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Electroacupuncture analgesia was used for surgery in horses and donkeys. A KWD-808 electrical stimulator was used to incrementally induce a dense, dispersed wave output at frequencies from 20 to 55 Hz, which was maintained at a frequency of 55 Hz, and to change the amplitude of the wave to the best grading number for the suggested operation in each animal. Induction of analgesia lasted for 20–30 minutes, and the effect of analgesia was maintained for 20–45 minutes depending on the type of surgery performed. The exhibited clinical signs, physical examination data, and the responses of all animals were used for evaluating the periods of analgesia. Although the majority of the cases (95%) had no response to strong surgical pain, they experienced significant increases in heart rates and respiratory rates during induction. The lack of pain, relaxed surgical procedures, reduced intraoperative bleeding, and improved healing without complications were all definite benefits of using electroacupuncture analgesia in surgery. Thus, this study has provided surgical evidence supporting the effectiveness of electroacupuncture analgesia, as well as confirming its reliability, in the field of equine anesthesia and surgery.

The morphology and Angioarchitecture of the Oro-pharynx in the Egyptian domesticated ducks were described. The present work was carried out on ten apparently healthy domestic ducks of different ages and sexes. The ducks were anaesthetized, and then injected through the mandibular artery and cranial vena cava by colored red and blue gum milk latex (60%), respectively to study the arterial supply and venous drainage. Three specimens were used for the morphological studies; the oral cavity has palatum and lingua. Three birds were prepared to study the arterial supply; the mandibular artery is the main arterial supply of the oral cavity and represents the direct continuation of the external carotid artery. While the remaining four specimens applied to study the venous drainage; the two jagular veins terminated in the oral cavity by forming interjagular anastomosis. The obtained results were photographed, described and discussed with those given by previous authors who performed earlier studies in other species of birds. The nomenclature used was adopted according to the Nomina Anatomica Avium (1993).

The aim of this study was to investigate the course and distribution of the celiac artery in the domestic geese and also a trial to extend our knowledge on the geese which had received but little attention in the field of veterinary comparative anatomy .The present work was carried out on twenty apparently healthy domestic geese of different ages and sexes.The birds were anaesthetized by IM injection of 0.5 cc of 2% xylazine HCL(3 mg/kg).Colored gum milk latex (60%) was then in- jected through the descending aorta. The specimens then after, were subjected to fine dissection to demonstrate the origin, course and distribution of the celiac artery. The celiac artery gave off the esophageal artery, dorsal proventricular artery then bifurcated into left and right branches. The former branch gave off; Rr .succi, R. pyloricus, A. proventricularis ventralis and A. gastrica ventralis then continued as A. gastrica sinistra. The right branch detached the; Aa. lienales, A. hepatica dextra, A. ileoce- calis, A. gastroduodenalis, A. pancreatico-duodenalis and A. gastrica dextra. The glandular stomach (Proventriculus) received its main arterial supply from the dorsal and ventral proventricular arteries. The muscular stomach (ventriculus or gizzard) was supplied by four main vessels; the left, right, ventral and dorsal gastric arteries. The obtained results were photographed, described and discussed with their corresponding features of other authors who performed earlier studies in other avis breeds. The nomenclature used was adopted according to the Nomina Anatomica Avium (1993).