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Community-based injury prevention under the International Safe Community model is a cost-effective and successful way to reduce injury and increase safety in communities. Safe community programs are important factors influencing overall health and major public health issues around the world. The purpose of this study is to describe and evaluate outcomes and achievements of the Busan Metropolitan International Safe Community program. For this study, we analyzed all data from 13 administrative agencies from 2009 to 2018 and compared each year of injury statistics with injury indicators including core indicator, supplementary indicators, and optional indicators as central data in order to identify outcomes of the Busan Metropolitan Safe Community program. We also evaluated effectiveness of programs through a statistical testing. The Sustainable Busan Metropolitan City Safety Community Program will contribute to realizing the government's goals for the Busan Metropolitan Safety policies and improving the quality of life for Busan citizens. We ultimately plan to contribute to an establishment of the safety culture targeting the whole citizens of all ages, genders, and social classes.

A community is the basic unit of a city. Scientific and effective evaluations of the construction effect of safe communities can improve the construction capacity of community disaster prevention and mitigation; it is also the basis for improving urban public safety and realizing stable and sustainable urban operation. First, following the development framework of a safe community and taking two typical communities in Xi’an, China, as examples, based on the literature and expert opinions, the initial indicators of a safe community are determined. Second, based on existing data, the literature and expert opinions, a questionnaire is designed, and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire are tested by exploratory factor analysis. Third, the indicators for evaluating the construction ability of a safe community are selected. Finally, an evaluation model of the construction ability of safe communities is constructed by using the comprehensive weighting technique for order of preference by similarity to the ideal solution (TOPSIS), which is applied to the actual evaluation of eighteen representative communities in Xi’an. The main findings are as follows. (1) The sense of community security is the collective consciousness of community residents. It includes not only the security and feelings of community residents themselves, but also the cognition of the impact of social policies at the macro and micro-levels on community residents, their families, and even the whole community. (2) From the three levels of consciousness, technology, and policy as the starting points for the construction of the theoretical model of a safe community, organizational resilience, accessibility resilience, social environmental resilience, and capital resilience are found to be the main influencing factors in the construction of a safe community. (3) Using questionnaires and expert interviews to preliminarily screen evaluation indicators and using the comprehensive weighting TOPSIS method to build an evaluation model can effectively avoid the defects of traditional empirical research on the validity and reliability of methods. (4) The ranking of the eighteen representative communities in the empirical analysis is basically consistent with the selection results of the national comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration community, which indicates the effectiveness and accuracy of the indicators and algorithms.

The aim of this study was to investigate the development of identity safety—where all participants are valued, included, and can engage without fear of stigmatization—among underrepresented youth and adults in a community‐based youth development program. Qualitative in‐depth interviews were conducted daily with three youth and two adult mentors about their experiences in the program (a total of 32 interviews). Data analysis revealed that participants developed identity safety through engaging in programmatic activities that explored youth's identities, practicing authenticity in daily interactions, and facilitating dynamic communication across intergenerational friendships. Participants described sustaining identity safety through formal social support spaces, mutual support in group settings, and peer support. Ultimately, these experiences set the foundation for youth and adults to engage in positive risk‐taking and self‐reflection. Implications for researchers and youth development programs are discussed.

Purpose: Community integration is a key component of recovery for individuals with serious mental illnesses (SMIs). The goal of the current study is to explore the nature and impact of safety concerns for experiences of communities for individuals with SMIs. Method: Using constructivist grounded theory, 30 semistructured interviews were analyzed to explore the depth and breadth of individuals’ safety concerns, how individuals manage these concerns, and how these concerns shape their community experiences. Findings: Participants described various unsafe encounters related to neighborhood disorder, homelessness, traumatic experiences, substance use, stigma, and loss of relationships and multiple strategies to manage their safety. Many saw mental health services as a sanctuary from the dangers of their environment, providing support, resources, and coping skills. For many, future communities were envisioned within the context of safety. Conclusions: Service providers should consider safety as a critical issue that impacts how individuals experience their current and future communities.

ObjectiveTo estimate the long-term impact of Safe Streets Baltimore, which is based on the Cure Violence outreach and violence interruption model, on firearm violence.MethodsWe used synthetic control methods to estimate programme effects on homicides and incidents of non-fatal penetrating firearm injury (non-fatal shootings) in neighbourhoods that had Safe Streets' sites and model-generated counterfactuals. Synthetic control analyses were conducted for each firearm violence outcome in each of the seven areas where Safe Streets was implemented. The study also investigated variation in programme impact over time by generating effect estimates of varying durations for the longest-running programme sites.ResultsSynthetic control models reduced prediction error relative to regression analyses. Estimates of Safe Streets' effects on firearm violence varied across intervention sites: some positive, some negative and no effect. Beneficial programme effects on firearm violence reported in prior research were found to have attenuated over time.ConclusionsFor highly targeted interventions, synthetic control methods may provide more valid estimates of programme impact than panel regression with data from all city neighbourhoods. This research offers new understanding about the effectiveness of the Cure Violence intervention over extended periods of time in seven neighbourhoods. Combined with existing Cure Violence evaluation literature, it also raises questions about contextual and implementation factors that might influence programme outcomes.

Background: Although the number of pedestrian traffic accidents is decreasing worldwide, more than one-third of traffic fatalities in Iran are related to pedestrians. High-risk behaviors of pedestrians increase their vulnerability to road traffic injuries. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate gender differences in adopting safe pedestrian behaviors in Tabriz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among pedestrians aged 18 years and over (n = 508) living in the second municipal district of Tabriz, Iran. The stratified random sampling method was used to recruit a representative sample of adults from 23 July to 21 November 2019. A standardized, structured questionnaire was used for evaluating traffic behaviors in five domains (i.e., adhering to traffic rules, pedestrians’ traffic violations, positive pedestrian behaviors, pedestrians’ distraction, and pedestrians’ aggressive behaviors). The data was analyzed by SPSS version 22 using independent t-test, regression, chi-square, and ANOVA tests. Results: Overall, 58.5% of the participants were female. Women had significantly higher scores in three domains of pedestrian traffic behaviors (i.e., no traffic violations, not being distracted, and not having aggressive behavior) than men (P < 0.001). Additionally, married women and women with higher education levels earned significantly higher scores than others in total pedestrian traffic behaviors. There were significant differences between men and women regarding the use of a personal car and walking daily more than an hour (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Our findings suggest gender differences in the five dimensions of pedestrian traffic behaviors in Iran. Gender-specific risk reduction strategies in the Iranian pedestrians’ safety intervention programs may promote safe traffic behaviors of pedestrians.

Background The International Safe Communities movement was established in 1986. It developed into an international collaborative network comprised of the WHO CCCSP/ISCCC, regional and national safe community organisations, support centres and communities. Purpose To review the outcomes of communities who have achieved designation as an international safe community over the 32-year period from 1986 to 2018 Method An audit of the ISCCC database and website was undertaken. Any inconsistencies were checked for accuracy against the original designation application. Results Since the safe community movement began in 1998 four hundred and three International Safe Communities have been designated. Data was available regarding 361 communities. The program has a high reach, 86 million people have been served by a safe community program that has achieved International Safe Community Designation. Forty-nine million of these are served by safe community programs whose certification remains active. In 2018 there were 39 certifications (13 designations and 26 re-designations), covering a population of 7.1 million people. Conclusion The International Safe Community movement has accomplished remarkable growth in the 30 years since it began in Sweden in the late 1980s. The program has achieved high reach. Four hundred and three communities have been designated by the end of 2018 with a population footprint of 86 million people.

Background Since 2005 when the Safe Community programs (SC) based on the seven indicators was firstly introduced in Japan, there are 17 communities which have introduced the SC into their community development policies. Among those communities, there is growing interest in what impacts SC has made in their communities. Methods The social cost of main causes of injuries such as suicide, traffic incidents, falls of the elderly was calculated based on the data provided by the fire department (ambulance transportation) and the medical institutions in some communities working on SC. Results Although there are limitations to have the exact cost of the social loss under the different conditions in each community, in the case of community A, one of the communities with longest experience of SC programs, we found that the community can save 18,081,333 USD (per 100,000) when they have zero suicide and depression. Conclusion In this study, possible losses made from influence on their families and workplaces are not included to the calculation. With the consideration of those conditions, the social loss can be much higher. To see precise losses, in addition to direct losses, we should identify what make indirect influences on the social losses. and it can be different by different causes of injuries. Learning Outcomes With the scandalized frame for the calculation of the social loss, we can show the benefits of prevention programs. It can convince policy makers to understand how much benefit the programs for injury prevention can make in their communities

Background In Japan, the safe Community (SC) Program, the injury prevention strategies based on the seven indicators have been adapted to communities. Considering that SC programs should be scientifically developed based on evidence, Japanese communities must overcome the disadvantage of absence of the national injury surveillance system. To solve this situation, this study aims to develop the injury surveillance function by making the use of ambulance transport data. Methods Injury cases were extracted from the ambulance transport dataset (ATD) in Kameoka City in 2010 to 2019, then longitudinally analyzed to see what cause injuries and how to be prevented. Results The main purpose of ATD is to verify and improve efficient transportation of patients to the medical institutions. Therefore, the information which is useful to prevent injuries is partially found only in the description about the patients on arrival. Conclusion ATD data doesn’t contain all the information to prevent injuries and it requires several steps to make it possible to identify factors which cause injuries and the develop injury prevention programs. However, we found that it is still most useful data with which we can get information which cannot get in other existing data collection systems in Japan. Learning Outcomes Considering that ATD contains the more information which can be used to develop effective intervention of injury prevention than any other datasets in Japan, it is very important to develop the system in which the information related to injury occurrence can be systematically extracted and analyzed to develop effective intervention.

Research Objectives Community discharge is viewed as a favorable outcome following acute care hospitalization. Occupational therapy (OT) utilization is associated with higher community discharges. However, patient-level factors that mediate the relationship between OT utilization and discharge disposition is not well-understood. We sought to investigate whether activities of daily living (ADL) performance change mediates the relationship between OT utilization and discharge destination among adults with TBI. Design In a secondary analysis of de-identified electronic health records data, we used path analysis to determine the relationship between 1) OT utilization and ADL performance change; 2) ADL performance change and discharge disposition; and 3) OT utilization and discharge disposition, while adjusting for ADL performance change. We calculated the indirect effect to examine whether ADL performance change mediated the relationship between OT utilization and discharge destination. Setting Five acute care hospitals within a single health system. Participants 435 adults who received OT services. Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures OT utilization units; Activity Measure for Post-Acute Care (AM-PAC) "6-Clicks"; Discharge disposition (community vs. institution). Results ADL performance improvement mediated the relationship between OT utilization and community discharge (OR= 0.80, p = .003). High OT utilization was associated with greater ADL performance improvement (β = 0.39, p Conclusions While improved ADL performance mediated the relationship between OT utilization and discharge disposition, the directionality of the relationship was unanticipated. Particularly, greater OT utilization was associated with greater ADL performance improvement, but such improvement was associated with lesser odds of community discharge. Results may inform efforts aimed at ensuring good quality of OT services delivered to individuals with TBI to maximize safe community discharge. Author(s) Disclosures None.

Injuries remain to be one of the leading causes of de­ath and disability in any region of the world. Interna­tional Safe Community Programme is most important programme for injury prevention and safety promo­tion in community. The aim of study was to introduce the concept of Safe Community as a successful tool for injury prevention and safety promotion. For this study, the scientific literature overview, document analysis, and descriptive analysis were used. The Safe Community model is a long-term, sustaina­ble, and coordinated program, based on partnership and collaboration, covering all genders, ages, envi­ronments, and situations. Safe Community concept targets vulnerable groups and high-risk environments. Programme documents the frequency and causes of injuries, and has evaluation mechanisms. Commu­nity itself play the leading role in Safe Community. Reduced injury rate/morbidity, disability, and mor­tality from injuries, and improved quality of life, are the results of comprehensive sustainable preventive work at the community level. The subcategory Safe Schools are promising preventive programmes in­tended to enhance child safety.

Introduction Police officers hold an important role as first responders as they usually reach the location of a traffic accident before paramedics. They also provide a level of safety for traffic accident victims while still at the accident scene. This study examined the effects of first aid training for police officers and their ability to assist people involved in traffic accidents as a part of a safe community model. Methods The study employed a pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test/post-test approach. The recruited sample was made up of 19 police officers from Malang Resort Police Station, chosen by using the cluster technique applied to areas with high accident levels. The instruments used were questionnaires, assessing the officers’ knowledge of first aid, as well as observation sheets measuring their skills in providing first aid. Results The results were analysed using a Wilcoxon test, which showed a significant effect (pConclusion First aid training is a strategy that should be implemented in order to support a safe community model. It is suggested that this training be conducted regularly by means of collaboration between police stations and medical services in order to improve pre-hospital services, which currently are limited in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the question of community management in China. Particular attention will be paid to the concept of community safety climate, including its meaning, the factors that influ...

이 연구는 안전한 사회를 만들기 위해, 재난 레질리언스의 강화 관점에서 안전공동체 거버넌스의 개혁 방안을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 레질리언스를 “지역사회의 안전을 위협하는 각종 재난 피해로부터 재난이 발생하기 이전보다 더 강한 안전성을 지닌 공동체로 만들 수 있는 역량”이 라고 정의하였다. 그리고 안전 거버넌스를 통해 다양한 행위주체가 협력 네트워크를 구성하여 정책 을 결정, 집행, 평가해 나가는 체계라고 보았다. 연구 결과, 재난 레질리언스를 강화하기 위한 개혁 방안을 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 회복력 관점에서 안전 거버넌스를 구축해야 한다. 둘째, 안전 거버넌스의 법률적 근거를 마련해야 한다. 셋째, 안전 거버넌스에 언론이 참여해야 한다. 넷째, 안전 거버넌스의 정보공유를 위해 정보시스템을 활용해야 한다. 다섯째, 안전공동체를 만들기 위한 교육 과 훈련이 필요하다. 여섯째, 안전 메타 거버넌스의 역할을 강화해야 한다. 일곱째, 안전 거버넌스에 주민의 자발적 참여가 필요하다.

Introduction : Traffic accidents can have an impact both physically, psychologically, and socially. People still have low awareness and knowledge both in driving and in providing first aid to victims of traffic accidents. Students can become one of the human resources that can be used to provide education to the community or their group regarding the control and handling of past accidents. Methods : The method used is through education and training which includes safety riding and first aid. Extension activities were carried out online by using the zoom while training activities were carried out offline at SMA N 2 Lamongan. The training materials provided to students include basic life support, and splints, and ambulation. The training is carried out using lectures, demonstrations - simulations, and discussions. Media for delivering technology is also prepared, namely in the form of materials and props. Results : The students' knowledge of first aid before the activity was less than 23 people (69.69%), enough for 8 people (24.24%), and good for 2 people (6.06%). While the knowledge after the activity is less than 1 person (3.03%), only 16 people (48.48%) and good 16 people (48.48%). The results of the pre-test and post-test showed an increase in students' knowledge about first aid. Conclusion : Efforts to establish a safe community can be done by involving students as one of the components of society which is expected to become agents of change in controlling and handling traffic accidents. Keywords : safety riding, safe community, promotive, accident first aid

Worldwide, every year 1.35 million people die due to road traffic injuries (Global Traffic Safety Report 2018). Road traffic injuries are now the leading cause of death for children and young people (5-29 years old), as reported by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The ‘Decade of Action’ for road safety (2011-2020) was a universal start to save millions of lives by taking a multi-disciplinary collaboration approach for road safety management. It encouraged countries to have safe road infrastructures, safe vehicles, safety-enhanced user behavior and improved road-injury related health services. All countries were encouraged to join this movement to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The ‘Safe Community’ program is a framework to employ local resources and public participation to improve the community safety and the empowerment of the population which will lead to SDGs. So, there is great potential for local communities to improve the safety of their people. Now, in the last year of the Decade of Action for road safety, we have an opportunity to review our achievements, strengths and weaknesses, and future needs so we can develop an action plan for the second decade that will be more equitable and evidence-based considering the local characteristics. The 24th International Conference on Safe Community gathers us to discuss and share our experiences and scientific achievements. Sharing and learning from other safe communities about road safety improvements provides a great example for local communities to employ a bottom-up approach to prevent road trauma due to road traffic injuries.

Background: Healthy city and safe community programs are the most common initiatives gaining increasing appeal in various communities to improve safety and health, independently. The aim of this study was to develop a joint application model of safe community and healthy city. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on healthy city and safe community programs using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Science Direct and also related websites such as WHO regional offices in 2018. The preliminary list of joint model dimensions and topics were extracted and then assessed by the expert through two rounds of decision Delphi and four expert panel sessions. Eventually, the visual model was developed and approved by the experts. Results: Literature review resulted in the identification of 11 programs on safety and health promotion in the community of which 35 topics were extracted. After investigating the topics accordance, they were judged (correction, merging or eliminating) by experts through Delphi rounds and panel sessions. Eventually a joint model comprising 14 dimensions, 3 core principles and 4 values called "Safe and Health Promoting Community, SHPC_ model" was developed. Conclusions: SHPC model provides a parallel and comprehensive view on safety and health topics in a community. The implementation of an integrated model could be one possible way to enhance the commitments on behalf of state and local government, and health system leaders to prioritize injuries and non-communicable disease prevention to address promotion, prevention, treatment and social consequences of mutual community-based interventions.

Statement of context Unilateral neglect is a complex impairment that is common after stroke and limits occupational performance. Sensitive assessment of unilateral neglect is critical for planning treatment and ensuring safe community discharge. Critical reflection on practice This reflection describes unexpected findings in the assessment of neglect with two individuals in the acute phase of recovery post-stroke. When trialing a new activity-based test battery, we observed few neglect behaviors during test tasks despite observation of multiple neglect behaviors outside of the testing situation. Upon reflection, we better understood how simplification and structuring of test items and environments could impact the observation and assessment of neglect behaviors. Implications for practice This practice analysis further supports the use of multiple assessments when evaluating unilateral neglect and specifically encourages the inclusion of assessment methods that maintain the complexity of everyday tasks and environments.

A major accident of high toxic gas, leaking of 20 tons of hydrofluoric acid [HF], was happened on 27 September 2012 in Gumi, about 200 km from Seoul, South Korea. The accident killed five work ers at the site and severely injured at least 18 others, including workers and emergency personnel. The initial government response to the accident, including possible mistakes by firefighters and a sluggish evacuation of nearby residents, was sharply criticized in the Korean media. The number of industries using toxic gas also has significantly increased most of them located near inhabited areas. These facts are a huge challenge for administrations who must minimize risks around toxic gas facilities where major accidents can occur, and must provide a safe community emergency response. When toxic gas is released during for a certain time, the resident downwind area should be evacuated or stayed in a building with sealing doors and windows, and wait until the toxic gas puff has gone. The criterion for evacuating or not of residence in the building is not setup until now, which might depend on the building and meteorological conditions. In this work, we analysis the toxic gas concentration in the building with toxic gas atmospheric dispersion to help that the local communities are likely to be advised to go indoors and to close windows and doors until given further advice by the emergency manager. Wind speed and ventilation ratio of building influence highly on the concentration of toxic gas in the building .

Community evacuations following dam failures like that of Edenville and Sanford Dams in 2020 and the Oroville Dam in 2017 in the United States, and Toddbrook Reservoir Dam in the United Kingdom in 2019, highlight the importance of risk communication that is designed to educate and encourage safe community response. However, research on community knowledge of and response to dam failure is scarce, limiting evidence-based design of risk communication. To support the development of effective dam failure risk communication, in the current study we conducted in-depth exploratory interviews with 26 public participants and five national dam experts in Australia. The findings from this study identify areas of convergence and divergence between expert and public participants’ perceptions of and knowledge about dam failure and risk mitigation strategies as well as responses to an existing risk communication message. This evidence base can serve to drive risk communication strategy and design that supports community knowledge of potential dam failure and improve preparedness.

Bu çalışmanın amacı J. G. Ballard'ın High-Rise adlı romanında şiddete giden yolu belirlemektir. Bilim ve distopya unsurlarını geleceğe ve başka bir yere değil de buraya ve şimdiye yerleştiren bir roman olarak High-Rise, okuru kendi inşa edilmiş çevresinden yabancılaştırır. Odak noktasında homojen bir topluluk/cemaat bulunan roman kentlerin mekânsal olarak ayrışmasına neden olan kentsel söylemleri sorgular. Romanın yerinin Londra olması nedeniyle kurmaca ve gerçeklik arasındaki geçişkenlikten dolayı bu çalışma ilk olarak edebiyat ve mekânsal beşeri bilimler arasında yok olan sınırları ve sonrasında da ütopya ve distopya arasında yok olan sınırları kısaca tartışacaktır. İkinci olarak, Richard Sennett'in kent anlayışı kuramsal bir çerçeve olarak kullanılarak toplumsal ilişkilerde homojenliğin romanda yol açtığı olumsuz neticeler belirlenecektir. Üçüncü olarak ise, can sıkıntısı olgusuna ve işbirliği yetersizliğine vurgu yapılarak güvenli olduğu farz edilen topluluğun dağılmasında ekonomik refahın rolü ortaya koyulacaktır. Bu şekilde, okurun gündelik çevresinde gizli ihtimalleri ortaya çıkaran distopyanın uyarıcı yönü kullanılarak Ballard çalışmalarına katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmaktadır. This paper aims to map the path leading to violence in J. G. Ballard's High-Rise. Being a science ction and dystopian ction which locates these elements, not in the future and somewhere else, but here and now, the novel defamiliarizes the reader from his/her built environment. With a homogenous community at its center, the novel problematizes the urban discourses that culminate in spatial segregation of the cities. Due to the transgressive nature of the novel between ction and reality, as London is the location of the novel, this paper will shortly deal with the blurring boundaries between the literature and the spatial humanities, and those between utopia and dystopia. Secondly, the negative outcomes of the homogeneity in social relations will be identied in the novel by using Richard Sennett's urbanism as a theoretical framework. Thirdly, the role of the afuence in the disintegration of the supposedly safe community will be revealed with an emphasis on the phenomenon of boredom and lack of cooperation. In this way, the paper will seek to contribute to Ballardian studies, using the cautionary aspect of the dystopia that unearths the latent possibilities buried in the quotidian environment.

OBJECTIVE. Over 6,400 American pedestrians die annually, a figure that is currently increasing. One hypothesized reason for the increasing trend is the role of mobile technology in distracting both pedestrians and drivers. Scientists and policymakers have attended somewhat to distracted driving, but attention to distracted pedestrian behavior has lagged. We will evaluate Bluetooth beacon technology as a means to alert and warn pedestrians when they approach intersections, reminding them to attend to the traffic environment and cross streets safely. METHODS. Bluetooth beacons are small devices that broadcast information unidirectionally within a closed proximal network. We will place beacons at an intersection frequently trafficked by urban college students. From there, the beacons will transmit to an app installed on users’ smartphones, signaling users to attend to their environment and cross the street safely. A crossover trial will evaluate the app with 411 adults who frequently cross the target intersection on an urban university campus. We will monitor those participants’ behavior over three distinct time periods: (a) 3 weeks without the app being activated, (b) 3 weeks with the app activated, and (c) 4 weeks without the app activated to assess retention of behavior. Throughout the 10-week period, we will gather information to evaluate whether the intervention changes distracted pedestrian behavior using a logistic regression to estimate the likelihood of key behavioral outcome measures and adjusting for any residual confounding. We also will test for changes in perceived risk. The trial will follow CONSORT statement guidelines, as modified for crossover design studies.

Background: Healthy City and Safe Community programs are the most common initiatives gaining increasing appeal in various communities to improve safety and health, independently. The aim of this study is to develop a joint application model of safe community and healthy city. Here, we have tried an applied model development effort. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted on healthy city and safe community programs in 2018. The preliminary list of joint model dimensions and topics were extracted and then assessed by the experts. Eventually, the visual model was developed and approved by the experts. Results: Totally, 35 safety and health promotion topics were extracted. After investigating the topics accordance, they were assessed by experts via two-rounds of Delphi study and panel sessions. Eventually a joint model comprising 14 dimensions, 3 core principles and 4 values called Safe and Health Promoting Community, SHPC_ model was developed. Conclusions: SHPC model provides a parallel and comprehensive view on safety and health topics in a community. The implementation of an integrated model could be one possible way to enhance the commitments on behalf of state and local government, and health system leaders to prioritize injuries and non-communicable disease prevention to address promotion, prevention, treatment and social consequences of mutual community-based interventions. Keywords: Safe Community, Healthy City, Joint application Model

To realize city development that allows people to live safely and securely, (1) citizens should have accurate perspectives on safety, (2) local stakeholders such as administrators, companies, and residents should share various kinds of risk information based on these perspectives, and (3) local stakeholders should create a safe community and tackle necessary problems. Therefore, we developed a mobile app to support users in learning perspectives on crime prevention through city patrol activities and in sharing the contents as risk information. In this paper, we discuss the usefulness of the app based on data from practical use and describe the prospects for supporting the formation of safe communities in the future.

Background Japan doesn’t have a solid data collection system with which communities can diagnose their safety and evaluate efforts for safety promotion. Therefore, communities are required to gather various data and information from different organizations by developing their own systems of data collection and analysis. It often makes communities hesitate to introduce the model of Safe Community. Purpose This study aims to develop the diagnoses and evaluation model with existing data for the communities which have no solid data collection and analysis system for injury prevention and safety promotion. Methodology Application reports to become a member of the international Safe Community Network were investigated to see what data sets were collected and analyzed for the diagnoses and evaluation of safety issues in the Japanese communities. Based on the document review, interview survey was conducted to find what information to be collected for better evaluation in addition to the existing data. Result There are several common data sets which allow the communities to evaluate their efforts for safety promotion. But since most of them are originally not collected and analyzed for injury prevention, the communities often need to ask the data sources to analyze the data to make them enable to evaluate their programs. In addition, they often conduct questionnaire survey to fill the missing information. Conclusion The ambulance transport data has more information related injury occurrence compared to other data sets at the community level. But the most information which tells us about how injuries occur is recorded in descriptions and not analyzed by the fire department. So, by developing analysis model of ambulance transport data, we became able to use more useful information for the evaluation.

Background Japan has the growing interest in International Safe School (ISS) Programs, a sub-category of the International Safe Community. Schools have an increased need for collaborative efforts with parents and communities to provide safe environment to children. On the other hand, communities have found that ISS is very good strategies to raise the future force to take care of their communities. Purpose This study aims to identify the impacts of ISS programs in the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The study focused on how much safety is improved and how much ability was increased in students. Methodology Several elementary schools and Jr. high schools were selected among round 30 schools working on ISS in Japan. To see the impact on safety level, injury related data was collected at the health school infirmaries. To see the impact on the abilities of students and schools, records on the students’ meetings was analyzed and the interviews were conducted to students, teachers and relevant individuals. Result The significant decline in the number of injuries was made because children’s capacity to identify and avoid risks of injuries. In addition, the changes in the attitude of the children to other issues were confirmed by the interviews to the teachers and principals. Students have become more settle down and motivated to study in the classes. Conclusion ISS programs can empower children to become the force of safety promotion in the community. Through ISS programs, children are learning how to identify risks, avoid injury and promote safety. In addition, Experience in ISS programs make influence on students’ QOL. Those findings can be a good motivation for schools challenging safety promotion and seeking for improvement of children’s academic performance.

The present study aims to analyze the events of the ?safe community project of Esfahan using E & CFA technique. Safe community project includes the initial preparations for the establishment of a safety culture in societies and providing purposeful management solutions to prevent the occurrence of various events. With the aggregate of the statistics on a variety of accidents with clear definitions, a good statistical population to be examined and analyzed is created. The statistical sample in this study consists of all the victims of the events recorded in the software relating to the state ?safe community project and in the section about the investigation of accidents by questionnaire, technical experts in the staff units of Health Center No. 1 in Esfahan analyzed the two selected events in the form of responding to components associated with intermediate and root causes and provided preventive and control measures. The instruments applied in this research included a questionnaire on the analysis of intermediate and root causes and a questionnaire concerning the assessment of preventive and control measures. Also, the degree of importance of each component and its relationship with other components were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test and then, the intended components were ranked. Further, brainstorming sessions were held with the presence of 5 technical experts and 5-why tool and Ishikawa root cause diagram were used as a tool for investigating causal relationships in the two selected events. The test results indicated that each component in the questionnaire is not associated with other components and can be effective alone in creating the desired effect.

The article examines laws in legal codes in the Torah, among them the Decalogue, the Covenant Code, the Deuteronomy Code, the Holiness Code and the Law in Numbers. The analysis makes use of the sociocritical method and studies to what extent the norms create legal institutes and build an orderly and safe community through a legal theory perspective and, on the contrary, to what extent disrespecting the norms causes the disintegration of the individual and the community. The Decalogue establishes a framework for the relationship between the Israelites and God and to others in the community. The Cove- nant Code aims at living in freedom in the homeland, protecting the excluded ones and integrating them into the community. The Deuteronomy Code corresponds to the reform of King Josiah. The Holiness Code and the Law in Numbers include a specific programme of religious and social renewal in the post-exilic era.

Research that examines nursing staff competence that is necessary in order to provide safe community care is called for. This literature review examines Norwegian policy documents and international research with the aim to assess whether there is a match between expected and actual nursing staff competence in community care. Twelve policy documents and ten research articles were included in the review, of which key themes were identified. The Norwegian government expects a wide range of competence ranging from specific tasks in medical management to adhering to safe practice and care guidelines. Major discrepancies were identified between the advanced competence expected in policy documents and the actual competence as described by the research literature, which was mainly concerned with assistance with activities of daily living, medical knowledge, and personal abilities. There is a general lack of opportunities for competence development in the sector, implying that a general development of nursing staff competence is a pressing need in community care.

The purpose of this study was to clarify the factors related to perceived positive change and sense of coherence in mothers ( n = 293) of children with cleft lip and palate. The strongest negative correlation with sense of coherence was stigmatizing words from others; there were positive correlations with social capital and perceived positive change. Multiple regression showed that to be aware of positive changes, mothers share their feelings with mothers in the same position, are rooted in a safe community and do not feel isolated in parenting. People who have experienced adversity may have the opportunity to enhance sense of coherence by obtaining perceived positive change.

This study conceptualizes local communication networks as a unique source of neighborhood collective efficacy. Data from the Seattle Neighborhoods and Crime Survey were used to create neighborhood-level measures of structural factors, friendship/kinship networks, organizational participation, local communication networks, collective efficacy, disorder, and crime victimization. Results indicate that socioeconomic status and residential stability have positive effects on local communication networks. The measure of local communication networks is positively related to collective efficacy, which in turn has decreased effects on disorder and crime victimization. Implications are discussed in terms of the role of communication in building a safe community.

Background: The world’s population living in urban areas has grown up from 14% to over 50%. This study was designed aiming to compare injuries related mortality and morbidity in Urban vs Rural settings among children in Iran. Methods: Data were gathered from a household survey. A t-test was used to analyze the relationship between outcomes. Achievements: Injury in all ages accounts for 17% of all deaths in Iran. 20% of death in children is due to injuries. Children in urban settings sustain injuries due to traffic accident, airway blockage and fall from height more than rural children. About 63.5% of morbidity related to injuries occurs in private homes or in residential areas e.g. yards and compounds. In these injuries, no significant statistically difference was found between rural vs. urban setting (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: Beside area level measures as an index for considering urbanization, other elements including quality of roads, distances from markets and so on should be considered as well. Safety for children is an important element to be provided prior to planning cities by urban developers. Expansion of the International Safe Community program is a potential solution.

Perpetual awareness systems are sensing systems characterized by continuous monitoring and ubiquitous sensing; they are essential to many safety and mission-critical applications, e.g. assisted living, healthcare and public safety. In this paper, we present SAFER, a perpetual heterogeneous IoT system; deployed in homes to detect critical events (injury, hazardous-environment) that must trigger immediate action and response. A key challenge here is the energy consumption associated with perpetual operations. We propose a novel energy-aware perpetual home IoT system where battery-operated and wall-powered IoT devices co-execute to ensure safety of occupants. We use a semantic approach that extracts activities-of-daily-living from device data to drive energy-optimized sensor activations. To validate our approach, we developed an elderly fall detection system using multi-personal and in-situ sensing devices. Using initial measurements to drive larger simulations, we show that our Cost-Function-Gradient algorithm can achieve greater than 4X reductions in energy dissipation without loss of sensing accuracy.

Background: The safe community initiative was developed by the World Health Organization following the increasing trend in the frequency of injuries. Similar to most countries, it was implemented in Iran to improve community safety. The aim of this study was to quantitatively analyze the Iranian designated safe communities. Methods: Using a descriptive design, this study analyzed the reports by Iranian designated safe communities (n, 33) in 2016. Data were extracted from the website of WHO collaborating centre on community safety promotion in Sweden, using an objective-based questionnaire. Microsoft Access 2010 was used for data management, and SPSS version 21 was utilized for data analysis. Results: The Iranian designated safe communities were all located in 3 out of 31 provinces of Iran, namely Tehran, Fars, and Khorasan Razavi. All the safe communities had covered traffic safety. In total, 69.7% of the safe communities reported the incorporation of occupational and sport safety activities, as well as violence and suicide prevention interventions. No significant difference was found among provinces in the frequency distribution of improved safety issues (P > 0.05). Moreover, 26 (78.8%) communities reported having an injury surveillance system. Conclusions: Iranian safe communities used a set of strategies to improve community safety. Accordingly, the neglected areas must be acknowledged by other interested communities. Moreover, rigorous scientific studies are required to assess the effectiveness of interventions.

The event was hosted in Malang, East Java, Indonesia, by the School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University. Below is a selection of abstracts from among the 70 papers that were presented

Conservation and environmental management have been reported as offering opportunities to substantially improve the wellbeing of Indigenous people. Using the holistic wellbeing impact evaluation (W-IE) approach&mdash, well suited for use in Indigenous communities&mdash, we interviewed 190 Indigenous Australians across four communities. All communities were involved in the Indigenous land and sea management programs (ILSMPs). Our study explored the conceptualisation of &lsquo, wellbeing&rsquo, by participants. In particular, we were interested in the aspects of wellbeing perceived to be affected by ILSMPs. Out of the 26 wellbeing factors explored, &lsquo, Health centres&rsquo, &lsquo, Language&rsquo, Schools&rsquo, and &lsquo, Safe community&rsquo, emerged as being of highest importance to the largest percentage of the respondents. When grouped using principle components analysis (PCA), the &lsquo, Community and society&rsquo, domain emerged as the most important, accounting for 52% of the overall importance of all wellbeing factors. The second most important domain was the &lsquo, Country and culture&rsquo, contributing 31%. Lastly, &lsquo, Economic aspects&rsquo, contributed only 17%. Respondents believed that ILSMPs have played a considerable causal role in improving wellbeing, by positively changing factors most important to them. Specifically, 73% of perceived causal links were related to improvements in the &lsquo, Country and Culture&rsquo, and 23% to &lsquo, Community and Society&rsquo, domain. We thus conclude that land management for Indigenous people is much more than ecological or environmental management with ILSMPs, perceived to cause a wide range of cultural and social benefits. We also propose ways in which the future design of such programs could be improved to further increase benefits.

Based on the concept of safe community there are followed couplings created in the human system by life-giving infrastructures and supply chains. The assessment of harm caused by their failures and the level of management of these failures reveals open problems in the followed domains and these were used for formulation of requirements for future research.

Natural disasters threaten the humans from time immemorial. They are caused both by the processes in the Earth core and Earth surface, or in the atmosphere, and by the processes in the vicinity of the Planet. From the current knowledge it follows that in human system various phenomena take place in the development process that are the expression of its development or of the development of systems that create it. The research was targeted to natural disasters such as: avalanches; hot wet summer days; drought; dams rupture; floods; tsunami; earthquakes; volcanic eruptions; landslides; rocks tumbling down (rock fall); forest fires; wind storms; tornados; excessive rain or snow falls ; and gas erosions from the core. It identifies deficits at natural disaster management from the viewpoint of safe community concept that has been promoted by the EU since 2004.

This study examined changes in self-reported priorities, competencies, and values in 73 previously homeless people with psychiatric disabilities who participated in a life skills intervention. Participants living in emergency or single-room occupancy housing enrolled in curriculum modules to increase residential stability (room and self-care, money management, nutrition management, or safe community participation) and completed the occupational self-assessment at baseline, postintervention, and 3 and 6 months later to examine change over time. Mean competency and value ratings and frequency of priorities were compared by time point, as well as between types of housing and primary diagnosis. Managing finances, a place to live, and self-care were consistently rated high in value and as top priorities. At baseline and post-intervention, participants rated themselves more competent on items related to meeting basic needs, however increased competency for more difficult items was observed over time. Individual...

Crime cases from snatch thefts to murders, are becoming increasingly common in Malaysia according to the database of the Royal Malaysian Police (RMP), the current overall Crime Index in Malaysia was 147,062 for 2013 compared with 65,237 in 1977. The database also revealed that the number of property crimes reported in this country has always exceeded the number of violent crimes. Although in 2013, crimes related to property are higher(117,687) than violent crime (29,375), the gradual increase in the latter does worry Malaysians. Likewise,Malaysian Government had implemented a “safe community” concept, inspired by the Malaysian Crime Prevention Foundation (MCPF), a non-government organization, as they were concerned that the threat of violent crime and non-violent crime would eventually reduce the quality of life for many individuals. The concept is very important to the public as it is perceived as improved safety for the public with less crime. This study analyzes the public safety through their perceptions on the effectiveness of the policeman and suggesting few prevention actions against crime. The data were collected using a self-administered survey questionnaire. Specifically, this study focuses on the more developed states in this country. From the cross tabulation analysis, the majority of respondents agreed that the police are effective in controlling crime. Approximately, 72.1% of respondents felt that the police are efficient in controlling crime.