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Wave-induced pressure gradients and local accelerations are important interconnected physical mechanisms involving several hydrodynamic and morphodynamic coastal phenomena. Therefore, to provide a reliable and realistic hydrodynamic and morphodynamic simulation, the dependencies among different parameters, such as water level, pressure gradient, local acceleration, and sediment concentration, should be considered. Herein, a copula-based simulation is presented for modeling multivariate parameters and maintaining their statistical characteristics within the surf zone. Archimedean and elliptical copula families are applied to investigate the dependency construction between the parameters in two case studies: one from a field site on the east coast of Japan, and another from a large-scale laboratory barred beach profile. The dependency between variables is evaluated using Kendall’s τ correlation coefficient. The water level, pressure gradient, and local acceleration are shown to be significantly correlated. The correlation coefficients between the variables for the natural beach are lower than the laboratory data. The marginal probabilistic distribution functions and their joint probabilities are estimated to simulate the variables using a copula approach. The performance of the simulations is evaluated via the goodness-of-fit test. The analysis shows that the laboratory data are comparable to the field measurements, implying that the laboratory simulation results can be applied universally to model multivariable joint distributions with similar hydrodynamic conditions.

A method to suppress noise, which is one of the major obstacles to obtain an optimal solution in quantum annealers, is proposed. We generalize the conventionally used Hamiltonian, i.e., the transverse field Hamiltonian, by introducing an ancillary system, which leads to cancellation of the effect of noise on the system under consideration for some typical cases. We also confirm numerically that the method is effective for a kind of noise usually encountered in the case of flux qubit., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures

茨城県波崎海岸に位置する波崎海洋観測施設において，15年間にわたり休日を除く1日1回計測された地形断面から算出した汀線位置および沿岸流速と鹿島港沖にて観測された沖波波浪より，それぞれの変動特性を把握した．さらに，1000日以上の長周期成分を再合成して算出した汀線位置変動の変化量，沖波エネルギーフラックス，沿岸流速の関係を解析した結果，汀線位置は沖波エネルギーフラックスが増加するほど，また，沿岸流速の南向きの流れが増加するほど後退する関係が見られた．さらに，沖波エネルギーフラックスと沿岸流速の汀線位置変動の変化量への影響を検討したところ，対象海岸では両者から同程度の影響を受けて変動していることが示唆された．

Scalar Tensor Vector Gravity(STVG) is one of a modified gravity theory developed by John Moffat(2005). MOG is abbreviated name for this theory.This theory is added a massive vector field to Brans-Dicke theory. It can explain a galactic rotary curve and the structure formation without dark matter. Without dark energy,acceleration universe too. However,these are claims by the developer and collaboraters.This theory was only inspected by simple approximate calculation. Therefore it needs more objective verifications.We will carried out verification from the viewpoint of N-body simulation. Such study is already accomplished by Brandao(2010).However, they did not precisely formulate N-body simulation on MOG. This paper shows formulation of the N-body simulation on MOG more precisely., Comment: 10 pages,8 figures

Terephthalic acid (TPA) deposited on Si(111)-7 x 7, Si(111)-root 3 x root 3-Ag and Ag(111) has been studied as a model system to understand how much passivated semiconductor surfaces differ from semiconductor and metal surfaces in respect of supramolecular self assembly. By scanning tunneling microscopy it is found that TPA molecules do not form any ordered supramolecular structure on the pristine semiconductor surface, due to a strong molecule-substrate interaction. On the contrary, TPA has a weaker interaction with Si(111)-root 3 x root 3-Ag, leading to the formation of an ordered supramolecular layer stabilized by carboxyl hydrogen bonds. These structures are very similar to the supramolecular layer of TPA formed on Ag(111), indicating that the two substrates behave similarly for what concerns the adsorption of functional organic molecules. However, the deposition of Fe on the TPA layers on Si(111)-root 3 x root 3-Ag does not induce the formation of two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks which, on the contrary, readily develop on Ag(111). Possible origins of this difference are discussed.

The application of graphene in electronic devices requires large-scale epitaxial growth. The presence of the substrate, however, usually reduces the charge-carrier mobility considerably. We show that it is possible to decouple the partially sp(3)-hybridized first graphitic layer formed on the Si-terminated face of silicon carbide from the substrate by gold intercalation, leading to a completely sp(2)-hybridized graphene layer with improved electronic properties.

ダイズ種子の発芽に伴う形態生理変化の可視化を目的に,励起蛍光マトリクス(EEM)とマイクロスライサを利用した3次元可視化手法の開発を試みた.ダイズ種子断面のEEMを計測・主成分分析し,可視化に有効な波長条件を選定した.次に,マイクロスライサによって露出される連続断面に対して,選定した計測波長条件で順次撮影し,主成分分析を利用した情報圧縮により,連続断面を可視化した.これら可視化した連続断面画像をボリュームレンダリングすることにより,立体再構築した.この手法を用いて,吸水直後から発芽までの3段階のダイズ種子内部の3次元可視化を試みた.低波長領域の計測波長(波長セットA)で発芽前ダイズを3次元可視化したところ,維管束状構造及び胚軸が観察された.しかし,発芽に伴い,胚軸を可視化することはできなくなり,維管束構造を観察することは困難になった.一方,高波長領域の計測波長(波長セットB)では,発芽前ダイズを可視化することはできなかった.しかし,発芽後には,この波長領域で維管束状の構造が観察された.更に,仮想的に内部を観察した結果,両子葉間に初生葉が発現している様子が見られた.以上より,ダイズ種子の発芽過程において,内部の形態構造及び成分特性の変化が可視化され,本手法が生体の内部構造の3次元可視化に有効であることが明らかになった.

Transition amplitudes between instantaneous eigenstates of a quantum two-level system are evaluated analytically on the basis of a new parametrization of its evolution operator, which has recently been proposed to construct exact solutions. In particular, the condition under which the transitions are suppressed is examined analytically. It is shown that the analytic expression of the transition amplitude enables us, not only to confirm the adiabatic theorem, but also to derive the necessary and sufficient condition for quantum two-level system to remain in one of the instantaneous eigenstates.