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Silei Yan, Chao Sun, Kun Jiang Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Kun Jiang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 355 Luding Road, Shanghai, 200062, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86 021-62475568, Email jkjk_032@163.comObjective: The study aimed to set up and validate a predictive nomogram for post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in severe pneumonia.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of 228 patients diagnosed with severe pneumonia and constructed a prediction nomogram. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model was utilized to optimize the selection of features for the clinical characteristics of post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans. Individual nomograms of bronchiolitis obliterans incorporating clinical factors were developed using the multivariate logistic model. The C-index, calibration plot, and decision curve analysis were used to verify the calibration, discrimination, and clinical utility. The bootstrapping method was used for the internal validation of the model.Results: Predictors in the individualized predictive nomogram included age of patients (odds ratio [OR], 0.994; 95% confidence interval; [CI], 0.990– 0.998), length of stay (OR, 1.043; 95% CI: 1.015– 1.073), mechanical ventilation (OR, 1.865; 95% CI: 1.236– 2.817), human adenoviral infection (OR, 1.671; 95%, CI: 1.201– 2.326), and the level of interleukin (IL)-2 (OR, 0.947; 95% CI: 0.901– 0.955). The model discriminated reasonably well, with a C-index of 0.907 (C-index, 0.888 and 0.926) with good calibration and internal validation, which was not statistically significant by the Hosmer–Lemeshow test (P = 0.5443). Decision curve analysis showed that nomograms were useful in clinical settings.Conclusion: In this study, a model was developed and presented as a nomogram with relatively good accuracy to help clinicians accurately and early diagnose post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans in children with severe pneumonia.Keywords: bronchiolitis obliterans, severe pneumonia, child, risk factors

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of combined use of Xuebijing and mild hypothermia therapy in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and its effect on mortality and incidence of complications. Methods: Eighty-six severe TBI patients admitted to The Fourth People's Hospital of Chongqing were selected. Patients were randomly and equally assigned to control group (COG) who received conventional treatment, and study group (EXG) given a combination of Xuebijing and mild hypothermia therapy. Relevant clinical indicators and therapeutic effects were compared. Results: Post-treatment levels of inflammatory indices, including procalcitonin (PCT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly reduced, with lower levels in EXG (p < 0.05). Between-group differences were seen in human leukocyte antigen-DR isotype (HLA-DR), CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and C3 indicators (p < 0.05). EXG had significantly lower protein expression levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 beta than COG (p < 0.05). After treatment, plasma protein levels of coagulation indices, viz, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were lower than pre-treatment levels, with even much lower levels in EXG (p < 0.05). There were reduced incidence of lung infection, acute gastrointestinal injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and hypernatremia (p < 0.05). More patients had better recovery in EXG (p < 0.05) than in control group. Conclusion: The combined therapy improves the prognosis of severe TBI, lowers the levels of inflammatory factors, ameliorates plasma coagulation, and enhances immunity with a high degree of safety. However, further clinical trials should be undertaken prior to application in clinical practice

Artemisia annua is the major natural source of artemisinin, an anti-malarial medicine commonly used worldwide. Here, we present chromosome-level haploid maps for two A. annua strains with different artemisinin contents to explore the relationships between genomic organization and artemisinin production. High-fidelity sequencing, optical mapping, and chromatin conformation capture sequencing were used to assemble the heterogeneous and repetitive genome and resolve the haplotypes of A. annua. Approximately 50,000 genes were annotated for each haplotype genome, and a triplication event that occurred approximately 58.12 million years ago was examined for the first time in this species. A total of 3,903,467-5,193,414 variants (SNPs, indels, and structural variants) were identified in the 1.5-Gb genome during pairwise comparison between haplotypes, consistent with the high heterozygosity of this species. Genomic analyses revealed a correlation between artemisinin concents and the copy number of amorpha-4,11-diene synthase genes. This correlation was further confirmed by resequencing of 36 A. annua samples with varied artemisinin contents. Circular consensus sequencing of transcripts facilitated the detection of paralog expression. Collectively, our study provides chromosome-level allele-aware genome assemblies for two A. annua strains and new insights into the biosynthesis of artemisinin and its regulation, which will contribute to conquering malaria worldwide.

Game theory, which studies the cooperation and conflict among multiple rational decision makers, called players, can be utilized to analyze a large class of engineering systems (for example, wireless communication networks and smart grids). A game usually consists of three components: the players; the players' actions; and their objective functions, which the players try to either maximize (in which case the objective function is known as a utility or payoff function) or minimize (in which case the objective function is referred to as a cost or loss function). In general, the players' objective functions are dependent on other players' actions, which lead to the coupling between the players' actions in the decision-making process. This article is concerned with static games, where the order of the players' decisions is not important (see 'Summary'). Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Ministry of Education (MOE) This work was supported in part by A* STAR under its Industry Alignment Fund (LOA award I1901E0046), the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund Tier 1 RG180/17(2017-T1-002-158), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62173250), and in part by Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2021SHZDZX0100). The authors would like to thank Prof. Lacra Pavel for the helpful advice and discussions that have improved the quality of the article.

To build an agricultural product network marketing system in the era of e-commerce, it is necessary for agricultural product business enterprises or farmers to recognize the benefits of using e-commerce to market agricultural products and face up to its influencing factors and to build a support system, application system, and guarantee system with the support of the government to promote agricultural product e-commerce marketing to obtain healthy development. In this study, we study the construction mode of e-commerce agricultural product online marketing system based on the end of blockchain and improved genetic algorithm. This study adopts the design idea of coalition chain and proposes a multichain agricultural product trading information blockchain application technology including agricultural product trading information chain, user information chain, and agricultural product information chain. The agricultural product information chain provides detailed information of agricultural products and ensures the traceability and non-tamperability of the information. It automatically divides the profits of transactions through smart contracts to improve execution efficiency and reduce transaction costs and finally establishes a transparent, efficient, and applicable blockchain architecture for agricultural product transactions.

Intentionally disordered metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) display rich functional behaviour. However, the characterisation of their atomic structures remains incredibly challenging. X-ray pair distribution function techniques have been pivotal in determining their average local structure but are largely insensitive to spatial variations in the structure. Fe-BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate) is a nanocomposite MOF, known for its catalytic properties, comprising crystalline nanoparticles and an amorphous matrix. Here, we use scanning electron diffraction to first map the crystalline and amorphous components to evaluate domain size and then to carry out electron pair distribution function analysis to probe the spatially separated atomic structure of the amorphous matrix. Further Bragg scattering analysis reveals systematic orientational disorder within Fe-BTC's nanocrystallites, showing over 10° of continuous lattice rotation across single particles. Finally, we identify candidate unit cells for the crystalline component. These independent structural analyses quantify disorder in Fe-BTC at the critical length scale for engineering composite MOF materials.

Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) is a geophysical method that can determine groundwater content directly and quantitatively. However, as MRS uses the Earth’s magnetic field as the background field, MRS signals are weak and cannot be shielded. Reliably extracting MRS signals in a strong noise environment is difficult. In this study, a data processing scheme using the adaptive local iterative filtering (ALIF) algorithm is proposed to extract MRS signal envelopes accurately. Based on the uncertainty of the initial amplitude and relaxation time, the decomposition order and mask coefficient of the ALIF algorithm are selected via traversal. Simulation results show that in the case of Gaussian noise and power frequency harmonic noise, the ALIF algorithm can reliably extract the MRS signal envelopes, and the correlation coefficient between the extracted and noiseless envelopes is 0.97. Under various noise types, amplitudes, and relaxation times, the average SNR increases by 30 dB∼42 dB. The ALIF algorithm is also suitable for extracting multi-exponential MRS signal envelopes. A comparative analysis between harmonic modeling cancellation and ensemble empirical mode decomposition shows the superiority of the ALIF algorithm, and the processing of the field data further verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the algorithm.

In the process of establishing a bearingless induction motor (BL-IM) traditional dynamic model, the magnetomotive force of rotor winding, the influence of suspension winding on torque, and the influence of torque winding on radial force are ignored. To solve the problem of insufficient accuracy in the traditional analytical model, based on fixed-pole rotor structure designed by the research group, which comprehensively considers the effect of suspension winding, torque winding and rotor winding, an optimized dynamic model is proposed. Firstly, the spatial variation equation of air gap under rotor eccentricity is established, and the composite magnetomotive force of three sets of windings according to the law of magnetic circuit is deduced, and the analytical model of magnetic co-energy in air gap is bulit. Secondly, using virtual displacement theorem to find partial derivative, the torque and radial force analytical model are obtained. Thirdly, the optimized BL-IM dynamic model is established. Finally, FEA (Finite element analysis) simulations based on controlled variable method prove the accuracy of optimized dynamic model and the change trend of torque is verified with respect to suspension current, phase difference between suspension current and torque current, as well as rotor eccentricity.

In modern solid-state drives (SSDs), the indexing of flash pages is a critical component in their storage controllers. It not only affects the data access performance, but also determines the efficiency of the precious in-device DRAM resource. A variety of address mapping schemes and optimization techniques have been proposed. However, most of them were developed with human-driven heuristics. They cannot automatically capture diverse data access patterns at runtime in SSD controllers, which leaves a large room for improvement. In this paper, we present a learning-based flash translation layer (FTL), named LeaFTL, which learns the address mapping to tolerate dynamic data access patterns via linear regression at runtime. By grouping a large set of mapping entries into a learned segment, it significantly reduces the memory footprint of the address mapping table, which further benefits the data caching in SSD controllers. LeaFTL also employs various optimization techniques, including out-of-band metadata verification to tolerate mispredictions, optimized flash allocation, and dynamic compaction of learned index segments. We implement LeaFTL with an SSD simulator and evaluate it with various storage workloads. LeaFTL saves the memory consumption of the mapping table by 2.9x on average and improves the storage performance by 1.4x on average, in comparison with state-of-the-art FTL schemes., Comment: This paper is accepted at the 28th Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLOS 2023)

BackgroundThe relationship between vitamin D nutritional status and the formation of bronchial mucus plugs (BMPs) is unclear. The aims of the current study were to investigate associations between serum 25(OH)D levels, serum inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics in children with mycoplasma pneumonia (MPP), and to summarize the risk factors for BMPs in children with MPP.MethodsClinical data from 175 children with MPP were collected and analyzed, the children were divided into a BMP group and a non-BMP group. Serum 25(OH)D levels, IL-8, and various inflammatory factors were compared in the two groups. Associations between 25(OH)D levels and IL-8, various inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics were analyzed, and the diagnostic value of serum 25(OH)D levels was assessed.ResultsSerum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in the BMP group (p < 0.05). Serum IL-8 level, percentages of neutrophils, and some inflammatory factors were significantly higher in the BMP group (p < 0.05). Serum 25(OH)D level was negatively correlated with IL-8, neutrophil percentage, various inflammatory factors (all p < 0.05). It was also associated with lobular infection, pleural effusion, mechanical ventilation, and mycoplasma 2,063/2,064 mutation (all p < 0.05). In multivariate regression analysis 25(OH)D [odds ratio (OR) 0.98, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–0.99, p = 0.003], IL-8 (OR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04, p = 0.002), polylobular infection (OR 1.75, 95% CI 1.17–2.64, p = 0.007), and MP DNA copies (OR 0.98, 95% CI 1.04–1.01, p = 0.022) were independent risk factors for BMPs, and the area under the curve value was 0.915 (95% CI 0.895–0.935). If the serum 25(OH)D level was ConclusionsVitamin D deficiency is common in children with MPP, and 25(OH)D levels are closely associated with inflammatory factors and disease severity in children. The serum 25 (OH) D level of MPP children with BMPs was lower than that of children without BMPs. Serum 25(OH)D can be used as a marker for the diagnosis of MPP in children with BMPs.

ObjectiveThe objective of the study is to establish a new parameter that can be clearly measured on x-ray images to complement the description of the sagittal alignment of the craniocervical junction. The authors anticipate that this new parameter will enhance surgeons' understanding of the sagittal alignment of the craniocervical junction and play a positive role in the guidance of intraoperative reduction and in the evaluation of postoperative outcomes of patients with atlantoaxial instability.MethodsFrom November 2018 to June 2020, a total of 159 asymptomatic subjects who underwent frontal and lateral cervical x-ray examination in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University were included in the study. Age, gender, previous spinal trauma, and disease history of each subject were recorded. After screening, 127 effective samples were finally obtained. When taking lateral cervical radiographs, all subjects placed their neck in a neutral position and looked straight ahead with both eyes. On the obtained lateral x-ray images, a straight line was drawn from the radix to the anterior clinoid process; another line was made along the posterior edge of the C2 vertebral body; and the angle between the two lines was measured, which was defined as the “horizontal view-axial angle.” The angle formed by the tangent of the posterior edge of the C2 vertebra and C7 vertebral body is the “C2–C7 angle,” which was used to describe the curvature of the lower cervical vertebra. The normal range of horizontal view-axial angle and its relationship with C2–7 angle were evaluated.ResultsThe average C2–C7 angle of male subjects was (14.0° ± 7.4°), while that of female subjects was (11.09° ± 7.36°). The average horizontal view-axial angle of male subjects was (92.79° ± 4.52°), and that of female subjects was (94.29° ± 4.50°). Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant negative correlation between horizontal view-axis angle and C2–C7 angle.ConclusionsFor patients with atlantoaxial instability diseases, the horizontal view-axis angle is expected to be a sagittal parameter to guide the intraoperative reduction and evaluate postoperative outcomes.

Supplementary Material 1

In this Letter, we systematically investigate the Leidenfrost temperature for hot solid substrates with various thermal diffusivities and surface roughnesses. Based on the experimental results, we build a phenomenological model that considers the thermal diffusivity of a solid substrate and derive a relationship between the surface roughness and the resulting vapor film thickness. The generality of this model is supported by experimental data for different liquids and solid substrates. Our model thus allows for a theoretical prediction of the Leidenfrost temperature and develops a comprehensive understanding of the Leidenfrost effect., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures

Additional file 6.

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have great potential to solve many real-world problems, but they usually require an extensive amount of computation and memory. It is of great difficulty to deploy a large DNN model to a single resource-limited device with small memory capacity. Distributed computing is a common approach to reduce single-node memory consumption and to accelerate the inference of DNN models. In this paper, we explore the "within-layer model parallelism", which distributes the inference of each layer into multiple nodes. In this way, the memory requirement can be distributed to many nodes, making it possible to use several edge devices to infer a large DNN model. Due to the dependency within each layer, data communications between nodes during this parallel inference can be a bottleneck when the communication bandwidth is limited. We propose a framework to train DNN models for Distributed Inference with Sparse Communications (DISCO). We convert the problem of selecting which subset of data to transmit between nodes into a model optimization problem, and derive models with both computation and communication reduction when each layer is inferred on multiple nodes. We show the benefit of the DISCO framework on a variety of CV tasks such as image classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and image super resolution. The corresponding models include important DNN building blocks such as convolutions and transformers. For example, each layer of a ResNet-50 model can be distributively inferred across two nodes with five times less data communications, almost half overall computations and half memory requirement for a single node, and achieve comparable accuracy to the original ResNet-50 model. This also results in 4.7 times overall inference speedup.

Additional file 1: Supplementary Fig. 1. Apoptosis analysis after SAW treatment. hBMECs were seeded in round slides for 48 h when firm barrier formed, then the slides were exposed on a SAW. The apoptosis of hBMECs was measured with Annexin V-AbFluor-647 Apoptosis Detection kit. Data are representative results of two individual experiments. Supplementary Table 1. The statistical analysis of Supplementary Fig. 1. Supplementary Fig. 2. Three-dimensionalimage of tight junction proteins. hBMECs were seeded in round slides for 48 h when firm barrier formed, then the slides were exposed on a SAW, which was same with Fig. 6. The z axis was selected for 10 μm, and 11 continuous pictures were acquired. The 3-D distribution of cell tight junction proteins was reconstituted and shown. Supplementary Fig. 3. A schematic diagram of brain region in 10-day-old zebrafish. The main brain regions include telencephalon, optic tectum, cerebellum and brainstem. The dotted lines only indicate the relative position of each brain region, and the area does not represent the full size of each region. Scale bar was 200 μm.

We perform a two-dimensional numerical study on the thermal effect of porous media on global heat transport and flow structure in Rayleigh-Bénard (RB) convection, focusing on the role of thermal conductivity $λ$ of porous media, which ranges from $0.1$ to $50$ relative to the fluid. The simulation is carried out in a square RB cell with the Rayleigh number $Ra$ ranging from $10^7$ to $10^9$ and the Prandtl number $Pr$ fixed at $4.3$. The porosity of the system is fixed at $ϕ=0.812$, with the porous media modeled by a set of randomly displayed circular obstacles. For a fixed $Ra$, the increase of conductivity shows a small effect on the total heat transfer, slightly depressing the Nusselt number. The limited influence comes from the small number of obstacles contacting with thermal plumes in the system as well as the counteraction of the increased plume area and the depressed plume strength. The study shows that the global heat transfer is insensitive to the conduction effect of separated porous media in the bulk region, which may have implications for industrial designs.

We investigate the coupling effect of buoyancy and shear based on an annular centrifugal Rayleigh-Bénard convection (ACRBC) system in which two cylinders rotate with an angular velocity difference. Direct numerical simulations are performed in a Rayleigh number range 10^6 \le Ra \le 10^8, at fixed Prandtl number Pr=4.3, inversed Rossby number Ro^{-1}=20 and radius ratio η=0.5. The shear, represented by the non-dimensional rotational speed difference Ω, varies from 0 to 10, corresponding to an ACRBC without shear and a radially heated Taylor-Couette flow with only the inner cylinder rotating, respectively. A stable regime is found in the middle part of the interval of Ω, and divides the whole parameter space into three regimes: buoyancy-dominated regime, stable regime, and shear-dominated regime. Clear boundaries between the regimes are given by linear stability analysis. In the buoyancy-dominated regime, the flow is a quasi-two-dimensional flow on the rφplane; as shear increases, both the growth rate of instability and the heat transfer is depressed. In the shear-dominated regime, the flow is mainly on the rz plane, and the heat transfer in this regime is greatly enhanced. The study shows shear can stabilize buoyancy-driven convection and reveals the complex coupling mechanism of shear and buoyancy, which may have implications for fundamental studies and industrial designs.

Photolithography assisted chemo-mechanical etching (PLACE), a technique specifically developed for fabricating highquality large-scale photonic integrated circuits (PICs) on thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN), has enabled fabrication of a series of building blocks of PICs ranging from high-quality (high-Q) microresonators and low-loss waveguides to electrooptically (EO) tunable lasers and waveguide amplifiers. Aiming at high-throughput manufacturing of the PIC devices and systems, we have developed an ultra-high-speed high-resolution laser lithography fabrication system employing a high repetition rate femtosecond laser and a high-speed polygon laser scanner, by which a lithography fabrication efficiency of 4.8 cm2/h has been achieved at a spatial resolution of 200 nm. We demonstrate wafer-scale fabrication of TFLN-based photonic structures, optical phase masks as well as color printing

The main manifestation of obesity is persistent low-level inflammation and insulin resistance, which is an important factor inducing or promoting other obesity-related diseases. As a proinflammatory programmed cell death, pyroptosis plays an important role, especially in the activation and regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Pyroptosis is associated with the pathogenesis of many chronic inflammatory diseases and is characterized by the formation of micropores in the plasma membrane and the release of a large number of proinflammatory cytokines. This article mainly introduces the main pathways and key molecules of pyroptosis and focuses on the phenomenon of pyroptosis in obesity. It is suggested that the regulation of pyroptosis-related targets may become a new potential therapy for the prevention and treatment of systemic inflammatory response caused by obesity, and we summarize the potential molecular substances that may be beneficial to obesity-related inflammatory diseases through target pyroptosis.

The widespread surface of the air-water interface plays a crucial role in the partitioning processes between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere. As one of the prime CWAs (Chemical Warfare Agents) abandoned by Japanese, the unfound 2-Chloroacetophenone posed a severe threat to the Chinese people. In this study, the interface partition constant of 2-Chloroacetophenone was obtained by measuring the mass uptake vapor on different environmental water films with various thicknesses. The surface tension, dissolved organic matter, and salinity of the environmental samples were analyzed. The partition constant of 2-Chloroacetophenone in pure water, river water and sea water samples at 288 K were 1182.2 ± 49.9, 1606.6 ± 101.3 and 408.9 ± 18.3, respectively. Surface adsorption is the predominant mechanism. The results also indicate that the adsorption partitioning ability of 2-Chloroacetophenone at the air/water interface was negatively correlated with surface tension. 2-Chloroacetophenone is more likely to adsorb at the gas/water interface with lower surface tension.

Deep learning (DL) has been widely applied to many domains. Unique challenges in engineering DL systems are posed by the programming paradigm shift from traditional systems to DL systems, and performance is one of the challenges. Performance problems (PPs) in DL systems can cause severe consequences such as excessive resource consumption and financial loss. While bugs in DL systems have been extensively investigated, PPs in DL systems have hardly been explored. To bridge this gap, we present the first comprehensive study to i) characterize symptoms, root causes, and introducing and exposing stages of PPs in DL systems developed in TensorFLow and Keras, with 224 PPs collected from 210 StackOverflow posts, and to ii) assess the capability of existing performance analysis approaches in tackling PPs, with a constructed benchmark of 58 PPs in DL systems. Our findings shed light on the implications on developing high-performance DL systems, and detecting and localizing PPs in DL systems. To demonstrate the usefulness of our findings, we develop a static checker Deep-Perf to detect three types of PPs. It has detected 488 new PPs in 130 GitHub projects. 105 and 27 PPs have been confirmed and fixed., Has been accepted by ESEC/FSE 2022

Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed to L. siceraria like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, central nervous system stimulant, anthelmintic, free radical scavenging, immunosuppressive, and adaptogenic. The fruit of this plant is commonly used as a vegetable that has a low-calorie value. The species possess a diverse set of biological compounds like flavonoids, sterols, saponins, and terpenoids. Vitamins, choline, flavonoids, minerals, proteins, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals are also found in the edible parts of this plant. Besides 17 different amino acids, many minerals are reported to be present in the seeds of L. siceraria. According to the USDA nutritional database per 100 g of L. siceraria contains 14 Kcal energy, 3.39 g carbohydrates, 0.62 g protein, 0.2 g fat, and 0.5 g fiber. L. siceraria performs a wide range of pharmacological and physiological actions. The literature reviewed from various sources including PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, etc. shows the remarkable potential to treat various human and animal illnesses due to its' potent bioactive chemicals. The key objective of this thorough analysis is to present a summary of the data about the beneficial and harmful effects of L. siceraria intake on human health, as well as in veterinary fields.

BACKGROUND: : The aim was to assess the clinical Glasgow–Blatchford score (GBS), Rockall score (CRS), and AIMS65 score in predicting outcomes (rebleeding, need for intervention, and length of stay) among patients with small bowel hemorrhage. METHODS: : We conducted a retrospective study of patients with small bowel bleeding (SBB). Rebleeding, need for intervention, and length of stay was investigated by 3 scoring systems. The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve was used to analyze the performance of 3 scoring systems. RESULTS: : Among 162 included patients, the scores of rebleeding, intervention, and length of stay ≥10 days groups were higher than no rebleeding, non-intervention, and length of stay 2, GBS > 7, AIMS65 > 0); need for intervention (CRS > 2, GBS > 7, AIMS65 > 0); length of stay (CRS > 0, GBS > 7, AIMS65 > 1)] in the risk stratification. CONCLUSIONS: : The GBS system is reliable to be recommended for routine use in predicting rebleeding and the need for intervention for early decision making in patients with SBB. The 3 scoring systems are poorly useful in predicting length of stay.

This article proposes a new SVPWM-based fault-tolerant control (FTC) approach for a three-phase two-level ac–dc converter. Voltage vectors deviation and affected voltage space sectors under faulty conditions are first analyzed. Then, a 12-sector division-based FTC approach is proposed. With the division scheme, sectors affected by faulty switches can be effectively separated from unaffected ones, and SVPWM strategies are implemented to compensate for distorted reference voltage vector in each sector. The scheme to determine the compensation ratio of vectors is also provided to maximize fault-tolerant performance. Six types of defined failure modes, including single and multiple switch faults, are analyzed and tested in experiments. Evaluations on results of current averaged total harmonic distortions, fluctuation of generator speed, torque oscillations, and stability of dc-link voltage verify its capability to achieve maximum system recovery. The approach proposed is an SVPWM-based method for ac–dc converters that require no additional hardware equipment and provide an effective and low-cost fault-tolerant solution.

The goal of this study is to evaluate different effect patterns of broad and contrastive intonation on the focused word and its contextual alternatives (target task). For this reason, we will apply cluster analyses on the effect of contrastive focus on recall of a focused element (gain focus) and its contextual alternatives (gain alternatives). Combining different unsupervised clustering algorithms and supervised machine learning techniques, the aim is to identify these patterns, whether they are replicable, how many of them there are, and how they relate to performance in focus-related as well as non-linguistic tasks (predictor tasks), demographic variables and overall recall performance.

The leopard coral trout generally exhibited numerous round, minute blue spots covering its head (about the size of nostril) and body (except ventral side). This is a characteristic that distinguishes them from similar species. Recently, however, we found the leopard coral trout with black spots. Here, the distribution and ultrastructure of chromatophores in the blue and black spots were investigated with light and transmission electron microscopies. The results showed that in the blue spots, two types of chromatophores are present in the dermis, with the light-reflecting iridophores located in the upper layer and the aggregated light-absorbing melanophores in the lower layer. Black spots have a similar chromatophore composition, except that the melanosomes within the melanophores disperse their dendritic processes to encircle the iridophores. Interestingly, after the treatment of forskolin, a potent adenylate cyclase activator, the blue spots on the body surface turned black. On the other hand, using the skin preparations in vitro, the electrical stimulation and norepinephrine treatment returned the spots to blue color again, indicating the sympathetic nerves were involved in regulating the coloration of blue spots. Taken together, our results revealed that the blue spots of the leopard coral trout can change color to black and vice versa, resulting from the differences in the distribution of melanosomes, which enriches our understanding of the body color and color changes of fishes.

The adhesion of tumor cells to vascular endothelial cells is an important process of tumor metastasis. Studies have shown that tumor could educate vascular endothelial cells to promote tumor metastasis through many ways. However, the effect of tumor cells on the functions of vascular endothelial cells-derived extracellular vesicles (H-EVs) and the mechanisms underlying their effects in tumor-endothelium adhesion in metastasis remain mysterious. In this study, we found that H-EVs promoted the adhesion of triple negative breast cancer cell to endothelial cells and cirGal-3 enhanced the adhesion-promoting effects of H-EVs. The underlying mechanism was related to the upregulation of glycolysis in endothelial cells induced by cirGal-3 which led to the increase of the ICAM-1 expression and its transmission to MDA-MB-231 cells by H-EVs. Targeting of cirGal-3 or glycolysis of vascular endothelium in breast cancer therefore represents a promising therapeutic strategy to reduce metastasis.

Unhealthy diet, in particular high-fat diet (HFD) intake, can cause the development of several metabolic disorders, including obesity, hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). These popular metabolic diseases reduce the quality of life, and induce premature death worldwide. Evidence is accumulating that the gut microbiota is inextricably associated with HFD-induced metabolic disorders, and dietary intervention of gut microbiota is an effective therapeutic strategy for these metabolic dysfunctions. Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate macromolecules and sources of fermentable dietary fiber that exhibit biological activities in the prevention and treatment of HFD-induced metabolic diseases. Of note, natural polysaccharides are among the most potent modulators of the gut microbiota composition. However, the prebiotics-like effects of polysaccharides in treating HFD-induced metabolic diseases remain elusive. In this review, we introduce the critical role of gut microbiota human health and HFD-induced metabolic disorders. Importantly, we review current knowledge about the role of natural polysaccharides in improving HFD-induced metabolic diseases by regulating gut microbiota.

L-theanine (γ-Glutamylethylamide) is a nonprotein water soluble amino acid (AA) mostly found in leaves of Camellia sinensis (green tea). This is a key component of green tea and is considered as the most abundant form of total AAs in green tea (i.e., about 50%). L-theanine is an exclusive taste ingredient of tea producing an attractive flavor and aroma in tea. It has biological effects such as antioxidant, growth promoter, immune booster, anti-stresser, hepatoprotective, antitumor, antiaging, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antianxiety activities that are worth noticing. It could reduce the oxidative impairment by reducing the synthesis of reactive oxygen species, oxidative parameters, and lipid damage as well as increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The oral ingestion of L-theanine enhanced γδ T-cell proliferation. Therefore, it is being considered an essential compound of green tea that has the ability to improve immune function. The L-theanine can be used as a potential treatment for hepatic injury and immune-related liver diseases via the downregulation of the inflammatory response through the initiation of nitric oxide synthesis and glutathione production which are likely to be critical for the control of hepatic diseases as well as for the improvement of immune function. In addition, it could be used as a best natural feed additive with a potent antistressor by decreasing the levels of corticosterone, dopamine, and noradrenaline. After systematically reviewing the literature, it is noticed that most studies were carried out on mice, pig, human, and butterfly; while dietary supplementation studies of L-theanine in animal and poultry especially among broilers are very limited because of less awareness of this AA. So, the aim of this review is to encourage the veterinarian and poultry researchers to conduct more research at the molecular level about this AA to expose its more beneficial effects and its mechanism of absorption for potential use of this unique green tea AA in poultry nutrition.

In order to reduce misalignment, enhance tight tolerance, and improve machining efficiency, a novel double cone integrated tool was developed and experimentally investigated during one-shot drilling of aluminum and aluminum alloy stacks in this paper. This special tool geometry can finish drilling, reaming, and countersinking processes at the same time. Its machining properties were comparatively evaluated with a standard twist drill (reference drill) by means of a series of experiments. Experimental results highlighted the influence of tool geometry on cutting force and vibration signals for drilling, reaming, and countersinking processes, respectively. The results indicated that the double cone integrated drill can induce a little larger thrust force than a reference drill due to its longer cutting edge. In addition, the chip morphologies generated by different processes and cutting variations also have been comparatively analyzed. The double cone drill under a larger feed rate was prone to produce smaller chips. Furthermore, the double cone drill can achieve smaller burrs, better surface integrity, and lighter tool wear compared with reference drill. The information obtained from this study can provide a better understanding of the one-shot drilling process and guidance for achieving higher efficiency and better hole quality.

Tool condition monitoring (TCM) is extremely important to ensure production efficiency and workpiece quality. It is crucial to extract and select suitable features from raw signals to improve the robustness and feasibility of TCM systems. This paper introduces a cutting force singularity analysis approach for TCM in milling, which correlates tool wear states with force waveform variations. The Holder exponents (HEs) were selected as the index of singularities. HEs are calculated by wavelet transform modulus maxima (WTMM). The raw signal is de-noised based on WTMM estimation, which can effectively preserve singularities compared with traditional filters. Fisher’s discriminant ratio (FDR) is employed to rank the discriminant capability of statistical features of HEs. It is found that means of HEs and quantities of singular points estimated from feed forces Fx show the strongest class-discriminant ability. Then, these features were chosen as training samples to propose a TCM approach based on the support vector machine (SVM). Experimental results indicate that this approach provides reliable and effective advice for tool change.

MnO2 nanosheets decorated with NiCo-LDH nanoplates were developed for high-performance supercapacitors. The construction strategy involved a facile two-step method including hydrothermal step and co-precipitation step. The samples were characterized by TEM, XRD, XPS, BET, and FT-IR. The prepared MnO2/NiCo-LDH composites with a large specific surface area and a certain active sites, realized the excellent energy storage capability in supercapacitors, due to the proper integration and optimization of the advantages of both MnO2 and LDH. Consequently, MnO2/NiCo-LDH shows a specific capacitance 555.6 F/g at current density of 1 A/g in 6 M KOH electrolyte, which is much higher than that of pure MnO2. Besides, MnO2/NiCo-LDH still can keep good cycling stability after 1000 cycles. This study indicates that MnO2/NiCo-LDH composite may have great potential as electrode material for supercapacitors.

Based on the concept of directional solidification, several experimental models for the casting process of Sn-10wt%Pb alloy with different magnetic field arrangements are built in this work and the...

The gradual tool wear is unavoidable in the machining process, it directly influences the surface integrity and dimensional tolerances of the components. The tool condition monitoring (TCM) systems have the capacity to make full use of the cutting potential of the cutting tools, which is of great significance for improving production efficiency and ensuring product quality. In milling titanium alloys, tool tipping is one of the main failure modes. Therefore, this study focuses on establishing a tool tipping monitoring approach for the milling process. The singularity analysis method based on wavelet transform was employed to characterize the variation of vibration waveforms quantitatively with the Holder Exponent (HE) index. The probability density distribution and statistical analysis were adopted to extract effective HE features from the HE indexes to correlate with the different tool conditions. The mutual information method was adopted to rank the discriminability of the HE statistical parameters. Then, several machine learning (ML) models were established with the screened HE features. Finally, the results of the experiments indicate that the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model has the highest classification accuracy and can provide practical guides on the tool changes.

甜水海地块作为西昆仑-喀喇昆仑造山带重要的组成部分，夹持于麻扎-康西瓦板块缝合带和洪山湖-乔尔天山板块缝合带之间，其构造属性的探讨对认知西昆仑地区早古生代地质演化具有重要的科学意义。笔者在甜水海地块中部麻扎地区通过野外填图新发现并厘定出一套火山岩-沉积岩组合，主要由安山岩、英安岩、流纹岩及其火山碎屑岩和少量沉积岩组成；与安山岩互层产出的英安岩和流纹岩锆石U-Pb年龄为519~513Ma，表明这套火山-沉积地层形成于中寒武世。该火山岩套的地球化学特征为：安山岩SiO2含量为57.0%~67.2%，具有高MgO（1.91%~7.17%）含量和Mg#值（39.1~65.3，平均值为55.0），较高Cr（31.0×10-6~190×10-6）和Ni（12.2×10-6~121×10-6）含量，低FeOT/MgO比值（1.12~3.26），低Al2O3（13.7%~17.3%）和K2O（1.12%~5.52%）含量的特征，属于低铁钙碱系列高镁安山岩-镁安山岩；英安岩较安山岩SiO2含量高（63.8%~71.8%），具有相似的Al2O3（13.4%~15.4%）含量，低MgO（0.28%~1.19%）含量和Mg#值（9.98~36.5，平均值为25.3），低Cr（11.5×10-6~25.2×10-6）和Ni（4.33×10-6~11.8×10-6）含量，高FeOT/MgO比值（3.64~18.9）和K2O（4.84%~9.27%）含量的特征，属于高钾钙碱性系列。安山岩和英安岩总体表现出右倾轻稀土富集分配模式，富集Rb、Ba、K、Th等大离子亲石元素，亏损Nb、Ta、Ti高场强元素，具有典型的岛弧岩浆岩特征。野外调查表明，安山岩与英安岩在空间上相邻，呈互层产出，且它们都出露于中寒武系地层中，暗示了二者在成因上紧密相联。岩石地球化学特征指示了安山岩和英安岩可能源于富集地幔楔不同比例的部分熔融作用，所产生的岩浆在上升过程中又遭受了不同比例的地壳混染。推测麻扎地区寒武纪火山岩形成于原特提斯洋向南俯冲消减机制下的岛弧构造环境，同时结合区域资料，认为在寒武纪甜水海地块存在两期岩浆作用，在早寒武系末期（~520Ma）原特提斯洋发生双向俯冲，甜水海地块北缘转化为活动大陆边缘。

Brassica parachinensis is a popular leafy vegetable. It is able to accumulate high concentration of Cd, however, the molecular mechanism of Cd accumulation is unknown. This study investigated the function and regulatory mechanism of the Cd-responsive metal ion transporter gene BrpHMA2. BrpHMA2 was induced by Cd stress and specifically expressed in vascular tissues, and the protein was localized in the plasma membrane. Heterologous expression of BrpHMA2 enhanced Cd accumulation and Cd sensitivity in transgenic Arabidopsis and yeast. After Cd stress, the transcriptional factors BrpNAC895 and BrpABI449, which may recognize the ABREs in the BrpHMA2 promoter, were also differentially expressed. The transcriptional regulation of BrpHMA2 was further investigated using ChIP-qPCR, EMSA and LUC reporter activity analysis employing the transient expression system of Brassica parachinensis protoplasts and tobacco leaves and the E. coli expression system. By binding to the promoter, BrpNAC895 induced the transcription of BrpHMA2. BrpABI449 might bind to the BrpHMA2 promoter or interact with BrpNAC895 to interfere with the action of BrpNAC895. The findings suggest that BrpHMA2 is a membrane-based afflux-type Cd transporter involved in the Cd2+ uptake and long-distance transport in plants. BrpNAC895 and BrpABI449, which function as the transcription activator and repressor respectively, coregulate BrpHMA2 expression.

Additional file 2. Fig. S2: Scheme of high and low asparagine metabolism HCC subgroups.

In this letter, the merging-vs-bouncing response of obliquely-oriented colliding jets under elevated and reduced gaseous environment pressures was experimentally examined. Experiments with water and n-tetradecane confirmed that the collision outcome transitions from merging to bouncing, and then to merging again, when the impact velocity was increased. This behavior which was previously reported for atmospheric pressure, has now also been observed at elevated and reduced pressures. New results also show that there exists a critical pressure (0.9 bar for tetradecane and 5 bar for water) below which increasing pressure promotes bouncing (expands the bouncing regime), while beyond this, merging is promoted (reduces the bouncing regime) instead. This leads to a non-monotonic influence of pressure on the non-coalescence outcomes of collisional jets, which was not previously reported. The study provides evidence of new behaviors in colliding jets at reduced and elevated pressures, which differs from well-studied droplet-droplet collisions., Comment: Corrected the abstract, results unchanged, a few minor edits based on reviews. This is the published version in Phy. Fluids

Additional file 1: Table S1. The antibody seroconversion and associated factors among PLWH sub-group.

Additional file 4. Table S1: Clinical information of high- and low- asparagine metabolism HCC subgroups in TCGA.

Additional file 3: Fig. S3: The expression of ICI response prediction gene sets in high- and low- asparagine metabolism subgroups.