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Road departure detection systems (RDDSs) for eliminating unintentional road departure collisions have been developed and equipped on some commercial vehicles in recent years. In order to provide a standardized and objective performance evaluation of RDDSs without the affections of systems complex nature of RDDSs and the design requirements, this paper proposes the development of the scoring method for evaluating vehicle RDDSs. Both flat road edge and vertical road edge are considered in the proposed scoring method, which combines two key variables: 1) the lateral distance of vehicle from road edge when RDW triggers; 2) the lateral distance of vehicle from road edge when RKA triggers. Two main criteria of road departure warning (RDW) and Road Keeping Assistance (RKA) are used to describe the performance of RDDSs.

Additional file 2. Figure S1. Bone marrow smear diagram and representative images of AML subtypes; Figure S2. Distribution of dual-center test dataset in the study; Figure S3. AMLnet diagnostic pipeline; Figure S4. Performance of the AMLnet on image and patient level in the test set; Figure S5. Visualization of AMLnet Gradients in Discriminating AML Subtypes M1, M2a, M2b, and M4; Table S1. Characteristics of patients in the developmental and dual-center test datasets; Table S2. Subtype-wise performance of AMLnet at the image level on the test set

ObjectiveTo identify the predominant type of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) and outcomes in patients with simultaneous multiple intracerebral hemorrhages (SMICH).MethodsConsecutive patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) from a single-center prospective cohort were retrospectively reviewed. Presumed etiology was classified according to the SMASH-U criteria. Demographics, clinical and laboratory variables, and neuroimaging data were compared between patients with primary SMICH and those with single ICH. Functional outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin scale 90 days after ICH.ResultsOf the 598 enrolled patients, 37 (6.2%) met the criteria for SMICH. Risk factors for SMICH included a high burden of deep cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00–1.12; p = 0.040), white matter hyperintensity scores (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.57; p = 0.021), history of ICH (OR 3.38, 95% CI 1.31–8.05; p = 0.008), and low serum magnesium levels (OR 0.01, 95% CI 0.00–0.25; p = 0.007). Based on the SMASH-U classification, 15(40.5%) SMICH were classified as hypertension, whereas 17 (45.9%) as undetermined-etiology. To further explore the potential microangiopathy underlying undetermined-SMICH, these patients with undetermined-etiology were compared to those with cerebral amyloid angiopathy-ICH, and were associated with a higher burden of deep CMBs but less severe centrum semiovale enlarged perivascular spaces. Likewise, compared with hypertension-ICH patients, those with undetermined SMICH were consistently associated with a higher deep CMB counts. Moreover, multivariate analysis revealed that SMICH was independently associated with poor outcomes (OR 2.23, 95%CI 1.03–4.76; p = 0.038).ConclusionOur results suggest that most patients with primary SMICH harbor hypertensive-SVD as principal angiopathy. Patients with SMICH are at a high risk of poor outcomes. (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT 04803292).

著者人数: 19名, 形態: カラー図版あり, Number of authors: 19, Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations, Accepted: 2021-01-14, 資料番号: PA2110015000

Indonemoura longihamata Bai & Qian sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A026B683-46AD-4328-A322-37DA8BB3D7FE Fig. 2 Diagnosis The new species is somewhat similar to In. trilongispina Du & Wang, 2006 from Guizhou in having a similar epiproct and long spines on the paraproct, and also seems related to In. curvispina and In. bilateralia Du & Wang, 2009 in having a similar epiproct and hypoproct. However, the new species can be separated by the median lobe extending a long hamulus sclerotized bars, apex pointed, without other spines; outer lobe shorter than median lobe obviously and apex blunt rounded, with a tiny subapical spine; tip of hypoproct rounded. In In. trilongispina, median lobe with a long sclerotized bar and bearing a subapical spine and slightly inwardly directed acute apex; outer lobe without spines and denticles; tip of hypoproct pointed (Wang et al. 2006: figs 8–9, 11); in In. curvispina, apex of median lobe spine-like and bilobed, outer lobe with a larger apical spine at outer margin and a small, dorsal, subapical spine at proximal margin (Li et al. 2017: figs 1–2, 5); in In. bilateralia, median lobe branched to two portions, inner portion membranous, outer portion forming a long, thin sclerotized bar with 3 or 4 prongs at tip; outer lobe much longer than median lobe, apex with a strong prong and a small lateral spine subapically (Wang & Du 2009: figs 1–4). Etymology The name refers to the median lobe of paraproct with a long hamulus shape. The Latin ‘ longi ’ and ‘ hamata ’ mean ‘long’ and ‘hamulus’. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan Township; 24°37′14″ N, 97°38′19″ E; 1351 m a.s.l.; 10 Jan. 2019; Chong-Xin Xie, Yu-Han Qian, Jin-Hong Xiang and Li Fu leg.; SWFU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Holotype: body length 9.4 mm; forewing length 12.3 mm; hindwing length 10.4 mm. HEAD (Fig. 2A). Head light brown, three ocelli; compound eyes black and protruded; antennae light brown with abundant decumbent pubescence; mouthparts yellowish. THORAX (Fig. 2A–B). Weak sclerotized. Pronotum slightly brown with rugosities; obvious nodules in cervical gills; legs lightly brown and with a brown narrowly band on the anterior of femora. WINGS (Fig. 2A). Macropterous; wings brownish-yellow and membrane translucent, veins brown. ABDOMEN (Fig. 2A, C). Abdominal segments generally brownish-yellow and weakly sclerotized. Tergum 9 weakly sclerotized with a thin and transverse sclerite on mid-anterior margin. Tergum 10 weakly sclerotized, median concaved below epiproct, a transverse arc-shaped sclerite anteriorly, two irregular sclerites posteriorly and a triangular sclerites on the both sides. Cerci long, cylindrical and membranous, without spines. GENITALIA (Fig. 2C–E). Vesicle of sternum 9 mostly membranous, oval-shaped, apex rounded. Hypoproct exceptionally long and broad, apex gradually narrowed, forming a linguiform shaped sclerite. Epiproct narrowed, lightly enlarged in median portion, dorsal sclerites mostly membranous, with two triangular sclerites in the middle extending ventral surface, apex with a small notch mid-anteriorly; basal of epiproct narrowed and slightly sclerotized in lateral view, elevated at ⅓ of terminal, apex weakly upward; ventral sclerites expanded into a large arched-shaped and strong sclerotized ridges, fringed with some tiny spines. Paraproct divided into three lobes in ventral view, inner lobe short and covered by hypoproct, closely connected to the median lobe; median lobe broad basally in ventral view, and extending a long hamulus sclerotized bars, apex pointed in lateral view; outer lobe basal part elongated and recurved dorsally alongside cerci, terminal part slenderly sclerotized bar and apex blunt rounded in lateral view, shorter than median lobe, with a subapical tiny spine. Female Unknown. Distribution China: Western Yunnan Province.

Indonemoura yingjiangensis Bai & Qian sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 849FC3EE-6E39-40EB-A7D4-0505721927F9 Fig. 1 Diagnosis The new species is very special and can be distinguished from all other Indonemoura species by the platy median lobe of paraproct that twisted at middle portion and apex truncatus with some tiny spines. This new species appears similar to In. spirocornua in having a similar epiproct and a twisted median lobe. However, the new species can be separated from In. spirocornua by the characteristic of median lobe and outer lobe of paraproct with a black spine located at ca ¼ of apex. In In. spirocornua, the median lobe forming an evenly out-curved, spine-like structure, apex bifurcate with two hooks of different size, the larger one spiral; and the outer lobe with a tiny ventroapical spine (Li et al. 2017: figs 6–7, 10). The similar long outer paraproctal lobe occur in In. trichotoma. However, in In. trichotoma, outer lobe forming a large hook with sharp tip, without spines at ca ¼ of apex; median lobe well developed, prolonged with two darkly sclerotized spines curved outward, and the hypoproct has spines apically (Li & Yang 2008: figs 6–7, 10). Etymology The new species is named after the type locality, Yingjiang County. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan Township; 24°37′14″ N, 97°38′19″ E; 1351 m a.s.l.; 10 Jan. 2019; Chong-Xin Xie, Yu-Han Qian, Jin-Hong Xiang and Li Fu leg.; SWFU. Paratype CHINA • 1 ♂; same collection data as for holotype; SWFU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Holotype: body length 9.8 mm; forewing length 10.9 mm; hindwing length 9.0 mm. HEAD (Fig. 1A). Head dark brown; three ocelli; compound eyes black and protruded; antennae slender and dark brown, with abundant decumbent pubescence; head slightly wider than pronotum; mouthparts light brown. THORAX (Fig. 1A–B). Weak sclerotized; pronotum slightly brown with rugosities; obvious nodules in cervical gills pale; Legs light brown and with a dark brown band on the middle and anterior of femora. WINGS (Fig. 1A). Macropterous; wings light brown and membrane translucent, veins brown. ABDOMEN (Fig. 1A, C). Abdominal segments weakly sclerotized, slightly brown. Tergum 9 weakly sclerotized, median slightly concaved and more sclerotized, mid-posterior membranous and with sparse tiny spines. Tergum 10 weakly sclerotized, median membranous and concaved below epiproct along with some tiny spines on both sides. Cerci with abundant long hairs, cylindrical and membranous, without spines. GENITALIA (Fig. 1C–E). Vesicle of sternum 9 mostly membranous, claviform and slightly constricted basally. Hypoproct exceptionally long and broad, apex gradually narrowed and with rugosities, apex rounded. Epiproct long, basal and lateral sclerites sclerotized, centre and apex membranous in dorsal view, apex gradually narrowed, a triangular ventral sclerite in the median portion of apex; epiproct upward, basal ventral membranous, apex beak-shaped in lateral view, ventral sclerite convex and forming a carina, with sparse tiny spines on the apex of keel. Paraproct divided into three lobes; inner lobe covered by hypoproct, long triangular sclerite; median lobe platy and long, length 3 × inner lobe, slightly twisted at middle portion, basal weakly sclerotized, gradually strong sclerotized to terminal, apex truncation with some tiny spines; outer lobe basal part elongated and recurved dorsally alongside cerci, terminal part slender and strong sclerotized, longer than median lobe in lateral view, apex rounded and with a black spine, another black spine located at near the ¼ of apex. Female Unknown. Distribution China: Western Yunnan Province., Published as part of Bai, Xue, Shen, Dan & Qian, Yu-Han, 2022, Two new species of Indonemoura (Plecoptera, Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 1-9 in European Journal of Taxonomy 823 (1) on pages 2-4, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.823.1809, http://zenodo.org/record/6619870

Indonemoura longihamata Bai & Qian sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A026B683-46AD-4328-A322-37DA8BB3D7FE Fig. 2 Diagnosis The new species is somewhat similar to In. trilongispina Du & Wang, 2006 from Guizhou in having a similar epiproct and long spines on the paraproct, and also seems related to In. curvispina and In. bilateralia Du & Wang, 2009 in having a similar epiproct and hypoproct. However, the new species can be separated by the median lobe extending a long hamulus sclerotized bars, apex pointed, without other spines; outer lobe shorter than median lobe obviously and apex blunt rounded, with a tiny subapical spine; tip of hypoproct rounded. In In. trilongispina, median lobe with a long sclerotized bar and bearing a subapical spine and slightly inwardly directed acute apex; outer lobe without spines and denticles; tip of hypoproct pointed (Wang et al. 2006: figs 8–9, 11); in In. curvispina, apex of median lobe spine-like and bilobed, outer lobe with a larger apical spine at outer margin and a small, dorsal, subapical spine at proximal margin (Li et al. 2017: figs 1–2, 5); in In. bilateralia, median lobe branched to two portions, inner portion membranous, outer portion forming a long, thin sclerotized bar with 3 or 4 prongs at tip; outer lobe much longer than median lobe, apex with a strong prong and a small lateral spine subapically (Wang & Du 2009: figs 1–4). Etymology The name refers to the median lobe of paraproct with a long hamulus shape. The Latin ‘ longi ’ and ‘ hamata ’ mean ‘long’ and ‘hamulus’. Material examined Holotype CHINA • ♂; Yunnan Province, Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yingjiang County, Tongbiguan Township; 24°37′14″ N, 97°38′19″ E; 1351 m a.s.l.; 10 Jan. 2019; Chong-Xin Xie, Yu-Han Qian, Jin-Hong Xiang and Li Fu leg.; SWFU. Description Male MEASUREMENTS. Holotype: body length 9.4 mm; forewing length 12.3 mm; hindwing length 10.4 mm. HEAD (Fig. 2A). Head light brown, three ocelli; compound eyes black and protruded; antennae light brown with abundant decumbent pubescence; mouthparts yellowish. THORAX (Fig. 2A–B). Weak sclerotized. Pronotum slightly brown with rugosities; obvious nodules in cervical gills; legs lightly brown and with a brown narrowly band on the anterior of femora. WINGS (Fig. 2A). Macropterous; wings brownish-yellow and membrane translucent, veins brown. ABDOMEN (Fig. 2A, C). Abdominal segments generally brownish-yellow and weakly sclerotized. Tergum 9 weakly sclerotized with a thin and transverse sclerite on mid-anterior margin. Tergum 10 weakly sclerotized, median concaved below epiproct, a transverse arc-shaped sclerite anteriorly, two irregular sclerites posteriorly and a triangular sclerites on the both sides. Cerci long, cylindrical and membranous, without spines. GENITALIA (Fig. 2C–E). Vesicle of sternum 9 mostly membranous, oval-shaped, apex rounded. Hypoproct exceptionally long and broad, apex gradually narrowed, forming a linguiform shaped sclerite. Epiproct narrowed, lightly enlarged in median portion, dorsal sclerites mostly membranous, with two triangular sclerites in the middle extending ventral surface, apex with a small notch mid-anteriorly; basal of epiproct narrowed and slightly sclerotized in lateral view, elevated at ⅓ of terminal, apex weakly upward; ventral sclerites expanded into a large arched-shaped and strong sclerotized ridges, fringed with some tiny spines. Paraproct divided into three lobes in ventral view, inner lobe short and covered by hypoproct, closely connected to the median lobe; median lobe broad basally in ventral view, and extending a long hamulus sclerotized bars, apex pointed in lateral view; outer lobe basal part elongated and recurved dorsally alongside cerci, terminal part slenderly sclerotized bar and apex blunt rounded in lateral view, shorter than median lobe, with a subapical tiny spine. Female Unknown. Distribution China: Western Yunnan Province., Published as part of Bai, Xue, Shen, Dan & Qian, Yu-Han, 2022, Two new species of Indonemoura (Plecoptera, Nemouridae) from Yunnan Province, China, pp. 1-9 in European Journal of Taxonomy 823 (1) on pages 4-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.823.1809, http://zenodo.org/record/6619870, {"references":["Wang Z. J., Du Y. Z., Sivec I. & Li Z. Z. 2006. Records and descriptions of some Nemouridae species (Order: Plecoptera) from Leigong Mountain, Guizhou province, China. Illiesia 2 (7): 50 - 56.","Wang Z. J. & Du Y. Z. 2009. Four new species of the genus Indonemoura (Plecoptera: Nemouridae) from China. Zootaxa 1976 (1): 56 - 62. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 1976.1.4"]}

Two new species of the family Nemouridae of the genus Indonemoura Baumann, 1975, Indonemoura yingjiangensis Bai & Qian sp. nov. and Indonemoura longihamata Bai & Qian sp. nov. are described from Yunnan Province, southwest of China. The morphological characteristics of the two new species are compared to related taxa.

Additional file 5: Table S5. Ct value correlated with SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM Titers.

Automated Vehicle Path Following Control (PFC) is an advanced control system that can regulate the vehicle into a collision-free region in the presence of other objects on the road. Common collision avoidance functions, such as forward collision warning and automatic emergency braking, have recently been developed and equipped on production vehicles. However, it is impossible to develop a perfectly precise vehicle model when the vehicle is driving. The most PFC did not consider uncertainties in the vehicle model, external disturbances, and parameter variations at the same time. To address the issues associated with this important feature and function in autonomous driving, a new vehicle PFC is proposed using a robust model predictive control (MPC) design technique based on matrix inequality and the theoretical approach of the hybrid $\&$ switched system. The proposed methodology requires a combination of continuous and discrete states, e.g. regulating the continuous states of the AV (e.g., velocity and yaw angle) and discrete switching of the control strategy that affects the dynamic behaviors of the AV under different driving speeds. Firstly, considering bounded model uncertainties, norm-bounded external disturbances, the system states and control matrices are modified. In addition, the vehicle time-varying longitudinal speed is considered, and a vehicle lateral dynamic model based on Linear Parameter Varying (LPV) is established by utilizing a polytope with finite vertices. Then the Min-Max robust MPC state feedback control law is obtained at every timestamp by solving a set of matrix inequalities which are derived from Lyapunov stability and the minimization of the worst-case in infinite-horizon quadratic objective function. Compared to adaptive MPC, nonlinear MPC, and cascade LPV control, the proposed robust LPV MPC shows improved tracing accuracy along vehicle lateral dynamics. Finally, the state feedback switched LPV control theory with separate Lyapunov functions under both arbitrary switching and average-dwell-time (ADT) switching conditions are studied and applied to cover the path following control in full speed range. Numerical examples, tracking effectiveness, and convergence analysis are provided to demonstrate and ensure the control effectiveness and strong robustness of the proposed algorithms.

As one of the most popular micro-mobility options, e-scooters are spreading in hundreds of big cities and college towns in the US and worldwide. In the meantime, e-scooters are also posing new challenges to traffic safety. In general, e-scooters are suggested to be ridden in bike lanes/sidewalks or share the road with cars at the maximum speed of about 15-20 mph, which is more flexible and much faster than the pedestrains and bicyclists. These features make e-scooters challenging for human drivers, pedestrians, vehicle active safety modules, and self-driving modules to see and interact. To study this new mobility option and address e-scooter riders' and other road users' safety concerns, this paper proposes a wearable data collection system for investigating the micro-level e-Scooter motion behavior in a Naturalistic road environment. An e-Scooter-based data acquisition system has been developed by integrating LiDAR, cameras, and GPS using the robot operating system (ROS). Software frameworks are developed to support hardware interfaces, sensor operation, sensor synchronization, and data saving. The integrated system can collect data continuously for hours, meeting all the requirements including calibration accuracy and capability of collecting the vehicle and e-Scooter encountering data., Comment: Conference: Fast-zero'21, Kanazawa, Japan Date of publication: Sep 2021 Publisher: JSAE

Additional file 7: Table S7. Laboratory tests of the three groups with hypertension.

Additional file 6: Table S6. Laboratory tests of the three groups with comorbidities.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Proportions of patients vaccinated with different inactivated vaccines.

Additional file 2: Table S2. Serological markers and their formulas.

Additional file 4: Table S4. Proportions of abnormal level of IL-6, lymphocyte count, LDH, and D-dimmer in the three groups.

With the emergence of ultra-wideband technologies, the confluence of information needs and communication timeliness has posed more challenges to develop design approaches for generating waveforms with characteristics such as high resistance of interference and low probability of interception. In this paper, a signal decomposition-based derivation (SDD) approach for waveform design is proposed by leveraging the controlled variational model decomposition. A source signal with wideband and nonstationary characteristics is used for generating the base waveforms which is band-limited around a center frequency. The waveform design can be performed by combining the base waveforms to obtain the designed wideband waveforms for communication and radar systems. Simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the designed SDD wideband waveform. A typical communication system with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is simulated with the SDD wideband waveform design. The results show that generated waveform with the SDD approach can be used for secure communications.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-npx-10.1177_1934578X211038390 for Chemical Components and Antimicrobial Activities of Tea Tree Hydrosol and Their Correlation With Tea Tree Oil by Xiaoxue Li, Dan Shen, Qiushuang Zang, Yan Qiu and Xuedong Yang in Natural Product Communications

As financial derivative products and systemic risk management tools, stock index futures and options have been greatly developed and widely issued in many countries. Taking the Shanghai Stock Exchange 50 (SSE 50) Index and its derivatives as the research objects, we first analyze the lead–lag relationship between stock index, index futures and index options in the Chinese mainland stock market based on a thermal optimal path (TOP) method whose essence is a non-parametric methodology, and compare the results with two mature markets, namely the Hong Kong and US stock markets. We find: (I) In US and Hong Kong stock markets, the index future leads the index. The index option leads the index future when the index remains stable or in an up-trend, but their lead–lag relation reverses when the index collapses; (II) In the Chinese mainland stock market, the index leads the index future, and the index option leads the index future in the whole period of our investigation; (III) In all three markets, the index option leads the index when the index remains stable or in an up-trend, but their lead–lag relation reverses when the index collapses. Our work gives new and strong evidence that the lead–lag relationship varies in different markets and with different market conditions, which has an important contribution to the reveal of the price discovery function of derivative products.

A melamine-organophosphinic acid salt (MDOP) was synthesized via neutralization of dibenzo[c,e][1,2]oxaphosphinic acid (DOPA) with melamine, and used as an additive-type flame retardant for epoxy resin (EP). Thermal stability and flame retardance was comprehensively evaluated via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UL-94 vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. The cured epoxy easily passed UL-94 V-0 rating with 0.33% content of P (5 phr MDOP); and LOI value of 38.0% was further achieved with 10 phr MDOP. The peak heat release (PHRR), total heat release (THR), total smoke production (TSP) and fire growth rate (FIGRA) were all reduced with the incorporation of MDOP. The pyrolysis behavior of the flame-retardant EP systems from Py-GC/MS and TG-FTIR suggested that MDOP played the role of flame retardance in both condensed and gaseous phases. Interestingly, the incorporation of MDOP did not deteriorate the mechanical properties of epoxy resin.

Additional file 7: Fig. S5. Uncollapsed phylogenetic tree of pogo transposons domesticated proteins including pogo transposases. The tree was inferred using the maximum likelihood method in the IQ-Tree program, as described in the Materials and Methods. The DD35E/IS630 family was used as an outgroup. The pseudogenes (PS) of JRK, TIGD3, TIGD5, TIGD7, and POGZ are labeled as JRK PS, TIGD3 PS, TIGD5 PS, TIGD7 PS, and POGZ PS, respectively.

Additional file 2: Fig. S2. Uncollapsed phylogenetic tree of pogo transposases. The phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum likelihood method with the IQ-Tree program, as described in the Materials and Methods.

Additional file 8: Fig. S6. Alignment of pogo transposase domesticated proteins.

Additional file 4: Fig. S3. The intra-group classification and distributions of Lemi and Fot transposons in fungi and land plants. (A) Subphylogenetic tree of Lemi transposases constructed using the maximum likelihood method. (B) Subphylogenetic tree of Fot transposases constructed using the maximum likelihood method. The number of species/organisms containing Lemi and Fot elements for each clade is given in brackets.

Additional file 1: Fig. S1.IS630 transposase classification. The phylogenetic tree was inferred using the maximum likelihood method with the IQ-Tree program, as described in the Materials and Methods. IS256 transposase was used as an outgroup.

Electron-accepting molecules play an important role in developing organic solar cells. A new type of A-D-A molecule, 3,6-di([7-(5-bromothiophen-2-yl)-1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiotetrazocin-3-yl]thiophen-2-yl)-9-(2-ethylhexyl)carbazole, was synthesized. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) and highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels are −3.55 and −5.85 eV, respectively. Therefore, the A-D-A type of compound could be used as electron acceptor for fabricating organic solar cell with a high open circuit voltage. Gibbs free energy (−49.2 kJ/mol) reveals that the process of A-D-A acceptor accepting an electron from poly(3-hexylthiophene) at excited state is spontaneous. The value of entropy (118 J/mol) in the process of an electron transferring from P3HT to the A-D-A acceptor at organic interface suggests that electrons generated from separation of electron-hole pairs at donor/acceptor interface would be delocalized efficiently. Therefore, the A-D-A molecule would be a potential acceptor for efficient organic BHJ solar cells.

A series of planar 1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiotetrazocine derivatives were synthesized for study on charge transfer at donor/acceptor interface. The fluorescence quenching spectra, and the highest occupied molecular orbital (−6.10 ∼ −6.25 eV) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (−3.45 ∼ −3.58 eV) energy levels of these 1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiotetrazocine derivatives show that they would be potential acceptor materials. Based on theoretical calculations, thermodynamic study on charge transfer at donor/acceptor interface was carried out. The results of experiments and theoretical calculations show that the electrons could transfer spontaneously from poly(3-hexylthiophene) to these acceptors. The percentages of fluorescence quenching increase with negative Gibbs free energy values increasing in the charge transfer procedures. Therefore, short circuit current values of organic solar cells would increase with the Gibbs free energy values increasing. This paper suggests a useful way for developing efficient organic solar cells.

Additional file 2: Figure S1–5. Figure S1: Taxonomic distribution of IC elements in Actinopterygii. FigureS2: Alignment of domains of Incomer and DD34E/Tc1 transposases. FigureS3: Full tree of IC elements with eight other members of the Tc1/mariner superfamily based on their full-length transposases FigureS4: Full tree of IC elements with eight other members of the Tc1/mariner superfamily based on their DDE/D motifs. FigureS5: Time tree of species harboring IC elements.

Supplemental material, IMR887276 Supplemental Material for Low-dose apatinib monotherapy in advanced chemotherapy-refractory small cell lung cancer: a case series and literature review by Ying-ying Liu, Tao Chen, Dan Shen, Wei-yun Zhang, Chang-guo Wang, Jun-hong Jiang and Da-xiong Zeng in Journal of International Medical Research

Figure S1. Water quality profiles at each station as determined by the CTD sampler. Figure S2. Abundance of Trichodesmium in at the nine stations. Cell numbers were determined by microscopic counting. Figure S3. Redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination plot showing the relationships between environmental variables and taxa in the DNA and RNA libraries. Table S1. Geolocation of the stations, sampling depth, and sample volume. Table S2. Alpha-diversity indexes of the total and active communities in each sample. Table S3. Nutrient concentrations at the sampling stations. Table S4. Monte Carlo permutation test of the effects of environmental variables on the nifH-derived communities. Table S5. The CT values obtained from the technical triplicate of quantitative PCR. (PDF 899 kb)

Additional file 6: Table S3. Access number of RAG1 genes. Species only with the complete CDS region of the RAG1 gene in the NCBI database are listed.

The consensus sequences or representative sequences of L1, SINE and ERV. (DOCX 200 kb)

Table S1. Detail information of pig L1 families in the pig genome. Table S2. (SINE name and length information after reclassification). Table S3. (Detailed information on ERV in the pig genome). Table S4. (Composition of interspersed repeats in the pig genome). Table S5. (Primers for insertion polymorphism detection of youngest retrotransposons). Table S6. (Primers for promoter activity assay of LTR /5â ˛UTR of ERV/ L1). Table S7. (Primers for retrotransposon assay of L1). Table S8. (Primers for detection of the expression of retrotransposons by RT-qPCR). Figure S1. (Comparison and reclassification of SINE transposons derived from tRNA in Repbase libraries by sequence alignment). Figure S2. (ERVs were classified into three classes based on the NJ phylogenetic tree). Figure S3. (Schematic of the protein structures of full-length ERV6 members in pig genome). Figure S4. (Retrotransposon distribution in pig genome and the impact on genes). Figure S5. (Primers designed for the youngest retrotransposons insertion polymorphism detection). (DOCX 2580 kb)

The study of lead–lag relationship between stock index and stock index futures is of great importance for its wide application in hedging and portfolio investments. Previous works mainly use conventional methods like Granger causality test, GARCH model and error correction model, and focus on the causality relation between the index and futures in a certain period. By using a non-parametric approach—thermal optimal path (TOP) method, we study the lead–lag relationship between China Securities Index 300 (CSI 300), Hang Seng Index (HSI), Standard and Poor 500 (S&P 500) Index and their associated futures to reveal the variance of their relationship over time. Our finding shows evidence of pronounced futures leadership for well established index futures, namely HSI and S&P 500 index futures, while index of developing market like CSI 300 has pronounced leadership. We offer an explanation based on the measure of an indicator which quantifies the differences between spot and futures prices for the surge of lead–lag function. Our results provide new perspectives for the understanding of the dynamical evolution of lead–lag relationship between stock index and stock index futures, which is valuable for the study of market efficiency and its applications.

The title compound 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-ol was synthesized by the reaction of phenol with hexafluoroacetone using mesitylene as solvent and. methanesulfonic acid as catalist. The structure is determined by X-ray structure analysis. Two kinds of strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds O(Alk)-H···O(Ar)and O(Ar)-H···O(Alk) are formed in crystal. These hydrogen bonds connect the molecules into two-dimensional layers. Based on theoretical calculations of the electronic structure of the title compound, its application in fluoro-containing materials is predicted. The title compound may be employed to synthesize many organic fluoro-containing polymers, because alcoholic hydroxyl and phenolic hydroxyl are easily deprotonated.

Planar molecules 3,7-diaryl-1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiotetrazocines would be potential acceptor materials of organic solar cell because of their containing SN units. One-pot synthetic procedures of 3,7-diaryl-1,5,2,4,6,8-dithiotetrazocine compounds are developed to improve their yields up to 2.1–5.9 times as much as those in literatures. The geometries of title compounds were optimized by the density functional theory calculations. Their optoelectronic properties were studied by ultraviolet and cyclic voltammetry spectra and fluorescence quenching experiments. The highest occupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level values show that these compounds are suitable to be employed as acceptor materials for developing bulk heterojunction organic solar cells with high open circuit voltages. Emission fluorescence of poly(3-hexylthiophene) at excited state in dichloromethane was quenched by addition of title compound. Therefore, these compounds used as acceptor materials could exhibit good mobility.

Supplementary Figures, Tables and Methods. (PDF 4956Â kb)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as regulators of tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the current study, we determined the clinical significance and biological role of miR-488 in HCC. Our results demonstrated that the expression of miR-488 was notably downregulated in HCC tissues compared with paired adjacent normal tissues. Lower miR-488 expression was positively associated with tumor size, vascular invasion, and shorter overall survival (OS) in HCC patients. Furthermore, gain-and-lost function assays showed that upregulation of miR-488 significantly inhibited cell proliferation, colony formation, cell invasion, and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. We showed that ADAM9 served as a direct target for miR-488 and mediated lower miR-488 expression, thus inducing cell proliferation and invasion in HCC. Moreover, we found that lncRNA HULC is a target of miR-488 in HCC cells and miR-488 inhibited the expression of HULC by sponging to HULC in HCC. Thus, our results suggest that miR-488 functions as a tumor suppressor in HCC and may be a potential target for HCC treatment.

In this work, manganese porphyrins were immobilized on hybrid nanocomposite microspheres through amide bond using Fe 3 O 4 as hard templates. The catalyst was characterized by N 2 adsorption–desorption isotherm (BET specific surface area), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy (UV–vis) analysis. The results showed the average size of the hybrid nanocomposite microspheres is 450 nm in diameter and the supported metalloporphyrin catalysts remained reactive after removing Fe 3 O 4 leaving the silica support with micropores. The catalytic performance of the as-prepared catalysts without Fe 3 O 4 core instead of with the core was significantly enhanced as a result of the homogeneous catalysis in a heterogeneous catalyst, and the conversion of ethylbenzene was up to 22.9%. The catalyst also possessed high stability, and could be reused 6 times without remarkable loss of the catalytic activity, compared to the unsupported counterpart.

Differential expression of miRNAs and miR-30a-5p is downregulated in NSCLC. (DOC 57Â kb)

Signal densities of human RTK phosphorylation array. (DOCX 20Â kb)

Schedule of enrollments, interventions, and assessments. (DOC 63 kb)

Demographic and clinical characteristics of NSCLC patients and the level of miR-30a-5p and CD73 mRNA expression in tumor tissue specimens. (DOC 39Â kb)

SPIRIT checklist. (DOC 118 kb)

Differential expression of miRNAs and miR-30a-5p is downregulated in NSCLC. (DOC 57Â kb)

Signal densities of human RTK phosphorylation array. (DOCX 20Â kb)

In order to explore the safety performance of continuous structure bridge near fault zone, a typical three spans continuous girder bridge of highway was selected to study the structural seismic response. The finite element model of whole bridge considered the force characteristics of bearing and pile-soil interaction was constructed. Typical near-fault records were selected from the important earthquake events. Several artificial waves characterized with the soil type in bridge site were simulated and used for dynamic analysis. Comparing with the seismic response of bridge under three given acceleration design spectrum, the seismic performance of continuous bridge was studied by nonlinear dynamic time-history method. Research results indicates that, the seismic design spectrum considering near-fault effect, especially large amplitude pulse effect of near-fault records, will significantly enhance the seismic response of continuous girder bridge. The fact that the near-fault effect is not considered in China existing highway bridge seismic design code will increase the destructive risk of structure.

As the main body of the natural productivity, the urban greenbelt, an irreplaceable comprehensive ecological service system, plays a leading role in beautifying the urban appearance, improving the quality of the urban ecological environment, adjusting the urban ecological balance. The research of ecological service function assessment is a hot research of many domains in recent times, such as ecology, environmental science, sociology, science of culture, economics, etc. Technological innovation is not only the urgent need and significant support system of technological development, but also the urgent need of solving the existing problems of the ecological service function assessment of urban greenbelt. This paper analyzes the main barriers and corresponding countermeasures of the technological innovation, such as unsound innovation mechanism, dated technological means, fault information transform, unsound assessment system, etc., which provides enlightenment and reference for the assessment, planning, construction, management and sustainable development of the ecological service function of urban greenbelt.