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1. Consumer reactions to product placement strategies in television sponsorship

Author

D'Astous, Alain and Seguin, Nathalie

Subjects
Advertising -- Methods, Consumer behavior -- Analysis, Corporate sponsorship -- Analysis
Abstract

A factorial design model for consumer reactions was developed to assess the impact of product placement strategies on the marketing efficiency of television sponsorship programs. Experimental results derived from placement, sponsor, television program and program congruity factors suggest that the use of obtrusive product placement strategies tend to generate negative behavior among consumers. On the other hand, placement strategies that are highly related with sponsor programs draw positive and ethical consumer reactions.

Published
1999

2. Boot camp approach to surgical residency preparation: feedback from a French university hospital

Author

Etienne Buscail, Fabrice Muscari, Aurélien Hostalrich, Manon Bolzinger, Sandra Malavaud, Vincent Minville, Charlotte Martin, Magali Delhoste, Charles Henri Houze-Cerfon, Simon Buscail, Bruno Bastiani, Mathieu Roumiguié, Ariane Weyl, Nicolas Carrère, Olivier Abbo, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), The Toulouse Bar Association, Toulouse Institute for Health Stimulation, and SEGUIN, Nathalie

Subjects
Male, Medical student education, Preparedness surgical residency, [SHS.STAT]Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Students, Medical, Surgical skills, [SHS.EDU]Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, [SHS.EDU] Humanities and Social Sciences/Education, Surgical residency program in France, Internship and Residency, General Medicine, Curriculum design, Feedback, Education, Hospitals, University, Video-based learning, [SHS.STAT] Humanities and Social Sciences/Methods and statistics, Humans, Surgery, Female, Educational Measurement, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Introduction The transition from medical student to surgical resident is not a simple one. The aim of this study was to report the experience of a university hospital in the organization of the induction course for future surgical residents and the contribution of a video support in the learning of the suture. Material and method We were able to study two consecutive years of students (October 2020 and 2021). Concerning the practical and technical workshops (learning suture) we carried out a comparative study between two groups of students. A group that had video support for learning suture (video group) and a group without video (control group). The evaluation of the suture was performed in a blinded manner by two supervising surgeons. The other practical workshop was drain fixation; the students did not have a video for this workshop. A comparative study was also performed for the drain fixation workshop between the two groups (video group and control group). A program of theoretical courses was also set up. This program is established according to the different future functions of the residents by integrating medico-legal notions and teamwork. Satisfaction questionnaires were given to the students and the answers were given two months after taking up their duties in the hospital (6 questions with Likert scale and 4 free questions). Results The cohort consisted of 58 students (29 each in 2020 and 29 in 2021). Comparative analyses of the evaluation of the suture workshops showed better performance in the video group compared with the group without video. The comparison of these two groups did not show significant differences in the drain fixation workshop. The theoretical teaching was broken down according to the students' future tasks and each speaker was a specialist in his or her field of expertise. The results of the questionnaires showed a desire on the part of the students to increase the time spent on practical workshops and theoretical forensic teaching. Conclusion We were able to show through these two years of a program that we were able to offer a surgical resident preparation course. In addition, we have highlighted the contribution of a video support in the learning curve of the suture.

Published
2022

3. Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae strains are natural wheat endophytes that can stimulate root development

Author

Claudia Bartoli, Stéphane Boivin, Marta Marchetti, Carine Gris, Virginie Gasciolli, Mégane Gaston, Marie‐Christine Auriac, Frédéric Debellé, Ludovic Cottret, Aurélien Carlier, Catherine Masson‐Boivin, Marc Lepetit, Benoit Lefebvre, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes Microbes Environnement (LIPME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Plateforme TRI FR-AIB, Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), INRAE Department of Plant Health and Environment (SPE), IDEX UNITI, Grant/Award Number: RHIZOWHEAT, ANR-18-EURE-0019,TULIP-GSR,The Toulouse-Perpignan(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010), ANR-16-CE20-0021,GRaSP,Caractérisation du déterminisme génétique du choix du partenaire symbiotique pour une amélioration de la symbiose fixatrice d'azote chez le pois(2016), ANR-16-CE20-0025,WHEATSYM,ROLES DES SIGNAUX MICROBIENS LCO/CO ET DE LEURS RECEPTEURS DE PLANTES DANS DES INTERACTIONS BENEFIQUES ENTRE MONOCOTYLEDONES ET MICROORGANISMES DU SOL(2016), SEGUIN, Nathalie, The Toulouse-Perpignan - - TULIP-GSR2018 - ANR-18-EURE-0019 - EURE - VALID, Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental - - TULIP2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0041 - LABX - VALID, Caractérisation du déterminisme génétique du choix du partenaire symbiotique pour une amélioration de la symbiose fixatrice d'azote chez le pois - - GRaSP2016 - ANR-16-CE20-0021 - AAPG2016 - VALID, ROLES DES SIGNAUX MICROBIENS LCO/CO ET DE LEURS RECEPTEURS DE PLANTES DANS DES INTERACTIONS BENEFIQUES ENTRE MONOCOTYLEDONES ET MICROORGANISMES DU SOL - - WHEATSYM2016 - ANR-16-CE20-0025 - AAPG2016 - VALID, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Réseau Imagerie-Genotoul ( TRI-Genotoul), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Rhizobium leguminosarum, Bacteria, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Microbiology, [SDV.BV.BOT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Endophytes, Symbiosis, Root Nodules, Plant, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Triticum, Phylogeny, Rhizobium
Abstract

International audience; Although rhizobia that establish a nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with legumes are also known to promote growth in non-legumes, studies on rhizobial associations with wheat roots are scarce. We searched for Rhizobium leguminosarum symbiovar viciae (Rlv) strains naturally competent to endophytically colonize wheat roots. We isolated 20 strains from surface-sterilized wheat roots and found a low diversity of Rlv compared to that observed in the Rlv species complex. We tested the ability of a subset of these Rlv for wheat root colonization when co-inoculated with other Rlv. Only a few strains, including those isolated from wheat roots, and one strain isolated from pea nodules, were efficient in colonizing roots in co-inoculation conditions, while all the strains tested in single strain inoculation conditions were found to colonize the surface and interior of roots. Furthermore, Rlv strains isolated from wheat roots were able to stimulate root development and early arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization. These responses were strain and host genotype dependent. Our results suggest that wheat can be an alternative host for Rlv; nevertheless, there is a strong competition between Rlv strains for wheat root colonization. In addition, we showed that Rlv are endophytic wheat root bacteria with potential ability to modify wheat development.

Published
2022

4. Co-Infection and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Benjamine Sarton, Marion Grare, Fanny Vardon-Bounes, Anna Gaubert, Stein Silva, Laure Crognier, Béatrice Riu, Thierry Seguin, Bernard Georges, Vincent Minville, Stéphanie Ruiz, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Pôle Anesthésie Réanimation [CHU de Toulouse], and SEGUIN, Nathalie

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Medicine (miscellaneous), intensive care unit, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, ventilator-associated pneumonia, co-infection, [SDV.MHEP.PSR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, influenza, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, H1N1
Abstract

International audience; Considering virus-related and drug-induced immunocompromised status of critically ill COVID-19 patients, we hypothesize that these patients would more frequently develop ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) than patients with ARDS from other viral causes. We conducted a retrospective observational study in two intensive care units (ICUs) from France, between 2017 and 2020. We compared bacterial co-infection at ICU admission and throughout the disease course of two retrospective longitudinally sampled groups of critically ill patients, who were admitted to ICU for either H1N1 or SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection and depicted moderate-to-severe ARDS criteria upon admission. Sixty patients in the H1N1 group and 65 in the COVID-19 group were included in the study. Bacterial co-infection at the endotracheal intubation time was diagnosed in 33% of H1N1 and 16% COVID-19 patients (p = 0.08). The VAP incidence per 100 days of mechanical ventilation was 3.4 (2.2–5.2) in the H1N1 group and 7.2 (5.3–9.6) in the COVID-19 group (p < 0.004). The HR to develop VAP was of 2.33 (1.34–4.04) higher in the COVID-19 group (p = 0.002). Ten percent of H1N1 patients and 30% of the COVID-19 patients had a second episode of VAP (p = 0.013). COVID-19 patients have fewer bacterial co-infections upon admission, but the incidence of secondary infections increased faster in this group compared to H1N1 patients.

Published
2022

5. Role of milk and milk products in the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the dairy production chain

Author

Yacine Titouche, Madjid Akkou, Karim Houali, Frédéric Auvray, Jacques‐Antoine Hennekinne, Université Mouloud Mammeri [Tizi Ouzou] (UMMTO), Université Saâd Dahlab Blida 1 (UB1), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de sécurité des aliments de Maisons-Alfort (LSAl), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Laboratory for Food Safety, ANSES, and SEGUIN, Nathalie

Subjects
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV.TOX.TCA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Staphylococcal Infections, milk products, pheno, milkmilk contamination, Anti-Bacterial Agents, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Milk, [SDV.TOX.TCA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Toxicology and food chain, Animals, Humans, genotypic characteristics, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; Milk and milk products can harbor a multiple varieties of microorganisms. Therefore, they can be an important source of foodborne pathogens, including multidrug-resistant bacteria. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes a wide spectrum of infections both in animals and humans. Over the last two decades, the presence of MRSA in foods and food-producing animals, including milk and milk products, has been frequently reported worldwide, raising public health concerns. In order to monitor and prevent foodborne MRSA contamination, it is necessary to understand their sources, the pheno/genotypic characteristics of the strains, and their transmission dynamics. In this review, studies conducted worldwide were summarized in order to assess the prevalence and diversity of MRSA circulating in milk and milk products. The risk factors for the occurrence of MRSA in milk and milk products were also discussed with preventive and control measures to avoid MRSA contamination in the dairy food chain.

Published
2022

6. Rabbit targeted genomic sequences after heterologous hybridization using human exome

Author

Nathalie Iannuccelli, Julien Sarry, Yvon Billon, Patrick Aymard, Virginie Helies, Cédric Cabau, Cécile Donnadieu, Julie Demars, SEGUIN, Nathalie, Génétique Physiologie et Systèmes d'Elevage (GenPhySE ), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité Expérimentale Elevages Porcins Innovants (GenESI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Génome et Transcriptome - Plateforme Génomique ( GeT-PlaGe), Plateforme Génome & Transcriptome (GET), Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Génopole Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées [Auzeville] (GENOTOUL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and INRAE Animal Genetics Department

Subjects
Mammals, [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV.BA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Genotyping Techniques, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, Targeted DNA sequencing, Capture, [SDV.BA.MVSA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing, General Medicine, Rabbit, Heterologous hybridization, Exons, Genomics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, [SDV.BIO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Animals, Humans, Exome, Rabbits, Human
Abstract

Objective Causal mutations for major genes that underlie a broad range of morphological traits are often located within exons of genes that then affect protein functions. Non-model organism genetic studies are not easy to perform due to the lack of genome-wide molecular tools such as SNP genotyping array. Genotyping-By-Sequencing (GBS) methods offer an alternative. Consequently, we used this approach that is focused on the exome to target and identify major genes in rabbit populations. Data description We used a heterologous enrichment method before sequencing, allowing us to capture the rabbit exome using the marketed human panel since mammal protein coding genes are well conserved across the phylogenic tree of species. This targeted strategy was performed on 52 French rabbits from 5 different French strains (Californian, New-Zealand, Castor, Chinchilla and Laghmere). We generated 3.4 billion sequencing reads and approximately 29–140 million of reads per DNA sample. The expected exome coverage per sample ranged between 118 and 566X. The present dataset could be useful for the scientific community working on rabbit species in order to (i) improve the annotation of the rabbit reference genome Oryctolagus cuniculus (OryCun2.0), (ii) enrich the characterization of polymorphisms segregating in rabbits and (iii) evaluate the genetic biodiversity in different rabbit strains. Raw sequences were deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory- European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI) data portal under bioproject accession number PRJEB37917.

Published
2022

7. An ESPGHAN Position Paper on the Use of Low-FODMAP Diet in Pediatric Gastroenterology

Author

Thomassen, R A, Luque, V, Assa, A, Borrelli, O, Broekaert, I, Dolinsek, J, Martin-de-Carpi, J, Mas, E, Miele, E, Norsa, L, Ribes-Koninckx, C, Saccomani, M Deganello, Thomson, M, Tzivinikos, C, Verduci, E, Bronsky, J, Haiden, N, Köglmeier, J, de Koning, B, Benninga, M A, Pediatrics, Paediatric Gastroenterology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Universitat Rovira i Virgili, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], University of Maribor, University of Barcelona, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII [Bergamo, Italy], Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe = University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Inst Invest Sanitaria La FE, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences (MBRU), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), University Hospital Motol [Prague], Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, Erasmus University Rotterdam, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), SEGUIN, Nathalie, Thomassen, R A, Luque, V, Assa, A, Borrelli, O, Broekaert, I, Dolinsek, J, Martin-de-Carpi, J, Mas, E, Miele, E, Norsa, L, Ribes-Koninckx, C, Saccomani, M Deganello, Thomson, M, Tzivinikos, C, Verduci, E, Bronsky, J, Haiden, N, Köglmeier, J, de Koning, B, and Benninga, M A

Subjects
IRRITABLE-BOWEL-SYNDROME, Oligosaccharides, CHILDREN, Disaccharides, POLYOLS DIET, CLINICAL-TRIAL, Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, MANAGEMENT, Humans, Settore MED/49 - Scienze Tecniche Dietetiche Applicate, REDUCES SYMPTOMS, Child, Settore MED/38 - Pediatria Generale e Specialistica, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Monosaccharides, Gastroenterology, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, Diet, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Fermentation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, LOW FERMENTABLE OLIGOSACCHARIDES, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, CELIAC GLUTEN SENSITIVITY, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: Excluding oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) from the diet is increasingly being used to treat children with gastrointestinal complaints. The aim of this position paper is to review the available evidence on the safety and efficacy of its use in children and provide expert guidance regarding practical aspects in case its use is considered. METHODS: Members of the Gastroenterology Committee, the Nutrition Committee and the Allied Health Professionals Committee of the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) contributed to this position paper. Clinical questions regarding initiation, introduction, duration, weaning, monitoring, professional guidance, safety and risks of the diet are addressed. A systematic literature search was performed from 2005 to May 2021 using PubMed, MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. In the absence of evidence, recommendations reflect the expert opinion of the authors. RESULTS: The systematic literature search revealed that the low-FODMAP diet has not been comprehensively studied in children. Indications and contraindications of the use of the diet in different pediatric gastroenterological conditions are discussed and practical recommendations are formulated. CONCLUSIONS: There is scarce evidence to support the use of a low-FODMAP diet in children with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and no evidence to recommend its use in other gastrointestinal diseases and complaints in children. Awareness of how and when to use the diet is crucial, as a restrictive diet may impact nutritional adequacy and/or promote distorted eating in vulnerable subjects. The present manuscript provides practical safety tips to be applied when the low-FODMAP diet is considered in children.

Published
2022

8. Inhibition of ubiquitin-specific protease 7 sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia to chemotherapy

Author

Pierre-Luc Mouchel, Laure David, Jean-Emmanuel Sarry, Véronique Mansat-De Mas, Sarah Bertoli, Maëlle Cartel, Mathilde Gotanègre, Stéphane Manenti, Arnaud Besson, Christine Didier, Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer [Toulouse], Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer [Paris] (LNCC), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire du Contrôle de la Prolifération (LBCMCP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ligue nationale contre le cancer, SEGUIN, Nathalie, and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_treatment, Apoptosis, Mice, SCID, Ubiquitin-Specific Peptidase 7, Transcriptome, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Mice, Inbred NOD, hemic and lymphatic diseases, Tumor Cells, Cultured, RNA, Small Interfering, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Cytarabine, Myeloid leukemia, Hematology, Middle Aged, Prognosis, 3. Good health, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Survival Rate, Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute, Oncology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, Signal Transduction, Cell signalling, medicine.drug, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, Programmed cell death, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Article, Acute myeloid leukaemia, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Biomarkers, Tumor, medicine, Animals, Humans, Cell Proliferation, Chemotherapy, business.industry, Cell growth, Gene Expression Profiling, Gene signature, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, 030104 developmental biology, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, Cell culture, Cancer research, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to therapeutic agents is frequent. Consequently, the mechanisms leading tothis resistance must be understood and addressed. In this paper, we demonstrate that inhibition of deubiquitinylaseUSP7 significantly reduces cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, blocks DNA replication progression and increases celldeath in AML. Transcriptomic dataset analyses reveal that a USP7 gene signature is highly enriched in cells from AMLpatients at relapse, as well as in residual blasts from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models treated with clinically relevantdoses of cytarabine, which indicates a relationship between USP7 expression and resistance to therapy. Accordingly, singlecellanalysis of AML patient samples at relapse versus at diagnosis showed that a gene signature of the pre-existingsubpopulation responsible for relapse is enriched in transcriptomes of patients with a high USP7 level. Furthermore, wefound that USP7 interacts and modulates CHK1 protein levels and functions in AML. Finally, we demonstrated that USP7inhibition acts in synergy with cytarabine to kill AML cell lines and primary cells of patients with high USP7 levels.Altogether, these data demonstrate that USP7 is both a marker of resistance to chemotherapy and a potential therapeutictarget in overcoming resistance to treatment.

Published
2020

9. The INSPIRE research initiative: a program for GeroScience and healthy aging research going from animal models to humans and the healthcare system

Author

Louis Casteilla, Sandrine Andrieu, Pierre Payoux, Isabelle Ader, Cédric Dray, Bruno Vellas, Luc Pénicaud, Roland S. Liblau, Nathalie Vergnolle, P. de Souto Barreto, Yves Rolland, Sophie Guyonnet, Nicolas Fazilleau, Pierre Gourdy, Noélie Davezac, Angelo Parini, Philippe Valet, Claire Rampon, Gérontopôle, Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), STROMALab, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Etablissement Français du Sang-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale (CRCA), Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. (ISCT), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Region Auvergne-Rhone-Alpes, Region Bourgogne-Franche-Comte, Region Hauts-de-France, Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine (Reference number: 1901175), European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Project number: MP0022856), Inspire Chairs of Excellence - Alzheimer Prevention in Occitania and Catalonia (APOC), EDENIS, KORIAN, Pfizer, Pierre-Fabre, SEGUIN, Nathalie, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement Français du Sang-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale - UMR5169 (CRCA), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut Toulousain des Maladies Infectieuses et Inflammatoires (Infinity), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Gerontology, Gerosciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Research program, Biomedical Research, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: Delivery of Health Care, MESH: Geriatrics, Healthy Aging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Animals, Humans, Medicine, MESH: Animals, intrinsic capacity, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthy aging, Aged, MESH: Aged, Geriatrics, MESH: Humans, [SDV.MHEP.GEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Geroscience, business.industry, MESH: Biomedical Research, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Public health, MESH: Healthy Aging, General Medicine, Risk factor (computing), 3. Good health, Integrated care, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Models, Animal, biological aging, Models, Animal, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Translational science, business, Delivery of Health Care
Abstract

International audience; Aging is the most important risk factor for the onset of several chronic diseases and functional decline. Understanding the interplays between biological aging and the biology of diseases and functional loss as well as integrating a function-centered approach to the care pathway of older adults are crucial steps towards the elaboration of preventive strategies (both pharmacological and non-pharmacological) against the onset and severity of burdensome chronic conditions during aging. In order to tackle these two crucial challenges, ie, how both the manipulation of biological aging and the implementation of a function-centered care pathway (the Integrated Care for Older People (ICOPE) model of the World Health Organization) may contribute to the trajectories of healthy aging, a new initiative on Gerosciences was built: the INSPIRE research program. The present article describes the scientific background on which the foundations of the INSPIRE program have been constructed and provides the general lines of this initiative that involves researchers from basic and translational science, clinical gerontology, geriatrics and primary care, and public health.

Published
2020

10. An ESPGHAN Position Paper on the Use of Breath Testing in Paediatric Gastroenterology

Author

Rut Ann Thomassen, Jernej Dolinsek, Carmen Ribes-Koninckx, Erasmo Miele, Christos Tzivinikos, Corina Pienar, Javier Martín-de-Carpi, Emmanuel Mas, Marc A. Benninga, Osvaldo Borrelli, Ilse Broekaert, Mike Thomson, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), University medical centre Maribor (UKC Maribor), Hospital Sant Joan de Déu [Barcelona], Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), 'Federico II' University of Naples Medical School, Victor Babeş University of Medicine and Pharmacy (UMFT), Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe = University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Al Jalila Children's Specialty Hospital, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], SEGUIN, Nathalie, Broekaert, Ilse Julia, Borrelli, Osvaldo, Dolinsek, Jernej, Martin-de-Carpi, Javier, Mas, Emmanuel, Miele, Erasmo, Pienar, Corina, Ribes-Koninckx, Carmen, Thomassen, Rut, Thomson, Mike, Tzivinikos, Christo, Benninga, Marc, and Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Malabsorption, Consensus, Carbohydrate malabsorption, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, MEDLINE, carbohydrate malabsorption, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, Helicobacter pylori infection, Helicobacter Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, children, Internal medicine, Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, medicine, breath testing, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, Child, Children, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, business.industry, Gastroenterology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Hepatology, medicine.disease, [SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, 3. Good health, Fat malabsorption, Breath testing, Systematic review, Breath Tests, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Position paper, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Systematic Reviews as Topic
Abstract

International audience; Objectives: Given a lack of a systematic approach to the use of breath testing in paediatric patients, the aim of this position paper is to provide expert guidance regarding the indications for its use and practical considerations to optimise its utility and safety. Methods: Nine clinical questions regarding methodology, interpretation, and specific indications of breath testing and treatment of carbohydrate malabsorption were addressed by members of the Gastroenterology Committee (GIC) of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN). A systematic literature search was performed from 1983 to 2020 using PubMed, the MEDLINE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was applied to evaluate the outcomes. During a consensus meeting, all recommendations were discussed and finalised. In the absence of evidence from randomised controlled trials, recommendations reflect the expert opinion of the authors. Results: A total of 22 recommendations were voted on using the nominal voting technique. At first, recommendations on prerequisites and preparation for as well as on interpretation of breath tests are given. Then, recommendations on the usefulness of H2-lactose breath testing, H2-fructose breath testing as well as of breath tests for other types of carbohydrate malabsorption are provided. Furthermore, breath testing is recommended to diagnose small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), to control for success of Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy and to diagnose and monitor therapy of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, but not to estimate oro-caecal transit time (OCTT) or to diagnose and follow-up on celiac disease. Conclusions: Breath tests are frequently used in paediatric gastroenterology mainly assessing carbohydrate malabsorption, but also in the diagnosis of small intestinal overgrowth, fat malabsorption, H. pylori infection as well as for measuring gastrointestinal transit times. Interpretation of the results can be challenging and in addition, pertinent symptoms should be considered to evaluate clinical tolerance.

Published
2021

11. Insights into evolution and coexistence of the colibactin- and yersiniabactin secondary metabolite determinants in enterobacterial populations

Author

Monika Stoll, Ulrich Dobrindt, Alexander Wallenstein, Eric Oswald, Rudolf von Bünau, Haleluya Wami, Daniel Sauer, Rolf Müller, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Ardeypharm, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Research Foundation : grant DO789/11-1, German Research Foundation : 281125614/GRK2220, EvoPAD project A3, SEGUIN, Nathalie, and HIPS, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Universitätscampus E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.

Subjects
Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Operon, Secondary Metabolism, secondary metabolite, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Yersiniabactin, cytopathic effect, high pathogenicity island, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Citrobacter, polyketide, Enterobacteriaceae, Phenols, Klebsiella, Gene cluster, medicine, Escherichia coli, Humans, Gene, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Escherichia coli Proteins, General Medicine, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Thiazoles, chemistry, Polyketides, Horizontal gene transfer, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Peptides, Mutagens
Abstract

The bacterial genotoxin colibactin interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle by causing dsDNA breaks. It has been linked to bacterially induced colorectal cancer in humans. Colibactin is encoded by a 54 kb genomic region in Enterobacteriaceae . The colibactin genes commonly co-occur with the yersiniabactin biosynthetic determinant. Investigating the prevalence and sequence diversity of the colibactin determinant and its linkage to the yersiniabactin operon in prokaryotic genomes, we discovered mainly species-specific lineages of the colibactin determinant and classified three main structural settings of the colibactin–yersiniabactin genomic region in Enterobacteriaceae . The colibactin gene cluster has a similar but not identical evolutionary track to that of the yersiniabactin operon. Both determinants could have been acquired on several occasions and/or exchanged independently between enterobacteria by horizontal gene transfer. Integrative and conjugative elements play(ed) a central role in the evolution and structural diversity of the colibactin–yersiniabactin genomic region. Addition of an activating and regulating module (clbAR) to the biosynthesis and transport module (clbB-S) represents the most recent step in the evolution of the colibactin determinant. In a first attempt to correlate colibactin expression with individual lineages of colibactin determinants and different bacterial genetic backgrounds, we compared colibactin expression of selected enterobacterial isolates in vitro. Colibactin production in the tested Klebsiella species and Citrobacter koseri strains was more homogeneous and generally higher than that in most of the Escherichia coli isolates studied. Our results improve the understanding of the diversity of colibactin determinants and its expression level, and may contribute to risk assessment of colibactin-producing enterobacteria.

Published
2021

12. Differentiating iron-loading anemias using a newly developed and analytically validated ELISA for human serum erythroferrone

Author

Rachel P. L. van Swelm, Dorine W. Swinkels, Laura E. Diepeveen, Léon Kautz, Rian Roelofs, Nicolai Grebenchtchikov, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), E.C. Noyons foundation, Radboud University [Nijmegen], and SEGUIN, Nathalie

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Ineffective erythropoiesis, Erythroblasts, Physiology, Peptide Hormones, medicine.disease_cause, Matrix (chemical analysis), Mathematical and Statistical Techniques, 0302 clinical medicine, Sideroblastic anemia, Animal Cells, Red Blood Cells, Medicine and Health Sciences, Erythropoiesis, Enzyme-Linked Immunoassays, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Chemistry, Statistics, Drugs, food and beverages, Anemia, Hematology, Middle Aged, Erythroferrone, Body Fluids, Women's cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 17], 3. Good health, Blood, Physical Sciences, Regression Analysis, Cytokines, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, Cellular Types, Research Article, Adult, Analyte, Iron Overload, [SDV.SP.MED] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Iron, Science, Bone Marrow Cells, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Linear Regression Analysis, Research and Analysis Methods, Blood Plasma, 03 medical and health sciences, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Hepcidins, [SDV.SP.MED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Medication, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Hepcidin, medicine, Humans, Statistical Methods, Immunoassays, Aged, Pharmacology, Blood Cells, Heparin, beta-Thalassemia, fungi, Biology and Life Sciences, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Hematopoiesis, Anemia, Sideroblastic, Renal disorders Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 11], 030104 developmental biology, Polyclonal antibodies, Immunologic Techniques, biology.protein, Physiological Processes, Mathematics, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Erythroferrone (ERFE), the erythroid regulator of iron metabolism, inhibits hepcidin to increase iron availability for erythropoiesis. ERFE plays a pathological role during ineffective erythropoiesis as occurs in X-linked sideroblastic anemia (XLSA) and β-thalassemia. Its measurement might serve as an indicator of severity for these diseases. However, for reliable quantification of ERFE analytical characterization is indispensable to determine the assay’s limitations and define proper methodology. We developed a sandwich ELISA for human serum ERFE using polyclonal antibodies and report its extensive analytical validation. This new assay showed, for the first time, the differentiation of XLSA and β-thalassemia major patients from healthy controls (p = 0.03) and from each other (p2 = 0.83). Nevertheless, employment of one optimal dilution of all serum samples is warranted to obtain reliable results. When adequately performed, the assay can be used to further unravel the human erythropoiesis-hepcidin-iron axis in various disorders and assess the added diagnostic value of ERFE.

Published
2021

13. Incidence and Risk Factors of Cancer in the Anal Transitional Zone and Ileal Pouch following Surgery for Ulcerative Colitis and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis

Author

Guillaume Le Cosquer, Etienne Buscail, Cyrielle Gilletta, Céline Deraison, Jean-Pierre Duffas, Barbara Bournet, Géraud Tuyeras, Nathalie Vergnolle, Louis Buscail, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), and SEGUIN, Nathalie

Subjects
Cancer Research, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], anal transitional zone cancer, high grade dysplasia, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, [SDV.CAN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.CAN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cancer, Oncology, ileal pouch, familial adenomatous polyposis, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, RC254-282, ulcerative colitis
Abstract

International audience; Proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the intervention of choice for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis requiring surgery. One of the long-term complications is pouch cancer, having a poor prognosis. The risk of high-grade dysplasia and cancer in the anal transitional zone and ileal pouch after 20 years is estimated to be 2 to 4.5% and 3 to 10% in ulcerative colitis and familial polyposis, respectively. The risk factors for ulcerative colitis are the presence of pre-operative dysplasia or cancer, disease duration > 10 years and severe villous atrophy. For familial polyposis, the risk factors are the number of pre-operative polyps > 1000, surgery with stapled anastomosis and the duration of follow-up. In the case of ulcerative colitis, a pouchoscopy should be performed annually if one of the following is present: dysplasia and cancer at surgery, primary sclerosing cholangitis, villous atrophy and active pouchitis (every 5 years without any of these factors). In the case of familial polyposis, endoscopy is recommended every year including chromoendoscopy. Even if anal transitional zone and ileal pouch cancers seldom occur following proctectomy for ulcerative colitis and familial adenomatous polyposis, the high mortality rate associated with this complication warrants endoscopic monitoring.

Published
2022

14. Uropathogenic E. coli induces DNA damage in the bladder

Author

Nicolas Cenac, Céline Besson, Camille V. Chagneau, Christophe Fremez, Marie-Paule Roth, Hélène Coppin, Eric Oswald, Ayaka Shima, Jean-Philippe Nougayrède, Patricia E. M. Martin, Pauline Le Faouder, Clémence Massip, Jean-Paul Motta, Nadège Bossuet-Greif, Maxime Fontanie, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Enterosys, VibioSphen, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), ANR-17-CE35-0010,UTI-TOUL,Récentes avancées dans la pathogénicité de Escherichia coli : nouvelles cibles pour des approches antivirulence et immunomodulation dans les infections urinaires(2017), ANR-18-CE14-0039,LiBacPain,Les lipopeptides produits par le microbiote : de l'hypersensibilité à la thérapie dans le syndrome de l'intestin irritable(2018), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène [CHU Toulouse] (Hôpital Purpan), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, SEGUIN, Nathalie, Récentes avancées dans la pathogénicité de Escherichia coli : nouvelles cibles pour des approches antivirulence et immunomodulation dans les infections urinaires - - UTI-TOUL2017 - ANR-17-CE35-0010 - AAPG2017 - VALID, and APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Les lipopeptides produits par le microbiote : de l'hypersensibilité à la thérapie dans le syndrome de l'intestin irritable - - LiBacPain2018 - ANR-18-CE14-0039 - AAPG2018 - VALID

Subjects
Male, Bacterial Diseases, Topography, Colorectal cancer, Physiology, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Urine, medicine.disease_cause, [SDV.BBM.BM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, urologic and male genital diseases, Biochemistry, Mice, Medical Conditions, Immunofluorescence Staining, Medicine and Health Sciences, Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, Biology (General), Escherichia coli Infections, Islands, Staining, 0303 health sciences, Mice, Inbred C3H, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, Nucleic acids, Infectious Diseases, Oncology, Urinary Tract Infections, Female, Anatomy, Research Article, DNA damage, QH301-705.5, Urinary system, Bladder, Urinary Bladder, Context (language use), Biology, Research and Analysis Methods, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Genetics, Animals, Humans, Progenitor cell, Escherichia coli, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Colorectal Cancer, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, Landforms, Bladder cancer, 030306 microbiology, Biology and Life Sciences, Cancers and Neoplasms, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Geomorphology, Renal System, DNA, RC581-607, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Specimen Preparation and Treatment, Polyketides, Earth Sciences, Immunologic diseases. Allergy, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Urothelium, Peptides, Genotoxicity, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Mutagens
Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common outpatient infections, with a lifetime incidence of around 60% in women. We analysed urine samples from 223 patients with community-acquired UTIs and report the presence of the cleavage product released during the synthesis of colibactin, a bacterial genotoxin, in 55 of the samples examined. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from these patients, as well as the archetypal E. coli strain UTI89, were found to produce colibactin. In a murine model of UTI, the machinery producing colibactin was expressed during the early hours of the infection, when intracellular bacterial communities form. We observed extensive DNA damage both in umbrella and bladder progenitor cells. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of colibactin production in UTIs in humans and its genotoxicity in bladder cells., Author summary Colibactin is a bacterial genotoxin suspected of being involved in cancer. So far, the focus has been on colorectal cancer following asymptomatic intestinal carriage of genotoxic Escherichia coli. Here, we show for the first time that this genotoxin is produced in humans, by detecting it in the urine of patients suffering from urinary tract infections. We subsequently show in a rodent UTI model the genotoxic activity of colibactin in the bladder, including in regenerative cells. These results raise the hypothesis of a role of UTI in bladder cancer, which could be an interesting perspective for future investigation.

Published
2020

15. Characterization and Validation of a Chronic Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome in Rats

Author

Céline Augé, Xavier Gamé, Nathalie Vergnolle, Philippe Lluel, Sophie Chabot, SEGUIN, Nathalie, Urosphère SAS, Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Banque Publique d’Investissement (BPI), ANEXPLO platforms, UROsphere S.A.S., Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Faculte des Sciences Pharmaceutiques, and CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cyclophosphamide, Gabapentin, Inflammation, bladder inflammation, Disease, urologic and male genital diseases, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, interstitial cystitis, Internal medicine, medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Survival rate, preclinical model, Original Research, Pharmacology, business.industry, lcsh:RM1-950, Interstitial cystitis, Visceral pain, Chronic Cystitis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Therapeutics. Pharmacology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, cyclophosphamide, bladder pain syndrome, visceral pain, medicine.symptom, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, medicine.drug
Abstract

Interstitial cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by visceral pain and voiding symptoms. IC/BPS is still an unsolved enigma with ineffective diagnosis criteria and treatment. A main limitation in IC/BPS understanding is the lack of appropriate preclinical model. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is commonly used as an experimental model for IC/BPS in rodent. However, the proposed models are very aggressive, contrasting with what occurs in clinic, and often associated with severe toxicity and high mortality rate. In addition, visceral pain, the hallmark symptom of IC/BPS, has been validated in only few of them. In this study, we developed a chronic model of CYP-induced IC/BPS in female rat. In our protocol, no severe weight loss occurred and the survival rate was 100%. In accordance to human pathology, chronic CYP-injected rats developed severe painful behavior whereas only sparse inflammation was observed. Inflammatory response was characterized by bladder edema and focal urothelial damage but absence of massive infiltrate. This chronic model showed persistent symptoms indicative for a central sensitization mechanism. We further demonstrate that CYP-induced chronic visceral pain was significantly reduced by curative treatment with clinically relevant compounds (gabapentin, ibuprofen, and Ialuril ®). We therefore developed and validated a rat model of chronic cystitis that shares strong similarity with human non-ulcerative IC/BPS features without overtly affecting the animal health. This model will thus provide mechanistic insights of the disease and help to evaluate therapeutic agents for IC/BPS.

Published
2020

16. Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in the Treatment of Perianal Fistulas in Crohn’s Disease: Rationale, Clinical Results and Perspectives

Author

Laetitia Bugarel, Barbara Bournet, Marine Lebrin, Etienne Buscail, Louis Buscail, Fabian Gross, Céline Deraison, Guillaume Le Cosquer, Cyrielle Gilletta, Nathalie Vergnolle, Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre d'investigation clinique de Toulouse (CIC 1436), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Pôle Santé publique et médecine publique [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), and SEGUIN, Nathalie

Subjects
Crohn’s disease, Pathology, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Fistula, Adipose tissue, Review, 0302 clinical medicine, Crohn Disease, allogenic stem cells, Biology (General), Spectroscopy, Clinical Trials as Topic, 0303 health sciences, Crohn's disease, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Stem Cells, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Computer Science Applications, Chemistry, Adipose Tissue, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.medical_specialty, Stromal cell, QH301-705.5, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Catalysis, Inorganic Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, Paracrine signalling, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], medicine, Animals, Humans, Rectal Fistula, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, QD1-999, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, mesenchymal stem cells, business.industry, Organic Chemistry, Mesenchymal stem cell, perianal fistula, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, adipose-derived stem cells, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Stem Cell Transplantation, Homing (hematopoietic)
Abstract

International audience; Between 20 to 25% of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients suffer from perianal fistulas, a marker of disease severity. Seton drainage combined with anti-TNFα can result in closure of the fistula in 70 to 75% of patients. For the remaining 25% of patients there is room for in situ injection of autologous or allogenic mesenchymal stem cells such as adipose-derived stem/stromal cells (ADSCs). ADSCs exert their effects on tissues and effector cells through paracrine phenomena, including the secretome and extracellular vesicles. They display anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, pro-angiogenic, proliferative, and immunomodulatory properties, and a homing within the damaged tissue. They also have immuno-evasive properties allowing a clinical allogeneic approach. Numerous clinical trials have been conducted that demonstrate a complete cure rate of anoperineal fistulas in CD ranging from 46 to 90% of cases after in situ injection of autologous or allogenic ADSCs. A pivotal phase III-controlled trial using allogenic ADSCs (Alofisel®) demonstrated that prolonged clinical and radiological remission can be obtained in nearly 60% of cases with a good safety profile. Future studies should be conducted for a better knowledge of the local effect of ADSCs as well as for a standardization in terms of the number of injections and associated procedures.

Published
2021

17. Gut microbiome, endocrine control of gut barrier function and metabolic diseases

Author

Patrice D. Cani, Marion Régnier, Matthias Van Hul, Claude Knauf, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Associated Laboratory NeuroMicrobiota (INSERM/UCL), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Fonds Baillet Latour (Grant for Medical Research 2015), Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (FNRS, FRFS-WELBIO: WELBIO-CR-2019C-02R), ANR-18-CE14-0007,ENDIABAC,LE SYSTEME NERVEUX ENTERIQUE COMME CIBLE POUR TRAITER LE DIABETE DE TYPE 2 : ROLES DES LIPIDES BIOACTIFS BACTERIENS(2018), NeuroMicrobiota, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), SEGUIN, Nathalie, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - LE SYSTEME NERVEUX ENTERIQUE COMME CIBLE POUR TRAITER LE DIABETE DE TYPE 2 : ROLES DES LIPIDES BIOACTIFS BACTERIENS - - ENDIABAC2018 - ANR-18-CE14-0007 - AAPG2018 - VALID, and UCL - SSS/LDRI - Louvain Drug Research Institute

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.MHEP.PHY] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Inflammation, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Type 2 diabetes, Gut microbiota, Overweight, Gut flora, digestive system, Permeability, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Gut barrier, medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PHY]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Tissues and Organs [q-bio.TO], Animals, Humans, Obesity, Intestinal Mucosa, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, biology, Diabetes, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Hormones, Diet, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, 3. Good health, Diabetes and Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Gastrointestinal Absorption, Immunology, medicine.symptom, Function (biology), [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

International audience; Overweight and obesity are associated with several cardiometabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, low-grade inflammation and liver diseases. The gut microbiota is a potential contributing factor regulating energy balance. However, although the scientific community acknowledges that the gut microbiota composition and its activity (e.g. production of metabolites and immune-related compounds) are different between healthy subjects and subjects with overweight/obesity, the causality remains insufficiently demonstrated. The development of low-grade inflammation and related metabolic disorders has been connected with metabolic endotoxaemia and increased gut permeability. However, the mechanisms acting on the regulation of the gut barrier and eventually cardiometabolic disorders are not fully elucidated. In this review, we debate several characteristics of the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and metabolic outcomes. We examine the role of specific dietary compounds or nutrients (e.g. prebiotics, probiotics, polyphenols, sweeteners, and a fructose-rich diet) as well as different metabolites produced by the microbiota in host metabolism, and we discuss how they control several endocrine functions and eventually have either beneficial or deleterious effects on host health.

Published
2021

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