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The main purpose of this study is to examine household saving behaviour in the district of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Data for this study was conducted through a survey questionnaire and questionnaires were distributed among 400 households of district Peshawar town III. The data was analyzed through the ordinary least square method using SPSS 26. Weighted least square (WLS) was used for estimation. The study explored that there is a strong link between household savings and planned variables. The results show that the total income of households has a direct and significant relationship with the savings of the households, so the result goes with the Keynesian theory of income and saving. Furthermore, a number of adult equivalence and debt have positive and significantly related to household saving in district Peshawar, whereas the dependency ratio has a negative but significant relationship with household saving in the study area which means that when a number of dependents in a family increases the rate of saving of that family decreases. The study suggests that the government of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa should increase employment opportunities for those who depend on their family.

23 p.-2 tab., Stem borers (Lepidoptera) are common cereal pests. In many parts of the world, the species Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides stand out as important insect pests of economically important crops such as maize. Their management relied mainly on transgenic host plant resistance over the last 25 years. Technologies based on the insecticidal properties of Bacillus thuringiensis-derived proteins allowed widespread pest population suppression, especially for O. nubilalis. However, the recent discovery of Bt resistance, which has revitalized interest in both pests’ biology and management, may jeopardize the effectiveness of such transgenic technologies. Historical information on O. nubilalis bionomy may need to be reassessed in light of changing climate conditions and changing agricultural practices, as well as increased production of alternate host crops across its distribution range. The current paper examines the bioecology and historical research that has been conducted to manage these two important maize-boring pests.

BACKGROUND: Self-esteem is an essential personality trait in nursing professionals and nursing students need to have a high self-esteem and effective coping strategies to be successful in their future career. AIM: This study aimed to assess the relationship between the level of self-esteem and the stress coping strategies, used by internship nursing students (intern-nurses), at the completion of their internship training. METHODS: A descriptive correlational cross-sectional design was used to measure self-esteem and identify the stress coping strategies of intern-nurses at Alexandria University. Data were collected with a self-administered questionnaire, including the Rosenberg self-esteem scale and the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Brief COPE). The questionnaire was distributed to all intern-nurses (273 intern-nurses) during their last rotation in the internship training. In total, 150 completed the survey, resulting in 54.9% response rate. SPSS software was used for the analysis. RESULTS: In total, 150 intern-nurses participated in the study. The majority of the sample had a moderate to high self-esteem, and the mean total self-esteem was 29.21/40 ± 4.44. The most frequently used coping strategy was problem-solving, followed by social support, positive thinking, and lastly an avoidance coping strategy. There was a positive correlation between self-esteem with both the problem-solving and social support coping strategies. However, there was a negative correlation between the self-esteem score and the avoidance coping strategy. CONCLUSION: The majority of the sample had a moderate to high self-esteem and they use problem-solving and social support coping strategies to manage stress. Intern-nurses with a high self-esteem cope positively and effectively with stress. Conversely, intern-nurses with a low self-esteem cope negatively with stress. Counseling and stress intervention programs are essential to promote nursing students self-esteem and assist them to develop positive and active stress coping strategies.

Background: Cutaneous appendageal tumours belong to a diverse group of tumours with specific histo pathology.The aim of this study is to determine the pattern, age,gender and site distribution of Pilar differentiation tumours. Material & Methods: The study was conducted in the department of Pathology,Government Medical College Srinagar for a period of 18 months. It was an observational cross sectional study.Formalin fixed,paraffin embedded tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain for histopathological analysis. Results: A total of 112 cases of Pilar tumours were studied.108 were benign and 4 were malignant with male to female ratio of 1.07:1. The maximum number of benign cases were observed in 11 -20 years of age group and the malignant tumours age ranges from 35-45 years and the tumour usually presented in the eighth decade.Head and Neck was the most common site. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of Pilar Tumours is the gold standard to differentiate between benign and malignant tumours. It is also useful for exact categorization of cutaneous appendageal tumours.

Large vessel occlusion stroke due to underlying intracranial atherosclerotic disease (ICAD-LVO) is prevalent in 10 to 30% of LVOs depending on patient factors such as vascular risk factors, race and ethnicity, and age. Patients with ICAD-LVO derive similar functional outcome benefit from endovascular thrombectomy as other mechanisms of LVO, but up to half of ICAD-LVO patients reocclude after revascularization. Therefore, early identification and treatment planning for ICAD-LVO are important given the unique considerations before, during, and after endovascular thrombectomy. In this review of ICAD-LVO, we propose a multistep approach to ICAD-LVO identification, pretreatment and endovascular thrombectomy considerations, adjunctive medications, and medical management. There have been no large-scale randomized controlled trials dedicated to studying ICAD-LVO, therefore this review focuses on observational studies.

Abstract: It is estimated that viral infections contribute 15-20% of all human cancers. Several types of human papillomaviruse (HPV) are related to the development of many cancer types and their treatment. About 200 HPV viruses have been identified, and each type of virus is integrated with a certain type of clinical lesions affecting the areas of skin and mucous membranes. Infections associated with HPV are known to cause multiple cancer types such as uterine cancer, cervical, vaginal carcinoma, and other varieties of carcinomas such as genital and oropharyngeal, penile, and short-lived carcinomas. Most of the HPV types are considered as high-risk mutants that can provoke cervical cancer in females in addition to significant contribution to other cancer types such as anogenital cancer and tumor in head and neck regions. Among them, high risk human papilloma viruses (HR-HPV) subtypes 16 and 18 play a major role in the etiology of cervical cancer worldwide. Although, cervical cancer incidence and fatality rates vary greatly depending on geographical area, it is the leading cause of mortality in women around the world. In addition, it is epidemiologically similar to a sexually transmitted disease of low infectivity. In this review article, the association of HPV with different types of cancers have been explained, but the main focus remains on cervical cancer.

The Arab Organization for Industrial Development and Mining affiliated to the League of Arab States launched the International Forum for Halal Accreditation Bodies, as an Arab innovative initiative in the Halal industry inspired by the UAE Halal initiative, which in turn leads international efforts towards the globalization of the Halal industry aimed at strengthening Dubai's position as the global capital of the Islamic economy. In line with the technological development and digital transformation that the world is witnessing today, and in line with the Emirati initiative to globalize the Halal industry, HLC Technologies has launched the HalalChain platform, which specializes in tracking the Halal industry, based on Blockchain technology, at the company's headquarters in Dubai. It is a smart, decentralized platform, based on "Blockchain" technology and "Internet of Things", to enable entities, institutions and companies to track all stages of food production, processing and distribution, and to track the production of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics across all elements of the supply chain, to ensure safety and compliance. All health standards and controls. The study aims to demonstrate the role of digitization in improving productivity and promoting economic growth, and its role in spreading the globalization of the Halal industry. The study also highlights the importance of the Halal Chain platform in facilitating the process of trade exchange and strengthening the role of the state in the field of industry and trade, The study concluded that the Halal Chain platform is not only a platform for tracking products, but rather a comprehensive Islamic system on the Block Chain.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Vessel recanalization after cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is associated with favorable outcomes and lower mortality. Several studies examined the timing and predictors of recanalization after CVT with mixed results. We aimed to investigate predictors and timing of recanalization after CVT. METHODS We used data from the multicenter, international AntiCoagulaTION in the Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis (ACTION-CVT) study of consecutive patients with CVT from January 2015 to December 2020. Our analysis included patients that had undergone repeat venous neuroimaging more than 30 days after initiation of anticoagulation treatment. Prespecified variables were included in univariate and multivariable analyses to identify independent predictors of failure to recanalize. RESULTS Among the 551 patients (mean age, 44.4±16.2 years, 66.2% women) that met inclusion criteria, 486 (88.2%) had complete or partial, and 65 (11.8%) had no recanalization. The median time to first follow-up imaging study was 110 days (interquartile range, 60-187). In multivariable analysis, older age (odds ratio [OR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.03-1.07), male sex (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.24-0.80), and lack of parenchymal changes on baseline imaging (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.29-0.96) were associated with no recanalization. The majority of improvement in recanalization (71.1%) occurred before 3 months from initial diagnosis. A high percentage of complete recanalization (59.0%) took place within the first 3 months after CVT diagnosis. CONCLUSION Older age, male sex, and lack of parenchymal changes were associated with no recanalization after CVT. The majority recanalization occurred early in the disease course suggesting limited further recanalization with anticoagulation beyond 3 months. Large prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of limited English proficiency (LEP) on neurocognitive profiles. Method: Romanian (LEP-RO; n = 59) and Arabic (LEP-AR; n = 30) native speakers were compared to Canadian native speakers of English (NSE; n = 24) on a strategically selected battery of neuropsychological tests. Results: As predicted, participants with LEP demonstrated significantly lower performance on tests with high verbal mediation relative to US norms and the NSE sample (large effects). In contrast, several tests with low verbal mediation were robust to LEP. However, clinically relevant deviations from this general pattern were observed. The level of English proficiency varied significantly within the LEP-RO and was associated with a predictable performance pattern on tests with high verbal mediation. Conclusions: The heterogeneity in cognitive profiles among individuals with LEP challenges the notion that LEP status is a unitary construct. The level of verbal mediation is an imperfect predictor of the performance of LEP examinees during neuropsychological testing. Several commonly used measures were identified that are robust to the deleterious effects of LEP. Administering tests in the examinee’s native language may not be the optimal solution to contain the confounding effect of LEP in cognitive evaluations.

Since each person has a different ability to break down alcohol, it is inappropriate to apply a uniform standard to everyone when evaluating drinking status. In Korea, there has been a guideline for moderate drinking based not only on sex and age but Koreans’ alcohol metabolism capabilities that can be predicted by presence of facial flushing response. So far, there have been no studies that have investigated drinking habits of Koreans in accordance with the guideline. This study tried to identify the current drinking status of Koreans according to the guideline. As a result, it was confirmed that about 1/3 of the total population was accompanied by facial flushing when drinking alcohol, and it was found that different drinking habits were shown even in the same age and gender groups according to the presence of facial flushing. It is difficult to accurately evaluate drinking habits because facial flushing has not yet been investigated in some large data or various medical examinations. In the future, it is necessary to ensure that the presence of facial flushing can be confirmed at the medical treatment or examination site so that accurate drinking habit evaluation and prevention and resolution of drinking problems can be achieved.

The objective of this work was to study fresh concrete flow in the L-box test, predict the final deposit shape after flow stoppage and estimate the yield stress. This is very useful for controlling concrete casting in real structures, detecting problems and developing solutions on time. Concrete rheometers used for measuring the rheological parameters of concrete are expensive, not always available and can lead to measurement disparity. To overcome these issues, an effective method is to analyse concrete flow phenomena physically and solve the problem analytically based on L-box measurements. In the first part of this work, fresh concrete was considered as a homogeneous yield stress fluid moving under the effect of its self-weight. By developing momentum equations for an incompressible fluid, a theoretical approach was used to study three probable final shapes depending on the concrete rheology. Expressions were established for predicting the final shape and the yield stress. In the second part, the results obtained were compared with those of previous models and good agreement was found, thus validating the proposed approach. This study provides a consolidation of rheometer results, allowing evaluation and perhaps a calibration to reinforce their validity.

A Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA 2) approach for solving the multi-objective Environmental / Economic Power Dispatch (EEPD) problem is presented in this paper. In the past fuel cost consumption minimization was the aim (a single objective function) of economic power dispatch problem. Since the clean air act amendments have been applied to reduce SO2 and NOX emissions from power plants, the utilities change their strategies in order to reduce pollution and atmospheric emission as well, adding emission minimization as other objective function made economic power dispatch (EPD) a multi-objective problem having conflicting objectives. SPEA2 is the improved version of SPEA with better fitness assignment, density estimation, and modified archive truncation. In addition fuzzy set theory is employed to extract the best compromise solution. Several optimization run of the proposed method are carried out on 3-units system and 6-units standard IEEE 30-bus test system. The results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method to generate well-distributed Pareto-optimal non-dominated feasible solutions in single run. The comparison with other multi-objective methods demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method.

The effect of zinc was studied on isolated frog gastrocnemius muscle wich was stimulated directly or indirectly and perfused with frog Ringer containing calcium(Ca2+) or deplated of Ca2 +. N.ischiadicus-gastrocnemius muscles were obtained from 15 frogs. Isometric force generated in response to supramaximal electrical stimulation was measured with a transducer and peak tension(Pt), contraction time(CT) and total contraction time(TCT) were analyzed by a polygraphic system and a computer. Zinc increased Pt in a concentration dependent manner, but no change was observed in er and total contraction time. We suggested that zinc might affect the striated muscle by intracellular mechanism(s).

Background: Effective pain management is negatively influenced by inadequate evaluation of postoperative pain. To increase the therapeutic benefit and reduce medication side effects, the regular assessment of medication use enables appropriate and rational adaptations to be made to present prescribing patterns. Objective: To identify the Prescribing pattern of analgesics in postoperative patients. Materials and Methods: A prospective Observational Study was conducted for a period of 6 months by analyzing case sheets of patients those who have undergone surgery in orthopedics and general surgery departments. The data regarding prescription of analgesics, preferred route of administration and mono/multi drug therapy were collected. Results: Paracetamol (39.7%) was the most frequently prescribed analgesics followed by tramadol (38.2%) in general surgery and diclofenac (29.8%) was the commonly prescribed analgesic followed by paracetamol (27%) in orthopaedics through parenteral routes. Conclusion: Postoperative pain can be managed with NSAIDs such as paracetamol, diclofenac and combination of non-opioids and weak opioids such as tramadol. The intensity of pain in post-operative period after treatment with analgesics was severe to mild as per the NRS. Keywords: Analgesics, Post-operative pain, Prescription pattern, General surgery, Orthopedics

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) can manifest as diverse clinical phenotypes and is frequently caused by mutations in different genes, complicating differential diagnosis. This underlines the urgent need for valid biomarkers. Altered lysosomal and immune functions proposedly contribute to FTD pathogenesis. Cathepsins, including cathepsin S, are enzymes preferentially expressed in brain in microglia, which influence lysosomal and immune function. Here, we examined whether alterations in serum cathepsin S levels associate with specific clinical, genetic, or neuropathological FTD subgroups, but no such alterations were observed. However, further research on other lysosomal proteins may reveal new biologically relevant biomarkers in FTD.

A new pathogenic Colletotrichum species was isolated from chayote (Sicyos edulis) leaves and fruit presenting typical anthracnose symptoms from fields in Ibirité (Minas Gerais state) and Tijucas (Santa Catarina state), Brazil. The species Colletotrichum menezesiae sp. nov. is described and illustrated. Multilocus phylogenetic analyses based on combined ACT, GAPDH, nrITS and TUB2 partial sequences revealed that Colletotrichum isolates from chayote form a distinct clade within the C. orbiculare species complex. This clade does not contain the ex-type of any species previously described and is also recognized as an independent lineage according to the GCPSR criteria.

S-ryhmän luontojalanjälki -hanke käynnistyi vuoden 2022 alussa ja tässä väliraportissa esitellään ensimmäisiä välituloksia. S-ryhmän arvoketjun ja oman toiminnan luontojalanjälki on laskettu käyttäen Jyväskylän yliopiston resurssiviisausyhteisön, JYU.Wisdomin, kehittämää laskentamenetelmää. Väliraportissa kuvataan laskentamenetelmän perusteet. Tulokset on raportoitu erikseen päivittäistavarakaupalle, käyttötavarakaupalle, tavaratalokaupalle, polttoaineille ja matkailu- ja ravintola-alalle vuodelta 2020 sekä organisaation omalle toiminnalle vuodelta 2021. Luontojalanjäljen mittarina käytetään osuutta lajeista, jotka ovat riskissä kuolla sukupuuttoon globaalisti (potentially disappeared fraction of species, PDF). Luontojalanjäljen laskenta osoitti, että S-ryhmä lisää globaalia sukupuuttoriskiä 0,0027 prosentille maaekosysteemien lajeista, 0,00037 prosentille makean veden ekosysteemien lajeista ja 0,011 prosentille meriekosysteemien lajeista. Arvoketju muodosti 94 prosenttia maaekosysteemeihin, 92 prosenttia makean veden ekosysteemeihin ja yli 99 prosenttia meriekosysteemeihin kohdistuvasta luontojalanjäljestä. S-ryhmän oma toiminta muodosti 6 prosenttia maaekosysteemeihin, 8 prosenttia makean veden ekosysteemeihin ja alle 1 prosentin meriekosysteemeihin kohdistuvasta luontojalanjäljestä. Yleisesti elintarvikkeet ja polttoaineet muodostivat suurimmat luontojalanjäljet. Laskentamallin mukaan globaalista luontojalanjäljestä alle 10 prosenttia kohdistui Suomeen, eli yli 90 prosenttia luontojalanjäljestä kohdistui Suomen ulkopuolelle. Toisaalta luontohaittaa aiheuttavista suorista ajureista, kuten maankäytöstä ja saasteista, 50–70 prosenttia kohdistui Suomeen. Väliraportin tulokset ovat alustavia ja ne voivat täsmentyä laskentamenetelmän kehittyessä. Väliraportin lopussa kuvataan laskentamenetelmän kehitystarpeita ja hankkeen seuraavat työvaiheet. S-ryhmän luontojalanjäljen laskenta viitoittaa tietä koko Suomen yrityskentälle. Laskennassa käytetty mittari kokoaa erilaisille lajeille aiheutetun sukupuuttoriskin yhden mittayksikön alle hiilijalanjäljen tavoin ja mahdollistaa erilaisten yritysten luontojalanjäljen kansainvälisen vertailun. Laskennan pohjalta voidaan asettaa strategisia tavoitteita luontojalanjäljen pienentämiseksi ja luontopositiivisuuden saavuttamiseksi. This intermediate report represents the first preliminary results of the biodiversity footprint assessment of S Group, initiated in 2022. The biodiversity footprint of S Group’s value chain and own operations was calculated by using a method developed by the School of Resource Wisdom, JYU.Wisdom. The basics of the method are described in the report. Results are reported for groceries, consumer durables, department stores, fuels, and hotel and restaurant services from the year 2021, and for S Group’s own operations from the year 2020. Biodiversity footprint was measured as the potentially disappeared fraction of species globally. The results showed that the biodiversity footprint of S Group increases global extinction risk for 0.0027% of species in terrestrial ecosystems, 0.00037% of species in freshwater ecosystems, and 0.011% of species in marine ecosystems. The value chain contributed to 94% of the total biodiversity footprint on terrestrial ecosystems, 92% on freshwater ecosystems and over 99% on marine ecosystems. On the other hand, S Group’s own operations contributed to 6% of the total biodiversity footprint on terrestrial ecosystems, 8% on freshwater ecosystems and less than 1% on marine ecosystems. Generally, groceries and fuels caused the largest biodiversity footprints. According to the assessment model, less than 10% of the biodiversity footprint was located in Finland, i.e., more than 90% of the biodiversity footprint was located outside of Finland. On the other hand, 50–70% of the direct drivers of biodiversity loss, such as land use and pollution, were located in Finland. The results of the report are preliminary, and they may be specified when the method is developed further. The development needs of the method and the next phases of the project are described at the end of the report. The biodiversity footprint assessment of S Group leads the way for all organizations in Finland. The indicator used in the assessment combines the extinction of various species under one indicator, similar to carbon footprints, and makes it possible to compare the biodiversity footprint of different organizations internationally. The assessment shows that it is possible to set measurable, strategic goals to mitigate the biodiversity footprint and to achieve nature positive operations.