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Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Atrial High Rates Episodes (AHRE) are associated with progression to clinical atrial fibrillation (AF), stroke, increased risk of MACE and increased mortality (1-4). Although oral anticoagulation should be initiated in patients with CHADs-VASc score ≥ 2 and episode duration ≥ 24h, treatment of AHRE with antiarrhythmics was not investigated so far. Purpose This study aimed to assess the effects of antiarrhythmic treatment on AHRE and its impact on the progression to clinical AF and AHRE burden. Methods This study included patients with AHRE duration ≥ 24h detected by dual-chamber pacemakers, without a previous diagnosis of AF and treatment with antiarrhythmics. Nominal settings with high atrial rate criterion programmed to 200 beats/min were used for AHRE detection. Patients were randomized to the Intervention (n=169) and Control Group (n=138). Patients in the Intervention Group received antiarrhythmic treatment (Ic antiarrhythmics (n=54), beta-blockers (n=58) and amiodarone (n=57)). The primary endpoint was progression to clinical AF and the secondary endpoint was AHRE burden. Results A total of 307 were included in the study, with a mean age of 71.4±8.15, 166 (54.07%) females and a mean follow-up 20.84±5.04 months. The baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between groups. During the follow-up, 50 patients (36.23%) from the Control group developed clinical AF. In groups of patients treated with Ic antiarrhythmics, beta-blockers and amiodarone, clinical AF developed in 11 (20.37%), 25 (25.86%) and 5 (8.77%) patients, respectively (p Conclusion Initiating antiarrhythmics for AHRE episodes leads to a lower AHRE burden and progression to clinical AF. Randomized clinical trials are needed to investigate further the early antiarrhythmic treatment of AHRE without clinical AF.

Background It has been recently suggested that more than 15% of patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) lack any of the standard modifiable risk factors (cigarette smoking, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension -SMuRFs). This claim implies that other factors play a significant role in development of STEMI and has led to considerable interest in genetic causes of coronary heart disease including family history (FHx) Purpose To investigate whether FHx may be a significant driver for STEMI in patients without SMuRFs. Methods We analyzed 11,840 patients with ACSs, without evidence of prior cardiovascular disease (CVD) enrolled in the ISACS-TC (International Survey of Acute Coronary Syndromes in Transitional Countries) registry between January 2010 to January 2021. Main outcome measures were the adjusted rates of STEMI and 30-day mortality from STEMI using multivariable logistic regression models. Patients presenting with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndromes served as controls. Results Among patients with STEMI, at least 1 of the 4 conventional risk factors was present in 88.1% of women and 86.7% of men. Overall, 3,194 patients (27.0%) self-reported a FHx of CV disease, defined as a first-degree relative with premature CV events (men, age Conclusions In direct contrast with recent findings, almost 90% of patients with STEMI have SMuRFs. Self-reported FHx is not a significant risk factor for development of STEMI and related high rate of CV mortality in patients without SMuRFs. Although research on genetic causes of heart disease is important, public health policies, and research efforts should place significant emphasis on the 4 SMuRFs and the lifestyle behaviors causing them to reduce the epidemic of STEMI. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Amiodarone represents the most widely used antiarrhythmic drug with an indication for administration in heart failure (HF) with many of its side effects. Dronedarone reduces the risk of recurrent atrial fibrillation, with increased mortality due to worsening HF, but necessary experimental data is missing. Purpose Investigate chronic, dose-dependent effects of Dronedarone and Amiodarone on cardiodynamic and oxidative stress of spontaneusly hypertensive rat (SHR) heart. Methods The present study was carried out on 42 SHR Wistar Kyoto male rats: Control (n=6), and 6 experimental groups treated by oral lavage for 4 weeks: rats treated with 100 mg/kg of Amiodarone (n=6), rats treated with 50 mg/kg of Amiodarone (n=6), rats treated with 10 mg/kg of Amiodarone (n=6), rats treated with 50 mg/kg of Dronedarone (n=6), rats treated with 10 mg/kg of Dronedarone (n=6) and rats treated with 5 mg/kg of Dronedarone (n=6). Isolated rat hearts were perfused by Langendorff perfusion apparatus and following cardiodynamic parameters were continuously registered: dp/dt max, dp/dt min, systolic left ventricular pressure, diastolic left ventricular pressure, heart rate and coronary flow on each of predetermined values of coronary perfused pressure. Parameters of oxidative stress were determined spectrophotometrically. Results Amiodarone in the low dose significantly improved dp/dt max and dt/dt min, this effect was less pronounced in the middle dose of Amiodarone, while Amiodarone in the high dose significantly decreased all parameters of cardiac function. Amiodarone in low dose significantly increased levels of parameters of oxidative stress including levels of O2- and nitrites, when compared to other doses of Amiodarone. Significant changes in cardiac function were also observed in Dronedarone treated rats, however function was significantly decreased in all Dronedarone groups. Dronedarone severely depressed cardiac function with dose-dependent effect. Comparison between Amiodarone and Dronedarone groups revealed that Amiodarone was better in improvement of cardiac function in all dose-regimes (Figure 1). Dronedarone significantly lowered levels of H2O2 and TBARS without dose-dependent effect, concentrations of O2-, NO2- remained unchanged. Amiodarone increased O2-, NO2- and TBARS with a dose-dependent effect. When compared to Amiodarone, Dronedarone lowered all oxidative stress parameters in high, middle and low-dose (Figure 2.) Conclusion Dose-dependent, chronic administration of Dronedarone severely depressed SHR cardiac function. Amiodarone shows less pronaunced effects in high and middle dose, while low dose increased cardiac function. By comparing the effects of Amiodarone and Dronedarone, Amiodarone showed better effects on SHR cardiac function in all doses, while Dronedarone significantly reduced parameters of oxidative stress in all doses, when compared to their parallel doses of Amiodarone.

We report on the design and performance of an experimental setup dedicated to the high-frequency manipulation of individual electron spins in quantum dots in the milliKelvin temperature range. Engel and Loss [Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 (2001) 004648] proposed how the spin-state can be read out via a charge current through the dot in the Coulomb blockade state. A major challenge is that fast manipulation compared to decoherence requires a large microwave (mw) magnetic field, which is technically difficult to produce on a nanometer scale without much power and without substantial capacitive coupling between the dot and its electromagnetic surrounding. We show that our setup overcomes these difficulties.

Les Pemulen® (BF Goodrich) sont des copolymeres d'acide acrylique a hydrophobie modifiee (Acrylates/ acrylates d'alkyle C 10 -C 30 ) qui peuvent agir a la fois comme emulsifiants primaires pour des emulsions h/e et comme agents d'optimisation de la viscosite. L'objectif de cette etude est d'evaluer l'influence de differentes conditions de traitement (appareil de melange, vitesse et temps d'agitation) sur les proprietes esthetiques, la viscosite et la stabilite physique de gels d'emulsions h/e a base de l'emulsifiant polymerique (Pemulen TR-2NF). Cet objectif a ete realise en appliquant un plan d'experience a deux facteurs et trois niveaux a deux ensembles: en utilisant un melangeur de laboratoire et un disperseur. Les variables independantes sont la vitesse et le temps de melange et les variables dependantes c'est-a-dire les reponses, sont les millimetres de phase huileuse separes apres centrifugation a 3500 rpm dans une centrifugeuse de laboratoire, et la viscosite a un taux de cisaillement de 180 1/s. Les reponses sont integrees a un modele du second ordre au moyen d'une analyse a regression multiple. Pour les echantillons prepares avec le melangeur de laboratoire on montre que le temps et la vitesse de melange ont une influence statistiquement importante sur la viscosite, mais pas sur la stabilite physique: lorsque la vitesse et le temps de melange augmentent la viscosite augmente lineairement. Si on suppose que l'apport superieur d'energie obtenu par l'augmentation de la vitesse et du temps de melange produit une diminution de la taille de gouttelette et de la polydispersite et une structure de gel mieux developpee, alors les conditions optimales de traitement seront celles du point ou la viscosite maximale est atteinte. Ce resultat est en accord avec le test de centrifugation - la meilleure stabilite est obtenue lorsque la vitesse et le temps de melange maximaux sont appliques, bien que cet effet ne semble pas etre statistiquement significatif. Pour les echantillons prepares en utilisant des disperseurs aucune influence statistique importante des variables de traitement sur la viscosite et la stabilite physique n'est observee. En outre, les echantillons d'emulsions prepares en utilisant le melangeur de laboratoire apparaissent homogenes, alors que dans les echantillons prepares en utilisant le disperseur, des grumeaux de polymere non disperse apparaissent. A partir des proprietes physiques des emulsions, on peut conclure que le disperseur est un outil inapproprie pour traiter les emulsions a base de polymeres Pemulen.

Objective:Microvascular angina or cardiac syndrome X, describes patients with anginal chest pain, signs of ischaemia on ECG and a positive stress test, but with non-obstructive coronary angiography. Coronary heart disease is the main cause of mortality in many Western countries and is represented by

Bei gesunden Erwachsenen tritt der Schluckakt in den verschiedenen Respirationsphasen auf, Uberwiegend wAhrend der Ausatmung. Das VerhAltnis zwischen Atmung und Schlucken ist unterschiedlichen VerAnderungen unterworfen: durch das Altern, durch verschiedene neurologische Erkrankungen sowie durch eine partielle oder totale Laryngektomie. Wir haben das VerhAltnis zwischen Atmung und Schlucken vor und nach einer epimukOsen LokalanAsthesie bei 40 freiwilligen gesunden Probanden studiert. Die SchleimhautanAsthesie hatte eine VerlAngerung der Schluckapnoe von 0,87 auf 1,12 s (p < 0,001) und eine VerAnderung des Auftretens des Schluckens innerhalb des Respirationszyklus zur Folge – eine geringere Zahl der Schluckakte beim Ausatmen und eine grOssere Zahl der Schluckakte am Ubergang vom Einatmen zum Ausatmen sowie am Ubergang vom Ausatmen zum Einatmen. Die epimukOse AnAsthesie fUhrte nicht zu Dekompensation des Schluckens. MOgliche GrUnde dafiir sind das Ausbleiben der Wirkung des AnAsthetikums auf die tiefer in der Schleimhaut eingebetteten Rezeptoren oder eine Kompensation durch willentliches oder refiektorisches Schlucken.