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A 61-year-old woman presented with a 2-year history of an abnormal erythematous swelling on the upper lip and cheek. Upon examination there were no other physical findings. Histological examination found discreet sarcoidal granulomas in the lower dermis. Routine laboratory studies, chest radiographs and pulmonary functions were all normal. Clinical presentation and histological findings were, therefore, compatible with the diagnosis of orofacial granulomatosis (OFG). The patient was patch tested with an extended standard series that included metal-salt, dental prosthesis, bakery and corticosteroids series. The patch test was positive (score ++) after 48 and 72 h for mercury in the metal-salt and dental prosthesis series. During the past decade the patient had received amalgam fillings of several dental cavities, including one adjacent to the swollen cheek. The unilateral localization of the soft tissue swelling adjacent to the amalgam tooth fillings, along with the positive patch test for mercury, raised the possibility that the OFG was part of a delayed hypersensitive reaction to the fillings. The patient therefore underwent a total amalgam replacement procedure; complete disappearance of the swelling overlying the right cheek was observed within 7 weeks and the swelling of the upper lip subsided completely within 6 months. We propose that mercury in amalgam tooth fillings is another cause of OFG and suggest appropriate patch testing in patients who do not have an apparent cause of OFG.

Background: Histamine, a major mediator in endogenous and exogenous skin disorders, has been extensively investigated. Many experiments concern external provocation, yet the sequence of events as well as the influence of timing of the provocating factors require clarification. Objective: To document cutaneous reactivity to histamine rechallenge at different time points, as well as the response of irritated skin (irritant dermatitis) to histamine. Methods: Histamine was intradermally administered on the upper back of 20 volunteers at different time points to 3 sites and following SLS-induced irritant dermatitis to another site. The cutaneous vascular response was measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Results: The response to a second prick when the first prick response had decayed to half its peak was significantly higher than all the other responses that resulted from a second prick (p < 0.01). The other responses did not significantly differ from each other or from the first prick response. When the histamine prick was performed over a 24-hour SLS patch, the response was greater than at all other sites (p < 0.01). Conclusion: An excitation state, at which the skin readily reacted to the second insult, may underlie the augmentation of the response to a histamine prick over the irritated skin. Irritation modulates cytokines, which may be the mechanism by which the response to histamine administration is enhanced. Tachyphylaxis did not occur at the time points tested, but may occur at longer intervals, necessitating further investigation.

Background The morphology of Kaposi’s sarcoma is clinically and histologically the same in all clinical forms of the disease. However, there is a difference in the clinical and biological behaviour of the different forms of the disease. The behaviour also differs among individuals with the same form. The factors involved in the initiation and prognosis of the disease are still unknown. The classical form is more common in middle-aged Jews of East European or Mediterranean origin, people of Italian and southern Greek origin. Classic Kaposi’s Sarcoma is seen relatively more frequently in Israel than in many other countries. Objective The aim of this study was to examine risk factors that influence the development and course of the disease. Methods This retrospective study includes 125 patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma, all diagnosed and followed in the Department of Dermatology at Rambam Medical Center in Haifa. Results The group included 85 (68%) men and 40 (32%) women. Fourteen subjects received corticosteroid therapy and three were kidney transplant recipients. Age at onset of the disease was 21–87 years, with a mean age of 67. A total of 121 patients (96.8%) were Jews and four (3.2%) were non-Jews. A majority (61.6%) were of East European origin. The number of new cases each year was constant in relation to the general population, except for two peaks, one in 1970 and another in 1986–89. The lower limbs were involved in most patients.123 Extracutaneous involvement was present in 18.4%. Of all the subjects, 28 (22.4%) had diabetes mellitus and 21 (16.8%) had a second primary malignancy. The malignancies were of lymphoreticular origin in 10 patients, four in the urinary bladder, three had carcinoma of the large bowel and one of the pancreas. Conclusion Our study shows similar clinical findings to those described in other series. The relatively high frequency of carcinomas of the colon and urinary bladder was not reported elsewhere. We observed a consistent rate of new cases each year with two peaks in 1970 and 1986–1989, the cause of which deserves explanation. Of interest is the relative rise in the number of females with Kaposi’s sarcoma. A relative high risk for developing Kaposi’s sarcoma has been found among Jews of Ashkenazi origin compared to those of other ethnic groups. Israeli-born subjects presented a relatively more aggressive course of disease than others.

The histological findings in the first diagnostic biopsy of 50 patients with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) were classified and were related to the clinical course. Forty-one patients had the "classic KS," of whom 31 had a benign course and 10 an aggressive disease. Nine patients had iatrogenically induced KS. Histologically the following subtypes were found: mixed type in 18 patients, spindle type in 16, early type in 14, and hemangiomatous and lymphangiomatous types in one each. We did not find any statistical relationship between the histological subtypes, degree of nuclear atypia, number of mitoses, and density of the inflammatory cell infiltrates in the KS lesions, and the clinical types and course of the disease. The results of this study do not support the possibility of a prognostic importance regarding the histological features of the early lesions in patients with classic or iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma.

Humoral and cellular immunity were evaluated in 10 patients with Darier's disease. The mean levels of serum immunoglobulins, serum complement, peripheral macro-phages, and peripheral B and T lymphocytes were within normal limits. Secretory IgA was present in all patients studied. Skin tests for delayed hypersensitivity revealed complete anergy in one of the eight patients tested. Lymphocyte transformation tests revealed statistically significant enhanced responsiveness to both PHA and ConA mitogens in several concentrations studied. These findings may suggest either the existence of alterations in immunoregulation of lymphocyte subpopulations in Darier's disease or may be limited to alterations in membrane functions of certain lymphocyte subpopulations which can be detected only in vitro. The role that such immunologic aberrations may play in the pathogenesis of Darier's disease is still obscure.

A case of dermal vasculitis with arthralgia after intestinal bypass surgery is reported. A 36-year-old woman developed arthralgia and skin rash, 1 year after an ileo-jejunal bypass operation was performed for overweight (130 kg). Skin biopsy showed leucocytoclastic vasculitis in the dermis. E.M. study showed clumps of platelets around small dermis blood vessels, and polymorphous perivascular infiltration. The symptoms subsided after tetracycline treatment.