43 results on '"Ryutaro Furukawa"'
Search Results
2. Transition of Antibody Titers after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Japanese Healthcare Workers
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Masahiro Kitabatake, Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Shota Sonobe, Ryutaro Furukawa, Makiko Konda, Atsushi Hara, Hiroyasu Aoki, Yuki Suzuki, Natsuko Imakita, Akiyo Nakano, Yukio Fujita, Shigeyuki Shichino, Ryuichi Nakano, Satoshi Ueha, Kei Kasahara, Shigeo Muro, Hisakazu Yano, Kouji Matsushima, and Toshihiro Ito
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases ,General Medicine - Abstract
Since February 2021, healthcare workers in Japan have been preferentially vaccinated with a messenger RNA vaccine (BNT162b2/Pfizer) against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While many studies have confirmed that this vaccine is highly effective in reducing hospitalizations and deaths from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), antibody titers tend to decline at 3 months, leading to a risk of breakthrough infections. Thus, information is needed to support decision making regarding the third vaccination. In this study, we investigated transition of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG and neutralizing antibody titers of 37 vaccinated Japanese healthcare workers. Samples were collected six times starting prevaccination until 6 months after the second vaccination. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels peaked at 1 week after the second vaccination, then declined over time and decreased to10% at 6 months after the second vaccination. Additionally, approximately one third of subjects at 6 months after the second vaccination were seronegative for the Omicron variant. Workers with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels also had low neutralizing antibody titers. These data support the active use of boosters for healthcare workers, especially for those with low anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD IgG levels.
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- 2023
3. The critical role of the histone modification enzyme Setdb2 in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome
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Shota Sonobe, Masahiro Kitabatake, Atsushi Hara, Makiko Konda, Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Chiyoko Terada-Ikeda, Ryutaro Furukawa, Natsuko Imakita, Akihisa Oda, Maiko Takeda, Shiki Takamura, Satoki Inoue, Steven L. Kunkel, Masahiko Kawaguchi, and Toshihiro Ito
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Emergency Medicine ,Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine - Published
- 2023
4. Analysis of the Pancreatic Cancer Microbiome Using Endoscopic Ultrasound–Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration–Derived Samples
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Shintaro Nakano, Yasuyuki Kawamoto, Yoshito Komatsu, Rika Saito, Ken Ito, Takahiro Yamamura, Kazuaki Harada, Satoshi Yuki, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Ryo Sugiura, Shin Kato, Koji Hirata, Hajime Hirata, Masahito Nakajima, Ryutaro Furukawa, Yunosuke Takishin, Kousuke Nagai, Isao Yokota, Keisuke H. Ota, Shinji Nakaoka, Masaki Kuwatani, and Naoya Sakamoto
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Hepatology ,Microbiota ,Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism ,pancreatic cancer ,microbiome ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Endocrinology ,RNA, Ribosomal, 16S ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration ,pancreas ,bacteria ,Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine Needle Aspiration - Abstract
Objectives Most previous studies have analyzed bacteria in tumors using resected pancreatic cancer (PC) tissues, because it is difficult to obtain tissue samples from unresectable advanced PC. We aimed to determine whether minimal tissue obtained by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration is useful for microbiome analysis. Methods Thirty PC and matched duodenal and stomach tissues (N = 90) were prospectively collected from 30 patients who underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Bacterial DNA was extracted, and 16S rRNA sequencing was performed. The primary outcome was the success rate of bacterial detection in tumors. Bacterial diversity and structure were investigated. Results The bacterial detection rates were 80%, 100%, and 97% in PC, gastric, and duodenal samples, respectively. Pancreatic cancer tissues showed a lower alpha-diversity and a significantly different microbial structure than stomach and duodenal tissues. Proteobacteria were more abundant, whereas Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria were less abundant in PC tissues than in stomach and duodenal tissues. Acinetobacter was more abundant in PC tissues than in stomach and duodenal tissues, and Delftia was more frequently detected in resectable PC. Conclusions Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration samples were valuable for PC microbiome analysis, revealing that the bacterial composition of PC is different from that of the stomach and duodenum.
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- 2022
5. Lipopolysaccharide from Yoshino cedar trees (Cryptomeria japonica) induces high levels of human macrophage polarization
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Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Masahiro Kitabatake, Satoki Fushimi, Satoshi Suzuki, Yuzu Fukui, Ryutaro Furukawa, and Toshihiro Ito
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Biomaterials - Abstract
Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, is an evergreen conifer native to Japan and is often used as a building material. The humidity control properties of wood are known, but there have been few detailed analyses of its effects on living organisms. Therefore, we investigated the effects of cedar water-soluble components on human macrophages, which are essential for maintaining biological homeostasis and innate immunity. In this study, we prepared aqueous extracts from Cryptomeria japonica in Yoshino, Nara prefecture (called as Yoshino cedar). Yoshino cedar aqueous extracts stimulated macrophages toward the classically activated phenotype and inhibited the macrophage phenotype thought to mediate allergic responses. Next, we measured the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentration in the Yoshino cedar aqueous extract and found it was present at a high concentration. The major receptor of LPS is Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). To confirm whether LPS in Yoshino cedar aqueous extracts activate macrophages through the LPS/TLR4 pathway, we analyzed its effects on TLR4-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) and wild-type (WT) MEF. TLR4-deficient MEF did not produce the proinflammatory cytokines seen in WT MEF. This result showed that LPS in the Yoshino cedar aqueous extracts activate macrophages via TLR4. This information will help us better understand the benefits of cedar for human health, including allergies.
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- 2022
6. Antiviral effect of candies containing persimmon-derived tannin against SARS-CoV-2 delta strain
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Ryutaro Furukawa, Masahiro Kitabatake, Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Dai Tomita, Makiko Kumamoto, Yuki Suzuki, Akiyo Nakano, Ryuichi Nakano, Yoko Matsumura, Shin-ichi Kayano, Hisakazu Yano, Shinji Tamaki, and Toshihiro Ito
- Abstract
Inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the mouth has the potential to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) because the virus is readily transmitted by dispersed saliva. Persimmon-derived tannin has strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activity owing to its strong adhesiveness to proteins, and it also exhibited antiviral effects against non-variant and alpha variant SARS-CoV-2 in our previous study. In this report, we first demonstrated the antiviral effects of persimmon-derived tannin against the delta variant of SARS-CoV-2in vitrovia the plaque assay method. We then examined the effects of candy containing persimmon-derived tannin. Our plaque assay results show that saliva samples provided by healthy volunteers while they were eating tannin-containing candy remarkably suppressed the virus titers of the SARS-CoV-2 delta variant. In addition, we found that the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in saliva from patients with COVID-19 that was collected immediately after they had eaten the tannin-containing candy was below the level of detection by PCR for SARS-CoV-2. These data suggest that adding persimmon-derived tannin to candy and holding such candy in the mouth is an effective method by which to inactivate the SARS-CoV-2 in saliva, and the application of this approach has potential for inhibiting the transmission of COVID-19.
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- 2022
7. Clinical characteristics of immunoglobulin IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis: Comparison of cases with and without autoimmune pancreatitis in a large cohort
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Itaru Naitoh, Terumi Kamisawa, Atsushi Tanaka, Takahiro Nakazawa, Kensuke Kubota, Hajime Takikawa, Michiaki Unno, Atsushi Masamune, Shigeyuki Kawa, Seiji Nakamura, Kazuichi Okazaki, Keisuke Furumatsu, Shigeaki Sawai, Takuma Goto, Toshikatsu Okumura, Daisuke Suzuki, Masayuki Otsuka, Ikuhiro Kobori, Masaya Tamano, Mitsuhito Koizumi, Yoichi Hiasa, Naoto Kawabe, Yoshiki Hirooka, Satoshi Yamamoto, Yukio Asano, Kazuo Inui, Akihiko Horiguchi, Hiroyuki Watanabe, Daishu Toya, Katsuko Hatayama, Toshiharu Ueki, Norikatsu Kinoshita, Mitsuru Sugimoto, Hiromasa Ohira, Tsuyoshi Mukai, Eiichi Tomita, Keisuke Iwata, Shogo Shimizu, Jun Suetsugu, Masahito Shimizu, Keiji Tsuji, Ryoko Ishida, Masanori Ito, Ryutaro Furukawa, Naoya Sakamoto, Masahiro Araki, Satoshi Tanno, Yasunari Sakamoto, Tetsuhide Ito, Satoshi Takai, Shinichi Ikeya, Takanori Yamada, Norihiko Kudara, Akinori Shimizu, Keiji Hanada, Yasunori Ichiki, Hideki Kitada, Michio Hifumi, Hiroyuki Kimura, Masayuki Kurosaki, Namiki Izumi, Hajime Sumi, Jun-ichi Haruta, Katsumi Hayashi, Ryo Harada, Masafumi Inoue, Shinichiro Nakamura, Tetsuya Ito, Ko Tomishima, Hiroyuki Isayama, Kyoko Oura, Tsutomu Masaki, Naoto Shimokawahara, Shirou Tanoue, Kousei Maemura, Akio Ido, Ichiro Mizushima, Mitsuhiro Kawano, Katsunori Yoshida, Makoto Naganuma, Miki Murata, Akiyoshi Nishio, Yuji Fujita, Takuma Teratani, Shohei Matsubara, Hironao Tamai, Yuu Yoshida, Ryousaku Azemoto, Ken Kamata, Tomohiro Watanabe, Takahiro Kurosu, Wasaburou Koizumi, Jun Fujita, Hideyuki Seki, Yasuhiro Ueda, Takumi Fukumoto, Takuhiro Kousaki, Kazushige Uchida, Toshimasa Ochiai, Takeshi Kawasaki, Motohiko Tanaka, Etsuji Ishida, Kenji Notohara, Hideaki Mori, Toshiyuki Mori, Hideaki Kawabata, Masatoshi Miyata, Junichi Sakagami, Yoshito Itoh, Masahiro Shiokawa, Hiroshi Seno, Noriko Watanabe, Hiromi Kataoka, Toshinori Aoki, Mitsuhiro Fujishiro, Toru Niihara, Hiroto Nishimata, Akira Mitoro, Hitoshi Yoshiji, Motoyuki Yoshida, Masafumi Ikeda, Kengo Tomita, Ryota Hokari, Kenji Hayasaka, Yuji Amano, Kazuhiko Shioji, Kazunao Hayashi, Shuji Terai, Michiko Nakajima, Junya Yamahana, Ryusuke Matsumoto, Hideaki Kikuchi, Akira Kanamori, Seiki Kiriyama, Shinichi Iwatsu, Yuji Kato, Shigeru Horiguchi, Takahito Yagi, Hiroyuki Okada, Kazuyoshi Ohkawa, Motohiro Hirao, Naoki Hiramatsu, Noriko Oza, Haruo Imamura, Takeshi Baba, Shigeru Nakano, Tetsuya Shinobi, Shomei Ryozawa, Masayo Motoya, Hiroshi Nakase, Noboru Kinoshita, Kei Ito, Tatsuya Miyake, Naruaki Kohge, Hiroshi Tobita, Satoru Joshita, Takeji Umemura, Shinya Kawaguchi, Kazuya Ohno, Koichi Sonobe, Akihiko Satoh, Tooru Shimosegawa, Fumihiko Miura, Minami Yagi, Keiji Sano, Toshifumi Kin, Akio Katanuma, Kazuhiko Koike, Shin Miura, Youhei Kawashima, Tatehiro Kagawa, Seishin Azuma, Mamoru Watanabe, Mitsuyoshi Honjyo, Takao Itoi, Akira Honda, Katsumasa Kobayashi, Toru Asano, Suguru Mizuno, Takayoshi Nishino, Hideaki Taniguchi, Kazuto Tajiri, Ichiro Yasuda, Yoshiya Tanaka, Shinji Oe, Masaru Harada, Masanao Kurata, Mituharu Fukasawa, Nobuyuki Enomoto, Yuki Kawaji, Masayuki Kitano, Yuko Nishise, Hidetoshi Hirakawa, Tetsuya Ishizawa, Yoshiyuki Ueno, Miyuki Kaino, Yuko Fujimoto, and Isao Sakaida
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Autoimmune Pancreatitis ,Cholangitis, Sclerosing ,Gastroenterology ,Primary sclerosing cholangitis ,Serology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Japan ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,Retrospective Studies ,Autoimmune pancreatitis ,Hepatology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Bile duct ,Ultrasound ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,Histology ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunoglobulin G ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,IgG4-related disease ,Bile Ducts ,Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease ,business ,Cholangiography - Abstract
Background The clinical characteristics of IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis (IgG4-SC) especially without autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) have not been investigated in a large cohort. Aims To clarify the clinical characteristics of IgG4-SC and IgG4-SC without AIP. Methods We retrospectively reviewed imaging, serology, other organ involvement (OOI) and histology of 872 patients with IgG4-SC who participated in a Japanese nationwide survey in 2019, and compared these items between IgG4-SC with and without AIP. Results AIP was present in 83.7% (730/872) of IgG4-SC. In IgG4-SC, bile duct wall thickening was observed on ultrasound (528/650; 81.2%), computed tomography (375/525; 71.4%) and magnetic resonance imaging or cholangiopancreatography (290/440; 65.9%). An elevated serum IgG4 level (≥ 135 mg/dL) was found in 88.0% (322/366). IgG4-related OOI other than AIP was observed in 25.2% (211/836). The proportion of females was significantly higher in IgG4-SC without AIP (28.9% vs. 20.1%; p = 0.025). Hilar stricture was the most common cholangiographic type in IgG4-SC without AIP (39/107; 36.4%).There were no significant differences between IgG4-SC with and without AIP in the rates of bile duct wall thickening, elevated serum IgG4 level, or IgG4-related OOI. Conclusions The clinical characteristics of IgG4-SC was similar between IgG4-SC with and without AIP in a large cohort.
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- 2021
8. Genetic Analyses of Cell-Free DNA in Pancreatic Juice or Bile for Diagnosing Pancreatic Duct and Biliary Tract Strictures
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Kosuke Nagai, Masaki Kuwatani, Koji Hirata, Goki Suda, Hajime Hirata, Yunosuke Takishin, Ryutaro Furukawa, Kazuma Kishi, Hiroki Yonemura, Shunichiro Nozawa, Ryo Sugiura, Kazumichi Kawakubo, and Naoya Sakamoto
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cell-free DNA ,stricture ,liquid biopsy ,bile duct ,pancreatic juice ,Clinical Biochemistry ,bile ,mutation ,pancreatic duct - Abstract
Poor prognosis of pancreaticobiliary malignancies is attributed to intrinsic biological aggressiveness and the lack of reliable methods for early diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility and availability of pancreatic juice- and bile-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for diagnosing pancreaticobiliary strictures. From October 2020 to February 2022, pancreatic juice or bile was obtained from 50 patients with pancreaticobiliary strictures during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. cfDNAs extracted from the samples were analyzed using next-generation sequencing and a cancer gene panel. The obtained cfDNAs, genetic data and clinical information were analyzed for diagnosis. cfDNA concentrations in pancreatic juice were higher in the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm group than in the other groups, whereas those in bile were similar in all groups. In pancreatic juice, the sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of cfDNA analyses were 33%, 100%, 100% and 71.4%, respectively, whereas those of cytological analyses were 0%, 100%, 0% and 62.5%, respectively. In bile, those of cell-free DNA analyses were 53%, 75%, 89.5% and 28.6%, respectively, whereas those of cytological analyses were 19%, 100%, 100% and 16%, respectively. In conclusion, pancreatic juice- and bile-derived cfDNA is a novel liquid biopsy tool that can diagnose pancreaticobiliary strictures.
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- 2022
9. Delayed SARS-CoV-2 Spread and Olfactory Cell Lineage Impairment in Close-Contact Infection Syrian Hamster Models
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Rumi Ueha, Toshihiro Ito, Satoshi Ueha, Ryutaro Furukawa, Masahiro Kitabatake, Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Tsukasa Uranaka, Hirotaka Tanaka, Hironobu Nishijima, Kenji Kondo, and Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Abstract
ObjectivesClose contact with patients with COVID-19 is speculated to be the most common cause of viral transmission, but the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by close contact remains to be elucidated. In addition, despite olfactory impairment being a unique complication of COVID-19, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory cell lineage has not been fully validated. This study aimed to elucidate close-contact viral transmission to the nose and lungs and to investigate the temporal damage in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage caused by SARS-CoV-2.MethodsSyrian hamsters were orally administered SARS-CoV-2 as direct-infection models. On day 7 after inoculation, infected and uninfected hamsters were housed in the same cage for 30 minutes. These uninfected hamsters were subsequently assigned to a close-contact group. First, viral presence in the nose and lungs was verified in the infection and close-contact groups at several time points. Next, the impacts on the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs, were examined histologically. Then, the viral transmission status and chronological changes in tissue damage were compared between the direct-infection and close-contact groups.ResultsIn the close-contact group, viral presence could not be detected in both the nose and lungs on day 3, and the virus was identified in both tissues on day 7. In the direct-infection group, the viral load was highest in the nose and lungs on day 3, decreased on day 7, and was no longer detectable on day 14. Histologically, in the direct-infection group, mature ORNs were most depleted on day 3 (p < 0.001) and showed a recovery trend on day 14, with similar trends for olfactory progenitors and immature ORNs. In the close-contact group, there was no obvious tissue damage on day 3, but on day 7, the number of all ORN lineage cells significantly decreased (p < 0.001).ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 was transmitted even after brief contact and subsequent olfactory epithelium and lung damage occurred more than 3 days after the trigger of infection. The present study also indicated that SARS-CoV-2 damages all ORN lineage cells, but this damage can begin to recover approximately 14 days post infection.
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- 2022
10. Identification and expression profile of novel STAND gene Nwd2 in the mouse central nervous system
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Seiya Yamada, Ryutaro Furukawa, and Shin-ichi Sakakibara
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Neurons ,Central Nervous System ,Mice ,Genetics ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Hippocampus ,Phylogeny ,Developmental Biology ,Signal Transduction - Abstract
In the central nervous system (CNS), neurons need synaptic neurotransmitter release and cellular response for various cellular stress or environmental stimuli. To achieve these highly orchestrated cellular processes, neurons should drive the molecular mechanisms that govern and integrate complex signaling pathways. The signal transduction ATPases with numerous domains (STAND) family of proteins has been shown to play essential roles in diverse signal transduction mechanisms, including apoptosis and innate immunity. However, a comprehensive understanding of STAND genes remains lacking. Previously, we identified the NACHT and WD repeat domain-containing protein 1 (NWD1), a member of STAND family, in the regulation of the assembly of a giant multi-enzyme complex that enables efficient de novo purine biosynthesis during brain development. Here we identified the mouse Nwd2 gene, which is a paralog of Nwd1. A molecular phylogenetic analysis suggested that Nwd1 emerged during the early evolution of the animal kingdom, and that Nwd2 diverged in the process of Nwd1 duplication. RT-PCR and in situ hybridization analyses revealed the unique expression profile of Nwd2 in the developing and adult CNS. Unlike Nwd1, Nwd2 expression was primarily confined to neurons in the medial habenular nucleus, an essential modulating center for diverse psychological states, such as fear, anxiety, and drug addiction. In the adult brain, Nwd2 expression, albeit at a lower level, was also observed in some neuronal populations in the piriform cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra pars compacta. NWD2 might play a unique role in the signal transduction required for specific neuronal circuits, especially for cholinergic neurons in the habenula.
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- 2022
11. Evidence for the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and olfactory cell lineage impairment in close-contact infection Syrian hamster models
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Rumi Ueha, Toshihiro Ito, Satoshi Ueha, Ryutaro Furukawa, Masahiro Kitabatake, Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Tsukasa Uranaka, Hirotaka Tanaka, Hironobu Nishijima, Kenji Kondo, and Tatsuya Yamasoba
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Microbiology (medical) ,Olfaction Disorders ,Disease Models, Animal ,Infectious Diseases ,Mesocricetus ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Cricetinae ,Immunology ,Animals ,Humans ,COVID-19 ,Cell Lineage ,Microbiology - Abstract
ObjectivesClose contact with patients with COVID-19 is speculated to be the most common cause of viral transmission, but the pathogenesis of COVID-19 by close contact remains to be elucidated. In addition, despite olfactory impairment being a unique complication of COVID-19, the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the olfactory cell lineage has not been fully validated. This study aimed to elucidate close-contact viral transmission to the nose and lungs and to investigate the temporal damage in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage caused by SARS-CoV-2.MethodsSyrian hamsters were orally administered SARS-CoV-2 nonvariant nCoV-19/JPN/TY/WK521/2020 as direct-infection models. On day 3 after inoculation, infected and uninfected hamsters were housed in the same cage for 30 minutes. These uninfected hamsters were subsequently assigned to a close-contact group. First, viral presence in the nose and lungs was verified in the infection and close-contact groups at several time points. Next, the impacts on the olfactory epithelium, including olfactory progenitors, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs were examined histologically. Then, the viral transmission status and chronological changes in tissue damage were compared between the direct-infection and close-contact groups.ResultsIn the close-contact group, viral presence could not be detected in both the nose and lungs on day 3, and the virus was identified in both tissues on day 7. In the direct-infection group, the viral load was highest in the nose and lungs on day 3, decreased on day 7, and was no longer detectable on day 14. Histologically, in the direct-infection group, mature ORNs were most depleted on day 3 (p ConclusionSARS-CoV-2 was transmitted even after brief contact and subsequent olfactory epithelium and lung damage occurred more than 3 days after the trigger of infection. The present study also indicated that SARS-CoV-2 damages all ORN lineage cells, but this damage can begin to recover approximately 14 days post infection.
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- 2022
12. Two-step pancreatic duct stenting with endoscopic ultrasonography and balloon-assisted enteroscopy for pancreaticojejunal anastomotic stricture
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Kosuke Nagai, Masaki Kuwatani, Yunosuke Takishin, Ryutaro Furukawa, Hajime Hirata, Kazumichi Kawakubo, and Naoya Sakamoto
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Gastroenterology - Published
- 2022
13. A Rare Adverse Event after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography
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Ryutaro, Furukawa, Masaki, Kuwatani, and Naoya, Sakamoto
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Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ,Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,General Medicine ,Cholangiography - Published
- 2022
14. Oral SARS-CoV-2 Inoculation Causes Nasal Viral Infection Leading to Olfactory Bulb Infection: an Experimental Study
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Rumi Ueha, Toshihiro Ito, Ryutaro Furukawa, Masahiro Kitabatake, Noriko Ouji-Sageshima, Satoshi Ueha, Misaki Koyama, Tsukasa Uranaka, Kenji Kondo, and Tatsuya Yamasoba
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Microbiology (medical) ,SARS-CoV-2 ,viruses ,Immunology ,fungi ,COVID-19 ,Common Cold ,respiratory system ,Microbiology ,Olfactory Bulb ,Olfactory Receptor Neurons ,body regions ,Infectious Diseases ,Olfactory Mucosa ,Cricetinae ,Animals ,skin and connective tissue diseases - Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can cause long-lasting anosmia, but the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which can spread to the nasal cavity via the oral route, on the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN) lineage and olfactory bulb (OB) remains undetermined. Using Syrian hamsters, we explored whether oral SARS-CoV-2 inoculation can lead to nasal viral infection, examined how SARS-CoV-2 affects the ORN lineage by site, and investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 infection can spread to the OB and induce inflammation. On post-inoculation day 7, SARS-CoV-2 presence was confirmed in the lateral area (OCAM-positive) but not the nasal septum of NQO1-positive and OCAM-positive areas. The virus was observed partially infiltrating the olfactory epithelium, and ORN progenitor cells, immature ORNs, and mature ORNs were fewer than in controls. The virus was found in the olfactory nerve bundles to the OB, suggesting the nasal cavity as a route for SARS-CoV-2 brain infection. We demonstrated that transoral SARS-CoV-2 infection can spread from the nasal cavity to the central nervous system and the possibility of central olfactory dysfunction due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The virus was localized at the infection site and could damage all ORN-lineage cells.
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- 2022
15. Chorioamnionitis and early pregnancy loss caused by ampicillin-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae
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Yuji Nishihara, Nobuyasu Hirai, Takahiro Sekine, Nao Okuda, Tomoko Nishimura, Hiroyuki Fujikura, Ryutaro Furukawa, Natsuko Imakita, Tatsuya Fukumori, Taku Ogawa, Yuki Suzuki, Ryuichi Nakano, Akiyo Nakano, Hisakazu Yano, and Kei Kasahara
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Infectious Diseases ,Case Report - Abstract
Haemophilus influenzae can cause intra-amniotic infection and early pregnancy loss. The mode of transmission and risk factors for H. influenzae uterine cavity infections are unknown. Here, we present the case of chorioamnionitis caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae in a 32-year-old Japanese woman at 16 weeks of gestation. Despite empirical treatment, including ampicillin, as recommended by the current guidelines, she had fetal loss. The antimicrobial regimen was changed to ceftriaxone, and the treatment was completed without complications. Although the prevalence and risk factors for chorioamnionitis caused by ampicillin-resistant H. influenzae are unknown, clinicians need to recognize H. influenzae as a potentially drug-resistant and lethal bacterium for pregnant women.
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- 2023
16. Immunoglobulin G4-related cholecystitis mimicking gallbladder cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided biopsy
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Kosuke Nagai, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Yunosuke Takishin, Naoya Sakamoto, Hajime Hirata, Ryutaro Furukawa, Masaki Kuwatani, and Tomoko Mitsuhashi
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Hepatology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gastroenterology ,MEDLINE ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,Immunoglobulin g4 ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Cholecystitis ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Gallbladder cancer ,business - Published
- 2021
17. Planktonic adaptive evolution to the sea surface temperature in the Neoproterozoic inferred from ancestral NDK of marine cyanobacteria
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Aki Nagano, Sota Yagi, Shin-ichi Yokobori, Ryutaro Furukawa, Mariko Harada, and Akihiko Yamagishi
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Cyanobacteria ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,biology ,Range (biology) ,Plankton ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Paleontology ,Sea surface temperature ,Geophysics ,Habitat ,Space and Planetary Science ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Interglacial ,Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Adaptation ,Geology ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Adaptive evolution - Abstract
The optimum growth temperature of ancestral cyanobacteria inhabiting the sea surface in the Neoproterozoic was estimated based on the thermal stability of experimentally reconstructed ancestral NDK enzymes. Ancestral NDKs of cyanobacteria that diversified ∼1.7, ∼1.0, ∼0.9, ∼0.7, ∼0.6, and ∼0.5 billion years ago were reconstructed and analyzed, and the unfolding midpoint temperatures ( T m s) ranged from ∼65 °C to ∼70 °C. Among the host of analyzed NDKs, the ancestors of marine, planktonic α-cyanobacteria diversified ≤ ∼1.0 Ga are highly likely to have inhabited marine environments during the Neoproterozoic, while ancestral cyanobacteria diversified ∼1.7 billion years ago were possibly marine but the habitat is less constrained compared to the others. According to the calibration curves derived from extant organisms, the obtained T m s of α-cyanobacteria diversified ≤ ∼1.0 Ga correspond to the range of optimum growth temperatures of around ∼33–48 °C. The temperature range agrees well with the long-term sea temperature trend during Neoproterozoic suggested by δ 18 O and δ 30 Si records from marine cherts. Adaptation to the low temperature during the snowball glaciations in the late Neoproterozoic was not observed, implying that adaptation of optimum growth conditions to the episodic low temperature may not have been necessary. Therefore, ancestral marine plankton must have consistently adapted to the interglacial sea surface temperature in the Neoproterozoic, which was approximately 5–20 °C higher than that is today. They may have survived the glaciations by acquiring cold tolerance and/or by suppressing growth rate.
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- 2019
18. Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided pancreaticoduodenostomy with a lumen-apposing metal stent to treat main pancreatic duct dilatation
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Yunosuke Takishin, Kosuke Nagai, Ryutaro Furukawa, Hajime Hirata, Kazumichi Kawakubo, Naoya Sakamoto, and Masaki Kuwatani
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Pancreatic duct ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Gastroenterology ,Pancreatic Ducts ,Stent ,Lumen (anatomy) ,Endoscopic ultrasonography ,Dilatation ,Endosonography ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine ,Drainage ,Humans ,Stents ,Radiology ,business ,Ultrasonography, Interventional - Published
- 2021
19. Amino Acid Specificity of Ancestral Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetase Prior to the Last Universal Common Ancestor Commonote commonote
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Ryutaro Furukawa, Shin-ichi Yokobori, Riku Sato, Taimu Kumagawa, Mizuho Nakagawa, Kazutaka Katoh, and Akihiko Yamagishi
- Subjects
Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases ,RNA, Transfer ,Genetics ,Amino Acids ,Molecular Biology ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Extant organisms commonly use 20 amino acids in protein synthesis. In the translation system, aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (ARS) selectively binds an amino acid and transfers it to the cognate tRNA. It is postulated that the amino acid repertoire of ARS expanded during the development of the translation system. In this study we generated composite phylogenetic trees for seven ARSs (SerRS, ProRS, ThrRS, GlyRS-1, HisRS, AspRS, and LysRS) which are thought to have diverged by gene duplication followed by mutation, before the evolution of the last universal common ancestor. The composite phylogenetic tree shows that the AspRS/LysRS branch diverged from the other five ARSs at the deepest node, with the GlyRS/HisRS branch and the other three ARSs (ThrRS, ProRS and SerRS) diverging at the second deepest node. ThrRS diverged next, and finally ProRS and SerRS diverged from each other. Based on the phylogenetic tree, sequences of the ancestral ARSs prior to the evolution of the last universal common ancestor were predicted. The amino acid specificity of each ancestral ARS was then postulated by comparison with amino acid recognition sites of ARSs of extant organisms. Our predictions demonstrate that ancestral ARSs had substantial specificity and that the number of amino acid types amino-acylated by proteinaceous ARSs was limited before the appearance of a fuller range of proteinaceous ARS species. From an assumption that 10 amino acid species are required for folding and function, proteinaceous ARS possibly evolved in a translation system composed of preexisting ribozyme ARSs, before the evolution of the last universal common ancestor.
- Published
- 2021
20. Efficacy of a novel ultra-sharp dilation device for dilating bare metal stent mesh in patients with hilar malignant biliary obstruction
- Author
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Kazumichi Kawakubo, Naoya Sakamoto, Hajime Hirata, Masaki Kuwatani, Shin Kato, Ryutaro Furukawa, Yunosuke Takishin, and Koji Hirata
- Subjects
Bare-metal stent ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Retrospective Studies ,Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde ,Cholestasis ,business.industry ,Bile duct ,Gastroenterology ,Stent ,Surgical Mesh ,Dilatation ,Surgery ,Catheter ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,Bile Duct Neoplasms ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Dilator ,Dilation (morphology) ,030211 gastroenterology & hepatology ,Stents ,Delivery system ,business - Abstract
The placement of additional stents in patients with hilar malignant biliary obstruction can be challenging when a metal stent already exists because occasionally, the catheter and delivery system of the additional stent cannot pass through the mesh of the formerly placed stent. We studied ten consecutive patients with hilar malignant biliary obstruction who underwent mesh dilation using a novel ultra-sharp dilation device (ES dilator) to assess the efficacy and safety of the ES dilator for mesh dilation. Mesh dilation using the ES dilator was successful in eight patients (8/10; 80.0%), which was the same rate as that of patients with pre-dilation using a Soehendra biliary dilation catheter (4/5, 80.0%) and patients without pre-dilation (4/5, 80.0%). In the two patients with dilation failure, the angle of the hilar bile duct branch was too steep to permit the passage of a stiff dilation device. Nonetheless, stent placement was uncomplicated in all mesh-dilated patients (8/8, 100.0%), and no adverse events related to the ES dilator were observed. The efficacy of an ultra-sharp dilation device appears promising for metallic stent mesh dilation, especially in patients where conventional methods are unsuccessful. However, additional data are necessary to confirm our findings.
- Published
- 2021
21. Evolution of Superoxide Dismutases and Catalases in Cyanobacteria: Occurrence of the Antioxidant Enzyme Genes before the Rise of Atmospheric Oxygen
- Author
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Shin-ichi Yokobori, Ryutaro Furukawa, Mariko Harada, Akihiko Yamagishi, Eiichi Tajika, and Ayumi Akiyama
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Cyanobacteria ,Antioxidant ,biology ,Superoxide Dismutase ,medicine.medical_treatment ,biology.organism_classification ,Synechococcus ,Catalase ,Antioxidants ,Superoxide dismutase ,Oxygen ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Genetics ,biology.protein ,medicine ,Prochlorococcus ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny - Abstract
Knowledge on the evolution of antioxidant systems in cyanobacteria is crucial for elucidating the cause and consequence of the rise of atmospheric oxygen in the Earth's history. In this study, to elucidate the origin and evolution of cyanobacterial antioxidant enzymes, we analyzed the occurrence of genes encoding four types of superoxide dismutases and three types of catalases in 85 complete cyanobacterial genomes, followed by phylogenetic analyses. We found that Fe superoxide dismutase (FeSOD), Mn superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and Mn catalase (MnCat) are widely distributed among modern cyanobacteria, whereas CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), bifunctional catalase (KatG), and monofunctional catalase (KatE) are less common. Ni superoxide dismutase (NiSOD) is distributed among marine Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus species. Phylogenetic analyses suggested that bacterial MnSOD evolved from cambialistic Fe/MnSOD before the diversification of major bacterial lineages. The analyses suggested that FeSOD evolved from MnSOD before the origin of cyanobacteria. MnCat also evolved in the early stages of bacterial evolution, predating the emergence of cyanobacteria. KatG, KatE, and NiSOD appeared 2.3-2.5 billion years ago. Thus, almost all cyanobacterial antioxidant enzymes emerged before or during the rise of atmospheric oxygen. The loss and appearance of these enzymes in marine cyanobacteria may be also related to the change in the metal concentration induced by the increased oxygen concentration in the ocean.
- Published
- 2021
22. Ancestral sequence reconstruction produces thermally stable enzymes with mesophilic enzyme-like catalytic properties
- Author
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Koji Yamazaki, Satoshi Akanuma, Wakako Toma, and Ryutaro Furukawa
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Sequence alignment ,Dehydrogenase ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Catalysis ,3-Isopropylmalate Dehydrogenase ,03 medical and health sciences ,Enzyme Stability ,medicine ,Amino Acid Sequence ,lcsh:Science ,Escherichia coli ,Gene ,Phylogeny ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Multidisciplinary ,030102 biochemistry & molecular biology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Thermus thermophilus ,Thermophile ,lcsh:R ,Temperature ,biology.organism_classification ,Enzymes ,Amino acid ,Cold Temperature ,Kinetics ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,Biochemistry ,lcsh:Q ,Protein design ,Oxidoreductases ,Sequence Alignment - Abstract
Enzymes have high catalytic efficiency and low environmental impact, and are therefore potentially useful tools for various industrial processes. Crucially, however, natural enzymes do not always have the properties required for specific processes. It may be necessary, therefore, to design, engineer, and evolve enzymes with properties that are not found in natural enzymes. In particular, the creation of enzymes that are thermally stable and catalytically active at low temperature is desirable for processes involving both high and low temperatures. In the current study, we designed two ancestral sequences of 3-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase by an ancestral sequence reconstruction technique based on a phylogenetic analysis of extant homologous amino acid sequences. Genes encoding the designed sequences were artificially synthesized and expressed in Escherichia coli. The reconstructed enzymes were found to be slightly more thermally stable than the extant thermophilic homologue from Thermus thermophilus. Moreover, they had considerably higher low-temperature catalytic activity as compared with the T. thermophilus enzyme. Detailed analyses of their temperature-dependent specific activities and kinetic properties showed that the reconstructed enzymes have catalytic properties similar to those of mesophilic homologues. Collectively, our study demonstrates that ancestral sequence reconstruction can produce a thermally stable enzyme with catalytic properties adapted to low-temperature reactions.
- Published
- 2020
23. Question 10: What Is the Diagnosis?
- Author
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Ryutaro Furukawa
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Biopsy ,medicine ,Atypia ,medicine.disease ,business ,Epithelium - Abstract
A biopsy specimen showed squamous cell epithelium without atypia, showing papillary growth around thin cores of interstitial structures including blood vessels (Fig. 25.4).
- Published
- 2020
24. Scrotal ulcer due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 clone in an HIV-positive man who has sex with men in Japan: a case report
- Author
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Nobuyasu Hirai, Shingo Yoshihara, Hisakazu Yano, Tomoko Asada, Keiichi Mikasa, Yoshihiko Ogawa, Ryutaro Furukawa, Kei Kasahara, Ryuichi Nakano, Keitaro Ohmori, and Tomoko Nishimura
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,030505 public health ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Dermatology ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genital ulcer ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Scrotal ulcer ,Staphylococcus aureus ,medicine ,Usa300 clone ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Syphilis ,030212 general & internal medicine ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Chlamydia trachomatis ,business - Abstract
A genital ulcer can be associated with sexually transmitted infections, such as syphilis and herpes, and sexually transmitted organisms, such as Chlamydia trachomatis. We report a case of scrotal ulcer caused by Staphylococcus aureus clone USA300 in a 56-year-old man living with human immunodeficiency virus in Osaka, Japan. It is important to enhance the awareness and surveillance regarding the potential of spread of this organism in the community of men who have sex with men in this district.
- Published
- 2019
25. MO31-3 Intratumor microbiome analysis of pancreatic cancer by analyzing the fresh frozen tissues obtained by EUS-FNA
- Author
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Yasuyuki Kawamoto, Shintaro Nakano, Masaki Kuwatani, Ryutaro Furukawa, Yoshito Komatsu, R. Saito, Kousuke Nagai, Naoya Sakamoto, Satoshi Yuki, Kazuaki Harada, Yunosuke Takishin, Ken Ito, Hajime Hirata, and Takahiro Yamamura
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Oncology ,business.industry ,Pancreatic cancer ,Fresh frozen ,Medicine ,Hematology ,Microbiome ,business ,medicine.disease - Published
- 2021
26. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the gallbladder: a case report and literature review
- Author
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Takahiro Yamada, Ryutaro Furukawa, Takeshi Hisa, Satoshi Shiozawa, and Akiharu Kudo
- Subjects
Male ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Contrast Media ,Neoplasms, Muscle Tissue ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Gallbladder polyp ,medicine ,Humans ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Ultrasonography ,Gallbladder Fundus ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Gallbladder ,Ultrasound ,Magnetic resonance imaging ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Epithelium ,Radiation therapy ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cholecystitis ,Gallbladder Neoplasms ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
A 50-year-old man had undergone chemotherapy and radiotherapy for malignant lymphoma 1 year earlier. Follow-up computed tomography revealed a gallbladder polyp. Transabdominal ultrasound demonstrated a 20-mm hypoechoic sessile polyp with basal waist in the gallbladder fundus; the surface was covered with a hyperechoic layer of non-uniform thickness. On contrast-enhanced computed tomography, the polyp showed an early uniform and sustained staining pattern. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the polyp had low and slightly high signal intensities on T1- and T2-weighted imaging, respectively. Gallbladder bed resection was performed with the diagnosis of special tumor. Histologically, the polyp comprised a proliferation of myofibroblast-like spindle cells with inflammatory cell infiltration, without muscularis propria or vascular invasion. Most of the polyp surface was covered with necrotic exudate, and part of the normal epithelium remained. Consequently, a diagnosis of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor was made. The sessile shape with basal waist, epithelium shedding, and surface necrotic exudative matter may represent intraluminal expansive growth such as a subepithelial tumor. A surface with a hyperechoic layer of non-uniform thickness on gallbladder polyp can help in the diagnosis of a tumor with expansive growth directly under the epithelium with stretching/rupture of the epithelium.
- Published
- 2017
27. Good's syndrome with clinical manifestation after thymectomy: A case report
- Author
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Ryutaro Furukawa, Masahiro Yanagiya, Hajime Horiuchi, Jun Matsumoto, Kazuhiro Usui, and Hirotsugu Hashimoto
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Thymoma ,Hypogammaglobulinemia ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Case Report ,medicine.disease_cause ,Gastroenterology ,Good's syndrome ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Internal medicine ,Streptococcus pneumoniae ,medicine ,Immunodeficiency ,Medical history ,lcsh:RC705-779 ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,business.industry ,lcsh:Diseases of the respiratory system ,medicine.disease ,Thymectomy ,Pneumonia ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Bacteremia ,business - Abstract
Good's syndrome is a rare condition of immunodeficiency that is characterized by thymoma and hypogammaglobulinemia. A 74-year-old Japanese woman underwent total thymothymectomy for type AB thymoma (2015 WHO classification). She developed recurrent infectious diseases caused by Escherichia coli (bacteremia), Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonia and bacteremia) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (bacteremia) in the year after thymectomy. The serum levels of immunoglobulin were significantly low (IgG 157mg/dL), which suggested that her infectious diseases were associated with Good's syndrome. Although she began receiving intravenous immunoglobulin every four weeks, she died of pneumonia a week after the second administration of immunoglobulin. When physicians encounter patients with recurrent infection who have a medical history of thymoma, the detection of hypogammaglubulinemia can be a key clue to the diagnosis of Good's syndrome. Keywords: Good's syndrome, Thymoma, Immunodeficiency, Hypogammaglobulinemia
- Published
- 2018
28. Scrotal ulcer due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant
- Author
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Yoshihiko, Ogawa, Kei, Kasahara, Tomoko, Asada, Shingo, Yoshihara, Nobuyasu, Hirai, Ryutaro, Furukawa, Tomoko, Nishimura, Keitaro, Ohmori, Ryuichi, Nakano, Hisakazu, Yano, and Keiichi, Mikasa
- Subjects
Male ,Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,HIV Infections ,Minocycline ,Middle Aged ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ,Community-Acquired Infections ,Treatment Outcome ,Japan ,Genes, Bacterial ,Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Scrotum ,Humans ,Methicillin Resistance ,Homosexuality, Male ,Ulcer - Published
- 2019
29. Eukaryotes Appearing
- Author
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Shin-ichi Yokobori and Ryutaro Furukawa
- Published
- 2019
30. The Prognosis of Small Cell Lung Cancer in Patients with Pulmonary Fibrosis
- Author
-
Yoko Matsumoto, Sayaka Ohara, Ryutaro Furukawa, and Kazuhiro Usui
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,Time Factors ,Pulmonary Fibrosis ,Pulmonary disease ,Kaplan-Meier Estimate ,Disease ,Gastroenterology ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Risk Factors ,Fibrosis ,Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ,Internal medicine ,Pulmonary fibrosis ,medicine ,Overall survival ,Humans ,In patient ,Aged ,Neoplasm Staging ,Retrospective Studies ,Aged, 80 and over ,business.industry ,Retrospective cohort study ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Treatment Outcome ,030104 developmental biology ,Pulmonary Emphysema ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,Non small cell ,business - Abstract
Background/aim The purpose of this study was to assess the prognosis of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) based on the underlying pulmonary disease. Patients and methods A total of 204 patients with SCLC were reviewed and categorized into three groups: normal, emphysema and fibrosis. Results The median overall survival duration (OS) in patients with normal lungs (n=57), with emphysema (n=105) and fibrosis (n=42) was 21.3, 16.4 and 10.8 months (p=0.063). In limited-stage disease (LD), the median OS in patients with fibrosis (7.4 months) was shorter than normal (52.7 months) or emphysema patients (26.4 months) (p=0.034). In extensive-stage disease (ED), the median OS in patients with fibrosis (12.7 months) was not significantly different from normal (11.4 months) or emphysema patients (13.5 months) (p=0.600). Conclusion Patients with fibrosis had a poorer prognosis than normal or emphysema patients in LD-SCLC, but the coexistence of pulmonary fibrosis did not affect the prognostic outcomes in ED-SCLC.
- Published
- 2017
31. The efficacy of anti-fibrotic agents for acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
- Author
-
Kazuhiro Usui, Ryutaro Furukawa, Yoko Matsumoto, and Sayaka Ohara
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Anti fibrotic ,Exacerbation ,Cyclophosphamide ,business.industry ,Guideline ,Pirfenidone ,medicine.disease ,Gastroenterology ,respiratory tract diseases ,Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Internal medicine ,Medicine ,Nintedanib ,business ,Severe complication ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Acute exacerbation (AE) is a severe complication of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The clinical benefit of anti-fibrotic agents for AE-IPF is unclear. We retrospectively reviewed the prognosis of AE-IPF according to treatment regimen. Methods: A total of 67 patients with AE-IPF between May 2005 and July 2016 were reviewed. IPF was diagnosed according to the ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT clinical practice guideline. AE-IPF was diagnosed according to the revised definition and diagnostic criteria proposed by international working group. The clinical characteristics and survival were then compared. Results: Fifty-seven patients (85.1%) were male and the median age was 77 years. The median serum KL-6 levels were 1331 U/mL and the median P/F ratio was 248 at the diagnosis of AE-IPF. All patients were treated with corticosteroids, including intravenous high-dose corticosteroid therapy (n=65). Twenty-nine patients (43.3%) were treated with immunosuppressant agents (cyclosporine A, n=23; cyclophosphamide, n=7) and 16 patients (23.9%) were treated with anti-fibrotic agents (pirfenidone, n=13; nintedanib, n=4). The median overall survival time (OS) was 4.6 months. The median OS in patients with anti-fibrotic agents was 6.6 months as compared to 3.9 months in those without anti-fibrotic agents (p=0.16). The median OS in patients with immunosuppressant agents was not significantly different from that in patients without immunosuppressant agents (4.9 months vs. 1.7 months, p=0.702). Conclusion: AE-IPF treated with anti-fibrotic agents showed good prognosis. Further investigation is necessary to elucidate the efficacy of anti-fibrotic agents in patients with AE-IPF.
- Published
- 2017
32. The clinical features of squamous cell lung carcinoma with sensitive EGFR mutations
- Author
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Yuri Taniguchi, Ryutaro Furukawa, Kazuhiro Usui, Yoko Matsumoto, and Sayaka Ohara
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,Male ,Lung Neoplasms ,Afatinib ,0302 clinical medicine ,Surgical oncology ,Epidermal growth factor receptor ,Aged, 80 and over ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Smoking ,Gefitinib ,Hematology ,General Medicine ,Exons ,Middle Aged ,ErbB Receptors ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Treatment Outcome ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ,Female ,medicine.drug ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Population ,Antineoplastic Agents ,03 medical and health sciences ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,education ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Aged ,Retrospective Studies ,Lung ,business.industry ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,030104 developmental biology ,Mutation ,biology.protein ,Quinazolines ,Surgery ,business ,Progressive disease - Abstract
The process of selecting patients on the basis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations would likely result in a patient population with greater sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). However, EGFR mutation status is not routinely examined in patients with squamous cell lung cancer (Sq) because of the low incidence of EGFR mutations and the poor clinical response to EGFR-TKIs. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical features of patients at our hospital with Sq who carried EGFR-TKI-sensitive EGFR mutations and assessed their responses to EGFR-TKIs. EGFR mutation status was tested in 23 of 441 patients with Sq (5.2%) admitted to our hospital during the study period. An EGFR mutation (exon 19 deletion 3, L858R 2) was identified in five of the 23 patients (21.7%), all of whom were female never-smokers. Of these five patients, four (4/9; 44.4%) were in the normal lung group, one (1/12; 8.3%) was in the emphysematous lung group, and none (0/2; 0%) in the fibrotic lung group. Two of these five patients with the EGFR mutation received gefitinib and two received afatinib. Although the two patients who were treated with gefitinib did not respond well to treatment (stable disease, 1 patient; progressive disease, 1 patient), the two patients who were treated with afatinib showed a good response (partial response, 2 patients). The administration of afatinib to Sq patients after selecting patients using the EGFR mutation test based on their underlying pulmonary disease and smoking status would likely result in a population with a greater sensitivity to afatinib.
- Published
- 2017
33. Characterization of a thermostable mutant of Agaricus brasiliensis laccase created by phylogeny-based design
- Author
-
Yuhi Hamuro, Katsuya Tajima, Naohito Ohno, Ryutaro Furukawa, Akiko Matsumoto-Akanuma, Akihiko Yamagishi, Sayaka Sakamoto, and Satoshi Akanuma
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,DNA, Complementary ,Agaricus ,Mutant ,Bioengineering ,Protein Engineering ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Isozyme ,Pichia ,Pichia pastoris ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mutant protein ,010608 biotechnology ,Complementary DNA ,Enzyme Stability ,Phylogeny ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Laccase ,biology ,Temperature ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,biology.organism_classification ,030104 developmental biology ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Mutation ,Biocatalysis ,Mutant Proteins ,Heterologous expression ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Laccases are enzymes that oxidize various aromatic compounds, and therefore they have attracted much attention from the standpoints of medical and industrial applications. We previously isolated the cDNA that codes for a laccase isozyme (Lac2a) from the medicinal mushroom Agaricus brasiliensis (Matsumoto-Akanuma et al., Int. J. Med. Mushrooms, 16, 375–393, 2014). In this study, we first attempted heterologous expression of the wild-type laccase using a Pichia pastoris secretory expression system. However, the trial was unsuccessful most likely because the enzyme was too unstable and degraded immediately after production. Therefore, we improved the stability of the laccase by using a phylogeny-based design method. We created a mutant laccase in which sixteen original residues were replaced with those found in the phylogenetically inferred ancestral sequence. The resulting mutant protein was successfully produced using the P. pastoris secretory expression system and then purified. The designed laccase showed catalytic properties similar to those of other fungal laccases. Moreover, the laccase is highly thermally stable at acidic and neutral pH and is also stable at alkaline pH at moderate temperatures. We expect that the laccase will serve as a useful tool for enzymatic polymerization of di-phenolic compounds.
- Published
- 2017
34. A case of gastric-type adenoma with chief cell and parietal cell differentiation surrounded by complete intestinal metaplasia
- Author
-
Ryutaro, Furukawa, Tsuneo, Oyama, Akiko, Takahashi, Nobukazu, Yorimitsu, Tadakazu, Shimoda, Hiroyoshi, Ota, and Satoshi, Shiozawa
- Subjects
Adenoma ,Male ,Intestinal Diseases ,Metaplasia ,Stomach Neoplasms ,Humans ,Cell Differentiation ,Endoscopy, Digestive System ,Aged - Abstract
A man in his 70s received Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of the stomach. A small, yellowish, protuberant lesion was later observed on the anterior wall of the lower body of the stomach on surveillance esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Narrow band imaging-magnified endoscopy showed an irregular pit and net-like vascular pattern, with the background mucosa having a light blue crest pattern. A biopsy was performed, which led to a diagnosis of adenoma with a gastric phenotype, so repeat ESD was performed. The freshly resected specimen showed a small, protuberant, flat lesion with a clear margin, and hematoxylin and eosin staining showed mild architectural and nuclear atypia. The shape of the atypical gland was similar to that of a fundic gland. MUC5AC, MUC6, pepsinogen A, and H
- Published
- 2017
35. Quest for Ancestors of Eukaryal Cells Based on Phylogenetic Analyses of Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases
- Author
-
Ryutaro Furukawa, Akihiko Yamagishi, Shin-ichi Yokobori, Takuya Kuroyanagi, and Mizuho Nakagawa
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Gene Transfer, Horizontal ,Sequence alignment ,Genome ,Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases ,Evolution, Molecular ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Monophyly ,Genetics ,Computer Simulation ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Molecular Biology ,Gene ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Phylogeny ,biology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Bacteria ,Base Sequence ,Models, Genetic ,Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase ,Eukaryota ,biology.organism_classification ,Archaea ,Biological Evolution ,030104 developmental biology ,Eukaryotic Cells ,chemistry ,Sequence Alignment ,Superphylum - Abstract
The three-domain phylogenetic system of life has been challenged, particularly with regard to the position of Eukarya. The recent increase of known genome sequences has allowed phylogenetic analyses of all extant organisms using concatenated sequence alignment of universally conserved genes; these data supported the two-domain hypothesis, which place eukaryal species as ingroups of the Domain Archaea. However, the origin of Eukarya is complicated: the closest archaeal species to Eukarya differs in single-gene phylogenetic analyses depending on the genes. In this report, we performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of 23 aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS). Cytoplasmic ARSs in 12 trees showed a monophyletic Eukaryotic branch. One ARS originated from TACK superphylum. One ARS originated from Euryarchaeota and three originated from DPANN superphylum. Four ARSs originated from different bacterial species. The other 8 cytoplasmic ARSs were split into two or three groups in respective trees, which suggested that the cytoplasmic ARSs were replaced by secondary ARSs, and the original ARSs have been lost during evolution of Eukarya. In these trees, one original cytoplasmic ARS was derived from Euryarchaeota and three were derived from DPANN superphylum. Our results strongly support the two-domain hypothesis. We discovered that rampant-independent lateral gene transfers from several archaeal species of DPANN superphylum have contributed to the formation of Eukaryal cells. Based on our phylogenetic analyses, we proposed a model for the establishment of Eukarya.
- Published
- 2016
36. Endoscopic bronchial occlusion for postoperative persistent bronchopleural fistula with computed tomography fluoroscopy guidance and virtual bronchoscopic navigation
- Author
-
Yoko Matsumoto, Ryutaro Furukawa, Jun Matsumoto, Masashi Kusakabe, Masahiro Yanagiya, Kazuhiro Usui, Masaaki Nagano, and Sayaka Ohara
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lung Neoplasms ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Bronchopleural fistula ,Adenocarcinoma ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,bronchial occlusion ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pneumonectomy ,Postoperative Complications ,0302 clinical medicine ,Bronchoscopy ,Occlusion ,medicine ,Humans ,Fluoroscopy ,Clinical Case Report ,Empyema ,bronchopleural fistula ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,virtual bronchoscopic navigation ,Pneumonia ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Pleural Diseases ,medicine.disease ,Bronchial Fistula ,computed tomography fluoroscopy ,030228 respiratory system ,Cardiothoracic surgery ,Radiology ,Tomography, X-Ray Computed ,business ,Research Article - Abstract
Rationale: The development of postoperative bronchopleural fistula (BPF) remains a challenge in thoracic surgery. We herein report a case of BPF successfully treated with endoscopic bronchial occlusion under computed tomography (CT) fluoroscopy and virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN). Patient concerns: A 63-year-old man underwent right upper lobectomy with concomitant S6a subsegmentectomy for lung adenocarcinoma. On postoperative day 24, he complained of shaking chills with high fever. Diagnoses: BPF with subsequent pneumonia and empyema. Interventions: Despite aggressive surgical interventions for the BPF, air leakage persisted postoperatively. On days 26 and 34 after the final operation, endobronchial occlusions were performed under CT fluoroscopy and VBN. Outcomes: The air leaks greatly decreased and the patient was discharged. Lessons: CT fluoroscopy and VBN can be useful techniques for endobronchial occlusion in the treatment of BPF.
- Published
- 2018
37. Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Containing Carbazole in the Main Chain
- Author
-
Hiroaki Kouzai, Takuya Ishida, Ryutaro Furukawa, and Arata Ishikawa
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Materials science ,Polymers and Plastics ,Carbazole ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,Polymer ,Conjugated system ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Polymerization ,Reagent ,Polymer chemistry ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Thermal stability ,Structural unit ,Tetrahydrofuran ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
We have synthesized novel conjugated polymer with a benzodioxane group and then polymerized them with a Ni-based reagent. A polymer was soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, acetone and tetrahydrofuran. The obtained polymer had a number-average molecular weight of 2200, and a weight-average molecular weight of 3500. The fluorescence spectrum of the polymer showed photoluminescence peaks at 420 nm. Further, from the TGA measurements, it was shown that the polymer had high thermal stability with the temperature of initial weight loss 440°C.
- Published
- 2009
38. ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Fullerenes by Cyclization of Three-Dimensional Macrocyclic Polyynes
- Author
-
Nobuko Nakagawa, Ryutaro Furukawa, Yoshito Tobe, and Hironobu Nakanishi
- Subjects
Fullerene ,Chemistry ,Organic chemistry ,General Medicine - Published
- 2010
39. ChemInform Abstract: [12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C36H8 and C36Cl8: The Smallest Paracyclophynes and Their Transformation into the Carbon Cluster Ion C-36
- Author
-
Yoshito Tobe, Motohiro Sonoda, Tomonari Wakabayashi, and Ryutaro Furukawa
- Subjects
Crystallography ,chemistry ,Dendrimer ,Calixarene ,Catenane ,Cluster (physics) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Medicine ,Carbon ,Transformation (music) ,Ion - Published
- 2010
40. [12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C(36)H(8) and C(36)Cl(8): The Smallest Paracyclophynes and Their Transformation into the Carbon Cluster Ion C(36)(-) This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture of Japan. Y.T. is grateful to Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. for the generous gift of an organosilicon reagent
- Author
-
Yoshito, Tobe, Ryutaro, Furukawa, Motohiro, Sonoda, and Tomonari, Wakabayashi
- Published
- 2002
41. [12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C
- Author
-
Yoshito, Tobe, Ryutaro, Furukawa, Motohiro, Sonoda, and Tomonari, Wakabayashi
- Abstract
The smallest [n.n]cyclophyne known, [12.12]paracyclophanedodecaynes C
- Published
- 2001
42. [12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C36H8 and C36Cl8: The Smallest Paracyclophynes and Their Transformation into the Carbon Cluster Ion C36−
- Author
-
Yoshito Tobe, Ryutaro Furukawa, Motohiro Sonoda, and Tomonari Wakabayashi
- Subjects
General Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Catalysis - Published
- 2002
43. [12.12]Paracyclophanedodecaynes C36H8 and C36Cl8: The Smallest Paracyclophynes and Their Transformation into the Carbon Cluster Ion C36− This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education,Science,Sports and Culture of Japan. Y.T. is grateful to Shin-Etsu Chemical Co. for the generous gift of an organosilicon reagent
- Author
-
Motohiro Sonoda, Ryutaro Furukawa, Tomonari Wakabayashi, and Yoshito Tobe
- Subjects
Fullerene ,Chlorine atom ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Photochemistry ,Mass spectrometric ,Catalysis ,Ion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Cluster (physics) ,Carbon ,Derivative (chemistry) ,Cyclophane - Abstract
The smallest [n.n]cyclophyne known, [12.12]paracyclophanedodecaynes C36 H8 and C36 Cl8 , were generated by [2+2] cycloreversion of its precursor under photolytic and mass spectrometric conditions. The stepwise loss of chlorine atoms from the anion of the octachloro derivative C36 Cl8- produced a carbon cluster anion C36- in the gas phase.
- Published
- 2001
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