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The existence of a platform at the stratosphere is expected to be the role to gain a foothold in space. When the platform is employed airship in, it is transported by advection due to its light-weight body. Thereupon, a mooring of platform is reasonable in order to incarnate fixed-point platform. Conception of a captive platform system is similar to the Rockoon one which rendered remarkable services for the space observation of the early days. Therefore, the application of captive platform system to the launch site is highly expected in order to realize the space transportation system with a large quantity and high frequency. In this study, the motion of a captive platform system constructed from an airship and a tether is analyzed in order to ensure that the motion of a captive platform system is practically incarnated. Moreover, the sensitivity of aerodynamic performance of the airship is observed. Consequently, the practically incarnated motion of a captive platform system has been identified under the condition of the storm environment. Furthermore, the reduction of the advection distance driven away by the storm has been quantitatively indicated under the different condition of aerodynamic performance of the airship.

Background. To address the cause(s) of the significant differences in chloride (Cl-) concentrations between point-of-care blood gas analyzers and central laboratory analyzers.Methods. Cl-concentrations measured simultaneously by a blood gas analyzer (ABL800 FLEX) and a central laboratory analyzer (Hitachi7600) were collected in patients with severe acidemia (pH<7.20) (n=32) and were examined for correlations between differences in Cl-and factors associated with the acid-base status. Cl-concentrations were measured with both analyzers for samples with different concentrations of lactate, inorganic phosphate, or bicarbonate (HCO3 −).Results. The differences in Cl-concentrations were correlated withHCO3 −concentrations (r=0.72,P<0.0001) and anion gap (r=0.69,P<0.0001). Only the addition ofHCO3 −proportionately increased Cl-levels measured by a Hitachi7600, but it did not affect those measured by an ABL800FLEX.Conclusion. Cl-measurements with some analyzers may be influenced byHCO3 −concentrations, which could result in the observed discrepancies.

In recent years, many universities have already launched small satellite on-orbit. Attitude information is important for satellite operation. However, many nano-satellite communication systems used amateur radio by narrow bandwidth frequency segment. Therefore, down-link of attitude information is expected to require substantial time. In this paper, we propose establishment of the attitude estimation method by means of the received radio power. And, satellite attitude information being estimated from the fluctuation of the received power. Then, comparison of satellite data obtained from on-board sensors with ground experiment. One major problem in this approach is the effect of Earth's ionosphere. As the radio signal passes through the ionosphere, the polarization angle is rotated by the Faraday Effect. The detection of attitude by the radiation pattern has been assumed that inaccurate. However, we are get data the spin satellite of liner polarization antenna. As a result, we can estimate 0.12rad/s accuracy of angular velocity measurement. This method can be applied to the attitude detection of many small satellites.

Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is currently the leading cause of transfusion-related death. A 67-year-old man with severe aplastic anemia developed TRALI, consisting of acute respiratory insufficiency with severe hypoxia and diffuse pulmonary infiltration 2 hours after the transfusion of platelet concentrates. Although he required intensive respiratory support, he promptly recovered within 4 days. The presence of anti-HLA antibody (anti-HLA B52) in the donated blood product was demonstrated, and a lymphocytotoxicity test disclosed antibody-mediated cytotoxicity against the patient's cells. Furthermore, administration of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor was suggested to predispose the patient to TRALI by priming the neutrophils.

A station-keeping platform in the stratosphere can be a novel foothold toward spaceactivities. If the platform is conformed as free-ight LTA vehicles, there are possibilitiesthat they may be blown away by the atmospheric advection due to its free-ight nature.Therefore, mooring this type of platform to the ground by a cable will be much easierto hold it in position. This concept of a captive platform system looks somewhat similarto rockoon systems which provided remarkably good services for the space observation inthe past days. Namely, application of a captive platform system to a rocket launch padis well expected to realize a space transportation system of ample payload capacity withmuch frequent services. In addition, this newly conceived system will have a wide spectrumrange of application elds such as agriculture, meteorology, communication, etc. However,several technical issues are identi ed to materialize such a captive stratospheric platform.In these studies, summary results are presented for each of these technical issue itemsregarding ight tests, tether system operation, and wireless communication experiment.Consequently, useful knowledge has been empirically acquired concerning the above issuesin order to construct a captive LTA stratospheric platform.

The existence of a platform at the stratosphere is expected to be the role to gain a foothold in space. When the platform is employed airship in, it is transported by advection due to its lighter-than-air body. Thereupon, a mooring of platform is reasonable in order to incarnate fixed-point platform. Conception of a captive platform system is similar to the Rockoon one which rendered remarkable services for the space observation of the early days. Therefore, the application of captive platform system to the launch site is highly expected in order to realize the space transportation system with a large quantity and high frequency. In this study, the motion of a captive platform system constructed from an airship and tethers is analyzed in order to ensure that the motion of a captive platform system is practically incarnated. Moreover, the sensitivities of aerodynamic performance and buoyancy of the airship is observed. Consequently, the practically incarnated motion of a captive platform system has been identified under the condition of the storm environment. Furthermore, the reduction of the advection distance driven away by the storm has been quantitatively indicated under the different conditions of aerodynamic performance and buoyancy of the airship. The sensitivities of the lift and buoyancy of the airship for the motion of a system has been revealed in order to conceptually design airship geometry.

For the image reconstruction of the snow search radar based on the principle of multifrequency holography method, the values of the relative permittivity of snow to be interrogated are needed. Since the relative permittivity of snow changes by various factors, it was necessary to measure it by some means at the same time as the search. The relative permittivity of the snow with low water content which is the medium of the snow search radar has a strong correlation with the density of the snow. Hence, the relative permittivity was estimated by measurement of the density in the past. To eliminate such a procedure, it is necessary to estimate the relative permittivity of the snow from the multifrequency hologram which comprises the data obtained by the snow search radar. In the multifrequency hologram, the information along the frequency axis and that on the azimuth axis are recorded independently. In addition, the distance information in each axis varies in the direction opposite to that of the change of relative permittivity. This property was used for automatically estimating the relative permittivity of snow by discriminating the focusing of the reconstructed image. In this paper, a method is presented for estimating the relative permittivity of snow from the data of the snow search radar. The results are given for processing of actual data.

In this paper, it is verified that the angular velocity of the small satellite can be estimated from the cycle of the received signal intensity. Estimated angular velocity from received signal coincides with that valuated from on-board sensor of gyro and magnetometer. It will be possible that high sampling rate and multi position measurement as demonstrated in this experiment gives us more information about satellite attitude.

Hokkaido Satellite Project was kicked off at April in 2003 by the volunteer group that consists of students, researchers and engineers in order to demonstrate the space business models using nanosatellites of 15kg/50kg in Japan. The Hokkaido satellite named "TAIKI" is characterized by a hyperspectral sensor with a VNIR (visible and near infrared range) and a laser communication instrument for data downlink communication. At the beginning of 2008 we started to develop a space qualified hyperspectral sensor HSC3000 based on the optical design of HSC1700. Last year we developed the hyperspectral camera HSC-3000 BBM funded by New Energy Development Organization (NEDO) as the position of the breadboard model of HSC3000. HSC-3000 BBM is specified by the spectral range from 400nm to 1000nm, 81 spectral bands, image size of 640 x 480 pixels, radiometric resolution of 10 bits and data transfer rate of 200 f/s. By averaging outputs of several adjacent pixels to increase S/N, HSC3000 of the spaceborne is targeted at the specification of 30 m spatial resolution, 61 spectral bands, 10 nm spectral resolution and S/N300. Spin-off technology of the hyperspectral imager is also introduced. We have succeeded to develop a hyperspectral camera as the spin-off product named HSC1700 which installs both the hyperspectral sensor unit and a scanning mechanism inside. The HSC1700 is specified by the spectral range from 400nm to 800nm, 81 spectral bands, image size of 640 x 480 pixels, radiometric resolution of 8 bits and data transfer rate of 30 f/s.

This paper deals with the short and long distance (10-1400 km) site-diversity (SD) characteristics by using a newly developed measuring system. In the proposed measuring method six Earth-stations transmit QPSK signals and one measuring Earth-station receives signals and processes them for site-diversity characteristics. As a result, easy operation and maintenance, low cost measuring system construction and high accuracy data can be obtained. By comparing these measured results with the site-diversity joint probability approximation equation in CCIR Rep. 564-4, relatively good agreement can be found.

Satellite communication technologies are now highly developed and high quality, distance-independent-services have expanded over very wide areas. In particular, low cost very small aperture terminal (VSAT) services for data, voice and video communications have expanded widely with new services and new applications. The Hokkaido Integrated Telecommunications (HIT) network has been examined with satellite communication systems and newly-built optical fiber or low cost SHF band terrestrial radio networks. By using the HIT network, economical and highly functional services, including expansion of the network to rural areas can be realized. As for the system design of the HIT network, it must be constructed as economically as possible. Furthermore, to apply the 14/12 GHz band VSAT system, it must first overcome rain attenuation discontinuity of the satellite links, which is most difficult problem to the 14/12 GHz band. To resolve those problems, several propagation experiments were carried out; (1) determination of the rain margin measurement for optimum design of the HIT network, and (2) site diversity characteristics measurement. The propagation characteristics for 14/12 GHz band are measured via the JCSAT-1 transponder by using a newly developed measuring method.

In this paper, we propose a holographic image transmission method by communication satellite, where hologram data using long-wavelength waves such as microwaves and acoustic waves is transmitted and images are reconstructed from the received hologram data. This technique is related to the technique of three-dimensional (3-D) image transmission by a communication satellite. An experiment for hologram data transmission by a Japanese communication satellite (JCSAT-2) was carried out, where data of a Snow Search Radar System(SSRS)[1][2] was used for transmission experiment. The SSRS is a 3-D imaging radar system used for searching of objects under accumulated snow. We propose a system with a communication satellite which connects a searching field where the SSRS operates and a laboratory where we can process images with a high performance computer system. The environmental conditions under which SSRS operations are carried out are not always good due to bad weather, various extraneous noises, and so on. A method of hologram transmission has an advantage in that images can be transmitted even under such noisy and adverse conditions. Experiments of transmission of SSRS data were performed to verify this advantage.

Recently neural network techniques have been used in various field including signal processing, where this technique is applied to the spectrum estimation, direction estimation of the radio wave and so on. In this paper we propose a neural network processing to improve resolution of the reconstructed images from holograms of long-wavelength, such as acoustical and microwave holograms. Since the wavelengthes are long in such waves, improvement of resolution is necessary, because the apertures of hologram planes are narrow compared with the optical holography, resulting in the low-quality reconstructed image.