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In view of the large amount of oblique photography 3D model data and the fact that high-performance hardware devices cannot load and render massive oblique photography 3D models at one time, this paper provides a fast scheduling method for massive oblique photography 3D models: get the tile radius, side length, scheduling range, and other parameters from the original data, normalize the original tile to a hundred grid, use a regular grid + quadtree + hexadecimal tree to build a tile spatial index, resample the tile data at each level to generate the elevation model DEM and the real radiographic image TDOM, and use the DEM+TDOM method to reconstruct the layered and block top-level 3D model to achieve rapid scheduling and rendering of massive oblique photography 3D models. Experiments show that the method is efficient and feasible and can meet the visualization and real-time interaction requirements of massive urban 3D models.

Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis (Ma and Yuan) (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important pest of bamboo—feeding behavior and silk production by the female adult mites is seriously harmful to bamboo leaves. Due to its small size, silking and cocooning, its management is difficult. This study discusses a fast and easy method for management of the pest by disturbing the spinning behavior. Stigmaeopsis nanjingensis is host specific and feeds only on bamboo leaves. Leaf margins of bamboo are highly hydrophobic, which makes dsRNA difficult to immerse. Hence, it is a challenge to apply the commonly used feeding method to inhibit gene expression in mites. In this study, we deliver dsRNA to interfere with the expression of fibroin by body wall permeation with a nanocarrier-based delivery system. The dsRNA/nanocarrier formulation droplets could enter the body cavity within 2 min after falling on the mite. The fibroin silencing efficiency was 75.4%, and the results of electron microscopy showed that dsRNA/nanocarrier damage the morphological structure of the silk thread. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of a nanocarrier-based percutaneous dsRNA delivery system in S. nanjingensis and its effect on the fibroin gene that influences the spinning behavior of S. nanjingensis. These findings may provide a new delivery system for RNAi-based control of spider mites that utilize protective webbing in the field.

A carbon-based solid acid catalyst was prepared from papermaking sludge via calcining followed by sulfonation with p-toluenesulfonic acid. The micromorphology of several catalysts were compared via SEM, FT-IR, N2 adsorption-desorption, XPS, and UV spectrum. It was found that the micromorphologies of biochar surface modified with concentrated H2SO4, p-toluenesulfonic acid, and sulfanilic acid were different and closely related to the binding mechanism. The biochar and p-toluenesulfonic acid exhibited π-π* stacking and hydrophobic effects. The suitable pores and gaps on the biochar surface were the key to the loading of p-toluenesulfonic acid. However, no π-π* stacking and hydrophobic effects were observed between the biochar and sulfanilic acid. The amidation grafting of sulfanilic acid to the biochar surface could lift the restriction of surface pore structure. The catalytic performance of these catalysts was evaluated via fructose, glucose, and cellulose degradation to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The HMF yield from fructose, glucose, and cellulose was 92.9%, 60.7%, and 28.6%, respectively, with the carbon-based solid acid catalyst. The carbon-based solid acid catalyst prepared from papermaking sludge and p-toluenesulfonic acid has the following advantages: a simple process, is environmentally friendly, and has good catalytic performance; as such, it has the prospect of industrialization.

Lead (Pb) implicated in multiple genotoxic, neuroepigenotoxic and chromosomal-toxic mechanisms and interacted with varying synaptic plasticity pathways, likely underpinning previous reports of links between Pb and cognitive impairment. Epigenetic changes have emerged as a promising biomarker for neurological disorders, including cognitive disorders, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) etc. In the present review, special attention is paid to neural epigenetic features and mechanisms that can alter gene expression patterns upon environmental Pb exposure in rodents, primates and zebrafish. Epigenetic modifications have also been discussed in population studies and cell experiment. Further, we explore growing evidence that potential linkage between Pb-induced disruption of regulatory pathway and neurodevelopmental and neurological disorders both in vivo and in vitro. These findings uncover how epigenome in neurons facilitates the development and function of the brain in response to Pb insult.

Phytoseiid mites are important natural enemies of spider mites. Sex-determination mechanism are important basic scientific issues in the reproduction and evolution of predatory mites. Clarifying sex-determination mechanism may provide reference for exploring genetic approach to have the phytoseiid mites produce more female offspring, which could improve their effectiveness as a biological control agent.We used transcriptome sequencing to identify and characterize 20 putative sex-determination genes in the phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus californicus, a species with uncommon pseudo-arrhenotoky, including doublesex-like (dsx1-like), transformer-2 (tra-2), intersex (ix), and fruitless-like (BTB2). A significant negative correlation was found between prey stress and offspring sex ratio. But the most genes identified showed no difference in expression between the groups with lowest and highest female offspring ratios. The hatching rate and sex ratio of female offspring were reduced when the ix gene was silenced, and the oviposition days and fecundity were reduced when the BTB2 gene was silenced. The fecundity was reduced when the tra2 gene was silenced and the snf gene is essential for oviposition in female. There was no effect on reproduction and female sex determination when silencing the dsx1-like and dsx2-like gene.The genes BTB2, tra2 and snf are involved in oviposition, and ix may be involved in female sex determination and egg formation in Neoseiulus californicus. The results are conductive to further understanding molecular regulatory mechanism of sex determination in predatory mites and may provide a reference for better use of this predatory by producing more females. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cleavage of ether bonds is a crucial but challenging step for lignin valorization. To efficiently realize this transformation, the development of robust catalysts or catalytic systems is required. In this study, montmorillonite (MMT)-supported Ru (denoted as Ru/MMT) is fabricated as a dual-functional heterogeneous catalyst to cleave various types of ether bonds through transfer hydrogenolysis without using any additional acids or bases. The prepared Ru/MMT material is found to efficiently catalyze the cleavage of various lignin models and lignin-derived phenols; cyclohexanes (fuels) and cyclohexanols (key intermediates) are the main products. The synergistic effect between electron-enriched Ru and the acidic sites on MMT contributes to the excellent performance of Ru/MMT. Systematic studies reveal that the reaction proceeds through two possible reaction pathways, including the direct cleavage of ether bonds and the formation of intermediates with one hydrogenated benzene ring, for all examined types of ether bonds, namely, 4-O-5, α-O-4, and β-O-4.

Background The neurotrophic parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) has been implicated as a risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is only limited information concerning its underlying mechanism and therapeutic strategy. Here, we investigated the effects of T. gondii chronic infection on the goal-directed cognitive behavior in mice. Moreover, we evaluated the preventive and therapeutic effect of dimethyl itaconate on the behavior deficits induced by the parasite. Methods The infection model was established by orally infecting the cysts of T. gondii. Dimethyl itaconate was intraperitoneally administered before or after the infection. Y-maze and temporal order memory (TOM) tests were used to evaluate the prefrontal cortex-dependent behavior performance. Golgi staining, transmission electron microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence, western blot, and RNA sequencing were utilized to determine the pathological changes in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Results We showed that T. gondii infection impaired the prefrontal cortex-dependent goal-directed behavior. The infection significantly downregulated the expression of the genes associated with synaptic transmission, plasticity, and cognitive behavior in the prefrontal cortex of mice. On the contrary, the infection robustly upregulated the expression of activation makers of microglia and astrocytes. In addition, the metabolic phenotype of the prefrontal cortex post infection was characterized by the enhancement of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation, the blockage of the Krebs cycle, and the disorder of aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1)-itaconate axis. Notably, the administration of dimethyl itaconate significantly prevented and treated the cognitive impairment induced by T. gondii, which was evidenced by the improvement of behavioral deficits, synaptic ultrastructure lesion and neuroinflammation. Conclusion The present study demonstrates that T. gondii infection induces the deficits of the goal-directed behavior, which is associated with neuroinflammation, the impairment of synaptic ultrastructure, and the metabolic shifts in the prefrontal cortex of mice. Moreover, we report that dimethyl itaconate has the potential to prevent and treat the behavior deficits.

As a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal, lead (Pb) exposure is known to be implicated in the onset and development of neurodegenerative diseases which may cause more serious health hazards with age and the accumulation of Pb in the body. Autophagy is the main degradation route for abnormal aggregated proteins and damaged cell organelles. Here, we aimed to study the effects of adolescent Pb exposure on autophagy at different life nodes. In this study, we developed a time-series model of Pb exposure in mice and randomly divided 4-week-old male C57BL/6 mice into six groups (4 C, 13 C, 16 C, 4Pb, 13Pb and 16Pb). Mice in Pb groups was consumed deionized water containing 0.2 % Pb(Ac)

Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +)-dependent protein deacetylase that exerts biological effects through nucleoplasmic transfer. Recent studies have highlighted that SIRT1 deacetylates protein substrates to exert its neuroprotective effects, including decreased oxidative stress and inflammatory, increases autophagy, increases levels of nerve growth factors (correlated with behavioral changes), and maintains neural integrity (affects neuronal development and function) in aging or neurological disorder. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective role of SIRT1 in modulating neurodegeneration, focusing on protein homeostasis, aging-related signaling pathways, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity. Meanwhile, the potential of targeting SIRT1 to block the occurrence and progression of neurodegenerative diseases is also discussed. Taken together, this review provides an up-to-date evaluation of our current understanding of the neuroprotective mechanisms of SIRT1 and also be involved in the potential therapeutic opportunities of AD and related neurodegenerative diseases.

Plant pathogens pose major threats on agriculture and horticulture, causing significant economic loss worldwide. Due to the continuous and excessive use of synthetic pesticides, emergence of pesticide resistant pathogens has become more frequent. Thus, there is a growing needs for environmentally-friendly and selective antimicrobial agents with a novel mode of action, which may be used in combination with conventional pesticides to delay development of pesticide resistance. In this study, we evaluated the potentials of lichen substances as novel biopesticides against eight bacterial and twelve fungal plant pathogens that have historically caused significant phytopathological problems in South Korea. Eight lichen substances of diverse chemical origins were extracted from axenic culture or dried specimen, and further purified for comparative analysis of their antimicrobial properties. Usnic acid and vulpinic acid exhibited strong antibacterial activities against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis. In addition, usnic acid and vulpinic acid were highly effective in the growth inhibition of fungal pathogens, such as Diaporthe eres, D. actinidiae, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Intriguingly, the growth of Rhizoctonia solani was specifically inhibited by lecanoric acid, indicating that lichen substances exhibit some degrees of selectivity to plant pathogens. These results suggested that lichen substance can be used as a selective biopesticide for controlling plant disease of agricultural and horticultural significance, minimizing possible emergence of pesticide resistant pathogens in fields.

Increasing research is illuminating the intricate roles of metal ions in neural development as well as neurological disorders, which may stem from misregulation or dysfunction of epigenetic modifiers. Lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al), and arsenic were chosen for critical review because they have become serious public health concerns due to globalization and industrialization. In this review, we will introduce various modes of action of metals and consider the role of two posttranslational modifications: histone acetylation and methylation and how each of them affects gene expression. We then summarize the findings from previous studies on the neurological outcomes and histone alterations in response to the metals on each of the previously described histone modifications mechanisms. Understanding metal-induced histone modifications changes could provide better insight on the mechanism through which neurotoxicity occurs, to propose and validate these modifications as possible biomarkers for early identification of neurological damage, and can help model targeted therapies for the diseases of the brain.

The health risks to populations induced by lead (Pb) and high-fat diets (HFD) have become a global public health problem. Pb and HFD often co-exist and are co-occurring risk factors for cognitive impairment. This study investigates effect of combined Pb and HFD on cognitive function, and explores the underlying mechanisms in terms of regulatory components of synaptic plasticity and insulin signaling pathway. We showed that the co-exposure of Pb and HFD further increased blood Pb levels, caused body weight loss and dyslipidemia. The results from Morris water maze (MWM) test and Nissl staining disclosed that Pb and HFD each contributed to cognitive deficits and neuronal damage and combined exposure enhanced this toxic injury. Pb and HFD decreased the levels of synapsin-1, GAP-43 and PSD-95 protein related to synaptic properties and SIRT1, NMDARs, phosphorylated CREB and BDNF related to synaptic plasticity regulatory, and these decreases was greater when combined exposure. Additionally, we revealed that Pb and HFD promoted IRS-1 phosphorylation and subsequently reduced downstream PI3K-Akt kinases phosphorylation in hippocampus and cortex of rats, and this process was aggravated when co-exposure. Collectively, our data suggested that combined exposure of Pb and HFD enhanced cognitive deficits, pointing to additive effects in rats than the individual stress effects related to multiple signaling pathways with CREB-BDNF signaling as the hub. This study emphasizes the need to evaluate the effects of mixed exposures on brain function in realistic environment and to better inform prevention of neurological disorders via modulating central pathway, such as CREB/BDNF signaling.

Lead (Pb) poses a potential environmental risk factor for cognitive dysfunction during early life and childhood. Resveratrol is considered a promising antioxidant with respect to the prevention of cognitive deficits and act as a potent SIRT1 agonist. Herein, this study aims to investigate the profile of neurogenesis markers following Pb exposure and to determine the regulatory role of resveratrol in this process. We confirmed firstly the protective effects of resveratrol against Pb-induced impairments of hippocampal neurogenesis in Male SD rats. Pb exposure early in life caused the altered expression of Ki-67, NeuN, caspase-3 and SIRT1 signaling, thereby resulting in spatial cognitive impairment of adolescent rats. As expected, resveratrol reduced cognitive damage and promoted neurogenesis in Pb-induced injury by regulation of SIRT1 pathway. Collectively, our study establishes the efficacy of resveratrol as a neuroprotective agent and provides a strong rationale for further studies on SIRT1-mediated mechanisms of neuroprotective functions.

This study examined the neuroprotective properties of resveratrol (Res) and its target sirtuin1 (SIRT1) against lead (Pb)-mediated toxicity and discovered that both resveratrol treatment and SIRT1 overexpression restored blocked autophagic flux as well as reduced β-amyloid (Aβ) contents. Four-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were employed to consumed 0.2% Pb(Ac)2 solution or deionized water for 3 months followed by 12 months of Res (50 mg/kg BW) or vehicle gavage. In in vitro study, SH-SY5Y cells were pretreated with the SIRT1 activator SRT1720 (2 μM) or the inhibitor EX527 (2 μM) for 2 h, then 25 μM of Pb(Ac)2 was added and incubated for 48 h. Western blotting, RT-qPCR, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and Lyso-Tracker Red Staining were next used to estimate the potential alterations of the autophagic pathway as well as BACE1-mediated amyloid processing in response to Pb exposure, respectively. Our data revealed that Res treatment or SIRT1 activation resisted the induction of autophagy by Pb exposure through inhibition of LC3 and Beclin-1 expression and promoted the degradation of Aβ and Tau phosphorylation. Besides, the SIRT1 activator (SRT1720) downregulated the expression of BACE1, the rate-limiting enzyme for Aβ production, by inhibiting the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in Pb-treated SH-SY5Y cells, which resulted in reduced Aβ production. Collectively, we verified the role of Res-SIRT1-autophagy as well as the SIRT1-NF-κB-BACE1 pathway in Pb-induced neuronal cell injury by in vivo or in vitro models. Our findings further elucidate the important role of SIRT1 and Res in counteracting Pb neurotoxicity, which may provide new interventions and targets for the subsequent treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

The binding of dissolved organic matter (DOM) with metals affects the latter's biogeochemical processing in the environment. This study used multi-spectroscopic analyses to compare the heterogeneities of the Cu(II) binding properties of DOM derived from fresh and pyrolyzed biomaterials. The results showed that the DOM derived from fresh macrophyte (MDOM) and their corresponding biochar (BDOM) consisted mostly of protein-like and humic-like substances, respectively. The stability constant (log KM) of protein-like matter in the MDOM was 5.27, and the values of humic-like components in the BDOM were 4.32–5.15. Compared with the MDOM, the BDOM exhibited lower affinities and active binding sites for Cu(II). In addition, the BDOM contents decreased after pyrolysis. Therefore, the pyrolysis of fresh biomaterials into biochar is a promising method for reducing the potential migration risk posed by Cu(II) due to the MDOM being a positive carrier for Cu(II) contamination. Polysaccharide was the only functional group that participated in the binding of Cu(II) in both MDOM and BDOM. Aliphatic groups and amides associated with protein-like matter were responsible for the Cu(II) binding to MDOM, whereas phenolic and aromatic groups mainly participated in the complexation of BDOM-Cu(II). The C O group of amide I in the MDOM, and polysaccharide in the BDOM, showed the fastest response to Cu(II). This study was helpful for elucidating the effects of fresh and pyrolyzed biomaterials (biochars) on the environmental behavior of Cu(II) at the molecular level.

Dc motor plays an important role in all walks of life, and motor speed is one of the important performance indicators. With the development of science and technology, PWM speed regulation becomes a way of motor speed regulation. Because of motor is widely used in automobile industry, this design at this point, based on freescale series are widely used in automobile industry S912XET256J2MAA chip of dc motor drive system for research, mainly through S912XET256J2MAA and BTS7960 chip controlled PWM dc motor speed control system, by changing the PWM duty cycle to change the rotating speed of dc motor. Displacement sensors are used in this system the data, the dc motor speed regulation, can make the motor according to the depth of the displacement sensor, in turn, determined by the linear relationship between rotating speed, implementation of acceleration and deceleration control of dc motor.

Experiments regarding to biomass gasification using chemical looping (BGCL) were carried out in a fluidized bed reactor under argon atmosphere. Iron ore (natural hematite) was used as an oxygen carrier in the study. Similar to steam, a performance of oxygen carrier which provided oxygen source for biomass gasification by acting as a gasifying medium was found. An optimum Fe2O3/C molar ratio of 0.23 was determined with the aim of obtaining maximum gas yield of 1.06 Nm3/kg and gasification efficiency of 83.31%. The oxygen carrier was gradually deactivated with reduction time increasing, inhibiting the carbon and hydrogen in biomass from being converted into synthesis gas. The fraction of Fe2+ increased from 0 to 47.12% after reduction time of 45 min, which implied that active lattice oxygen of 49.75% was consumed. The oxygen carrier of fresh and reacted was analyzed by a series of characterization methods, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).

The calculation of the building differential pressure (DP) setpoint based on the water flow-rate is discussed in this paper. How to find the coefficient (k) of water piping system in any case is the key in the calculation. The condition of the building DP calculation is documented to make sure its correction. The theory of pump working point matching water system curve is applied to find k in the procedure. After adjusting the pressure drop on each air handling unit and water balance for the system, the measurement of the water flow-rate and the building DP can be taken and system k can be calculated. Then, an example of the building DP calculation is given. Keywords-Pump Speed Control; Flow-rate; Differential

The laboratory buildings are not main part of industrial buildings in the developing countries like China. However, the energy intensity of those buildings is on the top of industrial buildings because of requirement of temperature and relative humidity control. As an example in this paper, the recommissioning of a laboratory building in the industrial park located in the region of hot and humid climate is introduced, including in the issues of controls, optimization of temperature and relative humidity control and savings analysis. Keywords-Recommissioning; Laboratory Building; Industrial Park; Energy Saving I. RECOMMISSIONING AND FACILITY INTRODUCTION Recommissioning technology is widely used for recommissioning service, in order to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings because of inadequate understanding of the problems and insufficient engineering knowledge by some facility operations staff [1]. There are several benefits from recommissioning activates. First, during the recommissioning process, a thorough engineering inspection is conducted and measurements are made. Sustainable engineering solutions based on fundamental engineering principles are developed and implemented [2]. Second, through the recommissioning, the HAVC system can operate more efficiently to meet the building load. Design engineers face uncertainties in building design because they lack knowledge of actual occupancy levels and construction quality. To insure a workable building, HVAC systems are often designed with more capacity than required [3-4]. The HVAC engineers often pay little attention to part-load control and operation. Consequently, working as designed, a system may have poor energy performance. In addition, an excessively large system often creates comfort problems since it may not control well under very low load conditions. Third, during the recommissioning process, the recommissioning engineers work closely with the building staff to identify operating problems and determine optimal operating strategies. The staff is also heavily involved in the decisions to implement specific recommissioning measures and may actually implement these measures. They gain a higher level of skill and understanding of the engineering principles involved in optimal building operation [5]. Finally, the recommissioning can be a service as an enabling factor for a comprehensive facility overhaul. A comprehensive system overhaul or major system upgrade is often delayed or canceled due to lack of funding. This problem can be resolved if savings from the recommissioning process are used to fund the upgrade project [6-7]. The recommissioning process can have another significant impact on retrofit projects. It reduces the audit and engineering analysis cost since major costeffective measures are normally identified during the recommissioning process. It also decreases the risk of engineering mistakes during retrofits since the commissioning process results in an excellent understanding of the characteristics and operation of the existing systems. Consequently, retrofit costs can be controlled to a minimum [8-10]. The laboratory building recommissioned is a 3-story building with a basement. The total floor area of the building is about 7,800m2. The basement has a parking garage. The 1st floor is mainly offices and meeting rooms. The 2nd floor is a material lab. The 3rd floor has biological labs. There are 5 air handling units (AHUs) in the building. AHU-1, AHU-2 and AHU-3 are single-duct variable air volume (SDVAV) systems with the reheat terminal boxes and direct digital control (DDC) on the energy management control system (EMSC), serving the building from the 1st through the 3rd floors respectively. AHU-4 is a fresh air handling unit providing the fresh to the AHU-l International Conference on Logistics Engineering, Management and Computer Science (LEMCS 2015) © 2015. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 555 to AHU-3. AHU-5 serving the 3rd floor possessed is a make-up air handling unit with a heating coil only. Both of AHU-4 and AHU-5 were possessed with local pneumatic control. The terminal reheat boxes were possessed with local pneumatic control as well. The chilled water and heating hot water are served by two building pumps in the basement. Both chilled water and hot water pumps have variable frequency drive (VFD) for its speed control. The chilled water and heating hot water is from the water loop of Industrial Zone. There are 14 exhaust fans on the roof of the main part of the building. Twelve of them are used for exhaust in the laboratories on the 3rd floor, and other two are for restrooms exhaust. These AHUs and exhaust fans run 24 hours per day and 7 days per week. II. HAVC SYSTEMS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

This paper analyzes theoretically and practically a tendency of importance the role of Public Interest factors play in International Trade Commission (ITC) 337 investigations as it did in the forum of Anti-Monopoly Law in recent years.It first reviews the development of Public Interest factors in Anti-Monopoly Law, demonstrates the way in which we are undertaking to advance a new competition culture and policy. It then explains, from different perspectives and stages throughout the ITC 337 investigation process, the growing importance of Public Interest, which has the tendency in becoming the underlying rationale of the ITC ruling against serious threat to innovation and competition in a free market.In this paper, analysis for some most remarkable cases will show us that ITC 337 investigation, as a powerful process to investigate unfair foreign competition and protect U.S. domestic industry, and Anti-Monopoly Law, as a powerful tool to direct economy and achieve its market policy goal, had a shared important change with respects to Public Interest factors.

Cloud computing is becoming more and more popular recently, and this trend encourages large corporations and companies to outsource their data to a remote cloud server. However, the concern of data privacy and security is a huge problem which impedes the development of cloud computing. It is essential and necessary to propose a scheme to realize the information retrieval and protect the data privacy at the same time. Since ranked multi-keyword search is a pretty practical question in this area and it has a significant influence on the user experience, we would mainly focus on the scheme to achieve high performance and low cost multi-keyword ranked search. In this paper, we proposed a novel search scheme with Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform (J-L scheme for short) and a technique called "optimised maximum query" to live up to our efficiency demand. Furthermore, we established a complete system to guarantee a set of strict privacy requirements. Extensive experiments on real-world database are presented to show our proposed scheme's efficiency and accuracy.

After China was accepted as a formal member to the WTO and issued its new Anti-Monopoly Law after some thirteen years drafts, there is a tendency which is becoming more and more significant during the past several years. Foreign investors in China have given up a way to simply set up their own factories within the territory as they did in the past thirty years since China reformed and opened its market, instead, nowadays through the cross-border mergers and acquisitions to acquire Chinese enterprises to enter the Chinese market as the main way becomes preferred by most of them. This new tendency cause foreign mergers and acquisitions to take more subtle and diverse ways such as joint ownership as well as seizing indirect ownership of domestic enterprises by financial tools, which is becoming an uprising new issue and task of Anti Monopoly regulation in China. On the other hand, after the MOFCOM issued its new guideline against stealth acquisition, it becomes a common concern for foreign investor and their lawyers as well. This article tend to address the reasons and under what circumstances that Chinese policy maker take into their considerations in regard of this issue.

This thesis analyzes theoretically and practically the farm land reform and tendency of in China. It first reviews the current hot spots and situation in China, as well as its recent changes, demonstrates the emergent needs for China to reform its farm land regulation to accordance with its long term economic and social transition. It also explains that, from different perspectives, the balancing conflicts emerged between different value choices during this process and gives advices to provide possible solution as a core: Reform of the Land Transfer System.