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Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep moderasi Islam dalam perspektif Muhammad Quraish Shihab dan relevansinya dengan pendidikan agama Islam kontemporer. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan atau library research. Sumber data mendasarkan pada sumber data primer (utama) dan sekunder (dukungan atau pendukung). Sifat penelitian berupa metode deskriptif kualitatif dimana metode tersebut berusaha mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasikan objek sebagaimana adanya, data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis isi. Hasil analisis yang dilakukan penulis berkaitan dengan kajian pemikiran Yusuf Al-Qardhawi dan Muhammad Quraish Shihab yaitu: Yusuf Al-Qardhawi dan Muhammad Quraish Shihab memiliki kesamaan mengenai prinsip umum moderasi beragama, dimana pengertian tersebut teks agama harus memperhatikan konteks moderasi beragama dalam pendidikan Islam diwujudkan dengan memperhatikan unsur jasmani dan rohani manusia, memberikan materi pendidikan Islam yang menciptakan kerukunan, dan menggunakan metode diskusi yang melibatkan peserta didik.

Background: Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has a great influence on the sustainability of company development, so it can be considered a business model for business effectiveness. Objective: The objective of the research is to determine the mutual influence of real-estate companies’ activities and CSR effectiveness in different countries. This study examines indicators for assessing companies’ financial stability, CSR, and working capital management's influence on the activity effectiveness of real-estate companies. Methods/Analysis: Questionnaires, the principal component method, the Sobel test, and linear regression analysis are used to evaluate the relationship between CSR and the business performance of autocratic management-style companies. The authors’ algorithm for assessing a company’s financial stability, CSR, and capital management, which affect the efficiency of companies, is proposed. Findings: Empirical analysis has shown that management has no mediating effect on CSR and enterprise performance relationships for companies with high financial stability and working capital, though it has a stimulating effect for low financial stability companies. CSR and business performance have positive relationships in companies, but despite financial stability growing, the autocratic leadership style reduces interest in CSR development. This paper conceptualizes the impacts of CSR on the effectiveness of companies. Novelty: The novelty of this study is to create theoretical and practical provisions aimed at laws and regulations. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-08 Full Text: PDF

The article summarizes the results of the 2020–2022 independent assessment of the quality of the conditions for the provision of services in relation to educational organizations that carry out educational activities on educational programs of higher education and additional professional programs. The dynamics of the number of participants in the independent assessment procedure and their distribution among the main administrators of federal budget funds are presented. The results of the analysis of the final quality assessment for all organizations, as well as in the context of individual criteria and indicators are given. The authors noted the rather high quality of the conditions for the implementation of educational activities provided by the participating organizations of the procedure and a clear improvement in the quality of these conditions in the period from 2020 to 2022, and also made a conclusion about the effectiveness of the IQC procedure, about its stimulating, and not just controlling effect.

Some previous studies have already highlighted the importance of Quaternary sediments as geoheritage, although the related knowledge remains incomplete and geographically biased. Unique Quaternary features are often overlooked in areas famous for their pre-Quaternary geoheritage. Moreover, the already established high-value linked to pre-Quaternary phenomena require comprehensive descriptions; therefore, it is reasonable to analyze the related Quaternary features (even if these are only locally unique). For the purposes of the present study, three localities that form parts of larger geosites, and which represent Quaternary sediments of Mountainous Adygeya in the Western Caucasus, are characterized. They are assessed qualitatively, with a general description of sediments and attention paid to their origin, potential scientific importance, and accessibility. The Rufabgo Canyon hosts colluvial megaclast sediments. The Dakh–Sakhray Confluence exhibits typical alluvial sediment where detrital clasts are mixed with rather numerous Fe-rich concretions washed out from the parent rocks. The Stonesea Range exhibits mixed eluvial–deluvial sediment formed as a result of the karstification of carbonates and the erosion of overlaying red siliciclastics. All these sediments are of interest to scientists because they can be employed for promising research projects, revealing the peculiarities of the local patterns of Quaternary sedimentation. The localities under consideration are geoheritage points within the larger geosites and are perfectly accessible. Aside from their use by scientists, these localities can potentially be used by geosciences educators to train university students in sedimentology. In two cases, the sediments are also aesthetically important for attracting tourists. Generally, Quaternary sediments should be considered together with the other unique features represented in the geosites of Mountainous Adygeya.

The subject matter of study in the scientific article is cases of state terrorism (ST) that were committed against civil aviation aircraft. The goal is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of acts of unlawful interference related to ST. The tasks to be solved are: to analyze cases of ST against civil aviation objects, determine patterns and factors that contribute to ST, determine potential methods of implementation of acts of ST against civil aviation in the future, and propose recommendations for countering acts of unlawful interference and promising directions for future research. The methods used are: analysis, comparison, and generalization. The following results were obtained. Because of the conducted research, we have determined a list of ST acts committed against civil aviation facilities. The main methods and means of ST were determined during the analysis of the specified cases. By comparing the ways of performing these acts of unlawful interference and the existing means and measures to prevent terrorist attacks in civil aviation, a hypothesis was put forward that potential acts of ST against civil aviation in the future will have a hybrid nature. We have considered potential sources of danger. Among such threats are some countries that, pursuing their political goals, can use some methods: recruitment of employees of airport complexes; use of portable anti-aircraft missile systems; use of weapons and other devices manufactured using technologies that will prevent their detection. Among the measures that require constant control are also: inspections regarding possible connections of employees of civil aviation facilities with terrorist states or their representatives and constant maintenance of effective communication between airline management and the department of civil aviation in order to exchange information on possible cases of terrorist attacks. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the results obtained is as follows: cases of ST committed against civil aviation facilities were analyzed; the main danger of committing acts of ST came from dictatorial regimes trying to achieve their political goals; we have proposed a list of hybrid threats that may become the main methods of conducting acts of terrorism in the coming years; we have identified areas of research, the results of which will help to increase the level of protection of terrorist acts related to ST.

Purpose. Establishing effective and correct techniques for detecting the grain structure in structural medium-carbon steels taking into account the recommendations of modern standards (ДСТУ ISO, ASTM, ГОСТ) with the aim of reliably determining the austenitic grain size and putting into operation of metal with the well-known and required, according to the normative technical documentation (technical requirements, drawings) quality. Research methods. Metallographic analysis of microstructure and evaluation of the austenitic grain size were carried out by comparing the image revealed on polished and etched using various chemical reagents microsections of heat-treatable steel 40KHN2МА-Ш with etalon of scale of standard. Results. Studies of structural alloyed steel 40ХН2МА-Ш found that the most effective etchant reagent, which best detects initial austenitic grain boundaries in medium-carbon alloyed steels, is a standard reagent - a saturated aqueous solution of picric acid. As a result of etching in this reagent, a visible image of the grain structure is formed in the form of a clear contrast of light areas of the grain body and dark lines of the grain boundaries, which allows a correct comparison of the structure with the images of the standards on the scales. Scientific novelty. On the example of heat- treatable steel 40ХН2МА-Ш, the ways of further development of ideas regarding the choice of an effective chemical reagent are considered for the purpose of detecting and forming a visible grain structure in accordance with the requirements of methodical standards in structural medium-carbon steels, proper and reliable estimation of austenitіс grain size using standard scale. Practical value. A correct procedure for detecting the initial austenite grain is proposed, which allows to reliably determine the grain size and quality from this parameter of various structural steels including for the production of responsible parts of aircraft and spacecraft.

The conducted studies showed that projects of analysis and assessment of emergencies at critical infrastructure facilities have been initiated in Ukraine and abroad. The purpose of such a system is the formation of data for the development of architecture, demonstration analytics and a prototype of decision support capabilities, taking into account the use of currently available data and analytical methodologies. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which work with ground and air control points in emergencies, are planned as the basis for the construction of such a system. The subject of the study is methods of determining the rational number of UAV flotillas taking into account the assigned tasks and characteristics. Currently, there is no method for determining the rational number of a UAV flotilla, taking into account the reliability of the aircraft. An urgent scientific and technical task is the task of creating a rational number of the UAV flotilla, taking into account the reliability of the aircraft and the necessary quality of monitoring the situation in emergencies. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for determining the rational number of UAV flotillas taking into account the reliability of the aircraft and the necessary quality of monitoring the situation in emergencies. Research methods – provisions of risk theory, probability theory, combinatorics, mathematical apparatus of reliability theory, mathematical methods of optimization. Research results: an analysis of factors affecting the structure of the UAV grouping was carried out; the dependence of task performance on the probability of UAV failure under the influence of interfering factors was obtained; it is shown that in conditions with a low impact of interfering factors, the reliability of individual UAVs does not have a significant impact on the performance of assigned tasks. It has been established that with increasing influence of interfering factors, the probability of completing tasks depends on the reliability of the aircraft. Conclusions: The proposed method makes it possible to create a rational number of UAV flotillas taking into account the reliability of the aircraft and the necessary quality of monitoring the situation with a rational number of UAVs in emergencies.

A new type of long-lived solitary structures for paraxial optics with two circular polarizations of light in a homogeneous defocusing Kerr medium with an anomalous group velocity dispersion has been revealed numerically in the coupled nonlinear Schr\"odinger equations. A found hybrid three-dimensional soliton is a vortex ring against the background of a plane wave in one of the components, and the core of the vortex is filled with another component nonuniformly in azimuth angle. The existence of such quasistationary structures with a reduced symmetry in a certain parametric region is due to the saturation of the so-called sausage instability caused by the effective surface tension of a domain wall between two polarizations., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, in English

Abstract The current data on the place and time of origin of Acipenseriformes and the family Acipenseridae, as well as on their distribution in connection with the history of the development of sea and river basins, are summarized. The supposed areas of the initial radiation of Acipenseriformes and their long-term habitation were in eastern Laurasia on a part of the modern Chita Region, Eastern and Central Mongolia, and northern and northeastern China. The eastern part of Asia should also be considered the place of origin of the family Acipenseridae. The widespread distribution of Acipenseriformes was facilitated mainly by the formation of diadromous forms from primarily freshwater species, the origin of which is associated with multiple transgressions and regressions of the ocean. Modern potamodromous acipenserids were probably formed as a result of the return of anadromous forms to living in fresh water; i.e., they are secondarily freshwater species.

The purpose of the study was to investigate and evaluate the dynamics of basometry and stabilometry in men aged 25-42 with the consequences of a combat injury. Material & Methods: examined 38 men aged 25-42 years with long-term consequences of closed craniocerebral injury in the late long-term period, which were divided into Gr1 (n=20) and Gr2 (n=18). Vestibular dysfunction, mobility was determined by the Bohannon and "TUG" tests. To determine the biomechanical characteristics of walking, a hardware-software basometric complex and methods of the Ukrainian Research Institute for Prosthetics, Prosthetic Engineering and Recovery were used. Results: when developing a correctional and rehabilitation program, thanks to the concept of the ICF, Smart goals were set. At stage 1 of inpatient rehabilitation (28 days), the program is composed of components. For men in both groups, the normative component was the same. Kinesitherapy, classes on the C-mill system, on the «Cosmos» treadmill, and massage were prescribed. Persons Gr1 in the variable part were trained on the Redcord suspension system, Nordic walking and vestibular gymnastics. The men of Gr2 were prescribed a general training on a multifunctional block simulator, training walking. At the 2nd stage (42 days) the persons of both groups were exercising independently, however, the persons of Gr1, with the help of modern telecommunication technologies, were exercising under the supervision of a specialist in physical rehabilitation. The dynamics of the balance indicator according to the Bohann test indicated that the persons Gr1 balance indicator almost approached the normative value. In Gr2 positive changes were observed, however, after stage 2 the difference was only 0.44 points compared with the dynamics of stage 1 (p>0,05). The dynamics of functional mobility and balance according to the "TUG" test indicated that the average time to complete the test after stage 2 approached the standard value. In patients, Gr2 tended to decrease (p>0,05). Biomechanical studies of statics, namely the coefficient of resistance, rotation of pressure centers, the common center of pressure in the frontal and sagittal plane in men Gr1 acquired significant differences (p0,05). The main indicators of walking locomotion, namely the pace and speed in men Gr1 and Gr2, acquired a standard value (p0,05), in comparison with the indices of men Gr1 (p

Мета. Вивчення текстурних та фармакологічних властивостей нового крему з густим екстрактом моркви посівної, призначеного для лікування геморою. Матеріали та методи. Об’єкт дослідження – зразки нового крему з різною концентрацією двох мукоадгезівних агентів - натрію альгінату та Carbopol® 980 та препарат порівняння - «Прокто-глівенол крем». Предмет дослідження – текстурні та фармакологічні властивості зразків нового ректального крему. Методи дослідження: фармакологічні, структурно-механічні, фізичні. Результати. Визначено динамічну в’язкість та час адгезії зразків, що досліджуються. Показано кореляцію показників динамічної в’язкості та часу адгезії залежно від концентрації натрію альгінату та Carbopol® 980. Встановлено, що зразки з додаванням Carbopol® 980 мають показники на рівні препарату порівняння. Визначено, що зразки препарату з додаванням карбополу мають ступінь розтікання на рівні препарату порівняння, що забезпечить більш рівномірний розподіл на поверхні слизової при ректальному введенні. Висновки. Проведено текстурні дослідження із встановлення виду та вмісту мукоадгезивного агенту у складі м’якого ректального лікарського засобу з екстрактом моркви посівної. За результатами визначення динамічної в’язкості, часу адгезії, ступенем розтікання під навантаженням встановлена доцільність використання Carbopol® 980 як мукоадгезівного агенту у концентрації 0,4 %. За результатами фармакологічних досліджень встановлено наявність дозозалежного ефекту крему з екстрактом моркви та рутином, який був здатен зменшувати проникність судин в ректоанальній зоні щурів з експериментальним гемороєм. Препарат у дозі 300 мг/кг викликав зменшення проникності судин ректоанальної зони на 54,8%.

The article presents materials that reveal the urgent need of modernity, namely: the modernization of the Russian economy, the system of public administration and the social sphere with the help of digitalization, substantiates and shows the possibilities of introducing innovations in all spheres of life of the Russian Federation. The authors use the results of domestic and foreign (Ernst & Young, KMDA, etc.) sociological research (expert surveys in the form of interviews, included observation, content analysis of scientific publications and information presented in the media). The methodology of the study is a system analysis that allows a comprehensive and in-depth study of the stated problem. A comparative analysis of the course of the digitalization process in our country and abroad allows us to compare the achievements of Russian and foreign specialists, to identify the most common problems and risks associated with innovation. Also, the authors, using the Sorbonne method of in-depth study and analysis of scientific and informational texts, carry out painstaking work to create a dynamic picture of digitalization of all sectors of Russian society and identify promising areas and opportunities for fruitful cooperation between Russia and foreign countries that have achieved the greatest results in this area. The need to intensify modernization processes in our country is connected with the aggravation of the external situation and the introduction of new packages of tough anti-Russian sanctions by the United States and the European Union after the start of Russia's special operation in Ukraine on February 24, 2022. The collective West seeks to contribute to the isolation of our country, inflict the strongest damage to the Russian Federation and counteract the use of new foreign high technologies and imported equipment.

On November 23, 2022, the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Institute fpr Demographic Research FCTAS RAS held the XIX Russian-Chinese Expert round table “Summarizing the experience of international work on the project ‘Dialogue Partnership as a Factor of Stability and Integration’ (‘Bridge between West and East’)” . Scientists from Kazakhstan also took part in the Forum.

Background. Definition of local stratigraphical units, the main of which are formations, is important for geological mapping and correct understanding of the composition of sedimentary complexes. This task is yet to be solved for some territories. Thus, Upper Miocene deposits extend widely across the Rostov Dome in the southwest of Russia; however, the definition of formations there is still in its nascent phase.Aim. Systematization of ideas about the local stratigraphical units of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome, taking previous assumptions into account.Materials and methods. An analysis of ideas related to the definition of formations in the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome was carried out. These ideas were systematized with a focus on the validity of the units based on the current stratigraphical code.Results. An improved local stratigraphical scale of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome is proposed. This scale implies defining the Taganrogskaya (Lower Sarmatian), Rostovskaya (Middle–Upper Sarmatian), Donskaya (lower Upper Maeotian), Merzhanovskaya (upper Upper Maeotian), and Aleksandrovskaya (Lower Pontian) formations. The correspondence of alternative units is shown: the Mokrochaltyrskaya and Berdanosovskaya formations correspond to the Rostovskaya Formation, while and the later proposed Rostovskaya Formation corresponds to the Donskaya and Merzhanovskaya formations. Discussion. The validity of the proposed local stratigraphical units is noted; the priority of defining the Taganrogskaya and Aleksandrovskaya formations is highlighted. The question of creating an automatic system for generalizing information about stratigraphical units is discussed.Conclusion. The need in the parallel existence of alternative local stratigraphical scales of the Upper Miocene of the Rostov Dome is absent. However, subdividing the relevant deposits requires further discussion and refinement.

Geoheritage studies have different perspectives, among which treatment of geological features in relation to particular areas and settlements seems to be promising for better local planning and tourism organization. The small town of Guzeripl in the Western Caucasus (southwestern Russia) experiences tourism-triggered development. Five localities, which are parts of two earlier established geosites, are found directly in this settlement and in its vicinity. They show representative siliciclastic deposits dominated by shales, which accumulated on the deep bottom of the Caucasian Sea in the Early Middle Jurassic. New field investigations allowed for the collection of information regarding the improvement of the geological knowledge of this study area and the reconsideration of its geoheritage in relation to the settlement’s needs. Particularly, the tentative approach for the functional assessment of the localities was proposed and applied. It is established that the localities represent not only deep-marine siliciclastic deposits, trace fossils, and specific palaeoenvironment, but also the structural elements (anticline, syncline, and fault) of the complex deformed domain. They differ by functional value, with two of the most valuable localities directly in Guzeripl, and all of them can be employed for the settlements’ needs. Geoscientists, guided student groups, and geotourists can choose Guzeripl to collect new data, train, and for new impressions. Importantly, geotourism based on the considered localities can diversify the experience of visitors, and it can be combined with and facilitated by ecotourist activities already offered by the Caucasus State Nature Biosphere Reserve, which is famous for its natural heritage. The study area focuses on the spatial distribution of geoheritage relatively to the touristic patterns.

The aim. To analyze the main indicators of dental care to the population, the system of financial support for dental care in Ukraine and to study modern WHO initiatives to improve dental care for the population, increase its availability and quality. Methods – system approach and system analysis, bibliosemantic, content analysis. Results. Over the past decades, the country has revealed a significant deterioration in the dental status of the population due to the unsatisfactory state of preventive activities, changes in the financing of the dental industry. Taking into account the current WHO initiatives to protect oral health, it is promising to improve the existing forms of interdisciplinary cooperation of doctors of various practices to prevent the development of dental diseases, improve interdisciplinary education in the prevention of the most common diseases of the oral cavity of doctors of various specialties. Formation of motivation among the population to preserve dental health and provide it with preventive services, introduction of new forms of financing of the dental industry, in particular, at the expense of social insurance, the introduction of public-private partnership, increasing the state's responsibility for dental care to socially vulnerable segments of the population will help reduce the financial burden for the patient when receiving dental services in the conditions of modern realities in the system of financing dental care.

Aim. To substantiate the optimal composition of the base of the semisolid dosage form with the thick extract of feverfew (Tanacetum parthebased on structural-mechanical, textural, adhesive and microscopic studies. Materials and methods. The study objects were samples of a semisolid dosage form with the thick extract of feverfew with various gelling agents and the reference drug “Irikar”. In the course of the research, a complex of structural-mechanical methods and the microscopic analysis of the samples were used. Results and discussion. The studies of structural-mechanical properties have determined the regularities in the rheological characteristics of the experimental samples made using different gelling agents. It has been found that the rheogram of the emulgel sample has a smooth transition from the elastic deformation region to the elastic-plastic one, which may indicate a more homogeneous distribution of the sample components. It has been also determined that the sample corresponds in the textural properties to the refenium) rence drug – “Irikar” cream. The structural-mechanical studies have substantiated the rational content of the gelling agent in the emulgel composition – 3 %. The results of rheological studies have been confirmed by the data of the microscopic studies. Conclusions. The data obtained are the basis for further pharmaceutical development of a drug with the thick extract of Tanacetum parthenium for the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system.

Aim. To analyze the scientific literature data on the use of three-dimensional technologies in pharmacy, in particular in the technology of oral solid dosage forms, the advantages and disadvantages of 3D printing, and current research on the development of drugs using 3D printing. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, bibliosemantic and analytical methods were used. Results and discussion. Personalized medicine is currently a major area of development in the healthcare sector. Its goal is to adapt treatment to a specific person, taking into account the peculiarities of the physiology, drug reactions, and the genetic profile. There are technologies that contribute to the paradigm shift from the traditional “one-size-fits-all”approach to personalized medicine, the main one being three-dimensional (3D) printing. 3D printing involves the creation of a three-dimensional object using various computer programs. 3D printing can be used to create a wide range of dosage forms that differ in shape, release profile, and drug combination. The main 3D printing technology platforms under study in the pharmaceutical sector include inkjet printing, binder inkjet printing, fused filament manufacturing, selective laser sintering, stereolithography, and injection microsyringing. Conclusions. The article discusses various 3D printing technologies and the prospects for their application in research on the development of new medicines, in particular oral solid dosage forms, and highlights their advantages and disadvantages.

Characterizing geological heritage sites (geosites) available in Russia remains an urgent task. The present study focuses on two geosites from the vicinity of Kazan—a large city on the Volga River. They are attributed to the standardized geoheritage types and scored by means of several criteria. It is found out that the Pechischi geosite represents nine geoheritage types, from which the stratigraphical type (stratotype section of the Upper Kazanian regional unit of the Guadalupian) and the geohistorical type (history of the Permian System studies) are the most important. This geosite reaches 675 out of 750 maximum possible scores, and it is ranked globally. The Cheremushki geosite represents six geoheritage types, from which the stratigraphical type (reference section of the Urzhumian regional unit of the Guadalupian) and the paleontological type (locality of diverse fossils, including tetrapods) are the most important. This geosite reaches a score of 250 and is ranked nationally. The undertaken study allows for recommending several actions for the effective conservation and exploitation of these geosites. The innovative interpretation is that the presence of geosites at the urban periphery makes its general (not only geological) heritage value comparable to that of the city’s center.

Fish is one of the foods that are rich in protein so it is good to be consumed every day, however, it is a perishable food commodity. One way to overcome this problem is through smoking, in order to provide durability and have a higher selling price. It is an important thing that producers must pay attention to in marketing smoked fish, because it will determine the profit earned for business continuity. The selling price level will affect the quantity of products sold because from the consumer's point of view the price is an indicator of the benefits to be obtained. This study aims to analyze the selling price of smoked fish at Hative Kecil Village and describe the trend of sales volume for the last seven months. Primary data was collected through interviews with 6 traders or producers who actively produce and sell smoked fish and analyzed using the calculation of the production cost using the full costing method and the calculation of selling price using the cost-plus pricing method. The result found that production cost of smoked fish is Rp. 40.920 per smoked fish and the selling price with a mark up of 10% is Rp. 45.000 per smoked fish. The highest sales volume in January was 700 smoked fish per month and the lowest was 280 smoked fish per month in July.

Generally, the income of seaweed farmers just able to be used for their daily needs, so this study aims to find a concept for increasing farmers income which is planned, systematic and sustainable. This condition must also rely on the ability of seaweed farmers to manage their business optimally. This study used a survey method. 57 seaweed farmers as respondent are selected with random technique. The concept of empowerment in increase the economy of seaweed farmers in accordance with the conditions in West Seram District are assistance of: capital, infrastructure development, mentoring, institutional strengthening and business partnerships.

The conceptualisation of masculinity in the traditional sense has been viewed as a complex mix of attitudes, behaviours, and abilities (powers) possessed by diverse groups of individuals. It is supposed that neither these sets nor the individuals who compose them have remained consistent across time and among societies. In this paper, I will be exploring the varying degrees of masculinity that is exhibited by men of different communities portrayed in Tamil Karisal literature. Gender relations are also defined along the lines of Caste and status. ‘Karisal’ meaning ‘black soil’ encompasses the arid regions of Southern Tamil Nadu and Karisal literature depicts the lives of the people living in such regions. Traditional traits of masculinity such as being valiant, dominant, and knowledgeable is more expected from the upper caste men whereas such traits are not encouraged among men belonging to the marginalised sections of the rural Karisal landscape. This paper will also look at how gender relations exist between the men and women of both dominant and lower castes in the Karisal region. It can also be noted how virtues associated with femineity such as chastity, subordination and obedience are expected from upper caste women who do not cross household boundaries but Dalit women, out of economic necessities, are made to work as agricultural labourers in the fields and are prone to being harassed by men of all castes. For this study, the texts for analysis are short stories from Along with the Sun (2020) compiled by Ki. Rajanarayanan and the novel Koogai (2015) written by Cho Dharman.

Метою статті є показати процес становлення, розвитку та згортання руху за українізацію православ’я на Донбасі, прослідкувати статистичні показники парафій Української автокефальної православної церкви (УАПЦ) і розкрити основні віхи їх історії на регіональному рівні. Наукова новизна. Розкрито абсолютно невідомі до цього часу сторінки історії УАПЦ на Донбасі, реконструйовано розвиток Слобожансько-Донецької церковної округи з наголосом на парафіях Донеччини, із забуття повернені імені провідників і борців за українізацію церков Донбасу та священнослужителів, які пішли шляхом автокефалії. Особлива увага звернена на лідерів УАПЦ досліджуваного регіону – Олександра Ярещенка, Миколу Пивоварова, Івана Павловського. Висновки. Східна Україна, а особливо Донбас, виявилася найбільш інертним регіоном щодо українізації православ’я й утворення автокефальних громад. Відсутність належного активу у регіоні, а також суперечливість хіротоній перших ієрархів і надмірна реформаційність УАПЦ, призвели до того, що перша парафія тут з’явилася лише в середині 1922 р. у Луганську. Але ця спроба так і не була повністю реалізована. В історії УАПЦ Донбасу виділяємо два етапи: 1921-1925 рр. – період зародження автокефалії у краї, організаційного оформлення та найбільшого підйому; 1925-1930 рр. – час стабілізації та поступового згасання. Перший етап становлення парафіяльної мережі на Донбасі був неоднозначним. З одного боку, він показав наявність серед української людності Донеччини бажання мати національно-орієнтовану церкву. Про це свідчить мережа парафій, яка постала протягом 1923-1924 рр. на цих теренах, коли у регіоні було зареєстровано 15 парафій. З іншого – сильні позиції прихильників ортодоксальної РПЦ, певне несприйняття «олександрійського» способу висвячення єпископату та протидія більшовицької влади призвели до зникнення 50% парафій у кінці 1924 – першій половині 1925 р. Другий етап відзначився арештом очільника церковної округи архієпископа Олександра Ярещенка, стабілізацією відносин із радянською владою та налагодженням церковної дисципліни та конфесійного життя. Особливістю Слобожансько-Донецької церковної округи стало її повне відмежування від розколу УАПЦ під прапором Діяльно-Христової церкви. Масова антирелігійна кампанія, яка розгорнулася по країні у 1929-1930 рр., боляче вдарила по релігійним громадам Донбасу. У перші місяці 1930 р. УАПЦ повністю втратила свою парафіяльну мережу у регіоні.

Background Titanium Elastic Nail (TEN) is used for fixation of diaphyseal fractures of paediatric long bone, where the medullary canal is thin or flexibility of the implant is a chief concern. These are used for biologically and minimally invasive fracture treatment that delivers accurate reduction and stabilization in appropriate paediatric age group Methods A hospital based 18 months (from December 2020 to July 2022), retrospective study was conducted at Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Rupandehi, Nepal with the patients of paediatric long bone fractures who were operated with an elastic titanium intramedullary nail for diaphyseal fractures. Records of the surgical procedure and the follow-up outcomes were all recorded and the data was collected and tabulated in excel sheet for statistical analysis. The total number of patients in the study were 25 wherein, 20 were male and 5 were female. Results Children ranging from age 4 to 15 years of age were included with mean age of 9.44 years. Average hospital stay was 4 days having standard deviation of 1.68. Statistical analysis yielded z value of 2.97 and p-value of 0.003 which was significant. Most of the patients reported injury in the left side 17(68%) than right side 8(32%). Majority of the injury was sustained in forearm 18(72%) followed by femur 4(16%) and tibia 3(12%). Fall on the ground 14(56%) was commonest mode of injury followed by road traffic accident (RTA) 5(20%), fall from tree 3(12%), fall from bicycle 2(8%) and sports injury 1(4%) respectively. The average time to fracture union was 9.84 ± 2.93 weeks. Only 4 patients had complication, in which 2 had superficial surgical site infection and nopatient had Limb Length Discrepancy or non-union. Conclusion TENS for diaphyseal fracture is not only a safe, minimally invasive technique with shorter operating time but also helps in preservation of accurate bone alignment and encourages quicker bone healing.

Вступ. Параметри розчинності за Хансеном (δd, δp, δh) дозволяють спрогнозувати ймовірність розчинності фармацевтичних інгредієнтів один в одному, а відтак науково-обґрунтовано звузити коло об’єктів та загальний обсяг експериментальних досліджень. Одним із способів визначення δd, δp, δh є розрахунковий метод групових внесків: усі три параметри розраховують, виходячи із внесків у відповідні міжмолекулярні взаємодії структурних груп, що складають молекулу речовини. Чим ближчими для двох речовин є параметри розчинності, тим з більш високою ймовірністю вони є розчинними одна в одній. Мета дослідження – порівняння прогнозованої розчинності лікарських речовин згідно з розра­хованими параметрами розчинності за Хансеном з раніше опублікованими експериментальними даними для ілюстрації можливостей використання методу як прескрінінгу при розробці складу лікарських форм. Матеріали та методи. Параметри розчинності за Хансеном визначено методом групових внесків за Ван Кревеленом і Хофтизером з використанням молярних об’ємів відповідних структурних груп за Федорсом для таких лікарських та допоміжних речовин: німесулід, мелоксикам, гліцерол, етиленгліколь, пропіленгліколь, поліетиленоксид (ПЕО) 400. Результати дослідження. Відповідно до розрахунків, найкращим розчинником як для німесуліду, так і мелоксикаму є ПЕО 400. Користуючись критерієм Δδ ≤ 5 МПа0,5, німесулід є ймовірно розчинним лише у ПЕО 400, у той час як мелоксикам ймовірно не розчиняється в жодному з розчинників. Для кожного з зазначених АФІ ранжування за Δδ співпадає із експериментальним рядом розчинності у цих самих розчинниках. На підставі розрахованих даних відмічено, що з обраних допоміжних речовин саме ПЕО 400 за своїм молекулярним внеском у енергію водневих зв’язків найбільш наближений до обох АФІ. Висновки. Параметри розчинності за Хансеном, визначені розрахунковим методом групових внесків за Ван Кревеленом і Хофтизером, дозволяють науково-обґрунтовано відібрати перспективні допоміжні речовини на етапі планування досліджень з розробки складу різних лікарських форм.

Recognizing geoheritage, i.e., the entity of unique geological features with heritage value, as a geological resource for society is a relatively novel idea. It is argued that non-industrial exploitation of this resource brings benefits through tourism, eco-/geosystem services, and research and education. Experience-related peculiarities of the contemporary economy can be brought in correspondence with the geoheritage value. This new resource deserves extensive investigation and exploration, just like mineral and energy resources. The scope of economic geology should, consequently, embrace also geoheritage as an economically important geological resource. This requires joint efforts of both economic geologists and experts in geoheritage and nature conservation.

The article carries out a biographical study of the childhood and youth of Selma Lagerlöf, with the purpose of determining the conditions that influenced the development of her genius abilities to create fairy tales. Research methods: study, analysis and generalization of special scientific literature in order to identify the state of the researched problem. The biographical study of S. Lagerlöf’s childhood and youth combines environmental and personal approaches. Thus, S. Lagerlöf’s grandmother narratives about hereditary estate were the main factors that influenced the development of imagination and excellent literary abilities of S. Lagerlöf. The girl was very pleased to listen to grandmother’s stories, which were full of legends and secrets. When at the age of three, S. Lagerlöf suffered from paralysis, those stories were exactly the only consolation for her because in these narratives the girl drew strength and inspiration. It is likely that thanks to these legends and stories about the family nest and Sweden as a whole, S. Lagerlöf began to fantasize and create her own stories, which were permeated with love to her native land. It is possible that the grandmother and her stories instilled in the girl faith in miracles, goodness, and fairy tales. After all, regardless of the serious illness, S. Lagerlöf did not lose hope for the best, wisdom, optimism and continued to write her brilliant works, imbued with devotion to her native home. The writer depicted the beauty of the home more than once in her works. S. Lagerlöf created in her works a world full of romance, fabulous adventures, and idleness. The article highlights the features inherent in S. Lagerlöf’s fairy tales. First, the events in the writer’s works happen in places dear to her heart – the city, the country. Secondly, S. Lagerlöf resorted to romantic literary techniques. Thirdly, the writer used a well-known literary device in her fairy tales – personification, that is, animals, birds, insects acquire human features, they behave like people. It was concluded that S. Lagerlöf was a romantic, dreamy person who loved her homeland immensely. The problem outlined in the article is relevant and needs further processing in order for it to be thoroughly completed.

Palynological information is important in the studies of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous deposits of the Western Caucasus, but it is still incomplete. New investigations undertaken in the Apsheronsk District of the Krasnodar Region has permitted to reveal better the composition of the peculiar deposits attributed to the Fuabginskaya Formation and to characterize their palynomorph assemblage for the first time. Methodologically, the present work is based on the detailed lithological analysis and the palynological examination of the specially prepared material with the use of microscope approaches. It is established that the studied deposits are represented chiefly by shaly siltstones with lenses of sandstones. The palynomorph assemblage is dominated by gymnosperm pollen (64,2%) and spores of terrestrial plants (11,5%), and there is also microphytoplankton (24,3%), including doniflagellate cysts (up to 20%). The palynological data implies Tithonian (Late Jurassic) age of the siltstones, which are, thus, much older than thought previously. In such a case, the deposits can be attributed to the Podnavislo Formation, whereas the need in the separate Fuabginskaya Formation is questionable. The peculiarities of the rock composition and the palynomorph assemblage allow hypothesizing accumulation of the deposits in a relatively deep-marine basin, but closely to the seashore.

The spread of diseases of the rectum, namely hemorrhoids, leads to the deterioration of the physical and psychological health of the working-age population, increases the budget costs of the healthcare system, insurance companies, and the population’s own funds. In this regard, the development of new complex medicinal products is always relevant for domestic pharmacy. Aim. To form a modern idea of the market structure and trends in the consumption of drugs for the conservative treatment of hemorrhoids, determine the possible potential for domestic developers and manufacturers. Materials and methods. The research was conducted using the structural analysis logical and graphic methods, methods of marketing analysis. Results. It was found that recently the market of antihemoroidal agents for topical application and capillary-stabilizing agents developed quite vigorously – the market growth rates in the period of 2020-2021 were from 15 to 23 % in physical units and from 28 to 40 % in monetary units. However, according to the structure of the producing countries, the market remains import-dependent. Drugs from France, Switzerland, Bulgaria, Germany, Spain, Slovenia, Italy, and the United States are available on the market. The leaders of sales are products manufactured by Servier (France), Innotek International (France), and Teva (Israel). The leaders in the supply of domestic drugs of this group are Borshchagovsky Chemical Pharmaceutical Plant, JSC “Galichpharm”, Kyiv Vitamin Plant, PJSC “Darnitsa” Pharmaceutical company”, PJSC “Monpharm”. The most popular dosage forms are tablets, capsules, gels, ointments, suppositories. Conclusions. Based on the changes identified, certain proposals have been developed for the domestic pharmaceutical industry – the market has a relatively small range of domestic complex medicines combining components of chemical and natural origin, including the plant raw material. The market has a positive development trend; therefore, further search for an effective complex drug is expedient.

The article attempts to investigate the historical circumstances of the mastering and development of the industrial production of rolling stock in Ukraine from 1991 to 2021. The aim of the article is to carry out a retrospective analysis of events and a historical and technical summary of the main measures, problems, and consequences of the development of industrial production of rolling stock in Ukraine from 1991 to 2021 on the basis of a comprehensive analysis of sources and scientific literature. In the course of the scientific development of the proposed research, materials from mass-circulation newspapers, industry publications of railway transport, as well as technical studies of employees of manufacturing plants were used. It has been determined that during 1991‒2008, the engineering and design team of HC «Luhanskteplovoz», having a strong scientific and production potential, by order of the State Administration of Railway Transport – Ukrzaliznytsia – for the purpose of import substitution, designed and mastered the industrial production of innovative models of rolling stock for social purposes, namely diesel trains DEL-01 and DEL-02, as well as electric trains EPL2T and EPL9T to meet the needs of Ukrainian railways with high-tech equipment. It has been found that with the beginning of the economic and financial crisis of 2008 and a significant reduction in Ukrzaliznytsia's orders, the production of rolling stock at the facilities of HC “Luhanskteplovoz” was actually stopped, and the enterprise, privatized by a Russian investor, focused mainly on the production of locomotives. Instead, since 2012, the production of rolling stock on its own design platform has been mastered as part of the diversification of PJSC “Kriukiv Railway Car Building Works”. In the end, the historical experience of the formation and development of the Ukrainian research and production base of railway engineering needs to be properly understood in the context of a retrospective analysis of the industry's production activities to clarify the reasons for its inefficient development, as well as the determination of conceptual ways of harmonizing the domestic design and technological potential with the actual needs for updating the fleet of traction rolling stock of global transport operators. Further research into the history of the development of railway mechanical engineering in Ukraine requires clarification of the historical circumstances of the institutionalization of design bureaus of individual enterprises in the direction of scientific research activities.

About 60 million Metric Tons (MMT) of wheat is processed to obtain Atta annually in India. It is consumed mainly in the form of Indian flatbread. Dough is prepared by mixing wheat flour with water, followed by sheeting the dough to form circular shape with small thickness. The flat circular sheet of dough is subjected to thermal treatment to get delicious and diet food as Indian Flatbread which is consumed by majority Indian peoples daily. Nowadays, flatbread making process is dying in Indian families because of busy life style and increased disposable income to fulfill the need of city life culture. It is evident that the Atta processing industry is showing the growth of more than 30% annually. But, there is an ever ending demand for ready-to-eat as well as easy-to-carry food as Indian flatbread which leads to the way for mechanizing flatbread making process with the aid of machineries. Hence, it is decided to make a detailed plan to fabricate low-cost Indian flatbread making machine that can yield high quality and traditional Indian flatbread. The machine designed consists of AC motor unit, plastic roller with handle which rotates smoothly by bearing and other maker parts. Design of Indian flatbread making machine was done by CATIA V5 R18 3D Modeling software. Fabrications of all the parts have been done with the assist of suitable machines. In this project work all the challenging parts are fabricated as per an innovative design followed by rigid fabrication as per need and the parts were assembled to perform indented function as flatbread sheet making process.

The paper deals with the origins of modern English vocabulary and shows the relevance of the influence of French on its modern state. The article makes a survey of scientific literature studying French heritage in English lexis. An overview of linguistic and historical data is provided to show the framework within which linguistic borrowing from French was made possible. A number of loanwords are mentioned that appeared under different historical circumstances. The article analyses borrowed words that kept their meaning they had in French, as well as those ones which experienced semantic transformation. The paper concentrates on the fact that frequency of English words having French roots is high enough in the novel by J. Grisham and they form a thick layer of common words. The article demonstrates, what kind of impact the change in culture-specific concepts had on the meaning of the words borrowed from French and highlights possible prospects of such kind of studies. The paper emphasizes semantic layers of loan words and shows that finance vocabulary, the vocabulary of law and politics and the vocabulary of health are closely connected with borrowings from French.

The problem of improving the methodological and algorithmic support of the complexing process by developing models of adaptive redundant complexing of weighted interval data has been solved. The object of this study is the process of complexing interval data obtained from several independent sources; the subject is the algebraic methods of excessive complexing of weighted interval data. The relevance of the task is due to the severity of the problem of consolidating homogeneous data in order to obtain more accurate and relevant information about the object or process under study. Models have been developed that, unlike the existing ones, make it possible a posteriori to take into account the accuracy of experts at the preliminary stage of expert evaluation. A single analytical form of the model for processing weighted interval and point estimates with the possibility of structural and parametric tuning is proposed. It allows one to increase the degree of automation of processing expert assessments under conditions of interval uncertainty. Recommendations for the practical application of the proposed models have been formulated. Options for parametric configuration of preference functions were indicated depending on the characteristics of weighted interval estimates. The commonality of the limiting cases of the proposed models with previously known ones is proved. The example shows the shift of the integrated assessment to the side of more accurate assessments at the previous stage of source assessment. The adaptability of the proposed models is illustrated. At the same time, a slight, on average, about 10 %, expansion of the complexed interval relative to the primary ones was registered. The built models and algorithms can be used in automated expert systems, as well as in cascade models of information processing and compression.

The chronic consumption of mycotoxin-contaminated forage tends to the weight loss of young cattle, decreasing the reproductive success of adult animals, milk yield, and tolerance to high temperatures. The aim of this paper was to study the eff ects of the SNP C994G in the CYP3A28 gene on the productive and reproductive characteristics of dairy and beef breeds. Cows were measured by body weight dynamics, exterior, reproduction, milk production traits, bone mineral density, bulls were analyzed estimating their progeny traits. Dairy cows received dietary betaine supplement with the measurement of homocysteine levels. Molecular genetic was performed by PCR-RFLP method. The effects of SNP C994G were shown in relation to the udder size, the constitution and birth weight of Abredin-Angus cows, as well as the fat and protein content of Ukrainian Red-and-White Dairy cows milk. The higher sensitivity of the GG genotype to less homocysteine level after the addition of betaine was shown. Given the identifi ed correspondence, pleiotropic eff ects of CYP3A28 gene can be concluded. A microscopic analysis of forage supported the findings in relation to greater efficiency of the CC genotype under conditions of low mycotoxins contamination, to which CYP3A28 is selective.