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This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and economic outcomes of implementing a Clostridiodes difficile infection (CDI) Treatment Optimization and Access Pathway (treatment pathway) directing first-line use of fidaxomicin for CDI.This was a retrospective, quasi-experimental study of adult patients with CDI using Electronic Health Record data from a single center. The primary intervention was implementation of a treatment pathway directing first-line use of fidaxomicin for patients with first/second CDI episode and at high risk of recurrence. The primary clinical outcome was CDI recurrence within 30 days of completing therapy in patients achieving clinical cure. Secondary clinical outcomes included clinical cure and sustained response evaluated at 90 days after completion of CDI treatment. Economic outcomes included costs associated with hospital stay at index admission and 30- and 90-day readmission. Differences between the pre- and post-implementation cohorts were assessed for baseline characteristics, CDI treatment utilization, clinical outcomes, and economic outcomes. The budget impact was calculated for the pre- vs. post-implementation cohorts, each normalized to 100 patients.Post- vs. pre-implementation, 30-day recurrence (6.4% vs. 18.0%., p = 0.001), 90-day recurrence (14.9% vs. 27.1%, p = 0.009), and 30-day (4.6% vs. 12.7%, p = 0.007) and 90-day CDI-related readmissions (8.5% vs. 18.9%, p = 0.007) were lower. The clinical cure (94.1% vs. 84.4%, p = 0.002) and 90-day sustained response rates were higher (73.3% vs. 55.9%, p 0.001). Median total costs were also lower in the post- vs. pre-implementation cohorts at index admission ($11,934.64 vs. $14,523.27, p = 0.048), and 30-day ($7685.82 vs. $12,424.44, p = 0.102) and 90-day CDI-related readmission episodes ($8246.69 vs. $12,729.57, p = 0.042). The budget impact analyses of 100 patients post- vs. pre-implementation found saving of $222,895 overall and $9432 per CDI-readmission avoided.Implementation of the CDI treatment pathway was associated with better clinical outcomes and hospital cost savings. The findings help validate real-world value of fidaxomicin for CDI disease management.

Patients with cancer are vulnerable to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI); hospitals with larger oncology populations may have worse CDI performance. Among 71 academic hospitals studied, there were significant differences in oncology patient-days per 1,000 admissions across CDI standardized infection ratio categories of better, no different, and worse; worse hospitals had the greatest number of patient-days. Oncology patients' most commonly used high-risk CDI medications were quinolones, third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins, and proton pump inhibitors.

An efficient heterogeneous method for the synthesis of diarylacetic acids was developed utilizing silica sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction is highly efficient with a small amount of catalyst for the combination of a variety of electron-neutral to electron-rich arenes with glyoxylic acid. The reaction can also be utilized to synthesize unsymmetric derivatives from activated mandelic acids in good to excellent yields.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) infections are problematic due to limited availability of anti-VRE agents and their potential for adverse effects and drug interactions. This review focuses on the role of daptomycin in treating VRE infections by summarizing key points of relevant clinical studies. Higher doses of daptomycin (≥ 6 mg/kg), as compared to standard doses, were found to be safe in terms of creatinine phosphokinase elevation and associated with successful infection outcomes and microbiological clearance. High doses are especially important in treatment of infections involving elevated daptomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (3–4 μg/mL). Daptomycin, especially in higher doses, has been shown to be an effective and safe VRE agent for a variety of serious infection types, such as catheter-associated bloodstream and intra-abdominal infections, and for different populations including oncology. Infections involving higher daptomycin MIC values were associated with previous daptomycin use and prosthetic devices.

An efficient heterogeneous method for the synthesis of diarylacetic acids was developed utilizing silica sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The reaction is highly efficient with a small amount of catalyst for the combination of a variety of electron-neutral to electron-rich arenes with glyoxylic acid. The reaction can also be utilized to synthesize unsymmetric derivatives from activated mandelic acids in good to excellent yields.