Search

El avance de la instrucción en línea en las universidades es una realidad para el desarrollo de las clases en tiempos de COVID-19, esto forzó, rápidamente a tener que estudiar a través de diversas plataformas virtuales y esto llevó los profesores a encarar nuevos desafíos, algunos de estos desafíos se analizarán en esta investigación. El objetivo fue determinar la relación entre la docencia virtual y la satisfacción estudiantil en tiempos de pandemia en el 2022. Se realizó un estudio de diseño correlacional de corte transversal bajo un análisis cuantitativo con una muestra de 100 estudiantes de una universidad pública de Lima. El instrumento empleado fue la escala de likert, el resultado fue que el 57% percibe que la docencia virtual se desarrolla en un nivel regular y el 15% percibe un nivel malo. Se concluyó que la docencia virtual en una universidad nacional de Lima se relaciona directamente con la satisfacción de los alumnos; es decir que, si la docencia virtual mejora los estudiantes se sentirán mejor, lo que genera una mejor motivación y rendimiento. El estudiantado aprecia el empleo de métodos activos y de herramientas TIC

El propósito es analizar la relación del Contexto Social, la Enseñanza Comunicativa del Lenguaje y el Aprendizaje del Inglés en alumnos de nivel secundario de un colegio público peruano. El estudio es de enfoque cuantitativo con un diseño correlacional de temporalidad transversal. La muestra fue de 40 estudiantes de cuarto grado que cursaban la asignatura de inglés. La investigación concluyó que hay una relación entre el contexto social, la enseñanza comunicativa del idioma y el aprendizaje del inglés. Por esta razón, el contexto social tiene que ser pensado como un contenido de importación en las lecciones de enseñanza comunicativa del idioma para que haya un aprendizaje del idioma en el alumnado.

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el acompañamiento pedagógico y los procesos educativos en docentes de una escuela pública peruana. El estudio fue no experimental, correlacional, con una muestra de 60 docentes. El instrumento para la recolección de datos fue el cuestionario. Los resultados de este estudio demostraron que existe una relación entre el acompañamiento pedagógico y los procesos educativos (r = 0.764 y Sig. = 0.000). Se concluyó que el acompañamiento pedagógico incide de una manera positiva en los procesos pedagógicos. El acompañamiento pedagógico es fundamental para la formación docente, convirtiéndose la institución educativa en el escenario que posibilita la práctica reflexiva de los docentes, cuya finalidad está orientada a la construcción del saber pedagógico a partir de la propia experiencia.

El bajo desempeño escolar de los alumnos es una preocupación para los padres debido a que afecta el desarrollo del alumno hacia su proyecto de vida. El propósito fue analizar la relación entre la familia y el logro de aprendizaje en un colegio público peruano. Este es un estudio cuantitativo, de diseño correlacional. La muestra fue de 60 estudiantes. se empleó el cuestionario para la recopilación de datos. El resultado fue que el grado de relación entre la familia y el logro de aprendizaje, es de muy alta significatividad (r = 0.99576607). Se determinó que el funcionamiento familiar observado por el alumnado es poco saludable, por lo cual los estudiantes no logran los niveles de aprendizaje adecuados. Asimismo, la inadecuada funcionalidad en la familia es un elemento de riesgo para un bajo desempeño en la escuela.

El estudio de las trayectorias escolares permite observar el comportamiento académico de los estudiantes a lo largo de su formación, desde el ingreso hasta la conclusión de los estudios de licenciatura, en el contexto de una institución superior con un plan de estudios determinado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar las trayectorias escolares de una muestra de alumnos de la cohorte 2017 de la licenciatura en Psicología en una universidad pública. A través de una convocatoria abierta a los estudiantes de dicha generación, se conformó una muestra de 17 escolares. Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo, mediante el análisis de una base de datos que se construyó a partir de la consulta de la plataforma de la Dirección General de Administración Escolar (DGAE) y del Sistema Integral de Administración Escolar (SIAE) (http//:www.dgae.unam.mx) de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, organizada en 198 variables y 691 casos, con la que se realizó el análisis estadístico en el programa SPSS-20. Las variables analizadas fueron: sexo, promedio de bachillerato, escuela de procedencia, calificaciones en cada una de las 52 asignaturas, ciclo y tipo de examen. Los resultados mostraron que los alumnos cursaron los ciclos académicos de acuerdo con los criterios del plan de estudios y el nivel de avance fue el esperado, con promedio de calificación de 8 y superior, logrando el 100% de créditos del plan de estudios. No obstante, no se puede concluir si ocurrió algún efecto por la modificación curricular.

En los espacios escolares de nivel universitario se plantea reconocer el abordaje de las experiencias e indagar desde la voz de los estudiantes. Este trabajo se centra en la investigación de la experiencia individual de estudiantes de la carrera de psicología generación 2017 de la FES Iztacala en un contexto de cambio curricular. Se indagó a través de la entrevista narrativa y el grupo focal la apreciación de 17 estudiantes que se encontraban cursando el sexto de ocho semestres. La perspectiva de análisis se realizó desde un acercamiento cualitativo-interpretativo de la experiencia vivida durante sus estudios. Se desarrollaron tres categorías a partir del análisis vertical y horizontal de las transcripciones: 1. Involucramiento en la carrera, 2. Acciones y actividades para desempeñarse en la carrera y 3. Estrategias de aprendizaje. El análisis muestra las opiniones que ubicaron los participantes en su paso por la carrera, así como los actores educativos reconocido como relevantes en su proceso de formación y los elementos que pusieron en juego en la toma de decisiones. Se identifica una escucha reflexiva del estudiante y toma de decisiones responsable a favor de su aprendizaje y desarrollo autodidacta.

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre los factores de riesgo para enfermedades no trasmisibles comportamentalesy metabolicos con algunas variables demograficas y comorbilidades en personal docente y administrativo de una institución universitaria. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, de asociación con diseño transversal. La investigación se realizó en los locales de la Universidad (Campus Universitario y Sede Administrativa-ciudad), según programación, entre los meses de diciembre 2018 a febrero de 2019, con una muestra de 150 participantes elegidos aleatoriamente. Se aplicó test de Chi2, prueba exacta de Fisher y se determinó Odd ratio (OR) e IC al 95%; se considero significativo p ≤ 0,05. Resultados: El 21,3% de participantes tenia alguna enfermedad, 11,3% fumaba y 25,3% consumia bebida alcohólica; el 66,7% consumia verduras/hortalizas inadecuadamente, 82% realizaba deficiente actividad fisica y 87,3% tenia dislipidemia; ademas, el 10,7% presento hipertension arterial, 46,7% sobrepeso y 27,3% obesidad. Los factores asociados con hipertensión arterial fueron ser varón (OR=3,59, IC 95%:1,10-11,70), edad � 40 afios (OR=4,21, IC 95%: 1,15-15,44), casado (OR=3,06, IC 95%: 1,01-9,31), enfermedad previa (OR=6,21, IC 95%: 2,09-18,36) y consumir alcohol (OR=4,66, IC 95%:1,60-13,57). Para la obesidad, ser varon (OR=4,54, IC 95%:1,97-10,46), residir fuera de Barranca (OR=3,12, IC 95%: 1,27-7,68) y trigliceridos elevados (OR=10,48, IC 95%: 1,37-80,33). Conclusiones: Los factores asociados con enfermedad no transmisible en los trabajadores de la Universidad fueron la deficiente actividad fisica, el bajo consumo de frutas y verduras, el consumo de tabaco y alcohol; y están asociados con los metabólicos y comorbilidades como la hipertensión arterial, obesidad, dislipidemia.

Leukemia is a rare disease associated with a high mortality rate. The presence of unilateral or bilateral serous retinal detachment (SRD) as a sign of choroidal infiltration can be one of the manifestations of acute leukemia, both as a primary sign or in a relapse. We consolidated the literature on SRD as a sign of leukemic choroidopathy regarding its epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and main imaging diagnostic tools. Well-documented cases regarding acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), relapsed ALL and relapsed AML published until September, 2020, in peer reviewed journals were included. The literature shows an interesting range of choroidal infiltration cases assessed by modern imaging techniques, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) with and without enhanced depth imaging (EDI) and fluorescein angiography (FA). These tools allow choroidal assessment and better understanding and characterization of this rare condition. Complete ophthalmological workup should be performed in these patients using both FA and EDI-OCT to assess the choroidal anatomy and integrity. An increase in choroidal thickness measured with EDI-OCT can reveal active disease and potentially diagnose a leukemic relapse promptly.

Las Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas (IRAS) son las enfermedades más comunes en la infancia. Es posible contraerlas aún sin factores de riesgo; aunque, sí existen mayor número de factores, más alta es la probabilidad de enfermar. Objetivo: Determinar los factores medioambientales que están asociados a Infecciones Respiratorias en niños menores de 5 años que acuden al Hospital de Barranca. Materiales y métodos: investigación básica, con enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 120 niños que acuden al hospital de Barranca y que pertenecen a la jurisdicción de la provincia de Barranca. Se empleó como técnica la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario sobre factores de riesgo: ambientales, sociales, individuales. previo consentimiento informado. Resultados: Los niños padecen de IRAS cuando: existe deficiencia de ventilación en el hogar (n=61,3%), cuando hay zonas polvorientas cerca del hogar (n=54,5%), cuando la lactancia materna exclusiva del niño es inadecuada (n=79,6%), cuando no hay cumplimiento del calendario de vacunas (n=62,9%) y cuando hay hacinamiento en el hogar (n=81,8%). Conclusiones: Los factores que influyen en las infecciones respiratorias agudas en niños menores de 5 años como factores de riesgo ambientales son la deficiencia de ventilación y cuando existe zonas polvorientas cerca del hogar, como factores de riesgo individuales cuando la lactancia materna exclusiva es inadecuada y el no cumplimiento del calendario de vacunación y como factores de riesgo sociales son el hacinamiento en el hogar.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to describe 2 cases of biopsy-proven conjunctival myxomas and present their optical signs on high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) with clinical and histopathological correlations. Methods Two middle-aged female patients with a clinical diagnosis of conjunctival cysts were referred for surgical treatment. Clinical assessment, photographs, ultrasound biomicroscopy, and HR-OCT images were obtained. Excisional biopsies were performed, and specimens were sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Clinically, these patients presented with a well-circumscribed, semitranslucent, yellow-pinkish mass. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a dome-shaped epibulbar mass with medium-to-high internal reflectivity. No compromise of the underlying sclera was noted. HR-OCT showed a normal conjunctival epithelium, a subepithelial nonhomogeneous mass with hyperreflective and hyporeflective areas lined by a highly hyperreflective band, and mild posterior shadowing. Histopathological findings and immunoreactivity for CD34 and vimentin confirmed the diagnosis of conjunctival myxoma. Conclusions The HR-OCT optical signs found in our 2 cases strongly correlated with the microscopic findings. Disclosing the optical signs observed on HR-OCT can help clinicians diagnose and differentiate this lesion, guiding its management. However, more studies with a larger number of patients comparing conjunctival myxoma and other ocular surface tumors are needed to enlighten readers about the unique pattern observed by HR-OCT.

RESUMEN La encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica (EHI) es el síndrome neurológico causado por la asfixia perinatal. La hipotermia terapéutica (HT) ha demostrado reducir la mortalidad y morbilidad asociadas a EHI. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo con 30 recién nacidos con EHI moderada y severa que recibieron HT en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Instituto Materno Perinatal desde setiembre de 2017 a noviembre de 2020. Nueve de los casos fueron severos (30 %). El tiempo promedio de ingreso a HT fue 3.4 horas de vida. No se registraron efectos adversos importantes atribuibles a HT. Todos los pacientes severos tuvieron crisis epilépticas, ecografías cerebrales de ingreso y resonancias con anormalidades. La mortalidad fue de 20.0 %, aunque fue significativamente menor en el grupo con EHI moderada. Se identificaron las características de presentación clínica, electrográfica y radiológica de los neonatos con EHI que recibieron hipotermia terapéutica, la cual se muestra como un procedimiento seguro y efectivo. ABSTRACT Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is the neurological syndrome caused by perinatal asphyxia. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) has been shown to reduce HIE-associated morbidity and mortality. A descriptive and retrospective study with 30 newborns with moderate and severe HIE who underwent TH in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Instituto Materno Perinatal, from September 2017 until November 2020. Nine patients were severely affected (30%). The average tome for being admitted in the ICU was at 3.4 hours of life. No important adverse effects attributable to TH were observed. All severely affected patients experienced epileptic crises, and abnormal cerebral ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging studies on admission. Mortality was 20.0%, but it was significantly lower in the group with moderate HIE. Clinical, electrographic, and radiological characteristics of neonates with HIE who underwent therapeutic hypothermia were identified. This procedure has been shown to be safe and effective.

Purpose To describe the anatomical and functional outcomes of patients with infectious keratitis (IK) and secondary endophthalmitis who underwent penetrating keratoplasty (PK) after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) assisted by temporary keratoprosthesis (TKP). Methods An observational retrospective case series was performed. Data were collected from January 2013 to July 2020. Patients over 18 years old with a clinical and microbiological diagnosis of IK, and clinical, ultrasonographic, and or microbiological diagnosis of endophthalmitis were included. Anatomical success was defined as infection resolution with preservation of the ocular globe integrity. No change or improvement of best-corrected visual acuity (VA) at the last follow-up was considered as a functional success. Results A total of 32 eyes of 32 patients were analyzed. The anatomic success was obtained in 87.5% eyes in which the infection was eradicated. The 63% patients maintained or improved their best-corrected VA, 37.5% ended up with hand motion VA. Conclusions Our results suggest that PPV assisted by TKP followed by PKP can be a good approach for treating patients with endophthalmitis secondary to IK while allowing further visual improvement after an optical PK. Further prospective studies need to be done to evaluate final visual rehabilitation of these patients.

Purpose To describe the clinical outcomes of combined prolene gonioscopy assisted transluminal trabeculotomy (GATT) with phacoemulsification in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Methods Retrospective study of patients with cataract and open-angle glaucoma treated with GATT and phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Patients with neovascular glaucoma, corneal decompensation, unstable IOL, and with bleeding disorders were excluded. The cumulative probability of failure was the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes were the complete success rate, the mean change on intraocular pressure (IOP), best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and number of glaucoma medications at the last follow-up. The frequency of complications was also recorded. Results Thirty two eyes (25 patients) were included. Nineteen (59.3%) were females, with a mean age of 73.4±12.4 (23-87 years) and a mean baseline BCVA of 1.1±0.75 (0.3-3) LogMAR units. The cumulative probability of failure was 3.2% at 1 month and 6.3% at 6 and 12 months. Sixty-eight and 65.5% of eyes achieved complete success at 3 and 6 months, respectively. The reduction of IOP and number of glaucoma medications at 6 months were statistically significant (p

The objective of this article was to review the disorganization of inner retinal layers as a biomarker in diabetic macular edema. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed®/MEDLINE®, Cochrane and Embase until August 2021. The keywords used were: “disorganization of inner retinal layers (DRIL)”, “diabetic macular edema (DME)” and “biomarkers”. No restrictions were imposed on the types of study to be included. The studies selected for eligibility were those that included the diagnosis of diabetic macular edema (center involved, resolved), that were well documented with spectral domain optical coherence tomography, that included disorganization of inner retinal layers as one of the reported alterations, with a follow-up of at least 3 months, and those in which the best corrected visual acuity was evaluated pre and post. There were no limitations regarding the type of treatment established. References of identified studies were searched for additional relevant articles. Articles not published in peer review journals were excluded. All studies were evaluated by two investigators independently. When one of them was in doubt, it was assessed by a third evaluator. A total of seven studies were included. Four were retrospective, longitudinal cohort study and three cross-sectional observational. Regarding the population studied, 61.5% were men and 38.4% were women, most of them had diabetes mellitus type 2 (85.8%). Regarding the stage of diabetes, the percentage of patients with mild nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was 28.2%, with moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was 28.5%, with severe nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was 15.9% and with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy was 27.4%. In 100% of the studies, the diagnosis of diabetic macular edema in the center involved was included by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Heidelberg). In all the studies, the presence of disorganization of inner retinal layers was recorded and its association with best corrected visual acuity was evaluated. The measurement was carried out using the LogMAR scale. In all the studies, the presence or absence of disorganization of inner retinal layers was associated with the best corrected worse/better final visual acuity using p

El síndrome de Pfeiffer es una enfermedad rara de tipo autosómica dominante caracterizada por craneosinostosis bicoronal, hipoplasia medio facial y sindactilia de manos y pies. Se ha descrito 3 fenotipos, siendo el tipo 2 el más severo y que generalmente se diagnostica prenatalmente. Presentamos el primer caso descrito en el Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal de Lima, Perú, de un feto con hallazgos ultrasonográficos sospechosos de este síndrome, como el cráneo en forma de trébol, ventriculomegalia severa, frente abombada, ojos protruidos y dedos superpuestos, que nació por cesárea y falleció a los 8 días de edad por distrés respiratorio progresivo.

Conjunctival myxoma is an uncommon benign tumor that may develop as a localized disease or as part of the Carney complex, in which case it can cause significant morbidity and mortality. Conjunctival myxomas can mimic other pure or mixed tumors and are often overlooked in clinical practice. Histopathological studies are essential for diagnosis; however, controversy regarding their pathological and immunohistochemical features makes the diagnostic process more difficult. Due to the importance of correctly classifying these conjunctival tumors, as well as recognizing when a systematic screening is required due to the possible association with life-threatening diseases, this review comprehensively evaluates the literature published on this rare entity based on a systematic approach.

Purpose: To present a case series of non-healing corneal ulcers treated by solid activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP) combined with silicone-hydrogel soft contact lens.Methods: Three eyes from three patients with unresponsive corneal ulcers were included. A clot of PRP was applied directly onto the corneal ulcer and covered with a soft contact lens. The primary outcome was corneal healing. Changes in corneal ulcer area were measured by analyzing slit-lamp photographs taken using ImageJ software.Results: Successful corneal healing was achieved in all patients within two weeks, with no recurrences or signs of infection through the last follow-up. In two of the three cases, treatment was applied twice.Conclusions: This novel procedure was easy to perform, economically advantageous, and a possible alternative to surgical approaches for enhancing epithelial wound healing in patients with non-healing corneal ulcers. Further prospective and comparative studies are needed to assess the efficacy of this treatment.

PURPOSE To present successful management of bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) by using an allogeneic limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation together with solid activated platelet-rich plasma (PRP). METHODS A 59-year-old man with a history of bilateral LSCD due to penicillin-induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome suffered from a lime corneal burn in his right eye, leading to a total LSCD with severely reduced visual acuity. After stabilizing the ocular surface, we performed an allogeneic limbal epithelial transplantation from a cadaveric donor using an autologous clot of PRP to cover the limbal grafts to nourish the ocular surface microenvironment. RESULTS At the first week after the procedure, the corneal epithelium had fully reepithelized. At month 3, visual acuity improved from hand motion to 20/70. CONCLUSIONS In this case, this new modified procedure was a promising, easy-to-perform, apparently safe, and effective treatment option to enhanced epithelial wound healing in ocular surface diseases. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the incorporation of solid PRP in limbal transplantation procedures.

Background Health needs and access to health care is a huge challenge in developing countries, especially in some isolated indigenous communities. Amantani is an island located at 3854 m above sea level in Lake Titicaca, Peru. There is no official date on key local health needs and determinants, which precludes the prioritization and efficient implementation of health interventions. The objective of this study is to validate a health need assessment tool and ascertain the main health needs of the indigenous high-altitude population living on Amantani. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study to describe the health needs of the indigenous population of Amantani using a questionnaire based on the “Peruvian Demographic and Health Survey”. The questionnaire underwent expert and field-work validation. We selected a random sample of the island residents using two-stage cluster sampling. We estimated the prevalence of key health needs and determinants, and evaluated their distribution by age, sex and education through prevalence ratio. All analyses accounted for the complex sampling design. Results We surveyed 337 individuals (223 adults and 144 children) in 151 houses. The most frequent health needs were: (i) lack of access to medical screening for a)non-communicable diseases (> 63.0%) and b)eye problems (76.5%); and (ii) poor knowledge about communicable diseases (> 54.3%), cancer (71.4%) and contraception (> 32.9%). Smoking and alcohol use was more frequent in males (PR = 4.70 IC95%:1.41–15.63 and PR = 1.69 95% CI:1.27–2.25, respectively). People with higher education had more knowledge about TB/HIV and cancer prevention (p 38% have never undergone eye or dental examination. Corporal punishment and physical bullying at school in the last month were relatively common (23 and 33%, respectively). Conclusion The main health needs in Amantani are related to poor healthcare access and lack of awareness of disease prevention. Our findings can be used to develop and implement efficient health interventions to improve the health and quality of life of indigenous populations living in the islands in Southern Peru/Northern Bolivia. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12939-019-0993-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of preoperative 0.09% bromfenac ophthalmic solution for the reduction of intraoperative miosis and pain in patients who have undergone femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical study included 65 patients with senile cataracts in the absence of significant ocular comorbidity. The patients received 0.09% bromfenac ophthalmic solution or control placebo twice a day for 3 days before surgery. Pupil diameter was measured at the initiation and finalization of femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery, and pain quantification was assessed by an analogous pain scale after one day of follow-up. Results: A total of 65 patients were randomly divided into two groups. Five patients were excluded due to defective coupling with the laser interface. Each of the 60 patients was randomized to receive preoperative topical treatment with either 0.09% bromfenac or 0.1% sodium hyaluronate. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups for age and gender. The mean change in horizontal and vertical pupil diameter from the preoperative to post-femtosecond laser measurements were significantly less in the bromfenac group than in the placebo group (0.43 ± 0.6 vs. 1.71 ± 0.9, P < 0.001 and 0.40 ± 0.6 vs. 1.78 ± 0.9, P < 0.001, respectively). Compared with untreated patients, the quantification of pain one day after the procedure was significantly lower in the 0.09% bromfenac group (46.7% with a score of 3 vs. 50% with a score of 1, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The maintenance of pupil dilation and the prevention of miosis were more effective in the 0.09% bromfenac group than in the control group. Likewise, the greater control of postoperative pain represented an additional significant benefit.

En la actualidad, estudiar un fenómeno espacial y espacio-temporal requiere de la búsqueda de herramientas estadísticas que permitan analizar la dependencia de espacio, tiempo e interacciones. La ciencia que aborda este tipo de temas es la denominada Geoestadística cuya finalidad es predecir fenómenos espaciales. Esta ciencia es considerada el pilar para la modelización de fenómenos que involucran las interacciones de espacio y tiempo. En los últimos 10 años la geoestadística ha tenido gran aplicación en áreas como la geología, la edafología, tratamiento de imágenes, la epidemiologia, la agronomía, la ecología, economía, etc. En esta investigación se aplica para construir un mapa predictivo de la criminalidad en El Salvador; para ello, se estudia la variabilidad conjunta del espacio y tiempo para predecir o generar escenarios delincuenciales: focalizar áreas geográficas de inseguridad, determinar grupos vulnerables a sufrir hechos delictivos, incentivar la formulación de políticas públicas y facilitar la toma de decisiones en el tema de inseguridad.

Objetivos. El propósito del estudio fue identificar las prácticas maternas alimentarias con niños que presentan algún tipo de discapacidad y su influencia en el proceso de inclusión social. Materiales y métodos. Se realizaron tres grupos focales en los que participaron doce madres o cuidadoras de niños con discapacidad. Resultados. Las madres/ cuidadoras se ocupan de la mejoría de sus hijos respecto a su salud física y discapacidad. Sus prácticas de crianza alimentaria contribuyen a su estado de salud, al desarrollo de aprendizajes alimentarios, de comportamiento social en la mesa, de colaboración doméstica así como al desarrollo del lenguaje mediante las interacciones comunicativas y a estrechar los lazos afectivos madre-hijo. Conclusiones. Las prácticas de crianza alimentarias posibilitan la transmisión cultural de preferencias y aversiones alimentarias y adicionalmente, generan un contexto que promueve el desarrollo de aprendizajes de muy diversa índole, que para el caso de los niños con algún tipo de discapacidad, podrían coadyuvar a mejorar sus habilidades y repertorios prosociales mediados por las madres o cuidadoras. Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify the maternal feeding practices with children who have some kind of disability and its influence in their social inclusion process. Materials and Methods. Three focus groups were carried out with the participation of twelve mothers/caregivers of children with disabilities. Results. The mothers/caregivers are in charge of their children’s progress with respect to their physical health and disability. Their feeding practices contribute to their health condition, to the acquisition of nourishing learning, social behavior at the table, domestic collaboration, as well as to the development of language by means of the communicative interactions, and also the tightening of the affective bond between mother and child. Conclusions. Nourishing practices make possible the cultural transmission of food preferences and aversions and, additionally, generate a context that fosters the development of very diverse learning which, in the case of children with some type of disability, could contribute to the improvement of their pro-social skills and repertoires mediated by their mothers or caregivers.

Cytogenetic studies have an important role in the evaluation of couples with repeated miscarriages and poor obstetric history. To estimate the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities and polymorphic variants in 158 couples with repeated miscarriages, a cross-sectional study was conducted in Monterrey, Mexico from 1995 to 2003. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured for chromosomal studies using standard methods. Twelve couples showed chromosomal abnormalities (7.60%), two Robertsonian translocations (1.27%), two balanced translocations (1.27%), one inversion (0.63%), and one a novel insertion (0.63%). This insertion [46, XX, ins (15;8) (q26;p11p23)] is unique, and is the third reported in association with repeated abortion. Mosaicism was observed in six couples (3.80%, three with structural abnormalities and three with numerical abnormalities). A female to male ratio of 1.4:1 was observed. In addition to these chromosomal abnormalities, polymorphic variants in constitutive heterochromatin of the 1qh+, 9qh+, and 16qh+ chromosomes were observed in 25 couples (15.82%), of the Yqh+ chromosome in 21 couples (13.29%), and of satellite in 35 couples (22.15%). In conclusion, chromosome analysis is necessary for appropriate clinical management of these patients.

Se presenta el caso de un niño de un año de edad con neuroblastoma de localización en el mediastino posterior, que debutó con manifestaciones de Síndrome de Kinsbourne (opsoclonus, mioclonus), y que mejoró ostensiblemente después de la extracción quirúrgica del tumor. Se discute la frecuencia, localización, forma de presentación y tratamiento del síndrome.

The effects of zimelidine, fluvoxamine, and citalopram (serotonin uptake blockers), as well as those of 5-hydroxytryptophan (serotonin precursor), on the voluntary consumption of 10% ethanol solution, distilled water and solid food were tested in UChA (genetically low ethanol consumer) and UChB (genetically high ethanol consumer) rats. Since it is well known that drugs which stimulate central serotonergic synapses decrease food and water intake, the data concerning the difference of the respective consumption during the treatment period and the pretreatment one were analysed with a method previously proposed (Alcohol 5:15–19; 1988) to recognize specific effects on ethanol intake. The results showed that while the decrease of ethanol consumption induced by the three serotonin uptake blockers appeared not to be specific of ethanol, the effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan in UChB rats satisfy the criteria for being considered as an expression of a decrease of the specific appetite—or increase satiety—for ethanol. Experimental results cannot help in the explanation of this difference.

Considering the advance in the knowledge of the psychiatric disease's physiopathology and its treatment, it becomes necessary the use of image processing algorithms in order to help the psychiatric diagnosis and to monitor the therapy. It is not but until the appearance of neuroimaging equipment that this branch of medicine "counts on" a support in engineering, emphasizing the technique of functional brain imaging in the neurological and psychiatric analysis. The purpose of this investigation is to create a tool composed by an image processing system, a dynamic information database and algorithms of comparative analysis, based on SPECT technology. The use of this tool allows to identify and compare common patterns and to obtain incidence levels in a quantitative form.

Whiplash is a sprain of the ligament with strain of the paraspinal muscles due to acceleration or back acceleration of energy transmitted to the neck. The symptoms are neck pain, neck stiffness, muscular spasm and a multitude of discomforts that affect job-related and activities of daily living. In 2000, the Mexican Social Security System treated more than 15,000 cases of whiplash due to job-related activities. With this information, we organized an expert team in order to develop guidelines using methodology of evidence-based medicine and with a focus on early treatment prescribed by the general practitioner in order for the patient to obtain quick relief and to return the patient to his job and to his daily living activities as soon as possible.

The immediate and the long-lasting effects of PCPA (126 mg/kg IP for 3 days) on the voluntary consumption of 10% v/v ethanol solution, water and solid food were studied in genetically low (UChA) and high (UChB) ethanol consumer rats. Data were analysed according to the method proposed by the authors for recognizing specific effects on ethanol consumption. Results confirmed immediate specific decrease of ethanol consumption in UChB rats, while a nonspecific decrease of it was observed in UChA rats. In UChB rats ethanol consumption recovered the basic level about nine days after the first dose. By contradistinction, in UChA rats a significant specific increase of ethanol consumption, starting at the first week after the treatment, was observed. During this period 12 out of 21 UChA rats reached an ethanol consumption level commonly observed in UChB rats, and 10 of them recovered the pretreatment level in 15 to 30 weeks. The other 2 maintained the high consumption until 38 weeks of observation. At that time the serotonin content of cortex and hippocampus of these 2 rats was normal.

The development of tolerance by exposure to ethanol vapor in rats of the UChA and UChB strains has been studied. The exposure to ethanol vapor (6-7 mg per liter of air) during 46 hours developed clear tolerance to ethanol narcosis time in rats of both strains and sexes, while no tolerance to latency time was developed in any of these strains. Regarding the hypothermic effect of ethanol, only male rats of the UChB strains showed a decrease of rectal temperature significantly lower (p less than 0.05) than its respective control group. Blood alcohol levels (BALs) at awakening after the injection of ethanol (60 mmole/kg IP) were also determined. The results showed only a significantly lower BAL (p less than 0.05) in the females of the UChA strain subjected to ethanol inhalation.

The effect of daily doses of 80 mg/kg (intraperitoneal) of alphamethylparatyrosine, AMPT (inhibitor of tyrosine hydroxylase) on the voluntary consumption of ethanol, water, and solid food was studied in rats of both sexes belonging to the UChA (lower ethanol consumer) and UChB (high ethanol consumer) strains. The consumptions during the treatment period were compared to those of the preceeding one (basic). Decrease of ethanol and solid food intake and increase of that of water in UChB rats and only a decrease of solid food intake in UChA rats were observed. These effects cannot be ascribed to blocking of dopaminergic or noradrenergic synapses, since this dose of AMPT inhibits the in vivo synthesis of both catecholamines.

"Los principales factores relacionados con el rendimiento académico son las estrategias de estudio y autorregulación que poseen los estudiantes, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo es comparar dos muestras de alumnos: una en situación regular y otra en rezago escolar. E l Inventario de Estrategias de Estudio y Autorregulación ( IEEA ) de Castañeda (2004) s e aplicó a 41 estudiantes, y lo que se observó es que ambos grupos requieren apoyo para el desarrollo de estrategias correspondientes a las cuatro escalas del instrumento : adquisición de la información, administración de recursos de memoria, procesamiento de la información y autorregulación en las tres dimensiones : persona, tareas y materiales. El resultado obtenido evidencia la necesidad de desarrollar programas que beneficien la consolidación de estrategias de estudio y autorregulación, y resalta la importancia de analizar los factores de la formación docente y perfeccionamiento de programas y planes de estudio para la mejora del rendimiento académico en instituciones de educación superior."