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Tracing the sources of cyber-attacks in Power Industrial Control Systems (PICS) can help the defense systems to block the attacks, and support the decision of the grid control policies. However, there has been no work on the cyber-attack source traceback for PICS, and the methods for the Internet are not suitable for PICS in terms of fineness, real-time performance, and supporting communication protocols. Therefore, a method for tracing cyber-attacks in PICS is proposed. First, the communication network architecture of PICS and the cyber security threats to PICS are analyzed. Then, an extended hybrid tracing method (ExtHT) based on packet marking and packet logging is proposed. This method involves all the devices working at the data link layer and upper layers to achieve more fine-grained attack tracing. At the same time, taking the costs of attack tracing into consideration, a coarse-grained tracing mode is presented to improve the tracing speed. In addition, a log database optimization scheme is provided to reduce storage costs. To facilitate the application of this method in practice, a cyber-attack source tracing system and its deployment architecture are designed for PICS. Further, the applicability and limitations of ExtHT are analyzed, theory ratiocinations are given to justify our ExtHT, and the performance of our ExtHT is compared with that of existing mainstream methods. Finally, two cyber-attack scenarios against PICS are constructed and the feasibility of ExtHT is verified on them.

Introducing superabsorbent polymer (SAP) into white fair-faced concrete can achieve the purpose of internal curing, which is beneficial to the popularization and application of white fair-faced concrete. The effects of the SAP mixture and internal curing water content on the properties of white fair-faced concrete were investigated macroscopically through the indexes, including slump, electric flux, standard cube compressive strength, and tensile splitting strength. The mechanism of these influence laws was further analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results show that the slump increases with the increase of SAP content and internal curing water; the incorporation of SAP can significantly reduce the electric flux of white fair-faced concrete and improve its durability; with the increase of SAP admixture and internal curing water content, the compressive strength of white fair-faced concrete decreases, which has a significant impact on the early compressive strength; the addition of SAP is beneficial to the improvement of the tensile properties and tensile-compression ratio of white fair-faced concrete. When the SAP content is 0.2%, and the internal curing water is ten times the mass of SAP, the optimal performance of white fair-faced concrete can be achieved; the water released by the SAP promotes the secondary hydration reaction, which can refine the internal structure of white fair-faced concrete.

Contours traced by trained phoneticians have been considered to be the most accurate way to identify the midsagittal tongue surface from ultrasound video frames. In this study, inter-measurer reliability was evaluated using measures that quantified both how closely human-placed contours approximated each other as well as how consistent measurers were in defining the start and end points of contours. High reliability across three measurers was found for all measures, consistent with treating contours placed by trained phoneticians as the ‘gold standard.’ However, due to the labour-intensive nature of hand-placing contours, automatic algorithms that detect the tongue surface are increasingly being used to extract tongue-surface data from ultrasound videos. Contours placed by six automatic algorithms (SLURP, EdgeTrak, EPCS, and three different configurations of the algorithm provided in Articulate Assistant Advanced) were compared to human-placed contours, with the same measures used to evaluate the consistency of the trained phoneticians. We found that contours defined by SLURP, EdgeTrak, and two of the AAA configurations closely matched the hand-placed contours along sections of the image where the algorithms and humans agreed that there was a discernible contour. All of the algorithms were much less reliable than humans in determining the anterior (tongue-tip) edge of tongue contours. Overall, the contours produced by SLURP, EdgeTrak, and AAA should be useable in a variety of clinical applications, subject to spot-checking. Additional practical considerations of these algorithms are also discussed.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-induced cytokine storm is closely associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity and lethality. However, drugs that are effective against inflammation to treat lethal COVID-19 are still urgently needed. Here, we constructed a SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-specific CAR, and human T cells infected with this CAR (SARS-CoV-2-S CAR-T) and stimulated with spike protein mimicked the T-cell responses seen in COVID-19 patients, causing cytokine storm and displaying a distinct memory, exhausted, and regulatory T-cell phenotype. THP1 remarkably augmented cytokine release in SARS-CoV-2-S CAR-T cells when they were in coculture. Based on this “two-cell” (CAR-T and THP1 cells) model, we screened an FDA-approved drug library and found that felodipine, fasudil, imatinib, and caspofungin were effective in suppressing the release of cytokines, which was likely due to their ability to suppress the NF-κB pathway in vitro. Felodipine, fasudil, imatinib, and caspofungin were further demonstrated, although to different extents, to attenuate lethal inflammation, ameliorate severe pneumonia, and prevent mortality in a SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian hamster model, which were also linked to their suppressive role in inflammation. In summary, we established a SARS-CoV-2-specific CAR-T-cell model that can be utilized as a tool for anti-inflammatory drug screening in a fast and high-throughput manner. The drugs identified herein have great potential for early treatment to prevent COVID-19 patients from cytokine storm-induced lethality in the clinic because they are safe, inexpensive, and easily accessible for immediate use in most countries.

Background: The 21-gene Recurrence Score (Oncotype DX) is a genomic assay that provides prognostic information for distant recurrence risk and is predictive of adjuvant chemotherapy benefit in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER-2 negative early-stage breast cancer (EBC). The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) is another molecular gene expression-based assay that evaluates the utility of extending adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) from 5 to 10 years and predicts risk of distant recurrence. In January 2021, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Guidelines added BCI to guide duration of adjuvant ET as a category 2A recommendation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the association between BCI and RS in terms of their predicted benefit for adjuvant therapy and risk of distant recurrence. We also assessed the association of various anatomic and biologic tumor features with BCI. Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of all patients with HR-positive EBC who had a BCI and Oncotype DX performed between 2007-2021. Demographics, tumor characteristics and BCI and RS results were extracted from the electronic medical record. Patients were categorized by BCI predictive of extended ET (formerly BCI high) versus not (formerly BCI low) and RS of low (0-10), intermediate (11-25) and high (26-100). Numerical values for distant recurrence risk were recorded for both BCI and Oncotype DX tests. Multivariable regression models were used to assess the relationship between BCI and Oncotype DX as well as factors associated with each. Results: We identified 153 women with HR-positive EBC with both RS and BCI performed. The median age of the population was 57 years and 25% were premenopausal. 32% (n=49) had a BCI result predictive of benefit from extended adjuvant ET. When comparing patients with BCI predictive of extended ET versus those with BCI not predictive of extended ET, there was no association between BCI and RS based on multivariate logistic regression models, p=0.7. A similar distribution of RS was observed between patients who had a BCI result predictive of benefit from extended ET versus not predictive. Among 49 patients with a BCI predictive of extended ET, 35% had high RS, 63% intermediate RS and 2% low RS. Among 104 patients with a BCI not predictive of extended ET, 24%, 73% and 3% had high, intermediate, and low RS, respectively. Multivariate regression models revealed an association between poorly differentiated tumors and BCI result predictive of extended ET, p=0.002. No associations were observed between BCI and menopausal status, ER%, PR%, tumor size or lymph node positivity. Regarding risk of recurrence, there was an association between BCI and Oncotype DX in terms of their predicted numerical risk of recurrence, p< 0.001. Higher percentage of PR positivity, poorly differentiated tumors, and lymph node positivity were associated with a higher risk of recurrence on the BCI. Conclusions: In our patient population selected to have Oncotype DX and BCI performed, we found no association between the two genomic assays in terms of their predictive benefit. However, there was an association between Oncotype DX and BCI in terms of their prognostic ability. Given the increased use of BCI since its inclusion in national guidelines, it is important to understand its relationship with other genomic assays especially when used to guide clinical decisions and estimate prognosis. Citation Format: Rima Patel, Nicole Casasanta, Zhiqiang Li, Melanie Kier, Julia Blanter, Sophie Sohval, Malin Hovstadius, Catherine Wu, Marc Fink, Xiang Zhou, Brittney Zimmerman, Krystal Cascetta, Rong Chen, William Oh, Amy Tiersten. Correlating Predicted Adjuvant Therapy Benefit and Risk of Recurrence between Breast Cancer Index (BCI) and 21-gene Oncotype DX Recurrence Score (RS) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-04-09.

To translate the English version Child Food Neophobia Scale (CFNS) into the Chinese version and test its reliability and validity in preschool children.To create the Chinese version of the CFNS, it was translated, back-translated, and cross-culturally adapted. The use of the Chinese version of CFNS by 575 parents of preschool children in two kindergartens in Yangzhou City was investigated using cluster sampling to assess the reliability and validity of the scale.The Chinese version of CFNS has nine items in total. The scale-level average content validity index (S-CVI/Ave) is 0.983. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) extracted 2 common factors, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 49.437%. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) showed that the 2-factor model was well fitted. The Cronbach'α coefficient of the scale was 0.759, the Cronbach'α coefficients of the two factors were 0.735 and 0.713, the split-half reliability was 0.788, and the test-retest reliability was 0.756.The Chinese version of the Child Food Neophobia Scale has good reliability and validity in preschool children and can be used as an assessment tool for food neophobia in preschool children in China.This study has gone through a rigorous translation process, and the CFNS may support future exploration of food neophobia in preschool children. Food allergy factors in the results may be the next step in the research, and several studies are still needed to understand the relationship between food allergy and food neophobia.

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a lethal swine pathogen, and there is no effective vaccine or treatment available for ASFV infection. Recently, the occurrence of ASFV genotype I and genotype II natural mutants that manifest as subacute, longer-incubation, or persistent infections poses threats to preventing ASFV infection. The dynamics of antibody responses to ASFV are still completely unrevealed, especially the secretion of mucosal antibodies in oral fluid. Here, a systematic analysis was performed of serological and mucosal antibody secretion against 6 ASFV antigens after direct or indirect infection with four different ASFV strains or genotypes, namely, the field virulent genotype II isolate ASFV HLJ/18, the artificially attenuated genotype II strain HLJ/18-7GD, the naturally attenuated genotype II isolate HLJ/HRB1/20, and genotype I isolate SD/DY-I/21. Severe clinical signs of HLJ/18 infection were observed in pigs from 4 days postinoculation. However, no clinical signs were observed in HLJ/18-7GD-infected pigs. The contact pigs cohoused with the pigs intramuscularly infected with the isolate SD/DY-I/21 or HLJ/HRB1/20 only showed chronic clinical signs. Interestingly, the oral fluid sIgA responses to all the selected antigens were significantly stronger and earlier than the serum IgG responses in both HLJ/18- and HLJ/18-7GD-challenged pigs. Although significant fluctuations and individual differences appeared in oral swab sIgA responses in the contact transmission group, they were earlier than the corresponding serological IgG responses. Moreover, according to the comparative analysis of the three infection groups, P54 was proposed to be a dominant target for serological IgG diagnosis, while P30, CD2v, P54, P22, and P10 were more advantageous as mucosal sIgA diagnosis targets. These results highlight the important role of mucosal antibodies in the early diagnosis of ASFV infection and can provide references to screen appropriate targets for ASFV detection.

Objective: To clarify the effects of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) on the clinical outcomes of patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) complicated with reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) through meta-analysis. Methods: Three major literature databases – PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane – were searched by search terms and the literature retrieval time was publications dating from January 2007 to December 2021. To search for observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing the efficacy of PCI and CABG in patients with CHD and HFrEF, the abstract or full text of the literature was read and the final included literature was determined, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The quality of the included literature was evaluated using the Ottawa scale and data extraction was further completed. Data analysis was made using RevMan5.4 and R4.1 software; relevant forest plots and funnel plots were made, according to the extracted data. Egger’s test was used to evaluate whether the data had publication bias. Outcomes were the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Results: A total of 10 studies were included and 11,032 subjects were included, made up of 5,521 cases of PCI and 5,511 cases of CABG. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups in cardiac mortality (CM) (RR=1.13, 95% CI 0.98-1.30, P = 0.10) and in overall all-cause mortality (ACM) (RR=1.12, 95% CI 0.92-1.37, P = 0.25). In the subgroup analysis of ACM, in the subgroups with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) less than 35% and exceeding 35% and less than 50% (RR=1.12, 95% CI 0.92-1.37, P = 0.25) between the two groups, there was no statistical difference. However, among other MACE, compared with the PCI group, the CABG group had a lower risk of MACE (RR=1.58, 95%CI 1.49-1.70, P < 0.00001), myocardial infarction (MI) (RR=1.99, 95% CI 1.02-3.88, P = 0.04), heart failure (HF) (RR=1.29, 95% CI 1.17-1.43, P < 0.00001) and revascularization (RR=2.74, 95% CI 1.93-3.90, P < 0.00001). Finally in the CABG group, the risk of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) was higher (RR=0.71, 95% CI 0.58-0.86, P = 0.0006) than the PCI group. Conclusions: The mortality rates of PCI and CABG were similar in patients with CHD complicated with HFrEF. Compared with PCI, CABG had a lower incidence of MACE, MI, HF, and revascularization, and a higher incidence of stroke or TIA.

Background: There are limited studies designed by matching related factors to compare clinical outcomes and return to sport (RTS) between patients undergoing revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (R-ACLR) and primary ACLR (P-ACLR). Purpose: (1) To compare the outcomes between R-ACLR and P-ACLR in a matched-pair analysis with 3- to 5-year follow-up and (2) to evaluate patient-reported factors for not returning to preinjury-level sport. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Patients who underwent R-ACLR between September 2016 and November 2018 were propensity matched by age, sex, body mass index, passive anterior tibial subluxation, and generalized hypermobility in a 1:1 ratio to patients who underwent P-ACLR during the same period. By combining in person follow-up at 2 years postoperatively and telemedicine interview at the final follow-up (January 2022), knee stability and clinical scores were compared, including International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC), Lysholm, and Tegner. Status of RTS was requested, specifically whether the patient returned to preinjury level of sport. Patient-reported reasons for not returning were analyzed. Results: There were 63 matched pairs in the present study. Knee stability was similar in terms of KT-2000 arthrometer, Lachman test, and pivot-shift test results between the groups at 2 years of follow-up. At the final follow-up, no significant difference was found between groups for postoperative clinical scores (IKDC, Tegner, and Lysholm) ( P > .05). There was a significant difference in total RTS: 53 (84.1%) in the P-ACLR cohort and 41 (65.1%) in the R-ACLR cohort ( P = .014). No significant difference was shown in terms of RTS at the same level: 35 (55.6%) in P-ACLR and 31 (49.2%) in R-ACLR ( P = .476). Significantly more patients showed fear of reinjury: 26 of 32 (81.3%) in the R-ACLR group as compared with 15 of 28 (53.5%) in the P-ACLR group ( P < .021). Conclusion: R-ACLR resulted in similar clinical scores (IKDC, Tegner, and Lysholm) but significantly lower RTS versus P-ACLR at 3 to 5 years of follow-up. Fear of reinjury was the most common factor that caused sport changes in patients with R-ACLR.

The unsupported sleeper can change the load characteristics of ballast particles and thus affect the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed. In this work, a laboratory test was constructed on a ballasted track containing unsupported sleepers. The ballasted track was excited by a wheelset, and the influence of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic stability of a ballasted bed was studied. The results show that the main frequency of the sleeper vibration appeared at 670 Hz, and the first-order rigid vibration mode at the frequency of 101 Hz had a significant effect on the condition without the unsupported sleeper. When the sleepers were continuously unsupported, the vibration damping effect of ballasted bed within the frequency range of 0–450 Hz was better than that at higher frequencies. Within the frequency range of 70–250 Hz, the vibration damping effect of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers was better than that without the unsupported sleeper. Owing to the excitation from the wheelset impact, the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed with unsupported sleepers whose hanging heights were 30, 60, and 90 mm increased by 37.43%, 12.25%, and 18.23%, respectively, while the lateral resistance of the ballasted bed without the unsupported sleeper remained basically unchanged. The unsupported sleeper could increase the difference in the quality of the ballasted bed between two adjacent sleepers. In addition, test results show that the hanging height of the unsupported sleeper had little effect on the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed without external excitation, but had an obvious effect on the rate of change of the lateral resistance of a ballasted bed and the acceleration amplitude of the sleeper vibration under the wheelset impact.