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In Russia, the number of beef cattle until recently was concentrated mainly in Kalmykia and adjacent regions. However, the lack of purposeful breeding has led to the fact that the purebred livestock of Kalmyk meat breed has significantly decreased and lost its unique qualities. Introduction of embryo transfer biotechnology can solve the problem of restoring breed qualities under the condition of accelerated reproduction of genotyped livestock. The aim of the research was to study Kalmyk breed response to polyovulation considering further increase in transferrable embryo productivity - the main indicator specific to each breed. As the formation of the breed took place in pasture conditions with a pronounced seasonal sexual cycle, there were doubts about the possibility of using embryo transfer technology in any season. The experiments were carried out on Kalmyk cows at Kalmytskoye farm in 2010 and at the Regional Research and Production Center for Reproduction of Farm Animals, Kalmyk State University, in 2022. The results of the study showed that it was better to synchronize sexual hunting using prostaglandins after 3-4 months after calving (May-October). According to the results of immunogenetic testing, 10 breeding cows and 2 breeding bulls were selected as donors. In September-October, in order to test the embryo transfer method in nomadic animal husbandry, the first work was carried out to stimulate poliovulation and obtain embryos from 3 donor cows. A total of 23 embryos and eggs were obtained, 10 of which were suitable for transplantation. Transferrable embryos were frozen on a ZEM-4 software freezer after equilibration in 1.5 M ethylene glycol cryoprotector solution.

Aims One of the most important complications of heart transplantation is organ rejection, which is diagnosed on endomyocardial biopsies by pathologists. Computer-based systems could assist in the diagnostic process and potentially improve reproducibility. Here, we evaluated the feasibility of using deep learning in predicting the degree of cellular rejection from pathology slides as defined by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) grading system. Methods and results We collected 1079 histopathology slides from 325 patients from three transplant centres in Germany. We trained an attention-based deep neural network to predict rejection in the primary cohort and evaluated its performance using cross-validation and by deploying it to three cohorts. For binary prediction (rejection yes/no), the mean area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was 0.849 in the cross-validated experiment and 0.734, 0.729, and 0.716 in external validation cohorts. For a prediction of the ISHLT grade (0R, 1R, 2/3R), AUROCs were 0.835, 0.633, and 0.905 in the cross-validated experiment and 0.764, 0.597, and 0.913; 0.631, 0.633, and 0.682; and 0.722, 0.601, and 0.805 in the validation cohorts, respectively. The predictions of the artificial intelligence model were interpretable by human experts and highlighted plausible morphological patterns. Conclusion We conclude that artificial intelligence can detect patterns of cellular transplant rejection in routine pathology, even when trained on small cohorts.

BACKGROUND: Anti-angiogenic therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME), recognized as the gold standard, is not always effective. When compensating for the general somatic status, it is necessary to search for local causes of DME resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy. AIM: To study the effectiveness and features of anti-angiogenic therapy for DME in normal and pathological vitreoretinal interface (VRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients who received anti-angiogenic therapy for 12 months, in addition to the standard examination, underwent optical coherence tomography with an assessment of morphometric parameters and VRI. RESULTS: In addition to the groups of normal and pathological VRI, a group of transformation from pathological to normal VRI was identified. Visual acuity increases with normal VRI, decreases with pathological. OCT scores decrease in both groups. In the transformation group, an increase in vision and a decrease in OCT parameters were observed only after VRI transformation. CONCLUSION: The pathologic condition of the VRI reduces effectiveness of anti-angiogenic therapy for DME, except for 10% of cases in which VRI is transformed into normal within 5-6 months from the start of treatment. These data should be taken into account when choosing a treatment strategy for DME.

Introduction. The relevance of the study of steppe phytocenoses is caused by the unsatisfactory state of natural grass stands, namely a low level of biodiversity and a high degree of degradation. The aim of the work is to determine the features of the connection of the Earth remote sensing data with the state and degree of degradation of natural grass stands in unstable moistening zone and arid zone of the Stavropol Territory. The Earth remote sensing data with certain temporal and spatial resolutions make it possible to carry out almost continuous monitoring of the state of natural grass stands. Materials and Methods. The study of steppe phytocenoses was carried out in 2016–2020 on the ground at discount areas (100 m2) according to the requirements of methods generally accepted in phytocenology. Vegetation condition was assessed using the Earth remote sensing data based on the values of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. According to the satellite data, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index cartograms were constructed for each point of the study. Results. The proportion of polygons with a high degree of degradation is 18.8% of research objects located in the zone of unstable moistening and the proportion of polygons with an average degree of degradation is 37.5%, while in the arid zone 70.6 and 23.5%, respectively. In the zone of unstable moistening, the highest coefficients of rank correlation between the degradation degree and the area occupied by herbaceous vegetation with a certain value of the vegetation index are observed in the case if Normalized Difference Vegetation Index is in the range of 0.0–0.4, and in the arid zone 0.0–0.3 (at 0.01 significance level). Discussion and Conclusion. When using the Earth remote sensing data to assess the degree of degradation of steppe ecosystems of the Stavropol Territory, it is necessary to use regression models specific to various soil and climatic conditions.

Importance: Septorhinoplasties are performed for functional, aesthetic, or a combination of these indications. As a nonvital intervention, cost-effectiveness may be questioned. Objective: To determ...

The effect of Pb small additives on the microstructure and phase composition of palladium-based diffusion membrane-filters was studied in this work. In the present study, we comprehensively investigated the lead-containing palladium alloy by X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. The predisposition of the alloy to the formation of a conditionally homogeneous nanodisperse substructure with small values of micro-deformations is established. The stable preservation of the phase composition during a single hydrogenation is revealed.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The field of pathology is currently undergoing a significant transformation from traditional glass slides to a digital format dependent on whole slide imaging. Transitioning from glass to digital has opened the field to development and application of image analysis technology, commonly deep learning methods (artificial intelligence) to assist pathologists with tissue examination. Nephropathology is poised to leverage this technology to improve precision, accuracy, and efficiency in clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS: Through a multidisciplinary approach, nephropathologists and computer scientists have made significant recent advances in developing artificial intelligence technology to identify histological structures within whole slide images (segmentation), quantification of histologic structures, prediction of clinical outcomes, and classifying disease. Virtual staining of tissue and automation of electron microscopy imaging are emerging applications with particular significance for nephropathology. SUMMARY: Artificial intelligence applied to image analysis in nephropathology has potential to transform the field by improving diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, efficiency, and prognostic power. Reimbursement, demonstration of clinical utility, and seamless workflow integration are essential to widespread adoption.

The local environment of manganese and cobalt in diffusion doped Ca3(VO4)2 crystals was experimentally evidenced: tetrahedral coordination and the coordination intermediate between tetrahedral and octahedral was revealed for Mn(2+δ)+ and Co2+ ions.

The article deals with the study of current issues regarding the development of the modern education system in Ukraine. The process of defining and substantiating strategic prospects for the development of the personnel management system in educational institutions of Ukraine is complex, as it requires a comprehensive analysis of modern trends and various influencing factors. In order to substantiate the strategic perspectives of the development of the personnel management system in educational institutions of Ukraine, we have developed a comprehensive research methodology. The methodology for determining the strategic prospects for the development of the personnel management system in Ukraine’s educational institutions involves the implementation of a system of important tasks within 4 main stages. These 4 stages include 1) quantitative analysis of modern trends in the formation of educational institutions of various types; 2) comparative analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the formation of educational institutions of different types; 3) strategic analysis of trends in the development of educational institutions of Ukraine according to the methodology of the Boston Consulting Group; 4) determination of strategic prospects for the development of various educational institutions of Ukraine. According to the results of the quantitative analysis of trends in the development of educational institutions, it was established that over the past 10 years, ambiguous trends have been observed, in particular, regarding the decrease in the number of educational institutions and the demand for educational services of most educational institutions. A comparative analysis of the qualitative characteristics of the formation of educational institutions of different types showed that each of the above types of educational institutions has its strengths and weaknesses, its advantages and disadvantages of functioning. The results of the strategic analysis of the market of educational institutions in Ukraine based on the matrix of the Boston Consulting Group made it possible to divide all public and private educational institutions into 4 groups: «Dogs», «Problem children», «Stars», «Cash Cows». According to the results of the study, the strategic directions and priorities of the improvement and development of the personnel management system in the educational institutions of Ukraine at the current stage are substantiated.

The antimicrobial property against different bacteria with cerium oxide formation mainly depends on the content of Ce3+ ions.

Fast crystallization of the monoclathrochelate cobalt(II) intracomplex [Co(Cl

The evolution of a nanostructured state of palladium—lead membrane alloys during their interaction with hydrogen was studied using precision X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation (SR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). The importance of this topic is due to the need and demand for improving the performance characteristics of dense metal diffusion filters for high purity hydrogen separation processes. Palladium-based membrane filters with lead concentrations of 5 and 20 wt.% were prepared via electric arc melting from high purity metals (99.95%). The thickness of the filters was 50 μm. Hydrogenation was carried out from a gas medium at 573 K and the pressure of 16 atm. within 150 min. The focus of the study is on the structural state of diffusion filter membranes depending on the content of the palladium-alloying element—lead—and on analysis of the substructure of alloys before and 5300 h relaxation after hydrogenation is carried out. Specific features of the surface morphology and the structure of the membrane filters depending on the concentration of lead in the alloys are determined. The formation and development of deformation processes in metal systems upon the hydrogenation is shown. The establishment of peculiarities of hydrogen interaction with metals will contribute to obtaining new potentially important characteristics of membrane filters.

Received: 25.09.22. Revised: 30.09.22. Accepted: 30.09.22. Available online: 10.10.22. A new phase Ba5In2Al2Zr0.9Nb0.1O13.05 with a hexagonal perovskite structure was obtained. The substitution of Zr4+ by smaller Nb5+ was accompanied by the incorporation of the oxygen interstitials and did not lead to a significant change in the lattice parameters. It was established that the investigated sample was capable of water incorporation from the gas phase; the hydration degree value was 0.24 mol H2O. IR-spectroscopy analysis revealed the presence of OH−-groups with different thermal stability, which participate in different hydrogen bonds. The new phase Ba5In2Al2Zr0.9Nb0.1O13.05 demonstrates the predominant protonic conductivity at pH2O = 2·10−2 atm and Т < 600 °C. This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation and Government of Sverdlovsk region, Joint Grant 22-23-20003.

In order to clarify the role of R

In recent years, the key principles of the electric power industry have radically changed and the number of studies on the development of devices for electrical energy storage in a different form such as mechanical or chemical energy has rapidly increased. This review gives a brief description of these devices. The attention is focused on redox flow batteries (RFBs), a promising type of energy storage devices capable of efficiently operating in distributed power grids, in order to eliminate the imbalance between the time-varying electricity production by ‘unconventional sources’ and electricity consumption. At the design level, RFBs combine the principles of fuel cells and chemical energy sources with solid electroactive materials: transitions between electrical and chemical forms of energy in these devices occur upon oxidation and reduction of redox-active electrolytes, which are stored in separate tanks and pumped into the electrode compartments of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) separated by a semi-permeable membrane. This approach ensures an important advantage of these devices over other types of chemical energy sources, that is, the possibility of independent scaling of the energy storage capacity and power characteristics of the system. This review provides a systematic description of the main types of RFBs and analysis of their fundamental benefits and drawbacks, which determine the prospects for practical applications of RFBs. The bibliography includes 149 references.

Data reproducibility and single-center bias are concerns in preclinical research and compromise translation from animal to human. Multicenter preclinical randomized controlled trials (pRCT) may reduce the gap between experimental studies and RCT and improve the predictability of results, for example Jak1/2 inhibition in lupus nephritis. To evaluate this, we conducted the first pRCT in the kidney domain at two Spanish and two German academic sites. Eligible MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice (female, age13-14 weeks, stress scores of less than two and no visible tumor or signs of infection) were equally randomized to either oral treatment with the Jak1/2 inhibitor baricitinib or vehicle for four weeks. Central blinded histology analysis was performed at an independent fifth site. The primary endpoint was the urinary protein/creatinine ratio. Baricitinib treatment did not significantly affect proteinuria, histological markers of activity and chronicity, or the glomerular filtration rate but significantly improved plasma autoantibody levels and lymphadenopathy. Data heterogeneity was noted across the different centers referring in part to phenotype differences between MRL/MpJ-Faslpr mice bred at different sites, mimicking well patient phenotype diversity in lupus trials. Multicenter pRCT can overcome single-center bias at the cost of increasing variability and reducing effect size. Thus, our pRCT predicts a low effect size of baricitinib treatment on human lupus nephritis in heterogeneous study populations.

Nowadays, computer games occupy a large share of the entertainment industry market: according to data for 2019, the market volume was $ 152.1 billion (for comparison, the market volume in 2018 was $ 137.9 billion). The growing popularity of the industry led to the inclusion of computer games in 2005 on the UNESCO World Heritage List, and in 2003 – to the establishment of a video game award by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts. Computer games are increasingly penetrating our lives, and thus follows the language of “gamers”, exerting an increas-ing influence on the normative language. Computer games are a vast topic for research and study, especially in terms of language and teaching. Teaching translation in the modern world should in-clude a comprehensive preparation of future specialists for work. In the current education system of the Russian Federation, there is no professional training of translators for the localization of computer games, therefore, translators who wish to work in this area need to undergo additional training outside the higher education system. This brings to the fore the issue of needing to identify the features of the translation process and localization of computer games in order to improve the quality of teaching translation. We consider the features of translation and localization from English into Russian based on the texts of the computer game “The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt”.

In 2018–2019, the excavations of an aisleless church dated from the tenth to thirteenth centuries and located in quarter II on the territory of a provincial Byzantine town atop of the plateau of Eski-Kermen discovered fragments of wall-plaster with polychrome painting. There are several shades of green, two shades of red, white (beige), yellow (ochre), and grey-brown colours. This paper presents the results of studies of the colour layer, determines pigments and cohesive colour components, and uncovers the features of the painting technique applied to the walls of the church. Four groups of samples were selected for the study featuring: 1 – white, 2 – yellow, 3 – red, and 4 – green colours. The elemental composition of the colour layer was studied by scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX). The phase constitution of the samples was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) method with the use of diffractometers operated in a transmission mode at the Kurchatov synchrotron radiation source. The chemical composition of colour layers was studied by infrared spectroscopy, and the study of cohesive colour materials was carried out by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The elemental composition and phase constitution of the white colour indicated the use of lime whitewash. Yellow ochre (goethite) was used as yellow colour. Red colour features the presence of hematite typical for the group of pigments united under the name of red soils. However, the discovery of 1% goethite typical for yellow ochres in the phase constitution of one sample allows the possibility that burnt yellow ochre was used as a red pigment. The green colour was green soil (glauconite and celadonite). It should be noted that none of the examined samples of red pigment contained traces of vermilion, which occurred in ancient paintings in the Crimea and was typical for Byzantine wall-paintings. In all the samples of pigments contained a significant degree of calcite (36-98%), possibly due to the presence of particles of undercolour in the measured samples of wall paintings, or diluting the pigment with lime water for the making of wall-painting featuring fresco technique. The use of the latter technique is also indicated by the presence of white lime colour. The traces of cohesive component in the form of fish glue and protein products from chicken eggs found in the red and green paint samples also suggests the use of the dry painting technique. Therefore, there are reasons to suppose that the painting of the quarter church of Eski-Kermen used two techniques, fresco and dry plaster paintings.

The article from the author's cycle “From the Index to Akhmatova's Notebooks” demonstrates the attempt of an extensive commentary on Akhmatova's working notes, organized around the characters present on the pages of her notebooks, a kind of free Akhmatova encyclopedia, where different periods of her long life are combined in the onomasticon. A comment of this kind snatches out representative fragments of Akhmatova's epoch, but the degree of presence of different persons in the list, or even their absence, does not always reflect their weight in Akhmatova's biography. The present article is devoted to two poets – Yuri Verkhovsky and Aleksandr Tiniakov (the latter was also a literary critic and published essays about Akhmatova’s poetry). Some publications and studies by late Nikolay A. Bogomolov were dedicated to these two poets. The present article is in memoriam N.A. Bogomolov.

Nature Communications 13, 5711 (2022). doi:10.1038/s41467-022-33266-0, Published by Nature Publishing Group UK, [London]

PURPOSE: Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH) is a lethal hemorrhagic stroke that account for 25% of cerebrovascular deaths. As a result of the initial bleed, a chain of physiological events are initiated which may lead to Delayed Cerebral Ischemia (DCI). As of now we have no diagnostic capability to identify patients which may present DCI a few weeks after initial presentation. We propose to investigate whether a data driven approach using angiographic parametric imaging (API) may predict occurrence of the DCI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Digital Subtraction Angiographic (DSA) sequences from 125 SAH patients were used retrospectively to perform API assessment of the entire brain hemisphere where the hemorrhage was detected. Four Regions of Interests (ROIs) were placed to extract five average API biomarkers in the lateral and AP DSAs. Data driven analysis using Logistic Regression was performed for various API parameters and ROIs to find the optimal configuration to maximize the prognosis accuracy. Each model performance was evaluated using area under the curve of the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC). RESULTS: Data driven approach with API has a 60% accuracy predicting DCI occurrence. We determined that location of the ROI for extraction of the API parameters is very important for the data driven model performance. Normalizing the values using the inlet velocities for each patient yield higher and more consistent results. Single API biomarkers models had poor prediction accuracies, barely better than chance. CONCLUSIONS: This effectiveness exploratory study demonstrates for the first time, that prognosis of the DCI in SAH patients, is feasible and warrants a more in-depth investigation.

The performance of the adsorptive heat-moisture regenerators based on the composite materials ‘silica gel - sodium acetate’ and ‘silica gel – sodium sulphate’ have been studied. The mathematical model and algorithm for determining the basic operating parameters of adsorptive regenerator in the housing and communal services sector have been further developed. The proposed algorithm which involves calculating the air volume passed through the adsorbent layer, the final absolute humidity of air near the outlet from the regenerator, the adsorption and the heat of adsorption during inflow and outflow, the final temperature of the external cold air, the air temperature after mixing the cold external air and the internal warm air in the room near the warm end of the regenerator during inflow, the air temperature after mixing of the cold external air and the warm exhaust air from the premise near the cold end of regenerator during outflow, determining the temperature and moisture efficiency factors has been completed by computing the Reynolds criterion of the adsorbent layer, the coefficient of the hydraulic resistance, the pressure loss, the consumed power of ventilator, summarized adsorption and time to achieve maximal adsorption . The adequacy of suggested mathematical model is confirmed by sufficient correlation of experimental data and calculation results with the proposed algorithm. The performance of adsorptive regenerators based on the adsorbents ‘silica gel – CH3COONa’ and ‘silica gel – Na2SO4’ has been simulated in the conditions of the conventional ventilation system of living quarters. The efficiency of adsorptive regenerators has been compared when ‘silica gel – CH3COONa’ and ‘silica gel – Na2SO4’ used. The correlation of design and efficiency of adsorptive regenerators is shown.

“To prove now, that the history of literature is not only the history of writers, but also the history of readers […] means to belabor the obvious,” stated Alexander Beletskii a century ago, but the task of the detailed detecting of the separate groups, or rather to use Boris Tomashevskii’s term, “schools” of readers, is still vital for the historians of modern Russian poetry. The following is the attempt to name the first “enrollees” of the school of reading Osip Mandelshtam’s poetry, two of them sharing his activities in the literary workshop “The Guild of the Poets” in St. Petersburg in the 1910s, and the third being the poet’s wife during 1919–1938.

Introduction: High-quality training of tractor drivers is possible only with the correct development of professional skills. The skills necessary for a tractor driver to reliably operate tractor equipment can be trained with simulators at the initial stage of training. The use of simulators makes it possible to automate the actions the tractor driver takes when driving the vehicle, and avoid the trainee’s exposure to risks. Material and Methods: The articlepresents the classification of simulators used for training tractor drivers, by their models and information the tractor driver acquires in the process of driving tractor equipment. The existing information models of simulators in a generalized form can be divided into two groups: the first, which involves only reproduction of visual information, without imitation of vestibular information, and the second, which combines both visual and vestibular information. The analysis of information models of existing simulators is carried out, their advantages and disadvantages are reflected. Results: For the presented classification of the information model of simulators, two systematizing features are proposed, namely, the viewing angle of the presented visual information and the presence of imitation of vestibular information. Results and Discussions: The research carried out can be useful for the further development of science in this area, as well as for the choice of simulators for the educationalprocess.

The article discusses an approach to the creation of a training simulator developed at Saratov State Agrarian University on the basis of modern technical and software solutions. The advantage of the proposed design of a training simulator for controlling motor and tractor equipment and agricultural units is the availability of a VR simulator for mastering the necessary skills when performing maintenance in a virtual space. The developedsimulator will make it possible to increase the efficiency of the training process for tractor drivers in vocational training centers and other educational institutions with the acquisition of skills in driving tractor equipment, incl.using agricultural hinged and trailed units.

The article discusses the relevance of training simulators for controlling tractor equipment and MTA. Using agricultural machinery as an example, the relevance of AR and VR development prospects is shown. The drawbacks of modern training simulators and the possibility of their elimination using VR and AR technologies have been identified. The main directions in augmented reality are considered.

In the study, the state of the vitreoretinal interface (VRI) was investigated in diabetic macular edema (DME) at primary diagnosis and during regular antiangiogenic ranibizumab therapy. At primary diagnosis, pathological VRI changes were detected in 49.3% of cases. During regular antiangiogenic therapy, the transformation of initially normal VRI into pathological one occurs in 6% of cases, the transformation of initially pathological VRI into normal or other pathological one in 15.8%. Initially pathological VRI is not an absolute indication for vitrectomy, since in no fewer than 7.9% of cases its transformation into normal VRI is possible.

Four new metal-organic frameworks were synthesized based on the N-donor ligand 1,5-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-3-selenapentane (L) novel in this field of chemistry: three one-dimensional metal-organic frameworks based on silver(I) cations, [Ag3(L)2(NO3)2]-NO3·MeOH (1), [Ag(L)]NO3 (2), and [Ag(L)(H2O)]NO3 (3), and one three-dimensional metal-organic framework [Zn3(bdc)3(L)]·0.5 MeOH (4, H2bdc is 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid). Compounds 1 and 4 contain trinuclear units. In compound 1, these units are linked via the ligand L to form polymer chains. In compound 4, the ligand L bridges polymer layers, which are composed of carboxylate units {Zn3(bdc)6}, to form a three-dimensional framework. Compounds 2 and 3 are composed of mononuclear units, which are connected via the ligand L to form polymer chains. Luminescence of compound 3 was found to be due to intraligand transitions.