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Contains fulltext : 234269.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Multidimensionele Familietherapie (MDFT) is een effectief systeemgericht behandelprogramma voor jongeren met uiteenlopende, meestal meervoudige problematiek. Dit artikel beschrijft de eerste praktijkervaringen van MDFT-therapeuten met het aanbieden van MDFT bij jongeren met een licht verstandelijke beperking (LVB). Ook is in kaart gebracht wat de voornaamste problemen en hulpvragen zijn van de jongeren en hun gezin. Uit dit onderzoek blijkt dat MDFT-therapeuten grotendeels positief zijn over de toepassing van MDFT bij jongeren met een LVB, onder andere vanwege de systemische benadering en nadruk op alliantievorming en psycho-educatie, mits de duur en het niveau worden aangepast en er nazorg kan worden geboden. 9 p.

P>The perception of microbes by plants involves highly conserved molecular signatures that are absent from the host and that are collectively referred to as microbe associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). The Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptors FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2) and EF Tu receptor (EFR) represent genetically well studied paradigms that mediate defense against bacterial pathogens. Stimulation of these receptors through their cognate ligands bacterial flagellin or bacterial elongation factor Tu leads to a defense response and ultimately to increased resistance. However little is known about the early signaling pathway of these receptors. Here we characterize this early response in situ using an electrophysiological approach. In line with a release of negatively charged molecules voltage recordings of microelectrode impaled mesophyll cells and root hairs of Col 0 Arabidopsis plants revealed rapid dose dependent membrane potential depolarizations in response to either flg22 or elf18. Using ion selective microelectrodes pronounced anion currents were recorded upon application of flg22 and elf18 indicating that the signaling cascades initiated by each of the two receptors converge on the same plasma membrane ion channels. Combined calcium imaging and electrophysiological measurements revealed that the depolarization was superimposed by an increase in cytosolic calcium that was indispensable for depolarization. NADPH oxidase mutants were still depolarized upon elicitor stimulation suggesting a reactive oxygen species independent membrane potential response. Furthermore electrical signaling in response to either flg22 or elf 18 critically depends on the activity of the FLS2 associated receptor like kinase BAK1 suggesting that activation of FLS2 and EFR lead to BAK1 dependent calcium associated plasma membrane anion channel opening as an initial step in the pathogen defense pathway.