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Exercise; Older adults; Sleep quality Ejercicio; Adultos mayores; Calidad de sueño Exercici; Adults grans; Qualitat del son Background: Given the beneficial effects of exercise in different populations and the close relationship between healthy ageing and sleep quality, our objective was to determine if physical exercise delivered through a structured program improves sleep quality in older adults. Methods: Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL) were searched to 15 January 2023. Studies that applied physical exercise programs in older adults were reviewed. Two independent reviewers analysed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: Of the 2599 reports returned by the initial search, 13 articles reporting on 2612 patients were included in the data synthesis. The articles used interventions based on yoga (n = 5), multicomponent exercise (n = 3), walking (n = 2), cycling (n = 1), pilates (n = 1), elastic bands (n = 1), and healthy beat acupunch (n = 1). In the intervention group, we found significant improvement in Pittsburgh sleep quality index of −2.49 points (95% CI −3.84 to −1.14) in comparison to the control group (p = 0.0003) and sleep efficiency measured with objective instruments (MD 1.18%, 95% CI 0.86 to 1.50%, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: Our results found that physical exercise programs in older adults improve sleep quality and efficiency measured with objective instruments.

Este artículo presenta un análisis de perspectivas juveniles sobre los elementos normativos y de derechos a incorporar durante la discusión del proceso constituyente, así como su contraste con los contenidos finalmente incluidos en la propuesta de nueva Constitución del año 2022. En base a una encuesta no probabilística aplicada a participantes jóvenes entre 14 y 25 años de todas las regiones del país (n=2285), se presentan las perspectivas juveniles en tres dimensiones: Sujetos, culturas e identidades; Derechos fundamentales, ciudadanos y sociales; y Rol de la Constitución y fines del Estado. Los resultados muestran, por una parte, que la visión juvenil se orienta al reconocimiento de derechos sociales y de sujetos diversos (pueblos originarios, migrantes, entre otros), a una mayor participación del Estado, al desarrollo de un rol relevante de la ciudadanía en la toma de decisiones del sistema político. Por otra, al contrastar esta visión con el borrador de nueva Constitución, se observa que la propuesta constitucional del año 2022 recoge en gran medida estos derechos y esta visión de sociedad latente en el actor juvenil.

Computer-Aided Detection software relies on annotated data set of X-rays to be developed. The annotation task is time-consuming and requires extensive know-how. This work presents a sampling method to select the most relevant images, which will be annotated for the development of a tuberculosis (TB) screening platform based on machine learning algorithms. The sampling task optimizes the annotation process by reducing the number of images to be analyzed without compromising the diversity and the significance power of the images in the dataset. We developed an algorithm to select images in a dataset to be annotated, based on similarity and dissimilarity measurements of images. Public TB image dataset was utilized to conduct this research. The experiment consisted of a deep learning feature engineering step, followed by topological analysis based on Self-Organizing Map and K-Means. The effectiveness of the process is evaluated at each of its stages: Classification, clustering and the final sampling algorithm which is based on similarity and dissimilarity features.

La crisis de representatividad política en Chile ha llevado a que la participación de jóvenes disminuya en elecciones y aumente en movimientos sociales. Estos cambios podrían afectar la forma en que perciben su capacidad para ejercer cambios mediante la política. El presente estudio transversal analiza, mediante escalas de autoreporte, las diferencias por género en la relación entre el sentido de eficacia política interna y la importancia otorgada a la participación política convencional y no convencional en una muestra de adolescentes chilenos (N = 949). Los resultados muestran que la importancia otorgada a la política convencional se asocia al sentido de eficacia política interna en hombres y mujeres, mientras que la importancia otorgada a la política no convencional solamente en mujeres. Los resultados se discuten en relación con la importancia de distintas formas de participación política en la formación de jóvenes ciudadanos políticos, en el contexto de las movilizaciones feministas.

The objective of this study was to compare the balance and functional capacity between stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patientsversushealthy controls using clinical tests. A comprehensive search of PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Embase and Web of Science was conducted from inception to 21 January 2022. Studies reporting the association between COPD status and balance or functional capacity using clinical tests were included. Two independent reviewers examined the titles and abstracts, extracted the data using a standardised form, and assessed the risk of bias of the included articles. A total of 27 studies with 2420 individuals with stable COPD were included. Overall, the risk of bias in the included studies was low to moderate. The meta-analysis showed a higher history of falls in individuals with COPD (odds ratio 1.59, 95% CI 1.25–2.02). Furthermore, an overall effect in favour of the healthy controls was observed in the Timed Up and Go (mean difference: 2.61 s, 95% CI 1.79–3.43), Berg Balance Scale (mean difference: −6.57 points, 95% CI −8.31 to −4.83), static balance tests (standardised mean difference: −1.36, 95% CI −2.10 to −0.62) and the 6-min walk test (mean difference: −148.21 m, 95% CI −219.37 to −77.39). In conclusion, individuals with stable COPD have worse balance and functional capacity compared to healthy controls. These results may guide clinicians to elaborate on therapeutic strategies focused on screening of balance and functional impairments. This is in addition to generating rehabilitation guidelines aimed at reducing the risk of falling in people with COPD.

Este artículo propone una reflexión contemporánea en torno a la necesidad de construir monumentos a partir de la revisión e interpretación de un objeto enmarcado en la polémica de la integración plástica. Al mismo tiempo, propone una mirada hacia los proyectos de expansión realizados durante la mitad del siglo XX en el parque urbano más importante de la Ciudad de México, tema de relevancia en el contexto de la ejecución del proyecto “Chapultepec: Naturaleza y cultura”.

Este estudio tiene por objetivo describir los efectos de un programa de telerrehabilitación en la funcionalidad y satisfacción usuaria de sobrevivientes de COVID-19 en un hospital público. Se trata de un estudio observacional, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Fueron compilados los antecedentes de veinte personas adultas usuarios de un hospital público de recursos limitados que habían ingresado a un programa de telerrehabilitación liderado por fisioterapeutas entre los meses de junio y octubre de 2020. Se compilaron las variables funcionales de capacidad funcional y fuerza de extremidades inferiores con la prueba Sit-to-Stand, el estado funcional evaluado con el Functional Status Scale, la fatiga evaluada con el Fatigue assessment scale y la independencia en actividades de la vida diaria (AVDs) evaluada con el Índice de Barthel. También fueron compilados las encuestas de satisfacción usuarias que contestaban los pacientes luego de finalizada la intervención. Posterior a la telerrehabilitación los pacientes mejoraron la capacidad funcional y fuerza de extremidades inferiores, el estado funcional, AVDs (p

The free-market educational model implemented in Chile after Pinochet involved steady privatization and the resulting inequality and discrimination in access to university education. This educational neoliberalism was hotly contested by massive student demonstrations. In Bachelet’s second government (2014–2018), the political impact and ramifications of the 2011 student movement initiated a series of educational and political changes, among them free university education, tax reform focused on improvements in income distribution, and the end of the binominal system of congressional elections. At the same time, many of the principles of market education continued. Since the effects of free-market education became a social and political problem, the students’ demands went beyond the limits of the educational sector itself to become a central part of debate on the structural inequalities produced by the post-Pinochet neoliberal model, a conflict that exploded in Chile in October 2019. El modelo educativo de libre mercado implementado en Chile después de Pinochet implicó una constante privatización y la consiguiente desigualdad y discriminación en el acceso a la educación universitaria. Este neoliberalismo educativo fue fuertemente contestado por masivas manifestaciones estudiantiles. En el segundo gobierno de Bachelet (2014–2018), el impacto político y las ramificaciones del movimiento estudiantil de 2011 dieron pie a una serie de cambios educativos y políticos, entre ellos la educación universitaria gratuita, una reforma tributaria enfocada en mejorar la distribución del ingreso y el fin del sistema binominal de elecciones parlamentarias. Al mismo tiempo, se mantuvieron muchos de los principios de la educación de mercado. Desde que los efectos de la educación de libre mercado se convirtieron en un problema social y político, las demandas de los estudiantes han rebasado los límites del propio sector educativo para convertirse en una parte central del debate sobre las desigualdades estructurales producidas por el modelo neoliberal post-Pinochet, un conflicto que estalló en Chile en octubre de 2019.

BackgroundStudies exploring long COVID condition (LCC) in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. Further characterization of LCC patients experiencing activity limitations and their associated healthcare use is needed. This study aimed to describe LCC patients’ characteristics, its impact on activities, and associated healthcare use in Latin America (LATAM).ParticipantsIndividuals who (cared for someone or) had COVID-19 and could read, write, and comprehend Spanish and lived in a LATAM country were invited to complete a virtual survey. Sociodemographic characteristics, COVID-19 and LCC symptoms, activity limitations, and healthcare use.ResultsData from 2,466 people from 16 countries in LATAM were analyzed (females = 65.9%; mean age of 39.5 ± 53.3 years). 1,178 (48%) of the respondents had LCC symptoms (≥3 months). These were more likely to have COVID-19 earlier in the pandemic, were older, had no COVID vaccines, had more comorbidities, needed supplementary oxygen, and reported significantly more COVID-19 symptoms during the infectious period. 33% of the respondents visited a primary care provider, 13% went to the emergency department, 5% were hospitalized, 21% visited a specialist, and 32% consulted ≥1 therapist for LCC symptoms mainly extreme fatigue, sleep difficulties, headaches, muscle or joint pain, and shortness of breath with activity. The most consulted therapists were respiratory therapists (15%) and psychologists (14%), followed by physical therapists (13%), occupational therapists (3%), and speech pathologists (1%). One-third of LCC respondents decreased their regular activities (e.g., work, school) and 8% needed help with activities of daily living (ADLs). LCC respondents who reduced their activities reported more difficulty sleeping, chest pain with activity, depression, and problems with concentration, thinking, and memory, while those who needed help with ADLs were more likely to have difficulty walking, and shortness of breath at rest. Approximately 60% of respondents who experienced activity limitations sought a specialist and 50% consulted therapists.Conclusions and relevanceResults supported previous findings in terms of the LCC demographics, and provided insight into LCC impact on patients’ activities and healthcare services used in LATAM. This information is valuable to inform service planning and resource allocation in alignment with the needs of this population.

Introducción: el Síndrome de Apnea Hipoapnea Obstructiva del sueño (SAHOS) se caracteriza por el cese intermitente del flujo aéreo durante el sueño, y a largo plazo se asocia a hipertensión arterial. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos del uso de la terapia con presión positiva continua (CPAP), sobre la presión arterial (PA), la frecuencia cardiaca (FC) y saturación de oxígeno (SatO2) diurnas en personas con SAHOS. Métodos: se estudiaron 449 adultos con diagnóstico de SAHOS entre el 1/02/2015 al 31/11/2018 en los que se evaluó el efecto del CPAP, sobre PA, FC y SatO2, medio va sexto mediante el registro documental mensual diurno de estos parámetros. Se compararon los valores promedios al inicio, primer mes y sexto mes de tratamiento según subgrupos basados en adecuada adherencia y baja adherencia al tratamiento. Resultados: el grupo de adecuada adherencia mostró una disminución significativa en la PA sistólica a 6 meses de tratamiento de 5,4 mmHg (IC95%: -2,9-7,88; p=0,00002) y en la PA diastólica de 2,77 mmHg (IC95%: -1,19-4,34; p=0,00005); en el grupo de baja adherencia se mostró una disminución no estadísticamente significativa de la PA, a 6 meses la PA sistólica disminuyó 13,12 mmHg (IC95%: -1,44-27,68; p=0,07) y PA diastólica disminuyó en 2,55 mmHg (IC95%: -7,72-12,82; p=0,61). Las variables secundarias de FC y SatO2 diurnas no tuvieron cambios significativos al mes ni a los 6 meses de tratamiento. Conclusión: el tratamiento de CPAP por más de 4 semanas, con una adecuada adherencia al tratamiento (promedio mínimo de 4 horas por día en más del 80% de los días de terapia), reduce la PA de forma estadísticamente significativa en personas con SAHOS.

Introdução: A prevalência da DPOC no Brasil é estimada em 15,8%, segundo o estudo Platino 1. A maioria (87,5%) de seus pacientes permanecem sem diagnóstico 2. A realização da espirometria é uma estratégia recomendada pelo documento GOLD para confirmar o diagnóstico na DPOC3. A Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil, desde o ano de 2012, realiza gratuitamente, em parceria com secretarias municipais, estaduais e instituições de saúde, exames de espirometria de acordo com a solicitação e autorização dos serviços, associado a programas de capacitação de agentes e profissionais de saúde4-9. Dados epidemiológicos apontam que os pacientes com DPOC com tratamento iniciado nas fases leves e moderadas da doença apresentam expectativa de vida de 14 anos, enquanto pacientes inicialmente tratados com diagnóstico nos graus grave e muito grave têm expectativa de vida de 10 anos 10. O tratamento da DPOC, seja através de monoterapia com LAMA, LABA, broncodilatação dupla (LAMA/LABA) ou na terapia tripla com a adição de CI leva a um menor número de exacerbações e, consequentemente, menos internações hospitalares11-13. O custo por internação no Brasil é estimado em, pelo menos, R$ 1.552,00 reais. Objetivo: A realização mais precoce de exames de espirometria oferecidos pela parceria público-privada com a Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil visa ao diagnóstico e tratamento mais precoce da DPOC, com potencial diminuição da taxa de exacerbações graves e, consequentemente, de internações hospitalares. Métodos: Para esta análise, foram consideradas o número de espirometrias realizadas pela parceria da Boehringer Ingelheim de 2016 a 2018 em relação aos dados epidemiológicos brasileiros descritos no estudo Platino. Resultados: No período entre 01 de janeiro de 2017 e 31 de dezembro de 2018 foram realizadas 198.370 espirometrias (47.553 em 2016, 67.201 em 2017 e 83.616 em 2018), conforme dados demonstrados na figura 1. Figura 1. Número de espirometrias realizadas pela Boehringer Ingelheim do Brasil em parceria com instituições de saúde nos anos de 2016 a 2018. Dada a prevalência aproximada de 15,8% da DPOC em adultos acima de 40 anos no Brasil, o programa de espirometrias poderia ter identificado cerca de 31.342 casos de DPOC1,2,15. Destes, potencialmente 27.424 casos poderiam ser de novos diagnósticos (87,5% destes casos), de acordo com os dados de prevalência do estudo Platino3. O programa pode ter ajudado para diagnóstico mais precoce e possível instalação mais rápida de tratamento, trazendo benefícios clínicos e econômicos. Conclusões: Com o aumento do número de espirometrias promovido pela parceria público-privada, houve um potencial benefício no diagnóstico precoce de pacientes portadores de DPOC entre os anos de 2016 a 2018 com provável impacto positivo no tratamento precoce dos pacientes, o que pode ter gerado menor número de exacerbações e internações hospitalares.

Introdução: No Brasil estima-se que existam 23 mil pessoas com diagnóstico de Esclerose Sistêmica (ES)1. Cerca de 50-60% dos pacientes evolui com acometimento pulmonar e, destes, aproximadamente um terço desenvolve quadro de Fibrose Pulmonar Progressiva (FPP)2,3. É sabido que o comprometimento pulmonar gera grandes impactos na qualidade de vida de pacientes e seus cuidadores, afasta de suas atividades usuais, bem como acarreta mortalidade precoce2,3. Nesse sentido, o diagnóstico e tratamento precoce têm a possibilidade de retardar a progressão da doença e melhorar os desfechos. Importante ressaltar que mesmo em países como a Inglaterra, o tempo entre o diagnóstico e início do tratamento pode ser de até 5 anos3. Objetivos: O objetivo desse trabalho foi entender a jornada do paciente com Doença Pulmonar Intersticial (DPI) relacionada à ES, suas dificuldades, conhecimento sobre a doença e rede de apoio dentro da realidade brasileira. Método: Foi realizado levantamento através de um questionário quantitativo, individual por contato telefônico em todo país de 05 de abril a 14 de maio de 2021. A pesquisa foi conduzida pelo Instituto Data Folha, com 90 pessoas com diagnóstico de DPI. Devido à ES ser uma doença rara, as abordagens às pessoas com esse diagnóstico foram agendadas por uma equipe específica. Realizou-se checagem das entrevistas gravadas e os questionários foram submetidos a análise de consistência dos dados. Resultados: Os dados do presente estudo demonstraram que 78% dos pacientes com DPI associado a ES são do sexo feminino e que 77% desses não são economicamente ativos4 e 42% têm histórico de tabagismo passivo. Chama atenção que 1 a cada 3 pacientes passaram por cerca de 5 médicos até terem o diagnóstico e que 57% usam o Sistema Único de Saúde4. A média de início dos sintomas e o diagnóstico foi de 3 anos, para um quadro que sem tratamento a expectativa de vida pode variar entre 2-5 anos2. Dos entrevistados 69% relataram viver com limitações para atividades físicas e 33% para as atividades domésticas4.Do total de 90 pacientes, 36 relatam que tem dificuldades de acesso a medicamentos prescritos e quase 10% do total não conseguem acesso ao tratamento com menos de 1 ano4. Do total de entrevistados, 51% já são usuários de oxigênio domiciliar, sendo que 62% do grupo refere que seus sintomas progrediram com piora nos últimos dois anos e é esse o mesmo percentual de pacientes que traz como principal desafio o tempo mais longo da sua jornada ser a espera entre a suspeita diagnóstica e o início do tratamento4. Conclusão: O diagnóstico e início de tratamento precoce para pacientes com FPP associado a ES é uma oportunidade para melhora da qualidade de vida, da sobrevida e da preservação da autonomia. Atuar nessa cadeia facilitando o acesso aos recursos de saúde pode ser um modo de melhorarmos o desfecho clínico e uma política de saúde púbica visando resultados a longo prazo. Conhecer a jornada desses doentes no Brasil se faz necessário.

Liver transplantation is the only curative option for patients with end-stage liver disease. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, nonanastomotic strictures (characterized by the progressive loss of biliary tract architecture) continue to occur after liver transplantation, negatively affecting liver function and frequently leading to graft loss and retransplantation. To study the biological effects of organ preservation before liver transplantation, we generated murine models that recapitulate liver procurement and static cold storage. In these models, we explored the response of cholangiocytes and hepatocytes to cold storage, focusing on responses that affect liver regeneration, including DNA damage, apoptosis, and cellular senescence. We show that biliary senescence was induced during organ retrieval and exacerbated during static cold storage, resulting in impaired biliary regeneration. We identified decoy receptor 2 (DCR2)–dependent responses in cholangiocytes and hepatocytes, which differentially affected the outcome of those populations during cold storage. Moreover, CRISPR-mediated DCR2 knockdown in vitro increased cholangiocyte proliferation and decreased cellular senescence but had the opposite effect in hepatocytes. Using the p21KO model to inhibit senescence onset, we showed that biliary tract architecture was better preserved during cold storage. Similar results were achieved by administering senolytic ABT737 to mice before procurement. Last, we perfused senolytics into discarded human donor livers and showed that biliary architecture and regenerative capacities were better preserved. Our results indicate that cholangiocytes are susceptible to senescence and identify the use of senolytics and the combination of senotherapies and machine-perfusion preservation to prevent this phenotype and reduce the incidence of biliary injury after transplantation., This work was supported by the UK Medical Research MRC (MR/K017047/1) (to S.J.F.), the Computational and Chemical Biology of Stem Cell Niche (MR/L012766/1) (to S.J.F.), the UK Regenerative Medicine Platform (MR/K026666/1) (to S.J.F.), and the Wellcome Trust Institutional Translational Partnership Award (WT iTPA) (to S.F.-G.). J.M.B. was supported by the Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII) (PI15/01132, PI18/01075, and Miguel Servet Program CON14/00129 and CPII19/00008) cofinanced by “Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional” (FEDER); “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” (CIBERehd), Spain; “Euskadi RIS3” (2019222054 and 2020333010); and the Department of Industry of the Basque Country (Elkartek: KK-2020/00008). This research was funded in whole or in part by The Wellcome Trust (grant number 209710/Z/17/Z), a cOAlition S organization.

We present efficient algorithms to compute two spatial queries over points stored in compact data structures. The former is the K-Nearest Neighbors Query (KNN) which given a point q gets the K-nearest points to q. The latter query is the K-Closest Pair Query (KCPQ), which obtains the K-pairs of closest neighbors between two set of points R and S on the same spatial plane. There are several efficient implementations of these queries, which work mainly with data stored in secondary memory. However, these implementations do not scale well over large datasets. Our algorithms compute the queries over large datasets of points stored in compact data structures, in main memory. Compact data structures are structures that allow efficiently storage data in main memory and query them in their compressed form. We use the k 2 -tree compact structure to represent points of interest. Through experimentation over synthetic and real datasets, we show that by using the k 2 -tree we can work with large datasets in main memory, and that the KNN and KCPQ spatial data queries can be efficiently computed over the compact data structures. We also implement a JAVA library that is available for the academic and industrial community.

In 2014, Jeandel proved that two dynamical properties regarding Turing machines can be computable with any desired error ϵ > 0 , the Turing machine Maximum Speed and Topological Entropy. Both problems were proved in parallel, using equivalent properties. Those results were unexpected, as most (if not all) dynamical properties are undecidable. Nevertheless, Topological Entropy positiveness for reversible and complete Turing machines was shortly proved to be undecidable, with a reduction of the halting problem with empty counters in 2-reversible Counter machines. Unfortunately, the same proof could not be used to prove undecidability of Speed Positiveness. In this research, we prove the undecidability of Homogeneous Tape Reachability Problem for aperiodic and reversible Turing machines, in order to use it to prove the undecidability of the Speed Positiveness Problem for complete and reversible Turing machines.

IntroductionOne of the most conflicting methodological issues when conducting an overview is the overlap of primary studies included across systematic reviews (SRs). Overlap in the pooled effect estimates across SRs may lead to overly precise effect estimates in the overview. SRs that focus on exercise-related interventions are often included in overviews aimed at grouping and determining the effectiveness of various interventions for the management of specific health conditions.ObjectiveThe aim of this systematic methodological review is to describe the strategies used by authors of overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions to manage the overlap of primary studies.Materials and methodsA comprehensive search strategy has been developed for different databases and their platforms. The databases to be consulted will be MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Cochrane Library), and Epistemonikos. Two reviewers will independently screen the records identified through the search strategy and will extract the information from the included overviews. The frequency and the type of overlap management strategies of the primary studies included in the SRs will be considered as the main outcome. In addition, the recognition of the lack of use of any overlap management strategy and the congruence between planning and conducting the overview focusing on overlap management strategies will be assessed. A sub-group analysis will be carried out using the impact factor of the journals at the time of publication of the overviews as the variable.DiscussionThis methodological review will provide a complete and comprehensive summary of the frequency of use and types of strategies used for managing the overlap of primary studies across the SRs included in the overviews focusing on exercise-related interventions in different health conditions. Future studies should apply different overlap management strategies to understand their impact on results and conclusions.Systematic review registrationINPLASY202250161.

Many people recovering from an acute episode of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) experience prolonged symptoms. Exercise testing is a feasible and cost-effective option for assessing exercise tolerance, fatigue, and dyspnea related to effort. Being that the Chester step test (CST) is a progressive, submaximal test for predicting aerobic capacity, it could be a good option to explore. This study aimed to determine the reproducibility of CST for assessing exertional desaturation and exercise capacity in patients post-COVID-19 disease. A cross-sectional study was conducted on post-COVID-19 patients. Two attempts of the CST were performed. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to assess agreement between the two tests. Forty-two symptomatic post-COVID-19 patients were included, the mean age was 53.8 ± 10.3 years, and 52% were female. There was no significant difference between both tests (p = 0.896). Twenty-four percent of participants (10 cases) had a clinically significant decrease in SpO2 at the first assessment, compared to 30.1% (13 cases) at the second, with no significant difference. An ICC of 0.993 (95% CI: 0.987 to 0.996) was obtained for the total number of steps in the CST.

El presente artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cualitativa sobre los mundos musicales migrantes en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. A partir de un recorrido por las entrevistas a músicos/as buscamos dilucidar cómo los/as actores, sujetos/as de la migración, interpretan los tránsitos de las prácticas musicales de un país a otro y qué valoraciones sustentan sentimientos como la pérdida, la banalización o la frivolización de las formas artísticas una vez que son apropiadas en la sociedad de acogida. Nuestra hipótesis sostiene que estas percepciones se relacionan con una cierta idea de autenticidad que opera como atributo principal al momento de otorgar un valor a las prácticas artísticas y culturales. Examinaremos cómo esta noción se declina a partir de distintos ejes en relación con pertenencias como el territorio, la etnia, el linaje o el grado de adhesión colectiva que suscitan en los distintos contextos, fundamentadas en una idea del origen como sustrato de las identidades culturales.

We present efficient algorithms to compute simple and complex map algebra operations over raster data stored in main memory, using the k2-acc compact data structure. Raster data correspond to numerical data that represent attributes of spatial objects, such as temperature or elevation measures. Compact data structures allow efficient data storage in main memory and query them in their compressed form. A k2-acc is a set of k2-trees, one for every distinct numeric value in the raster matrix. We demonstrate that map algebra operations can be computed efficiently using this compact data structure. In fact, some map algebra operations perform over five orders of magnitude faster compared with algorithms working over uncompressed datasets.

OBJECTIVES: Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a severe condition characterized by a marked inflammatory response and high short-term mortality. Endothelial dysfunction (ED) is an early event in vascular and inflammatory disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate ED in AH patients. METHODS: Prognostic value of ED biomarkers was evaluated in patients with severe AH (n = 67), compensated alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 15), heavy drinkers without liver disease (n = 15) and controls (n = 9), and in a validation cohort of 50 patients with AH. Gene expression of ED markers was analyzed in liver tissue. RESULTS: Plasma levels of ED markers such as vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), E-selectin and von Willebrand factor (vWF) increased along alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) progression. Intergroup analysis showed a significant increase of these markers in AH patients. In addition, VCAM-1 showed a positive correlation with Maddrey, MELD and ABIC scores and inflammation parameters (i.e. C-reactive protein and LPS levels). Importantly, levels of VCAM-1 were higher in patients with increased mortality and were independently associated with short-term survival (90-day) when adjusted by ABIC score. These results were confirmed in an independent cohort of AH patients. In addition, severe AH patients showed altered hepatic expression of ED markers. CONCLUSIONS: In this study we show that advanced ALD and particularly severe AH is associated with an increase of ED biomarkers, which correlate with patient outcomes. These results suggest that ED may be a pathogenic event in AH and highlight endothelial factors as potential biomarkers in AH.

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) constitutes a public health problem, with various systemic consequences that can increase cardiovascular morbidity and mortality as well as increase healthcare expenditure. This review discusses the rationale and effects of using general physical exercise, oropharyngeal exercises, and respiratory muscle training as an adjunctive treatment for patients with sleep apnoea. The recommended treatment for OSA is the use of continuous positive airway pressure, which is a therapy that prevents apnoea events by keeping the airways open. In the last decade, coadjuvant treatments that aim to support weight loss (including diet and physical exercise) and oropharyngeal exercises have been proposed to lower the apnoea/hypopnoea index among patients with OSA. Based on the available evidence, health professionals could decide to incorporate these therapeutic strategies to manage patients with sleep apnoea.

Exercise capacity has been established as a protective factor against joint impairment in people with haemophilia (PWH). However, little is known about how exercise capacity is affected in PWH.To analyse exercise capacity, as assessed by standardised laboratory or field tests in PWH.A systematic review was conducted to identify manuscripts investigating physical capacity in PWH. An electronic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL and CINAHL was conducted from inception to 13 April, 2022. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and assessed study quality using the critical appraisal tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute.Nineteen studies with 825 patients were included. Most studies used the six-min walk test (6MWT) or peak/maximal oxygen consumption (VOMost of the studies showed that PWH have lower exercise capacity compared to reference values of 6MWT or VO

The coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has been one of the most significant challenges to public health in recent decades. The heterogeneity of government responses and the varying preparedness of health systems has determined that the pandemic's impact differs from country to country. Chile is no stranger to the challenges posed by rehabilitation in a developing country. We aimed to describe the approach to rehabilitation during the pandemic in Chile in the public health system since rehabilitation is considered a relevant health strategy from the prevention to management of complications, mitigation of sequelae, or new complications associated with COVID-19. For this, a descriptive study was conducted on the rehabilitation strategies implemented by Chile to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis includes the context of the Chilean health system and the matrix of access to rehabilitation services in COVID-19. The Health Ministry (MINSAL) rehabilitation strategy includes five central axes: approaches, specific lines, transversal lines, intervention, and funding. Additionally, the policies were based and supported by the WHO recommendations. Intensive care unit beds were increased approximately 68%, and the primary care response was the reconversion of function depending on the epidemiological context. During the 2021–2022 period, the estimated number of people diagnosed with a post-COVID-19 condition was 80,528. With this, we can conclude that a developing country has managed to coordinate a rehabilitation policy for people with COVID-19 by generating a structure of the different health system levels. However, the effectiveness of this policy will need to be evaluated in the future.

We investigated the combined effects of Ocean Warming (OW), Acidification (OA) and predator cues (Non-Consumptive Effects; NCEs) of two predators with contrasting feeding-digestion strategies on the mussel Perumytilus purpuratus. We considered starfish-NCEs (partially external digestion) and snail-NCEs (internal digestion). Mussels were exposed for 13 weeks to cross-factored OA (~500 and ~1400 μatm, pCO2) and OW (~15 and ~20 °C) conditions, in the presence/absence of NCEs from one or both predators. Mussels exposed to both NCEs exhibited smaller length and buoyant weight growth than those under control or snail-NCEs conditions. Mussels exposed to starfish-NCEs exhibited smaller wet mass than control mussels. OW and starfish-NCEs in isolation or combined with snail-NCEs increased mussel oxygen consumption. Byssal biogenesis was affected by the three-factors interaction. Clearance rates were affected by the OW × OA interaction. We suggest that mainly starfish-NCEs, in isolation or interacting with OA or/and OW, can threat mussel traits and the associated community.

The biogeochemical dynamics of fjords in the southeastern Pacific Ocean are strongly influenced by hydrological and oceanographic processes occurring at a seasonal scale. In this study, we describe the role of hydrographic forcing on the seasonal variability of the carbonate system of the Sub-Antarctic glacial fjord, Seno Ballena, in the Strait of Magellan (53°S). Biogeochemical variables were measured in 2018 during three seasonal hydrographic cruises (fall, winter and spring) and from a high-frequency pCO2-pH mooring for 10 months at 10 ± 1 m depth in the fjord. The hydrographic data showed that freshwater input from the glacier influenced the adjacent surface layer of the fjord and forced the development of undersaturated CO2 (< 400 μatm) and low aragonite saturation state (ΩAr < 1) water. During spring, the surface water had relatively low pCO2 (mean = 365, range: 167 - 471 μatm), high pH (mean = 8.1 on the total proton concentration scale, range: 8.0 - 8.3), and high ΩAr (mean = 1.6, range: 1.3 - 4.0). Concurrent measurements of phytoplankton biomass and nutrient conditions during spring indicated that the periods of lower pCO2 values corresponded to higher phytoplankton photosynthesis rates, resulting from autochthonous nutrient input and vertical mixing. In contrast, higher values of pCO2 (range: 365 – 433 μatm) and relatively lower values of pHT (range: 8.0 – 8.1) and ΩAr (range: 0.9 – 2.0) were recorded in cold surface waters during winter and fall. The naturally low freshwater carbonate ion concentrations diluted the carbonate ion concentrations in seawater and decreased the calcium carbonate saturation of the fjord. In spring, at 10 m depth, higher primary productivity caused a relative increase in ΩAr and pHT. Assuming global climate change will bring further glacier retreat and ocean acidification, this study represents important advances in our understanding of glacier meltwater processes on CO2 dynamics in glacier–fjord systems.

A preoperative respiratory therapy treatment was performed to analyze the effectiveness, with respect to postoperative air leak and pain, in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer.To analyze air leakage and postoperative pain.Seventy one patients were studied, with a mean age of 62.58 years. Descriptive variables of gender, carcinogenic pathology, type of surgical incision and lung resection, use of glue and endostapler, and presence of adhesions were analyzed. Likewise, analysis of the quantitative variables of age, body mass index and forced expiratory volume in 1 s Two homogeneous groups resulted. Differentiated, experimental group (EG) that performed preoperative respiratory therapy and control group (CG).There were statistically significant differences in favor of the EG with respect to postoperative air leak on days 1-2 during the performance of physiotherapy techniques, the food and during the performance of the exercises autonomously. Furthermore, differences in air leakage were observed on days 2-4 during gait. The number of patients decreased to a greater extent in the EG. Regarding pain, there were statistically significant differences in the sample on days 1-4, with greater intensity of pain in the CG and after doing physiotherapy every day except the second.Preoperative respiratory therapy in patients undergoing surgery for lung cancer was effective in reducing the number of patients who presented postoperative air leak and reducing pain in the EG.

Introducción: El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es el segundo tipo más frecuente de cáncer en el mundo. La cirugía es la intervención terapéutica más común y se asocia con la reducción de 20-40% en la capacidad fisiológica y funcional. Un programa de prehabilitación podría mejorar la condición funcional basal de los pacientes previo a la cirugía. Objetivo: Describir los resultados funcionales de un programa de prehabilitación multimodal en personas adultas candidatos a cirugía electiva de CCR. Materiales y método: Estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. Se registraron los antecedentes sociodemográficos, clínicos y las variables funcionales como capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, fuerza de presión manual, fatiga, independencia en actividades de la vida diaria (AVDs) y equilibrio dinámico de 50 personas que ingresaron a un programa de prehabilitación multimodal entre mayo 2019 y febrero de 2020. Los datos fueron analizados con estadística descriptiva y pruebas de diferencia entre tiempo de evaluación, previo y posterior a la prehabilitación. Resultados: Posterior al programa de prehabilitación, los pacientes mejoraron la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria, fatiga, equilibrio dinámico y fuerza prensil (p0,05; tamaño de efecto: 0,01). Conclusión: Un programa estructurado de prehabilitación para pacientes candidatos a cirugía electiva de CCR basado en ejercicios y educación, logro cambios significativos en los resultados funcionales en un período de 3 a 4 semanas previo a la cirugía

regular physical exercise is essential to maintain or improve functional capacity in older adults. Multimorbidity, functional limitation, social barriers and currently, coronavirus disease of 2019, among others, have increased the need for home-based exercise (HBE) programmes and digital health interventions (DHI). Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of HBE programs delivered by DHI on physical function, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) improvement and falls reduction in older adults.systematic review and meta-analysis.community-dwelling older adults over 65 years.exercises at home through DHI.physical function, HRQoL and falls.twenty-six studies have met the inclusion criteria, including 5,133 participants (range age 69.5 ± 4.0-83.0 ± 6.7). The HBE programmes delivered with DHI improve muscular strength (five times sit-to-stand test, -0.56 s, 95% confidence interval, CI -1.00 to -0.11; P = 0.01), functional capacity (Barthel index, 5.01 points, 95% CI 0.24-9.79; P = 0.04) and HRQoL (SMD 0.18; 95% CI 0.05-0.30; P = 0.004); and reduce events of falls (odds ratio, OR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.93; P = 0.008). In addition, in the subgroup analysis, older adults with diseases improve mobility (SMD -0.23; 95% CI -0.45 to -0.01; P = 0.04), and balance (SMD 0.28; 95% CI 0.09-0.48; P = 0.004).the HBE programmes carried out by DHI improve physical function in terms of lower extremity strength and functional capacity. It also significantly reduces the number of falls and improves the HRQoL. In addition, in analysis of only older adults with diseases, it also improves the balance and mobility.

BACKGROUND In children and adolescents with asthma, the disease may reduce the perceived capability to participate in physical activity (PA) contributing to an increase in the sedentary lifestyle. The literature is unclear as to whether children and adolescents with asthma differ their PA levels from their healthy peers. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to describe the different methods and instruments used to measure PA and to compare the PA levels of children and adolescents with asthma with those of their healthy peers. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a systematic review of five databases. We included studies that compared the PA measured by objective and subjective instruments in children and adolescents with asthma versus controls. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. RESULTS Of the 5966 reports returned by the initial search, 28 articles reporting on 3184 patients were included in the data synthesis. A forest plot showed that both groups had similar values of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA; mean difference, -0.05 h/day; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.11-0.01; p = .13), sedentary time (mean difference 0.00 h/day; 95% CI, -0.22-0.23 h/day; p = .99) and steps/day (mean difference 354 steps/day; 95% CI, -563-1270 steps/day; p = .45). CONCLUSION Children and adolescents with asthma have similar MVPA, steps/day, and sedentary time compared to the controls. The main instruments used were questionnaires and accelerometers.

Background: The literature is unclear as to whether children and adolescents with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) differ from their healthy peers in physical activity (PA). Objective: To determine the PA levels measured through accelerometers in children and adolescents with CRDs. Methods: The authors conducted a systematic review using five databases. The authors included studies that assessed the PA measured by accelerometers in children and adolescents with CRDs. Two independent reviewers analyzed the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of evidence. Results: From 11,497 reports returned by the initial search, 29 articles reporting on 4381 patients were included. In the sensitivity analysis, the authors found that children and adolescents with CRDs had a moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) of −0.08 hours per day (95% confidence interval [CI], −0.12 to −0.03 h/d; P = .001), which was lower than the healthy controls; the values for sedentary time (mean difference −0.47 h/d; 95% CI, −1.29 to 0.36 h/d; P = .27) and steps/d (mean difference 361 steps/d; 95% CI −385 to 1707 steps/d; P = .45) were similar for both. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with CRDs have a slight reduction in MVPA in comparison with healthy controls, but sedentary time and steps/d were similar for both.

La kinesiología respiratoria es actualmente una herramienta terapéutica destacada para el manejo de los pacientes respiratorios pediátricos. Se han desarrollado muchas y variadas técnicas, manuales y asistidas, algunas requiriendo colaboración del paciente. El desarrollo del conocimiento y la comprensión fisiopatológica de las enfermedades respiratorias en los últimos años ha generado la necesidad de consensuar la terminología, los fundamentos y la aplicación de cada una de las técnicas kinésicas de tratamiento respiratorio en el ámbito pediátrico. El objetivo de este documento fue recopilar la literatura disponible relacionada con los mecanismos fisiológicos, indicaciones, aspectos procedimentales y técnicas más utilizadas en nuestro país, con el propósito de ser una directriz que oriente la práctica clínica de profesionales y estudiantes en formación. Se incluyeron así las siguientes técnicas: espiración lenta prolongada, espiración lenta con glotis abierta, drenaje autógeno, drenaje autógeno asistido, ciclo activo, presión/descompresión, bloqueos torácicos, técnicas de espiración forzada, tos y ejercicios respiratorios.

Two sets $A$ and $B$ , whose elements fulfill a total order on operator $\le $ , can have a binary relation $R \subseteq A \times B$ represented by the k2-tree compact data structure, which greatly improves storage space. Currently, $Count$ query is managed by either using $Range$ query or to modify the structure to have aggregate information, implying additional time or space in order to perform the query. This article presents Compact Count , which exploits the k2-tree properties to reduce the paths to be scanned to count the numbers in a range $r$ , thus ensuring an expected runtime of $O(\log _{k} r \log _{k} n)$ and storage of $O(\log _{k} r)$ with the k2-tree parameters $n$ and $k$ . Our algorithm was compared through a series of experiments that consider both synthetic data with different distributions and real data, with a solution based on the Range algorithm. Experimental results show that Compact Count is 250 to 1,000 times faster than Range on synthetic and real data, respectively, with a small additional storage cost, as expected by the theoretical analysis.

11 Pág., Lacticaseibacillus paracasei INIA P272 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus INIA P344, isolated from breast-fed infants, are two promising bacterial strains for their use in functional foods according to their demonstrated probiotic and technological characteristics. To better understand their probiotic characteristics and evaluate their safety, here we report the draft genome sequences of both strains as well as the analysis of their genetical content. The draft genomes of L. paracasei INIA P272 and L. rhamnosus INIA P344 comprise 3.01 and 3.26 Mb, a total of 2994 and 3166 genes and a GC content of 46.27 % and 46.56 %, respectively. Genomic safety was assessed following the EFSA guidelines: the identification of both strains was confirmed through Average Nucleotide Identity, and the absence of virulence, pathogenic and antibiotic resistance genes was demonstrated. The genome stability analysis revealed the presence of plasmids and phage regions in both genomes, however, CRISPR sequences and other mechanisms to fight against phage infections were encoded. The probiotic abilities of both strains were supported by the presence of genes for the synthesis of SCFA, genes involved in resistance to acid and bile salts or a thiamine production cluster. Moreover, the encoded exopolysaccharide biosynthesis genes could provide additional protection against the deleterious gastrointestinal conditions, besides which, playing a key role in adherence and coaggregation of pathogenic bacteria together with the high number of adhesion proteins and domains encoded by both genomes. Additionally, the bacteriocin cluster genes found in both strains, could provide an advantageous ability to compete against pathogenic bacteria. This genomic study supports the probiotic characteristics described previously for these two strains and satisfies the safety requirements to be used in food products., This work was supported by projects PID2020-11960RB-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, and RMP2015-00001-00-00 from the National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA) and the Spanish Agency for Research (AEI-MCIU) co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund

BACKGROUND: No studies have investigated the use and safety of high-frequency chest wall compression (HFCWC) for non-hospitalized infants with acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the immediate effects and safety of HFCWC as compared to airway clearance techniques in children with AVB. METHODS: In this randomized clinical trial in non-hospitalized infants (0–12 months old) with mild to moderate AVB, children were randomized into 2 groups: airway clearance techniques (20 min of prolonged slow expiration and provoked cough) or HFCWC (15 min). A single session was performed and children were evaluated at baseline and at 10 min and 20 min after treatments. Outcomes measures were the Wang severity score, [Formula: see text] , sputum wet-weight, and the presence of adverse events. RESULTS: A total of 91 infant subjects, mean age 7.9 ± 2.6 months, were included. Significant (P = .004) between-group differences were found in the Wang score, which was 0.28 points lower in the airway clearance techniques group. There was a greater increase of infants classified as normal and a greater decrease of those classified as mild according to the Wang score when airway clearance techniques were used compared to the use of HFCWC (P = .009). The sputum wet-weight was lower in subjects treated with the airway clearance techniques (P < .001). Although [Formula: see text] improved in both groups, no differences were found between them. There was also no difference for adverse events, and the majority of children did not present any adverse events after 20 min. CONCLUSIONS: The use of HFCWC induced similar clinical effects as airway clearance techniques and was safe for non-hospitalized infants with AVB. Both techniques reduced respiratory symptoms and acutely improved [Formula: see text]. (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03835936.)