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The aims of this study were to: (1) estimate genetic correlation for milk production traits (milk, fat and protein yields and fat and protein contents) and fatty acids (FA: C16:0, C18:1 cis-9, LCFA, SFA, and UFA) over days in milk, (2) investigate the performance of genomic predictions using single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) based on random regression models (RRM), and (3) identify the optimal scaling and weighting factors to be used in the construction of the H matrix. A total of 302 684 test-day records of 63.875 first lactation Walloon Holstein cows were used. Positive genetic correlations were found between milk yield and fat and protein yield (rg from 0.46 to 0.85) and between fat yield and milk FA (rg from 0.17 to 0.47). On the other hand, negative correlations were estimated between fat and protein contents (rg from −0.22 to −0.59), between milk yield and milk FA (rg from −0.22 to −0.62), and between protein yield and milk FA (rg from −0.11 to −0.19). The selection for high fat content increases milk FA throughout lactation (rg from 0.61 to 0.98). The test-day ssGBLUP approach showed considerably higher prediction reliability than the parent average for all milk production and FA traits, even when no scaling and weighting factors were used in the H matrix. The highest validation reliabilities (r2 from 0.09 to 0.38) and less biased predictions (b1 from 0.76 to 0.92) were obtained using the optimal parameters (i.e., ω = 0.7 and α = 0.6) for the genomic evaluation of milk production traits. For milk FA, the optimal parameters were ω = 0.6 and α = 0.6. However, biased predictions were still observed (b1 from 0.32 to 0.81). The findings suggest that using ssGBLUP based on RRM is feasible for the genomic prediction of daily milk production and FA traits in Walloon Holstein dairy cattle.

The business model innovation to insert sustainability has been approached as a strategic point of view about social and environmental concerns, integrating itself with the objectives of organizations. In this context, impact businesses represent the effective proposal to attract part of private capital to solutions that act directly on social, environmental, and technological challenges. Because of the relevance of the impact business model, this study aims to identify the main characteristics of international scientific production related to this theme in the last ten years. Therefore, a bibliometric investigation was developed, using the Web of Science database, integrating the terms “social impact”; “social entrepreneurship”; “impact business”; “innovation”; and “business models”. A significant increase in the production associated with the theme from 2015 can be highlighted, with a continuous evolution until 2020, which denotes the emergence of the theme. Concerning thematic areas, business and management presented the highest number of publications related to the researched topics, standing out with 395 and 251 publications, respectively. The United States of America leads the ranking of countries that publish the topics of impact and innovation business model. However, England and Spain also stand out in the surveys. Among the three institutions that publish the most on the topics, the University of London, the University of Groningen, and Harvard University published the most frequently. Yet, it was possible to determine, through a sociometric analysis, the words with the highest number of occurrences, the average number of citations per document of authors who have at least five articles published, and the documents that had the highest number of citations.

The entire Image Signal Processor (ISP) of a camera relies on several processes to transform the data from the Color Filter Array (CFA) sensor, such as demosaicing, denoising, and enhancement. These processes can be executed either by some hardware or via software. In recent years, Deep Learning has emerged as one solution for some of them or even to replace the entire ISP using a single neural network for the task. In this work, we investigated several recent pieces of research in this area and provide deeper analysis and comparison among them, including results and possible points of improvement for future researchers.

Over the last few years, the number of works about deep learning applied to the medical field has increased enormously. The necessity of a rigorous assessment of these models is required to explain these results to all people involved in medical exams. A recent field in the machine learning area is explainable artificial intelligence, also known as XAI, which targets to explain the results of such black box models to permit the desired assessment. This survey analyses several recent studies in the XAI field applied to medical diagnosis research, allowing some explainability of the machine learning results in several different diseases, such as cancers and COVID-19.

Background: This study examined the strength, shape and direction of associations of accelerometer-assessed overall, school- and non-school-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) with BMI among adolescents across the world. Second, we examined whether these associations differed by study site and sex. Methods: Cross-sectional data from the IPEN Adolescent study, an observational multi-country study, were used. Participants wore an accelerometer for seven days, reported height and weight, and completed a socio-demographic survey. In total, 4852 adolescents (46.6% boys), aged 11–19 years (mean age = 14.6, SD = 1.7 years) were included in the analyses, using generalized additive mixed models. Results: Adolescents accumulated on average 41.3 (SD = 22.6) min/day of MVPA and 531.8 (SD = 81.1) min/day of ST, and the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 17.2% (IOTF), but these mean values differed by country. Linear negative associations of accelerometer-based MVPA and ST with standardized BMI scores and the likelihood of being overweight/obese were found. School-based ST and non-school-based MVPA were more strongly negatively associated to the outcomes than non-school based ST and school-based MVPA. Study site moderated the associations; adolescent sex did not. No curvilinear associations were found. Conclusions: This multi-country study confirmed the importance of MVPA as a potential protective factor against overweight/obesity in adolescents. Non-school-based MVPA seemed to be the main driver of these associations. Unexpected results were found for ST, calling for further examination in methodologically sound international studies but using inclinometers or pressure sensors to provide more precise ST measures., United States Department of Health & Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R01 HL111378 FWO FWO12/ASP/102, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 306836/2011-4, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic GA14-26896S GA17-24378S, University of Southern Denmark, Health and Medical Research Fund (Food and Health Bureau, Government of the Hong Kong SAR, PR of China) 10111501, Madras Diabetes Research Foundation (MDRF), Chennai, Israel Science Foundation 916/12, Universiti Sains Malaysia International Research Collaboration Grant, Health Research Council of New Zealand HRC12/329, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, Center for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF) GV-2013-087, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R01 HL083454, Future Leader Fellowship from the National Health Foundation of Australia ID100046, Australian Research Council FT140100085, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia APP 1176885, National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA R01 HL111378

O estudo tem como epicentro a interpretação do art. 611 do CPC, que trabalha com os prazos de instauração e encerramento do inventário sucessório. Parte-se da premissa de que, para a correta interpretação do teor normativo do dispositivo, é fundamental que se efetue diálogo da regra nele plasmada com outras normas legais de direito sucessório, inclusive fora do âmbito do CPC. O estudo aponta que há considerável número de questões que sofrem influência do art. 611 do CPC em vigor, sendo ingênuo efetuar sua interpretação isolada, posicionando-o como dispositivo que regula apenas o prazo de instauração e desfecho do inventário sucessório.

Recorrendo ao exercicio autorreflexivo, analisamos a implantacao do curso de graduacao em Antropologia no campus da Universidade Federal do Amazonas na cidade de Benjamin Constant e sua associacao ao recente processo de expansao universitaria no Brasil. A situacao analisada se desenvolve na regiao de triplice fronteira amazonica entre Brasil, Colombia e Peru e traz a luz questoes sobre a polissemia da fronteira; o contexto politico que propiciou a criacao do curso; algumas representacoes da Amazonia e da Antropologia; e os efeitos desse processo para o fazer antropologico. Refletimos como nossas experiencias de ensino, pesquisa e extensao na fronteira foram positivamente afetadas pelos modos de experimentacao da antropologia vivenciados pelas estudantes mulheres e indigenas com quem partilhamos esse percurso.

O presente estudo visa identificar as inovações orientadas para a sustentabilidade em startups do Startup Chile e analisá-las com foco nos elementos do cubo da inovação sustentável de Hansen, Grosse-Dunker e Reichwald (2009). A pesquisa se classifica como qualitativa, utilizando para coleta de dados a pesquisa documental e para análise dos dados, a análise de conteúdo. Em relação aos resultados, é notável a preocupação das empresas em abarcar as três dimensões do triple bottom line no desenvolvimento dos seus produtos e serviços, assim como a maioria dos elementos do cubo da inovação sustentável nas inovações mapeadas.

Este estudo buscou analisar as características das publicações sobre social learning (aprendizagem social) e sustainable development (desenvolvimento sustentável) na base de dados Web of Science, no período de 2009 a 2018 e, ainda, identificar quais os tópicos mais relevantes relacionados à aprendizagem social e ao desenvolvimento sustentável que estão sendo investigados (hot topics). O trabalho descritivo e quantitativo, de natureza bibliométrica, busca levantar as características da produção acadêmica. Como principais resultados, das 2.024 publicações analisadas no período, constatou-se um crescimento sobre a produção científica ao longo da última década, em especial nas seguintes áreas temáticas: Pesquisa educacional, Ciências ambientais e ecologia, Estudos ambientais, Tecnologia e ciências sustentáveis verdes e Gestão. Evidenciou-se como tópicos quentes as combinações do tópico Aprendizagem social e Desenvolvimento sustentável com Gestão, Estudos de desenvolvimento, Estudos ambientais e Ciências ambientais. Por fim, verifica-se que a aprendizagem social contribui com grande avanço para área do desenvolvimento sustentável, em especial para a educação e ciência ambiental, com novas formas de aprendizagem para a sustentabilidade.

There are some metrics to evaluate automatic text translations in the literature. However, the state-of-the-art of these metrics still has limitations. One of them is the dependence of an exact and ordered pairing of words for evaluating similarity among texts. Another, is the non-consideration of the semantics of the text in such comparison. Previous studies point out the need to analyze the semantics of words in the evaluation of translations. In this scenario, this paper presents a novel metric capable of evaluating the differences in automatic text translations that takes into account the semantics of the words presented in the texts. As a proof of concept, we selected ten journalistic texts written in English. These texts have been translated to Portuguese by specialists and by automatic text translation tools. Experimental results show the potential of the proposed metric in evaluating these translations, indicating it can perform better than the state-of-the-art metric.

We investigated the use of different Legendre polynomial orders to estimate genetic parameters for milk production and fatty acid (FA) traits in the first lactation Walloon Holstein cows. The data set comprised 302,684 test-day records of milk yield, fat and protein contents, and FAs generated by mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy, C16:0 (palmitic acid), C18:1 cis-9 (oleic acid), LCFAs (long-chain FAs), SFAs (saturated FAs) and UFAs (unsaturated FAs) were studied. The models included random regression coefficients for herd-year of calving (h), additive genetic (a) and permanent environment (p) effects. The selection of the best random regression model (RRM) was based on the deviance information criterion (DIC), and genetic parameters were estimated via a Bayesian approach. For all analysed random effects, DIC values decreased as the order of the Legendre polynomials increased. Best-fit models had fifth-order (degree 4) for the p effect and ranged from second- to fifth-order (degree 1-4) for the a and h effects (LEGhap: LEG555 for milk yield and protein content; LEG335 for fat content and SFA; LEG545 for C16:0 and UFA; and LEG535 for C18:1 cis-9 and LCFA). Based on the best-fit models, an effect of overcorrection was observed in early lactation (5-35 days in milk [DIM]). On the contrary, third-order (LEG333; degree 2) models showed flat residual trajectories throughout lactation. In general, the estimates of genetic variance tended to increase over DIM, for all traits. Heritabilities for milk production traits ranged from 0.11 to 0.58. Milk FA heritabilities ranged from low-to-high magnitude (0.03-0.56). High Spearman correlations (0.90 for all bulls and0.97 for top 100) were found among breeding values for 155 and 305 DIM between the best RRM and LEG333 model. Therefore, third-order Legendre polynomials seem to be most parsimonious and sufficient to describe milk production and FA traits in Walloon Holstein cows.

O Código de Processo Civil de 2015 traz, em seus artigos 669 e 670, disposições acerca da sobrepartilha de bens no inventário. Contudo, há de se ter em mente que o Código Civil de 2002 também já tratava do assunto. Em suma, a sobrepartilha consiste em uma nova distribuição de bens e/ou direitos do espólio que não foram objeto de partilha anterior ocorrida em inventário causa mortis já encerrado. Em outras palavras, a sobrepartilha é um inventário de natureza suplementar, impulsionado e justificado por nova arrecadação de bens e/ou direitos que não foram alcançados pelo desfecho do inventário já encerrado. The Code of Civil Procedure of 2015 has in its articles 669 and 670 provisions regarding the over-sharing of goods in the inventory. However, it must be borne in mind that the Civil Code of 2002 also dealt with the matter. In short, the over-sharing consists of a new distribution of assets and/or rights of the estate that were not the object of a previous sharing that took place in an inventory causa mortis already closed. In other words, oversharing is an inventory of a supplementary nature, driven and justified by a new collection of goods and/or rights that were not achieved by the conclusion of the inventory that has already ended.

A segurança do trabalho deve ser entendida como um conjunto de ações desempenhadas com a finalidade de mitigar os incidentes e as doenças ocupacionais. Nesse sentido, destaca-se a importância em discutir o papel da proteção ocupacional do trabalhador que atua no campo da eletricidade em firmas do setor da construção civil, haja vista que estes profissionais são expostos cotidianamente a uma série de riscos que podem desencadear consequências extremamente graves à saúde. Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o emprego da Segurança do Trabalho em instalações e serviços em eletricidade dos canteiros de obras à luz da NR-10. Para sua concepção realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica considerando as contribuições de diversos autores, procurando enfatizar a importância do bom convívio entre empregadores, empregados e a normatização regulamentadora das atividades que envolvam o uso da eletricidade, bem como a necessidade e o préstimo de uma política de segurança eficaz e eficiente nas organizações empregatícias. Concluiu-se que uma boa gestão de riscos nas organizações traz benefícios tanto à vida e bem-estar do corpo de colaboradores, quanto à saúde financeira da firma.

Background: The fibre characteristics of fleece weight (FW), mean fibre diameter (MFD), coefficient of variation of mean fibre diameter (CVMFD) and common phenotypic correlations between them of Huacaya alpacas (Vicugna pacos) breed, were estimated on 959 one-year-old animals, under extensive rangeland management conditions. Methods: Samples were taken between 2005 and 2018 (male and female), of two coat colors (white and brown), at the Toccra CEDAT-DESCO Alpaca Development Center (Arequipa, Perú). Model were developed an they included year, sex and coat color and their interactions with FW, MDF and CVMDF of alpaca’s fibre under the experimental design was completely randomized with a factorial arrangement of 12×2×2. Result: Statistical significant effect was for year of birth × sex interaction when FW was analyzed while year of birth × color interaction explained MFD and CVMFD variation (p less than .001). Phenotypic correlation calculated by Pearson’s coefficient showed that FW was positively correlated with MFD (0.24) while CVMFD was positively correlated with MFD (0.10). Results from this study indicated that the FW was influenced by both year of birth and sex, while MFD and CVMFD were influenced by both year of birth and color. Overall, it was concluded that a genetic progress can be achieved in the huacaya alpaca breed of CEDAT genetic improvement program.

Este Trabalho objetiva analisar as decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal brasileiro nas demandas por medicamentos de alto custo investigando como vem sendo tratado o problema dos custos dos direitos, ou seja, qual a importância (valor) dada pelo Tribunal às questões de ordem financeiro-orçamentária em face de argumentos ético-jurídicos como o mínimo existencial e a dignidade da pessoa humana. Diante do crescente fenômeno da judicialização da saúde, o objetivo principal é analisar os efeitos teóricos e práticos da discussão acerca da dimensão positiva dos direitos fundamentais, sob uma perspectiva pragmática, para a efetivação do direito social à saúde, sobretudo da assistência farmacêutica. Não obstante o reconhecimento da dimensão positiva presente em todos os direitos, quando descritivamente analisados, conforme demonstra Cass Sunstein e Stephen Holmes, verifica-se que a jurisprudência brasileira tem sustentado que nenhum argumento de ordem financeiro-orçamentária pode limitar o direito ao recebimento de medicamentos de alto custo. Tal posicionamento, entretanto, encontra dificuldades em se adequar aos ideais de universalidade e igualdade, bem como, à justiça distributiva, por atender somente uma parcela da população em detrimento de outra ainda maior.

As universidades que atuam na formação de novos profissionais e na busca pelo desenvolvimento dos conceitos da sustentabilidade. Este estudo apresenta as perspectivas dos servidores no que se refere ao tema sustentabilidade, referenciando pontos positivos identificados e oportunidades de melhorias para a instituição. Trata-se de uma análise qualitativa de natureza exploratória que analisou 96 respostas obtidas na questão aberta intitulada “Espaço para Sugestões e Comentários” sobre uma pesquisa de sustentabilidade em universidades. Foram identificados pontos positivos para o projeto Universidade Meio Ambiente, para ações individuais de alguns servidores e para a feira orgânica da instituição. Como sugestão de melhorias, se obteve a necessidade de disseminação das temáticas nos cursos e currículos de todos os cursos da instituição, a necessidade de substituição do uso do papel por processos eletrônicos, a promoção de políticas ambientais institucionais e a necessidade de participação de toda comunidade acadêmica nas decisões que impactem na sustentabilidade.

Cessar a reprodução dos atuais problemas sociais, ambientais e econômicos exige uma transformação da maneira de abordar a educação e a vida, o que evidencia a importância da Educação para a Sustentabilidade (EpS). Ao analisar a formação de profissionais de gestão, a importância da EpS fica ainda mais manifesta, considerando os impactos das decisões destes profissionais sobre o meio ambiente e sociedade. Assim, para que objetivos da EpS sejam alcançados, novas propostas pedagógicas são necessárias, a EpS encontra oportunidades nas abordagens de aprendizagem de epistemologia construtivista, como a Aprendizagem Experiencial (AE). Assim, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a capacidade contributiva da Aprendizagem Experiencial para a Educação para a sustentabilidade em uma iniciativa interdisciplinar desenvolvida no ensino de gestão. A partir da realização de entrevistas e aplicação de questionário, levantou-se dados a respeito de iniciativa interdisciplinar, composta por duas disciplinas (Projeto Interdisciplinar 1 e 2) e sua relação com a AE. Os resultados indicam que ao adotar a AE como pano de fundo para o desenvolvimento da iniciativa é possível alcançar os resultados almejados pela EpS, podendo contribuir com o desenvolvimento discente no que tange ao pensamento crítico, visão sistêmica, perspectiva de futuro, entre outros.

A preocupacao com o desenvolvimento sustentavel se traduz em repensar as universidades de forma a torna-las modelo de sustentabilidade. Tratar do tema sustentabilidade significa tratar das atitudes e acoes das pessoas. Considerando a influencia das pessoas, este trabalho vai abordar as competencias e comportamentos que um determinado grupo de pessoas detem em relacao a sustentabilidade. Com base nisso, este trabalho teve como objetivo apresentar as correlacoes entre comportamentos e competencias para a sustentabilidade e identificar as diferencas relacionadas com fatores como: no genero, na faixa etaria, no estado civil, na escolaridade, na renda, na categoria, no tempo de instituicao e no exercicio de cargo de chefia. A pesquisa revela-se quantitativa, com base em uma amostragem nao-probabilistica por conveniencia dos servidores publicos federais. Os achados mostram uma correlacao positiva entre os dois constructos, sendo que os respondentes apresentam maiores indices de comportamento do que de competencia, e diferencas entre genero, faixa etaria, escolaridade, renda e tempo de instituicao. Comportamentos e competencias para a sustentabilidade sao fundamentais na construcao de uma Universidade Verde. A partir disso, e preciso discutir sobre formas viaveis de incentivo a sustentabilidade em ambientes de educacao para que, dessa forma, a sustentabilidade seja alcada a toda sociedade. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.21714/1679-18272019v17Ed.p73-87

A discussão sobre Environmental, social and governance (ESG) está em pauta no Brasil e no mundo, de modo que as organizações cada vez mais estão buscando atender as demandas de seus stakeholders e da sociedade. A temática ESG está sendo discutida no ambiente corporativo, entretanto, o conceito já faz parte da literatura há algum tempo. Nesse sentido, este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar um panorama da produção científica sobre Environmental, social and governance (ESG) na base de dados Web of Science, no período de 2011 a 2020. Por meio do estudo bibliométrico tem-se o propósito de verificar as escolhas acadêmicas em relação à temática em estudo. Constatou-se o aumento de publicações com destaque para o ano 2020, concentrando-se nos Estados Unidos da América e o inglês sendo o principal idioma. A análise sociométrica evidenciou que as palavras-chave mais utilizadas (período 2016-2018) foram: Corporate social performance, Voluntary disclosure, Gender diversity e Earnings management. O número crescente de publicações evidencia a importância do tema. Esta pesquisa contribuiu com a temática ESG ao realizar uma análise quantitativa das publicações no período 2011-2020, sendo que este estudo pode embasar novas discussões, fornecendo aos pesquisadores classificações sobre o estado atual da literatura. Para investigações futuras, sugere-se a realização de revisão sistemática da literatura sobre o tema a fim de aprofundar a análise, bem como analisar a relação entre ESG e desempenho no contexto desencadeado pela crise pandêmica da Covid-19.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior In order to obtain the best relation between the parts of a structural system of precast concrete, this work proposes to perform the optimization of plane frames with semi-rigid connections between beams and columns. For this, some frames were simulated numerically using the Finite Element Method, in which beams and columns were modeled by beam elements and the beam-column connections by spring elements, allowing the modification of its stiffness. The implemented objective function was based on the search of lowest stiffness connection, which would meet the global stability of the building. At the end of the process, a connection model with great stiffness was adopted to compose the frame, followed by checking the horizontal displacement maximum allowed. The importance of considering the stiffness connection is to avoid idealizations in design that tend to consider the connections as perfectly articulated or perfectly rigid. Connections in central column and corner column with fixity factor about 0.32 and 0.27, respectively, were responsible for reducing the bending moments at the base of the columns by 36%, while reducing the displacement at the top of the frame reached 76%. For a second frame, semi-rigid connections between beam and column averaging fixity factor of 0.33 were sufficient to satisfy the maximum allowable horizontal displacement and the acting moment at connection. This proves that even connections with low constraints provide significant gains from a structural point of view, without loss of the constructive aspects and assembly. Com a finalidade de obter a melhor relação entre as partes de um sistema estrutural de concreto pré-moldado, propõe-se realizar a otimização de pórticos planos com ligações semirrígidas entre vigas e pilares. Para isto, alguns pórticos foram simulados numericamente através do Método dos Elementos Finitos, em que vigas e pilares foram modelados por elementos de barra e as ligações viga-pilar por elementos de mola, possibilitando a modificação de sua rigidez. A função objetivo implementada baseou-se na busca da menor rigidez da ligação, que atendesse a estabilidade global da edificação. Ao final do processo, um modelo de ligação com rigidez ótima foi adotado para compor o pórtico, seguindo com a verificação do deslocamento horizontal máximo permitido. A importância da consideração da semirrigidez da ligação está em evitar idealizações de projeto que tendem a considerar as ligações como perfeitamente articuladas ou rígidas. Ligações para pilar central e para pilar de canto com fator de restrição da ordem de 0,32 e 0,27, respectivamente, foram responsáveis por reduzir o momento na base dos pilares em 36%, enquanto que a redução do deslocamento no topo do pórtico atingiu 76%. Já para um segundo pórtico analisado, ligações semirrígidas entre viga e pilar com fatores de restrição médio de 0,33 foram suficientes para atender o deslocamento horizontal máximo permitido e o momento solicitante da ligação, atingindo um parâmetro de estabilidade global igual a 1,12. Isto comprova que mesmo ligações com baixas restrições geram ganhos significativos do ponto de vista estrutural, sem prejuízos dos aspectos construtivos e de montagem. Mestre em Engenharia Civil

BACKGROUND Stereotactic lesion in the Forel's field H (campotomy) was proposed in 1963 to treat Parkinson disease (PD) symptoms. Despite its rationale, very few data on this approach have emerged. Additionally, no study has assessed its effects on nonmotor symptoms, neuropsychological functions and quality of life. OBJECTIVE To provide a prospective 2-yr assessment of motor, nonmotor, neuropsychological and quality of life variables after unilateral campotomy. METHODS Twelve PD patients were prospectively evaluated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), the Dyskinesia Rating Scale and the Parkinson's disease quality of life questionnaire (PDQ39) before campotomy, and after 6 and 24 mo. Nonmotor, neuropsychiatric, neuropsychological and quality of life variables were assessed. The impact of PD on global health was also rated. RESULTS A significant reduction in contralateral rest tremor (65.7%, P

This paper describes the history, challenges, solutions and evolution of the Floating Production Units in Brazil. The first floating unit was on stream in 1977 at Campos Basin in Brazil. It produced from a single well with a drilling riser and dry-X-tmas tree to a MODU converted into a floating production unit and exporting to a spread-moored shuttle-tanker by a floating hose. Now, more than 40 years later, over 2,400 meters of water depth at Santos Basin are moored several floating production and storage units (FPSOs). It houses over 40 thousand metric tons of complex topsides exploiting ultra-deep wells from the pre-salt prospects. Along the evolution of the FPSOs, one major stepping-stone was the implementation of lessons learned as a feedback to create a strong foundation. This paper will depict field demands and solutions adopted to deal with the differing climates and environments as well as other particularities to develop FPSOs in Brazil. To face the technological challenges to efficiently and safely produce from ultra-deep water complex pre-salt reservoirs required the consolidated use of the expertise and experience from past projects. Initially Petrobras was well known worldwide as a Semi-Submersible company, with a unique proficiency to develop converted Semi-submersibles and other new constructions. This expertise is still present to this day, but the company has since pioneered and consolidated the use of FPSOs worldwide, leading the industry in this concept. Petrobras led the industry effort to approve FPSO international standards, local regulations with agencies and regulatory bodies by the end of ‘80s to early ‘90s. This paper will focus on the evolution of this industry, highlighting the achievements, and address the new developments and opportunities for the future.

The present article presents a computational modelling of stiffened plates submitted to a uniformly distributed transversal load, allowing the numerical analysis of displacements and stress. The computational model was developed in the ANSYS software, based on Finite Element Method (FEM), using the SHELL281 finite element. This model was elaborated considering the symmetry boundary condition, allowing only one quarter of the stiffened plate to be numerically simulated. The simulations with this boundary condition demonstrated a computational processing gain in relation to the complete plate simulations. Besides, its use enabled the employment of more refined spatial discretization (meshes) than those used in models that consider the entire plate. In order to verify this computational model as well as to evaluate its accuracy in relation to the results obtained with the model that considers the whole plate, deflection and stress analysis were performed. The verification of the model was done using the independent mesh solution, obtained through a mesh convergence test. The results of the numerical model using the symmetry boundary condition demonstrated good accuracy over the whole plate computational model, both in the verification and in a comparative of the whole plate in relation to its equivalent with symmetry., O presente artigo apresenta a modelagem computacional de placas enrijecidas submetidas a uma carga transversal uniformemente distribuída, permitindo a análise numérica de deslocamentos e tensões. O modelo computacional foi desenvolvido no software ANSYS, baseado no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), empregando o elemento finito SHELL281. Este modelo foi elaborado considerando a condição de contorno de simetria, possibilitando que somente um quarto da placa enrijecida fosse simulado numericamente. As simulações com esta condição de contorno demonstraram um ganho de processamento computacional em relação às simulações da placa completa. Além disso, a sua utilização possibilitou o uso de discretizações espaciais (malhas) mais refinadas do que as usadas em modelos que consideram a placa inteira. Com o objetivo de verificar esse modelo computacional assim como avaliar sua acurácia em relação aos resultados obtidos com o modelo que considera toda a placa, análises de deflexão e de tensão foram realizadas. A verificação do modelo foi feita usando a solução independente de malha, obtida através de um teste de convergência de malha. Os resultados do modelo numérico utilizando a condição de contorno de simetria demonstraram uma boa precisão em relação ao modelo computacional da placa completa, tanto na verificação quanto em um comparativo da placa inteira em relação a seu equivalente com simetria.

In the current competitive scenario, organizations have been using techniques capable of increasing their production capacities and maintaining a level of competitiveness that ensures their survival. One such technique is known as continuous improvement. Following this line of reasoning, the current study aims to describe how a continuous improvement team (quality control circle), one of the pillars of the integrated management system of a steel company, can reduce the time performing chemical analyses by the chemical laboratory in which the project was carried out. Through improvement actions to mitigate the causes prioritized by the continuous improvement team, a reduction of 27% between 2014 and 2015 was obtained in the number of samples´ analysis that were not within the maximum acceptable time of 4.5 minutes. In the period that all the improvement actions for the prioritized causes had already been implemented, there was a reduction of the analyses time of 4.26 minutes, below the target of 4.5 minutes. The best practices were standardized by reviewing the technical procedure in order to keep the time to perform analyses under the target (4.5 minutes) over the next years. According to the calculations made by the engineers, the company prevented the loss of an annual value of R$ 2.2 M with the conclusion of the project.

A powerful tool for social change and transformation for sustainable future has been considered Education for Sustainability (EpS). Thus, in order for the expected results and objectives of EpS to be achieved, new pedagogical proposals are necessary, behavioral change and attitudes must be attained from pedagogical approaches that focus on the criticality of students. For this to be possible, EpS finds opportunities in theories of learning of constructivist epistemology, such as: Theory of Experiential Learning, Transforming Learning, Liberating Learning and Social Learning. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify and analyze the characteristics of scientific publications on the subject of education for sustainability linked to theories of Experiential, Transformative, Liberating and Social learning. The operationalization of the survey took place through a bibliometric study, which has been searched in the Web of Science and Scopus in the last ten years, as well as in the annals of ANPAD events. The results show that these are themes that are evident in recent years, and that the theory of social learning is the one that is most consolidated in the literature when it comes to education for sustainability.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar a reprodutibilidade e comparatividade das tres principais classificacoes usadas para fraturas do tornozelo mais comumente empregadas nos servicos de emergencia: Lauge‐Hansen, Danis‐Weber e AO‐OTA. Observar secundariamente se existe influencia da experiencia profissional sobre a concordância entre observadores para a classificacao dessa patologia. Metodos Foram usadas 83 imagens digitalizadas de radiografias pre‐operatorias, em incidencias anteroposterior e perfil, de fraturas do tornozelo de adultos diferentes, ocorridas entre janeiro e dezembro de 2013. No calculo amostral assumiu‐se precisao da estimativa de 15%, com erro amostral de 5% e com poder de amostragem de 80%. A leitura e a classificacao das fraturas foram feitas por seis observadores, dois cirurgioes de pe e tornozelo, dois ortopedistas generalistas e dois residentes do segundo ano de ortopedia e traumatologia. A analise das variacoes foi feita pelo metodo estatistico de Kappa de multiplas variâncias. Resultados Com o uso da classificacao de Dannis‐Weber, 40% das concordâncias foram consideradas boas ou excelentes entre todos os observadores, enquanto nas classificacoes de Lauge Hansen e AO apenas 20% se apresentaram boas ou excelentes. O indice Kappa acumulado para cada classificacao foi de 0,49 para a classificacao de Dannis‐Weber, 0,32 para Lauge Hansen e 0,38 para a classificacao AO. Conclusao A classificacao de Lauge Hansen apresenta a pior concordância interobservador dentre as tres classificacoes. A classificacao da AO demonstrou concordância intermediaria e a de Dannis‐Weber apresentou o maior indice de concordância interobservador, independentemente da experiencia do profissional.

The existence of genotype-environment interaction (GEI) using reaction norm models and their impact on the genetic evaluation of Nellore sires for body weight at 120, 210, 365 and 450 days of age was verified. Three models were used: animal model (AM) that disregards GEI and the one-step reaction norm model with homogeneous and heterogeneous residual variance (1SRNMH_het). Bayes Inference via Gibbs Sampling was used to estimate the variance components. The AM model better fits to weights at 120 and 210 days of age, while 1SRNMH_het was more adequate for body weights at 365 and 450 days of age, suggesting the existence of GEI. The posterior means of direct heritability were 0.33±0.01 and 0.36±0.01 and maternal heritability of 0.21±0.01 and 0.19±0.01 for body weights at 120 and 210 days of age, respectively. For body weights at 365 and 450 days of age, posterior means of heritability varied along the environmental gradient, but the ranking of sires based on breeding values was not changed by different environmental gradients. All rank correlations were greater than 0.80, strongly suggesting a scale effect of GEI. Despite the evidence of GEI on post-weaning weight gain, it did not change the ranking of sires. Therefore, it did not have a relevant impact on the genetic evaluation of sires because they are robust to environmental changes. El objetivo fue verificar la existencia de la interacción genotipo-ambiente (IGA) mediante modelos de norma de reacción y su impacto en la evaluación genética de los toros de la raza Nelore para el peso corporal a los 120, 210, 365 y 450 días de edad. Se utilizaron tres modelos: el modelo animal tradicional (MA) considerando la ausencia de IGA y los modelos de normas de reacción de un paso considerando la varianza residual homogénea y heterogénea (MHNR1p_het), utilizando la inferencia bayesiana, a través del Gibbs Sampler para la estimación de los componentes de la varianza. El modelo MA presentó el mejor ajuste para los pesos a los 120 y 210 días de edad, mientras que el MHNR1p_het fue más apropiado para los pesos corporales a los 365 y 450 días de edad, caracterizando la presencia de IGA. Las medias posteriores de la heredabilidad directa fueron de 0,33±0,01 y 0,36±0,01 y la materna de 0,21±0,01 y 0,19±0,01 para los pesos corporales a los 120 y 210 días de edad, respectivamente. Para los pesos corporales a los 365 y 450 días de edad, las medias de heredabilidad posteriores variaron según el gradiente ambiental, sin embargo, sin que se alterara la ordenación de los valores genéticos de los toros en los distintos gradientes ambientales. Todas las correlaciones de orden fueron superiores a 0,80, lo que pone de relieve el efecto de escala del IGA. Así, a pesar de la evidencia de la presencia de IGA para el rendimiento ponderal en la fase post-destete, no promovió cambios en la clasificación de los animales, por lo tanto sin impacto relevante en la evaluación genética de los sementales debido a que son robustos frente a las variaciones ambientales. Objetivou-se verificar a existência da interação genótipo-ambiente (IGA) por meio de modelos de normas de reação e seu impacto na avaliação genética de reprodutores da raça Nelore para pesos corporais aos 120, 210, 365 e 450 dias de idade. Utilizaram-se três modelos: modelo animal tradicional (MA) considerando ausência da IGA e os modelos de normas de reação de um passo considerando variância residual homogênea e heterogênea (MHNR1p_het), utilizando-se a inferência bayesiana, por meio de Amostrador de Gibbs para estimação dos componentes de variância. O modelo MA apresentou melhor ajuste para os pesos aos 120 e 210 dias de idade, enquanto que o MHNR1p_het foi mais adequado para os pesos corporais aos 365 e 450 dias de idade, caracterizando-se a presença de IGA. As médias posteriores de herdabilidade direta foram de 0,33±0,01 e 0,36±0,01 e maternas de 0,21±0,01 e 0,19±0,01 para os peso aos 120 e 210 dias de idade, respectivamente. Nos pesos corporais aos 365 e 450 dias de idade, as médias posteriores de herdabilidade variaram conforme o gradiente ambiental, porém, sem alteração no ordenamento dos valores genéticos dos reprodutores nos diferentes gradientes ambientais. Todas as correlações de ordem foram maiores que 0,80, enfatizando o efeito em escala da IGA. Assim, apesar de evidências de presença da IGA para o desempenho ponderal na fase de pós-desmame, a mesma não promoveu mudanças na classificação dos animais, portanto sem impacto relevante sobre a avaliação genética de reprodutores devido ao fato de que os mesmos são robustos frente às variações ambientais.

Helical milling is an advanced hole-making process and different approaches considering controllable variables have been presented addressing modelling and optimization of machining forces in helical milling. None of them considers the importance of the noise variables and the fact that machining forces components are usually correlated. Exploring this issue, this paper presents a multivariate robust modelling and optimization of cutting forces of the helical milling of the aluminum alloy Al 7075. For the study, the tool overhang length was defined as noise variable since in cavities machining there are specific workpiece geometries that constrain this variable; the controllable variables were axial feed per tooth, tangential feed per tooth and cutting speed. The cutting forces in the workpiece coordinate system were measured and the components in the tool coordinate system, i.e., the axial and radial forces, were evaluated. Since these two outcomes are correlated, the weighted principal component analysis was performed together with the robust parameter design to allow the multivariate robust modelling of the mean and variance equations. The normal boundary intersection method was used to obtain a set of Pareto robust optimal solutions related to the mean and variance equations of the weighted principal component. The optimization of the weighted principal component through the normal boundary intersection method was performed and the results evaluated in the axial and radial cutting forces components. Confirmation runs were carried out and it was possible to conclude that the models presented good fit with experimental data and that the Pareto optimal point chosen for performing the confirmation runs is robust to the tool overhang length variation. Finally, the cutting force models were also presented for mean and variance in the workpiece coordinate system in the time domain, presenting low error regarding the experimental test, endorsing the results. published

The segregation of the causal mutation () in the muscular hypertrophy gene in dual-purpose Belgian Blue (dpBB) cattle is considered to result in greater calving difficulty (dystocia). Establishing adapted genetic evaluations might overcome this situation through efficient selection. However, the heterogeneity of dpBB populations at the locus implies separating the major gene and other polygenic effects in complex modeling. The use of mixed inheritance models may be an interesting option because they simultaneously assume both influences. A genetic evaluation in dpBB based on a mixed inheritance model was developed for birth and conformation traits: gestation length (GL), calving difficulty (CD), birth weight (BiW), and body conformation score (BC). A total of 27,362 animals having records were used for analyses. The total number of animals in the pedigree used to build the numerator relationship matrix was 62,617. Genotypes at the locus were available for 2,671 animals. Missing records at this locus were replaced with genotype probabilities. A total of 13,221 (48.3%) were registered as dpBB, 1,287 (4.7%) as beef Belgian Blue, and 12,854 (47.0%) were unknown. From those 13,221 dpBB animals, 650, 849, and 534 had double or single copies or no copy, respectively, of the causal mutation () in the muscular hypertrophy gene, whereas 11,188 had missing genotypes. This heterogeneity at the locus may be the reason for high variability in the studied traits, that is, high heritability estimates of 0.33, 0.30, 0.38, and 0.43 for GL, CD, BiW, and BC, respectively. In general, additive ( < 0.05) and dominance ( < 0.001) allele substitution for calves and dams had significant impact for all traits. The moderate coefficient of genetic variation (27.80%) and high direct heritability (0.28) for CD suggested genetic variability in dpBB and possible genetic improvement through selection. This variability has allowed dpBB breeders to successfully apply mass selection in the past. Genetic trend means from 1988 to 2016 showed that sire selection for CD within genotype was progressively applied by breeders. The selection intensity was more important for CD in double-muscled lines than in segregated lines. Our study illustrated the possible confusion caused by the use of major genes in selection and the importance of fitting appropriate models such as mixed inheritance models that combine polygenic and gene content information.

Fertility traits are economically important in cattle breeding programs. Scrotal circumference (SC) measures are repeatable, easily obtained, highly heritable, and positively correlated with female fertility traits and sperm quality traits in males. A useful approach to summarize SC measures over time is using nonlinear models, which summarize specific measures of SC in a few parameters with biological interpretation. This approach facilitates the selection of bulls with larger SC and maturity index (K), that is, early maturing animals. Because SC is a sex-limited trait, identifying the underlying genomics of growth curve parameters will allow selection across both males and females. We reported the first multitrait genomewide association study (GWAS) of estimated growth curve parameters for SC data in Brahman cattle. Five widely used nonlinear models were tested to fit a total of 3,612 SC records, measured at 6, 12, 18, and 24 mo of age. The von Bertalanffy model, individually fitted for each animal, best fit this SC data. Parameter estimates SC at maturity (A) and K as well as SC at all ages were jointly analyzed in a GWAS to identify 1-Mb regions most strongly associated with each trait. Heritabilities were 0.25 for K and 0.32 for A and ranged from 0.51 to 0.72 for SC at 6 (SC6), 12 (SC12), 18 (SC18), and 24 mo of age (SC24). An overlapping window on chromosome 14 explaining around 0.8% of genetic variance for K, SC12, SC18, and SC24 was observed. The major positional candidate genes within 1 Mb upstream and downstream of this overlapping window were , , , and . Windows of 1 Mb explaining more than 0.4% of each trait on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 14, 17, 18, 24, 25, and 26 were identified. Pathways and net-work analyses were indicated through transcription factors playing a role on fertility traits: , , , , , , and . Further validation studies on larger populations or other breeds are required to validate these findings and to improve our understanding of the biology and complex genetic architecture of traits associated with scrotal growth and male fertility in cattle.

In Benin, family poultry farming has become an important activity in economic and social aspects that contribute to food security, poverty reduction and well-being. However, current information about poultry production and consumption is still limited. This information would be useful to improve the sustainable exploitation of agricultural and commercial genetic resources. We aimed to identify and assess the socio-economic and phenotypic features as well as to investigate phenotypic variability and growth performance of guinea fowls raised under different environments. Growth performance and survival rates of local guinea fowl varieties were recorded in three zones of Benin: Collines, Atacora and Borgou. Seven varieties, Gray, Common, Bonaparte, White, Black, Isabelle and Multicolored, were identified in Benin. The farmers choose a variety to be raised based on breeding system, agro-ecological zone, disease resistance, market price and production purpose. Bonaparte, Common and Gray varieties emerged as the most resistant whereas White, Black and Gray outperformed in growth and may be used for breeding purposes. The semi-confinement system could be recommended for startup as a temporary solution to improve production of local guinea fowls in Benin. The existence of several varieties on farms does not encourage genetic conservation and improvement of these resources. Establishing selection or crossbreeding programs in controlled environments would be more appropriate for guinea fowls raised in Benin. Key words: Survey, agro-ecological zones, confinement systems.

Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), an eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinase, plays critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, adaptation to stress, and hemoglobin disorders. HRI phosphorylates eIF2α, which couples cellular signals, including endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, to translation. We previously identified 1,3-diarylureas and 1-((1,4-trans)-4-aryloxycyclohexyl)-3-arylureas (cHAUs) as specific activators of HRI that trigger the eIF2α phosphorylation arm of ER stress response as molecular probes for studying HRI biology and its potential as a druggable target. To develop drug-like cHAUs needed for in vivo studies, we undertook bioassay-guided structure-activity relationship studies and tested them in the surrogate eIF2α phosphorylation and cell proliferation assays. We further evaluated some of these cHAUs in endogenous eIF2α phosphorylation and in the expression of the transcription factor C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) and its mRNA, demonstrating significantly improved solubility and/or potencies. These cHAUs are excellent candidates for lead optimization for development of investigational new drugs that potently and specifically activate HRI.

Helical milling is an eco-friendly hole-making process considering energy economy, tool inventory reduction, tool life cycle increase, set-up and non-productive times reduction due to tools changes and better borehole quality. In order to achieve the best results in terms of the sustainable manufacturing aspects energy, quality, and productivity, the present paper proposes to optimize the multi-objective helical milling process of the aluminum alloy Al 7075. With consideration to sustainable objectives, the axial cutting force component, related to energy consumption, the total roundness, related to borehole geometrical quality, and the material removal rate, related to productivity, were taken into account. The process factors axial and tangential feed per tooth and cutting velocity were selected, besides the noise factor tool overhang length, allowing to optimize bias and variance of cutting force and roundness together with the deterministic response material removal rate. In order to achieve a complete exploitation of the Pareto frontier, the new multi-objective optimization method augmented-enhanced normalized normal constraint method was proposed. It was obtained a set of Pareto optimal solutions for the mean square error of the axial cutting force, mean square error of the total roundness, and material removal rate, achieving the trade-off among energy, quality, and productivity. Therefore, different optimization scenarios were obtained, allowing to the experimenter the possibility of choice, guaranteeing a sustainable hole-making process. Furthermore, besides allowing the possibility of choosing different solutions, the TOPSIS decision-making approach was performed so that the best compromise solution was found among the Pareto optimal solutions. The helical milling of the aluminum alloy Al 7075 is presented as a green machining process.

A laje formada por vigotas pre-fabricadas atende a todo tipo de construcao civil, e seu uso amplo no mercado brasileiro, corresponde a grandes vantagens, como por exemplo, economia de formas e escoramentos, maior rapidez de execucao e diminuicao do peso da estrutura. O elemento mais usual e a vigota trelicada sendo foco deste trabalho. Neste caso parte da armacao das vigotas e concretada na obra conferindo ao conjunto da laje maior resistencia, podendo vencer vaos maiores. Alem disso, foi analisada uma variacao deste elemento, a vigota trelicada protendida, que apresenta uma armadura de protensao na base de concreto da vigota. Desta forma, este artigo trata de uma analise numerica comparativa de vigotas trelicadas e vigotas trelicadas protendidas, usando o software ANSYS. Nessas analises foi considerada ainda a nao linearidade dos materiais para elementos com 3m de comprimento, para a etapa de montagem na obra. Pelos resultados pode verificar que a vigota trelicada protendida se mostrou mais eficaz que a vigota trelicada. Para a analise nao linear, a ruptura do elemento ocorreu pela plastificacao do concreto e em alguns casos, pela flambagem da armadura do banzo superior. Palavras-chave: vigota trelicada, vigota trelicada protendida, analise nao linear, analise numerica, fase de montagem. NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF LATTICE JOISTS AND LATTICE PRESTRESSED JOISTS FOR THE ASSEMBLY STAGE ABSTRACT The slab of prefabricated beams is used to all type of construction, and its use in the Brazilian market, represents major advantages, such as reduced of scaffold support and forms, fast fabrication and decreased the self-weight structure. The most usual joist and focus of this work is the lattice joist. In this case, part of the reinforcement is cast in place providing to the system, greater strength and able to use larger spans. Furthermore, this study aims a variation of this element, the lattice prestressed joist, which has a prestressed reinforcement in the concrete base. Therefore, this article shows a comparative analysis of lattice joist and lattice prestressed joist, using the ANSYS computer program. The physical nonlinear behavior of materials involved is considered in the simulations for elements with span of 3m for the assembly stage. The results show that the lattice prestressed joist is more effective than the lattice joist. The concrete material achieved the failure by cracking and in another cases, the buckling of the upper reinforced Keywords: lattice joists, lattice prestressed joists, nonlinear analysis, numerical analysis, assembly stage.

The objective of this study was to verify the feasibility of a joint genetic evaluation system for calving ease trait of Belgian Blue (BBB) and Holstein (HOL) Walloon cattle based on data of purebred and crossbred animals. Variance components and derived genetic parameters for purebred BBB and HOL animals were estimated by using single-breed linear animal models. This analysis showed clear genetic differences between breeds. Estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities (±standard error) were 0.34 (±0.02) and 0.09 (±0.01) for BBB, respectively, but only 0.09 (±0.01) and 0.04 (±0.01) for HOL, respectively. Moreover, a significant negative genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects was obtained in both breeds: −0.46 (±0.04) for BBB and −0.29 (±0.11) for HOL. Variance components and derived genetic parameters for purebred BBB and HOL and crossbred BBB × HOL cattle were then estimated by using two multi-breed linear animal models: a multi-breed model based on a random regression test-day model (Model MBV), and a multi-breed model based on the random regression multi-breed model (Model MBSM). Both multi-breed models use different functions of breed proportions as random regressions, thereby enabling modelling different additive effects according to animal's breed composition. The main difference between these models is the way in which relationships between breeds are accounted for in the genetic (co)variance structure. Genetic parameters differed between single-breed and multi-breed analysis, but are similar to the literature. For BBB, estimates of direct and maternal heritabilities (±SE) were 0.45 (±0.07) and 0.08 (±0.01) by using Model MBV, and 0.45 (±0.08) and 0.09 (±0.02) for Model MBSM, respectively. For HOL, these estimates were 0.18 (±0.04) and 0.05 (±0.01) using Model MBV, and 0.16 (±0.04) and 0.05 (±0.01) for Model MBSM, respectively. Reliability gains (up to 25%) indicated that the use of crossbred data in the multi-breed models had a positive influence on the estimation of genetic merit of purebred animals. A slight re-ranking of purebred sires and maternal grandsires was observed between single-breed and multi-breed models. Moreover, both multi-breed models can be considered as quasi-equivalent models because they performed almost equally well with respect to MSE and correlations, for purebred and crossbred animals.

This study aimed at assessing the elemental composition of dietary supplements mostly consumed by physically active individuals in Belo Horizonte. Neutron activation analysis, k 0-standardization method, analysing large samples, was applied. The presence of impurities not considered essential for human beings and potentially toxic elements pointed out the risk of long-term consumption. The results were compared to values foreseen in the Brazilian legislation, and to the ones described in the products labels and directions. This preliminary assessment suggests the need to improve the quality control of raw material used in dietary supplements.

Introduction Thalamic ventralis intermedius deep brain stimulation (VIM-DBS) is generally effective in treating refractory tremor in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and in essential tremor (ET), but some patients do not respond well due to side effects or from loss of the effect of stimulation over time. The caudal zona incerta (ZI) has emerged as a promising target in ET, and the effects of ZI-DBS on PD tremor are less studied. Here, we describe a rare situation in which both ET and PD coexist in a 72-year-old male referred for ZI-DBS due to refractory tremor. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether there was a difference in the area stimulated to improve each type of tremor and whether tractography could improve and predict motor outcome. Methods Two months after the surgery, in order to define which of the cathodes was the most effective towards improving the tremor and parkinsonian symptoms, a double-blinded, monopolar evaluation was conducted on both hemispheres separately. Once the best contact and parameters were defined, the volume of tissue activation (VTA) was represented spatially for each type of tremor and, finally, the image model was fused with the tractography. Results For both types of tremor, the hot spot stimulated region achieved the dentato-rubro-thalamic tract (DRTT) at the higher fiber density region. The DRTT fibers were asymmetrical between the right and left hemispheres. Conclusion Regardless of the type of tremor, DRTT can be the most effective region for stimulation. Tractography should be considered when planning the surgical target since the DRTT is not always symmetrical, and the reconstruction of the VTA together with the tractography can greatly improve the DBS programming, and, probably, the patient’s outcome to the stimulation.

O aprendizado das disciplinas de programacao de computadores sempre trouxe desafios para qualquer turma de alunos de Computacao, devido as dificuldades ligadas ao seu aproveitamento. Esse cenario muito contribui para a desmotivacao do aluno e, assim, no aumento da evasao dos cursos. Geralmente, os professores que atuam nestas disciplinas tem sinais acerca de quais alunos se tornarao bons programadores, porem e dificil detectar quais necessitam de ajuda no processo de aprendizagem. Esta dissertacao propoe o uso de um modelo bayesiano que auxilia na identificacao de alunos com dificuldades nas disciplinas de programacao de computadores. A pesquisa utiliza uma abordagem mista, quanti e qualitativa. Um experimento, com carater informal, foi realizado com alunos que estavam cursando disciplinas de programacao. Esse conjunto de alunos, foi apresentado a cinco professores especialistas com o objetivo de identificar quais necessitariam de ajuda com a aprendizagem de programacao. O mesmo conjunto foi apresentado ao modelo bayesiano. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo pode ajudar na identificacao de alunos que apresentam dificuldades, com o potencial de contribuir no processo de aprendizagem.

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a legitimidade do controle jurisdicional das políticas públicas de saúde no Brasil questionando a atitude proativa do judiciário, sobretudo, do Supremo Tribunal Federal, no julgamento de demandas por medicamentos de alto custo em face do Estado, em sua matriz individual de atendimento. Diante do crescente fenômeno da judicialização da saúde, o problema é saber se a interferência do Tribunal nas políticas públicas de saúde, a qual, normalmente, tem adotado uma postura proativa (ativista), se legitima frente ao princípio democrático que constitui o Estado Social de Direito brasileiro estabelecido pela Constituição de 1988 e o princípio da separação dos poderes. A pesquisa desenvolve-se por meio de revisão bibliográfica, e utiliza-se de referenciais teóricos que, no âmbito da filosofia do direito e da teoria constitucional, adotam uma perspectiva substancialista do direito, como Mauro Cappelleti, Castanheira Neves, Ronald Dworkin e Luís Roberto Barroso. A conclusão aponta para o reconhecimento da legitimidade do controle jurisdicional das políticas públicas de saúde, em conformidade com a normativa constitucional e a realidade social, tendo em vista a necessidade de promoção dos avanços sociais que permanecem obstruídos no processo político majoritário.

Dentre os agentes toxicos que podem ser nocivos para o meio ambiente e, consequentemente, para saude humana estao os radionuclideos, oriundos tanto da natureza quanto de atividades da industria nuclear. Para o controle de suas concentracoes nos compartimentos abioticos e bioticos e necessaria a implementacao de programas de monitoramento sistematico do meio ambiente. Atraves do monitoramento ambiental, e possivel prever o aumento no nivel das fracoes massicas e das concentracoes de atividade dos radionuclideos das series naturais do 238 U e 232 Th ao longo do tempo nas principais matrizes ambientais no entorno de uma instalacao nuclear. Isso levou os orgaos reguladores do meio ambiente e nuclear a determinar niveis de atividades que possam causar riscos. Este estudo teve por objetivo executar a metodologia de amostragem do programa de monitoramento ambiental do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN) em dois periodos sazonais (seco e chuvoso), respeitando o ciclo hidrologico de um ano. O CDTN, localizado em Belo Horizonte, Brasil, e uma das tres instalacoes vinculadas a CNEN (Comissao Nacional de Energia Nuclear) com intuito de pesquisa e desenvolvimento na area nuclear. Este trabalho apresenta o estudo de plantas e solo oriundos de tres pontos de maior interesse radiologico para a instalacao. Essas matrizes foram analisadas pela tecnica de Ativacao Neutronica, metodo k 0 , e os resultados mostram que o monitoramento ambiental deve ser realizado em ambos periodos sazonais, pois o solo mostrou-se mais enriquecido pelos elementos de interesse na estacao chuvosa e as plantas apresentaram maiores concentracoes na estacao seca.

Placas finas de aço com enrijecedores são amplamente utilizadas em estruturas navais, construção civil e aeronáutica. Essas placas têm como característica o seu baixo valor de espessura em relação a sua largura e comprimento. Um parâmetro fundamental na análise dessas estruturas é a sua deflexão quando sujeita a um carregamento. Nessa pesquisa foram analisadas placas retangulares com enrijecedores, sujeitas a uma carga transversal uniformemente distribuída. O cálculo analítico dessas estruturas é complexo e limitado a casos específicos mais simples, sendo assim, necessária a utilização da modelagem computacional para a determinação da distribuição de deflexões. As simulações numéricas foram realizadas através do software ANSYS®, que utiliza o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF), com emprego do elemento bidimensional SHELL281 de 8 nós com malha regular formada por quadriláteros. As diferentes configurações geométricas analisadas foram determinadas através do uso do Método Design Construtal, que transformou parte da espessura de uma placa de referência (sem enrijecedores) em enrijecedores, dispostos nas direções longitudinal e transversal. Essas diferentes configurações geométricas foram simuladas numericamente, caracterizando uma avaliação pela técnica de Busca Exaustiva, permitindo então a análise da influência dos parâmetros geométricos na deflexão da placa. Os resultados obtidos indicam que o aumento na altura dos enrijecedores transversais é mais relevante do que dos longitudinais, implicando em uma melhoria na resistência à deflexão da placa no que tange os deslocamentos máximos e centrais. Além disso, a geometria otimizada resultou em uma redução de 97,92% na deflexão máxima e 98,81% na deflexão central em relação à placa de referência.

Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), a eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) kinase, is critically important for coupling protein synthesis to heme availability in reticulocytes and adaptation to various environmental stressors in all cells. HRI modifies the severity of several hemoglobin misfolding disorders including β-thalassemia. Small molecule activators of HRI are essential for studying normal- and patho-biology of this kinase as well as for the treatment of various human disorders for which activation of HRI or phosphorylation of eIF2α may be beneficial. We previously reported development of 1-((1,4-trans)-4-aryloxycyclohexyl)-3-arylureas (cHAUs) as specific HRI activators and demonstrated their potential as molecular probes for studying HRI biology and as lead compounds for treatment of various human disorders. To develop more druglike cHAUs for in vivo studies and drug development and to expand the chemical space, we undertook bioassay guided structure–activity relationship studies replacing cyclohexyl ring with various 4-6-membered rings and explored further substitutions on the N-phenyl ring. We tested all analogs in the surrogate eIF2α phosphorylation and cell proliferation assays, and a subset of analogs in secondary mechanistic assays that included endogenous eIF2α phosphorylation and expression of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), a downstream effector. Finally, we determined specificity of these compounds for HRI by testing their anti-proliferative activity in cells transfected with siRNA targeting HRI or mock. These compounds have significantly improved cLogPs with no loss of potencies, making them excellent candidates for lead optimization for development of investigational new drugs that potently and specifically activate HRI.

Recent publications indicate that single-step models are suitable to estimate breeding values, dominance deviations and total genetic values with acceptable quality. Additive single-step methods implicitly extend known number of allele information from genotyped to non-genotyped animals. This theory is well derived in an additive setting. It was recently shown, at least empirically, that this basic strategy can be extended to dominance with reasonable prediction quality. Our study addressed two additional issues. It illustrated the theoretical basis for extension and validated genomic predictions to dominance based on single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction theory. This development was then extended to include inbreeding into dominance relationships, which is a currently not yet solved issue. Different parametrizations of dominance relationship matrices were proposed. Five dominance single-step inverse matrices were tested and described as C1 , C2 , C3 , C4 and C5 . Genotypes were simulated for a real pig population (n = 11,943 animals). In order to avoid any confounding issues with additive effects, pseudo-records including only dominance deviations and residuals were simulated. SNP effects of heterozygous genotypes were summed up to generate true dominance deviations. We added random noise to those values and used them as phenotypes. Accuracy was defined as correlation between true and predicted dominance deviations. We conducted five replicates and estimated accuracies in three sets: between all (S1 ), non-genotyped (S2 ) and inbred non-genotyped (S3 ) animals. Potential bias was assessed by regressing true dominance deviations on predicted values. Matrices accounting for inbreeding (C3 , C4 and C5 ) best fit. Accuracies were on average 0.77, 0.40 and 0.46 in S1 , S2 and S3 , respectively. In addition, C3 , C4 and C5 scenarios have shown better accuracies than C1 and C2 , and dominance deviations were less biased. Better matrix compatibility (accuracy and bias) was observed by re-scaling diagonal elements to 1 minus the inbreeding coefficient (C5 ).