2,404 results on '"Richard, Smith"'
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2. Requisitos uniformes para originais submetidos a Revistas Biomédicas
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Linda Hawes Clever, Lois Ann Colaianni, Frank Davidoff, Richard Glass, George Lundberg, Richard Horton, Magne Nylenna, Richard G. Robinson, Richard Smith, Bruce P. Squires, Robert Utiger, Martin VanDer Weyden, and Patricia Woolf
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General Engineering ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Um pequeno grupo de editores de revistas da área médica reuniu-se informalmente em Vancouver, Colúmbia Britânica, em 1978, para estabelecer diretrizes para o formato dos originais submetidos a suas revistas. Esse grupo ficou conhecido como o Grupo de Vancouver. Seus requisitos para apresentação de originais, que incluíam os formatos de referências bibliográficas desenvolvidos pela Biblioteca Nacional de Medicina (National Library of Medicine - NLM), foram publicados pela primeira vez em 1979. O Grupo de Vancouver se expandiu e evoluiu para o Comitê Internacional de Editores de Revistas Médicas (International Committee of Medical Journal Editors - ICMJE), que se reúne anualmente. Gradualmente, este comitê vem ampliando seus alvos de atenção. O comitê produziu quatro edições prévias dos requisitos uniformes. Ao longo dos anos, surgiram questões que vão além da preparação dos originais. Algumas delas são tratadas agora nos requisitos uniformes; outras são contempladas em pareceres separados. Cada parecer foi publicado em uma revista científica; todos estão reproduzidos no final deste artigo.
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- 2023
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3. Why China Cannot Decarbonise
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Richard Smith
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
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4. 3D generalized spherical multifocusing seismic imaging
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Hossein Jodeiri Akbari Fam, Mostafa Naghizadeh, Oz Yilmaz, and Richard Smith
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Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology - Abstract
We introduce a 3D generalized spherical multifocusing (GSMF) algorithm to generate a high-resolution 3D stacked volume that is equivalent to a synthesized 3D zero-offset wavefield for crooked-line/3D seismic data. The proposed algorithm can be applied to arbitrary recording geometry from areas with irregular topography, a complex near the surface, and complex subsurface. The 3D GSMF method simultaneously corrects for elevation statics, nonhyperbolic moveout associated with reflections beneath complex overburden structures, and azimuth-dependent dip-moveout effects. In addition, the formulation is dually generalized for the optical domain and the effective medium. The optical domain and effective medium parameterizations account for heterogeneity either by shifting the reference time to project the problem into the optical image space or by adjusting the velocity of an effective overburden, respectively. We test the performance of our method using 3D synthetic data with 3D and crooked-line surveys. The numerical tests have shown that the accuracy of the new approximation is significant for gently to highly curved interfaces beneath low to relatively high heterogeneous overburden with rugged topography, even at large offsets and midpoint separations. In addition, we rigorously evaluate the method using 3D real seismic data acquired over a complex thrust-belt area with rugged terrain. Compared with conventional 3D stacking, the new formulation yields a high resolution and accurate seismic stacked volume from land seismic data collected with arbitrary 3D geometries.
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- 2022
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5. How effectively might agricultural input subsidies improve nutrition? A case study of Malawi’s Farm Input Subsidy Programme (FISP)
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Helen Walls, Deborah Johnston, Mirriam Matita, Ephraim Chirwa, Jacob Mazalale, Matthew Quaife, Tayamika Kamwanja, and Richard Smith
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Development ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science - Published
- 2022
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6. Safety and Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccine at Completion of the Placebo-Controlled Phase of a Randomized Controlled Trial
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Paul T Heath, Eva P Galiza, David Neil Baxter, Marta Boffito, Duncan Browne, Fiona Burns, David R Chadwick, Rebecca Clark, Catherine A Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L Goodman, Amardeep Heer, Andrew Higham, Shalini Iyengar, Christopher Jeanes, Philip A Kalra, Christina Kyriakidou, Judy M Bradley, Chigomezgo Munthali, Angela M Minassian, Fiona McGill, Patrick Moore, Imrozia Munsoor, Helen Nicholls, Orod Osanlou, Jonathan Packham, Carol H Pretswell, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Dinesh Saralaya, Ray P Sheridan, Richard Smith, Roy L Soiza, Pauline A Swift, Emma C Thomson, Jeremy Turner, Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen, Louis Fries, Iksung Cho, Irene McKnight, Greg Glenn, E Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Katia Alves, Kathy Smith, and Seth Toback
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Microbiology (medical) ,Infectious Diseases - Abstract
Background The recombinant protein-based vaccine, NVX-CoV2373, demonstrated 89.7% efficacy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in a phase 3, randomized, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled trial in the United Kingdom. The protocol was amended to include a blinded crossover. Data to the end of the placebo-controlled phase are reported. Methods Adults aged 18–84 years received 2 doses of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo (1:1) and were monitored for virologically confirmed mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 (onset from 7 days after second vaccination). Participants who developed immunoglobulin G (IgG) against nucleocapsid protein but did not show symptomatic COVID-19 were considered asymptomatic. Secondary outcomes included anti-spike (S) IgG responses, wild-type virus neutralization, and T-cell responses. Results Of 15 185 participants, 13 989 remained in the per-protocol efficacy population (6989 NVX-CoV2373, 7000 placebo). At a maximum of 7.5 months (median, 4.5) postvaccination, there were 24 cases of COVID-19 among NVX-CoV2373 recipients and 134 cases among placebo recipients, a vaccine efficacy of 82.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73.3%–88.8%). Vaccine efficacy was 100% (95% CI, 17.9%–100.0%) against severe disease and 76.3% (95% CI, 57.4%–86.8%) against asymptomatic disease. High anti-S and neutralization responses to vaccination were evident, together with S-protein–specific induction of interferon-γ secretion in peripheral blood T cells. Incidence of serious adverse events and adverse events of special interest were similar between groups. Conclusions A 2-dose regimen of NVX-CoV2373 conferred a high level of ongoing protection against asymptomatic, symptomatic, and severe COVID-19 through >6 months postvaccination. A gradual decrease of protection suggests that a booster may be indicated. Clinical Trials Registration EudraCT, 2020-004123-16.
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- 2022
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7. Character education and the instability of virtue
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Richard Smith
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Philosophy ,History ,Education - Abstract
Character education in schools in England is flourishing. I give many examples of the enthusiasm for it as well as drawing attention to the UK government's new ambivalence towards it. Character education seems largely impervious to the many criticisms to which it has been subjected. I touch on these only briefly as my focus is on a criticism that has received little coverage. This is because the virtues on offer are unstable. They are best understood as sites on which we contest our understanding of what it is to be a good person rather than reach conclusive answers. There is support for this argument in Aristotle, notwithstanding its many oddities and those of some modern uses of his conception of the virtues. The proliferation of the virtues in the practice and theory of education today is, I suggest, a sign of weakness and not of strength, while the very instability of the virtues demands that they be continually discussed and debated. This places them at the heart of any vision of education worth having.
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- 2022
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8. Preoperative opioid use is associated with a more painful postoperative course after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty
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Daniel Smigielski, Chad Campion, David Bernholt, Richard Smith, Tyler Brolin, Frederick Azar, and Thomas Throckmorton
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Orthopedics and Sports Medicine ,Surgery - Published
- 2022
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9. Recommendations for procurement of starting materials by apheresis for advanced therapy medicinal products
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Lynn Manson, Jacqueline Barry, Chris Fong, Davina Potok, Di Sweeny, Dominic Reeks, Douglas Watson, Drew Hope, Elia Piccinini, Haili Cui, Helen Keane, Jennifer Armstrong, Joy Sinclair, Julie Guest, Justina Chuku, Maria Kerr, Natalie Francis, Neil Bell, Richard Smith, Rita Angelica, William Shingler, William Shingleton, and Marc Turner
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Cancer Research ,Transplantation ,Oncology ,Immunology ,Blood Component Removal ,Immunology and Allergy ,Cell Biology ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Activities involved in the production of certain advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) require standardized approaches to mononuclear cell procurement to ensure the highest product quality, safety and process efficiency. These aims must be achieved while meeting regulatory and accreditation requirements for the procurement of mononuclear cells as starting materials. Mononuclear cells constitute the starting materials for many ATMPs, and this article sets out recommendations for procurement by clinical apheresis, addressing the variation among existing working practices and different manufacturers' requirements that currently poses a challenge when managing multiple different protocols.
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- 2022
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10. Guidance on the use of complex systems models for economic evaluations of public health interventions
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Penny R. Breeze, Hazel Squires, Kate Ennis, Petra Meier, Kate Hayes, Nik Lomax, Alan Shiell, Frank Kee, Frank de Vocht, Martin O’Flaherty, Nigel Gilbert, Robin Purshouse, Stewart Robinson, Peter J Dodd, Mark Strong, Suzy Paisley, Richard Smith, Andrew Briggs, Lion Shahab, Jo‐An Occhipinti, Kenny Lawson, Thomas Bayley, Robert Smith, Jennifer Boyd, Visakan Kadirkamanathan, Richard Cookson, Monica Hernandez‐Alava, Christopher H. Jackson, Amanda Karapici, Franco Sassi, Peter Scarborough, Uwe Siebert, Eric Silverman, Luke Vale, Cathal Walsh, Alan Brennan, Breeze, Penny R [0000-0002-4189-8676], Squires, Hazel [0000-0002-2776-4014], Briggs, Andrew [0000-0002-0777-1997], Shahab, Lion [0000-0003-4033-442X], Hernandez-Alava, Monica [0000-0003-4474-5883], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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RESEARCH ARTICLE ,economic modeling ,Economics, Medical ,SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being ,Health Policy ,Cost-Benefit Analysis ,public health ,Humans ,Public Policy ,complex systems - Abstract
To help health economic modelers respond to demands for greater use of complex systems models in public health. To propose identifiable features of such models and support researchers to plan public health modeling projects using these models. A working group of experts in complex systems modeling and economic evaluation was brought together to develop and jointly write guidance for the use of complex systems models for health economic analysis. The content of workshops was informed by a scoping review. A public health complex systems model for economic evaluation is defined as a quantitative, dynamic, non-linear model that incorporates feedback and interactions among model elements, in order to capture emergent outcomes and estimate health, economic and potentially other consequences to inform public policies. The guidance covers: when complex systems modeling is needed; principles for designing a complex systems model; and how to choose an appropriate modeling technique. This paper provides a definition to identify and characterize complex systems models for economic evaluations and proposes guidance on key aspects of the process for health economics analysis. This document will support the development of complex systems models, with impact on public health systems policy and decision making.
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- 2023
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11. On Peter Fensham
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Richard Smith, Kathryn Paige, David Lloyd, Smith, Richard, Paige, Kathryn, and Lloyd, David
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Education - Published
- 2022
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12. Critical Assessment of Reaction Pathways for Next-Generation Biofuels from Renewable Resources: 5-Ethoxymethylfurfural
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Taishi Dowaki, Feng Shen, Richard Smith, Haixin Guo, and Xinhua Qi
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Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,General Chemical Engineering ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Chemistry - Published
- 2022
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13. Investigation of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infection: Learning outcomes from an investigative process in the initial phase of the pandemic
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Isobel Ramsay, Katherine Sharrocks, Ben Warne, Nyarie Sithole, Pooja Ravji, Rachel Bousfield, Nick Jones, Clare E Leong, Mohamed Suliman, Rachel Tsui, Michelle S Toleman, Christine Moody, Richard Smith, James Whitehorn, Theodore Gouliouris, Florentina Penciu, Christian Hofling, Chris Cunningham, David A Enoch, Elinor Moore, Ramsay, Isobel [0000-0002-9954-2023], Sharrocks, Katherine [0000-0002-0514-1772], Warne, Ben [0000-0003-1326-0373], Sithole, Nyarie [0000-0002-8020-223X], Ravji, Pooja [0000-0002-2878-5538], Bousfield, Rachel [0000-0001-7828-4048], Jones, Nick [0000-0003-4475-7761], Leong, Clare E [0000-0001-9075-1630], Suliman, Mohamed [0000-0002-5562-5628], Toleman, Michelle S [0000-0002-4656-3066], Whitehorn, James [0000-0003-0789-5954], Hofling, Christian [0000-0003-2951-7620], Cunningham, Chris [0000-0001-9145-673X], Enoch, David A [0000-0002-5433-0801], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
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Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,Infectious Diseases ,healthcare-associated infection ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,COVID-19 ,infection prevention and control ,gap analysis - Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated (HCA) SARS-CoV-2 infection is a significant contributor to the spread of the 2020 pandemic. Timely review of HCA cases is essential to identify learning to inform infection prevention and control (IPC) policies and organisational response. Aim To identify key areas for improvement through rapid investigation of HCA SARS-CoV-2 cases and to implement change. Methods Cases were identified based on date of first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR sample in relation to date of hospital admission. Cases were reviewed using a structured gap analysis tool to identify key learning points. These were discussed in weekly multidisciplinary meetings to gain consensus on learning outcomes, level of harm incurred by the patient and required actions. Learning was then promptly fed back to individual teams and the organisation. Findings Of the 489 SARS-CoV-2 cases admitted between 10th March and 23rd June 2020, 114 suspected HCA cases (23.3%) were reviewed; 58/489 (11.8%) were ultimately deemed to be HCA. Five themes were identified: individual patient vulnerability, communication, IPC implementation, policy issues and organisational response. Adaptations to policies based on these reviews were completed within the course of the initial phase of the pandemic. Conclusion This approach enabled timely learning and implementation of control measures and policy development.
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- 2022
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14. Call for Emergency Action to limit Global Temperature Increases, restore Biodiversity, and protect Health
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LUKOYE ATWOLI, ABDULLAH H. BAQUI, THOMAS BENFIELD, RAFFAELLA BOSURGI, FIONA GODLEE, STEPHEN HANCOCKS, RICHARD HORTON, LAURIE LAYBOURN-LANGTON, CARLOS AUGUSTO MONTEIRO, IAN NORMAN, KIRSTEN PATRICK, NIGEL PRAITIES, MARCEL GM OLDE RIKKERT, ERIC J. RUBIN, PEUSH SAHNI, RICHARD SMITH, NICK TALLEY, SUE TURALE, and DAMIÁN VÁZQUEZ
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General Medicine - Published
- 2022
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15. Sources of nurse‐sensitive inpatient safety improvement
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Linda Dynan and Richard Smith
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Venous Thrombosis ,Inpatients ,Health Policy ,Personnel Staffing and Scheduling ,Humans ,Bacteremia ,Nursing Staff, Hospital - Abstract
To examine the association of hospital expenditure with continuing nurse education and staffing on improvements in nurse-sensitive, patient-safety outcomes.Data obtained from 12-year (2007-2018) panel of Florida acute-care general hospitals.We assess the relationship of hospital expenditure on continuing nurse education and staffing on nurse-sensitive, patient-safety outcomes from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality: advanced-stage (stage 3 or 4) pressure injuries/ulcers, central venous catheter-related blood stream infection, and deep vein thrombosis. We attempt to mitigate expected omitted-variable bias by (1) exploiting the panel structure of our data, controlling for time and time-invariant hospital fixed effects and (2) incorporating measurable variables representing four unobserved hospital characteristics underlying hospital safety culture (organizational type, organizational structure, leadership, and market conditions) that are likely associated with both inpatient safety and our key determinants. We include two policy initiatives that took effect during the period under study.From our initial sample of 177 acute-care hospitals we exclude hospitals with missing variables or years of data. Our samples are a balanced panel of 150 acute-care hospitals (N = 1800) for pressure ulcer and catheter-related blood stream infection, and 143 hospitals (N = 1716) for deep vein thrombosis.A one standard deviation increase in nursing education-policy interaction is associated with a 16.6% (p 0.01) reduction in the rate of catheter-related blood stream infection and associated with an almost 5% (p 0.05) reduction in the rate of deep vein thrombosis; a one standard deviation increase in staffing per 1000 inpatient days is associated with a 68.5% reduction in pressure-ulcer rates: 31.4% from direct staffing (p 0.01) and 37.1% from policy-staffing interaction (p 0.01).Our findings suggest that there are tradeoffs between funding continuing education and training of existing staff and expanding staff to achieve patient safety objectives.
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- 2022
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16. Networked students gaming together: Mobile scavenger hunts for online classrooms
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Richard Smith and Nicole K. Stewart
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Communication ,Education - Published
- 2022
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17. Russian thistle (Salsola spp.) control in California rangelands over five years
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Devii R. Rao, Katherine Hovanes, Richard Smith, Josh Davy, and Elise S. Gornish
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Plant Science - Abstract
Russian thistle, also known as tumbleweed (Salsola spp.), is a problematic invasive plant found on natural and working landscapes. On a California rangeland, we tested the singular and interactive treatments of grazing, herbicide, and seeding to determine how these approaches might influence Salsola cover across a 5-yr experiment. Total Salsola cover declined by 3% annually during the study. A single spring treatment of chlorsulfuron + 2,4-D followed by glyphosate applied in the fall just before seeding, and then 2,4-D the following spring, significantly reduced Salsola cover compared with the untreated control. Seeded forage species cover increased over time and was significantly higher than seeded native species cover at 5 yr after seeding. However, the seeding treatment had no effect on Salsola cover. Although grazing did not reduce Salsola cover, due to the beneficial effects of grazing on reducing other nonnative species, this study supports the use of an integrated approach of herbicide application, grazing, and seeding to achieve management goals on an arid working landscape.
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- 2022
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18. Forward modeling and 3D inversion of electromagnetic data collected over the McArthur River uranium deposit in the Athabasca Basin, Canada
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Reza Mir, Peter Fullagar, Mehrdad Darijani, Richard Smith, Shawn Scott, Martin Ross, Pejman Shamsipour, Michel Chouteau, Kevin Ansdell, and Mohamed Gouiza
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Geophysics ,Geochemistry and Petrology - Abstract
Detection and assessment of the deeply buried high-grade uranium deposits in the Athabasca Basin rely on geophysical methods to map conductive rocks. Variable Quaternary surface cover can mask the anomalous signals from depth and affect the interpretation of inverted conductivity models. We present the analysis of several electromagnetic (EM) modeling studies and two field data sets to demonstrate the effects of varying Quaternary cover resistivity and thickness, on the ability to resolve the parameters of underlying sandstone, alteration, and basement conductors. Synthetic data, assuming a typical shallow EM sounding system and realistic resistivities found in the Athabasca Basin, indicate that resistivity and thickness parameters of the Quaternary cover can be separately recovered in cases in which this cover is more conductive than the underlying sandstone, but not when the cover is significantly more resistive. A 3D modeling study indicates that by using airborne EM data, it is possible to detect a basement conductor of 20 S at a depth of at least 600 m below the surface, even in the presence of Quaternary cover thickness variations of the up to 20% (40–60 m). Furthermore, although Quaternary cover variations and deeper sandstone alteration can produce comparable anomalous signal amplitudes in a time-domain EM response, their effects are most visible in distinctly separate time windows. Ground-penetrating radar and other data to characterize the Quaternary cover in the McArthur River area indicate that this cover consists mostly of sandy tills ranging in thickness from 0 to 117 m. Constrained 3D inversion of an airborne EM data set from the same area indicates basement conductors consistent with the depth and location of a known fault. Elevated conductivity in the sandstone by up to a factor of two over the background values could indicate possible alteration.
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- 2022
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19. The politics of distress
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Richard Smith
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Philosophy ,History ,Education - Published
- 2022
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20. Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of a COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) co-administered with seasonal influenza vaccines: an exploratory substudy of a randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial
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Seth Toback, Eva Galiza, Catherine Cosgrove, James Galloway, Anna L Goodman, Pauline A Swift, Sankarasubramanian Rajaram, Alison Graves-Jones, Jonathan Edelman, Fiona Burns, Angela M Minassian, Iksung Cho, Lakshmi Kumar, Joyce S Plested, E Joy Rivers, Andreana Robertson, Filip Dubovsky, Greg Glenn, Paul T Heath, Roy L. Soiza, Robin Brittain-Long, Chiara Scicluna, Carole Edwards, Lynn Mackay, Mariella D'Allesandro, Amy Nicol, Karen Norris, Sandra Mann, Heather Lawrence, Ruth Valentine, Marianne Elizabeth Viljoen, Carol H. Pretswell, Helen Nicholls, Imrozia Munsoor, Agnieszka Meyrick, Christina Kyriakidou, Shalini Iyengar, Arham Jamal, Nick Richards, Helen Price, Bridie Rowbotham, Danielle Bird, Karen Smith, Olga Littler, Kirsty Fielding, Anna Townsend-Rose, Karen Miller, Jessica Davis, Alison Elliot-Garwood, Lauren Trottier, Paul Edwards, Margaret McFarland, Orod Osanlou, Laura Longshaw, Jane Stockport, Lynne Grundy, Katharine Lucy Broad, Karen Regan, Kim Storton, Declan Ryan-Wakeling, Brad Wilson, Malathy Munisamy, John Wright, Anil Shenoy, Beverley English, Lucy Brear, Paola Cicconi, Marta Boffito, Ana Milinkovic, Ruth Byrne, Roya Movahedi, Rosalie Housman, Naveed Kara, Ellen Brown, Andrea Cipriani, Mary-Jane Attenburrow, Katharine A. Smith, Jonathan Packham, Geoff Sparrow, Richard Smith, Josephine M. Rosier, Khalid Saja, Nyasha Nago, Brian Camilleri, Anita Immanuel, Mike Hamblin, Rawlings Osagie, Mahalakshmi Mohan, Hilary Floyd, Suzanne Goddard, Sanjay Mutgi, John Evans, Sean McKeon, Neringa Vilimiene, Rosavic Chicano, Rachel Hayre, Alice Pandaan, Catherine Henshall, Sonia Serrano, Andrea Mazzella, Thurkka Rajeswaran, Moncy Mathew, Karen Bisnauthsing, Laura Bremner, Henry Fok, Franca Morselli, Paola Cinardo, Blair Merrick, Lucy Sowole, Samantha Broadhead, Natalie Palmer, Jessica Cordle, Jaimie Wilson Goldsmith, Enya Cooney, Beth Jackson, Thilina Jayatilleke, Zelda Cheng, Toby Helliwell, Adrian Chudyk, Rafaela Giemza, John Lord Villajin, Noah Yogo, Esther Makanju, Pearl Dulawan, Deepak Nagra, April Buazon, Alice Russell, Georgie Bird, Amardeep Heer, Rex Sarmiento, Balraj Sanghera, Melanie Mullin, Adam Champion, Aisling Bevan, Kinzah Iqbal, Alshia Johnson, Rebecca Clark, Sarah Shaw, Steven Shaw, Amanda Chalk, Martin Lovatt, Caroline Lillicrap, Angela Parker, Jan Hansel, Zhi Wong, Galvin Gan, Eyad Tuma, Jane Minton, Jennifer Murira, Razan Saman, Alistair Hall, Kyra Holliday, Zara Khan, James Calderwood, George Twigg, Helena Baker, Julie Corrigan, Katy Houseman, Subhra Raguvanshi, Dominic Heining, Jake Weddell, Liz Glaves, Kim Thompson, Francis Davies, Ruth Lambley Burke, Emma C. Thomson, Dinesh Saralaya, Lisa Berry, Nancy Hopewell, Leigh Gerdes, Mihaela Pacurar, Saul N. Faust, Jeremy Turner, Christopher Jeanes, Adele Cooper, Jocelyn Keshet-Price, Lou Coke, Melissa Cambell-Kelly, Ketan Dhatariya, Claire Williams, Georgina Marks, James Sudbury, Lisa Rodolico, Judy Bradley, Sharon Carr, Roisin Martin, Angelina Madden, Paul Biagioni, Sonia McKenna, Alison Clinton, Maurice O'Kane, Justin Carter, Matthew Dewhurst, Bill Wetherill, Thandiwe Hoggarth, Katrina Lennon Collins, Marie Chowdhury, Adil Nathoo, Anna Heinen, Orla MacDonald, Claudia Hurducas, Liliana Cifuentes, Harjeevan Gill, Andy Gibson, Raha West, Jane Ewing, Rachel Blacow, John Haughney, Jonathan MacDonald, John Paul Seenan, Stewart Webb, Colin O'Leary, Scott Muir, Beth White, Neil Ritchie, Daniel F. McAuley, Jonathan Stewart, Mariella D'Alessandro, Nicki Lakeman, Laura Purandare, Duncan Browne, David Tucker, Peter Luck, Angharad Everden, Lisa Trembath, Michael Visick, Nick Morley, Laura Reid, Helen Chenoweth, Kirsty Maclean, Ray P. Sheridan, Tom Burden, Craig Francis Lunt, Shirley Todd, Stephanie Estcourt, Jasmine Marie Pearce, Suzanne Wilkins, Cathryn Love-Rouse, Eva Torok-Pollok, Mike Youle, Sara Madge, Danielle Solomon, Aarti Nandani, Janet M. North, Nargis Hemat, Rachel Newport, Philip A. Kalra, Chukwuma Chukwu, Olivia Wickens, Vikki O'Loughlin, Hema Mistry, Louise Harrison, Robert Oliver, Anne-Marie Peers, Jess Zadik, Katie Doyle, David R. Chadwick, Kerry Colling, Caroline Wroe, Marie Branch, Alison Chilvers, Sarah Essex, Mark Stone, Alberto San Francisco Ramos, Emily Beales, Olivia Bird, Zsofia Danos, Hazel Fofie, Cecilia Hultin, Sabina Ikram, Fran Mabesa, Aoife Mescall, Josyanne Pereira, Jennifer Pearce, Natalina Sutton, Emma Snashall, David Neil Baxter, Sara Bennett, Debbie Suggitt, Kerry Hughes, Wiesia Woodyatt, Lynsey Beacon, Alissa Kent, Chris Cooper, Milan Rudic, Simon Tunstall, Matthew Jackson, Claire Hombersley, Patrick Moore, Rebecca Cutts, Andrew Higham, Marwan Bukhari, Mohamed Elnaggar, Michelle Glover, Fiona Richardson, Alexandra Dent, Shahzeb Mirza, Rajiv Ark, Jennie Han, Suzy V. Hope, Philip J. Mitchelmore, Rostam Osanlou, Andrew Freedman, Alison Cooper, Katherine Burton, Kashyap Katechia, Michael Barrett, Jo Salkeld, Natalie Hill, Nathaniel Lee, Jon Perkins, and Polly Fox
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Adult ,Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Trivalent influenza vaccine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,Adolescent ,Influenza vaccine ,Population ,Placebo ,Young Adult ,Immunogenicity, Vaccine ,Double-Blind Method ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,education ,Adverse effect ,Aged ,education.field_of_study ,Reactogenicity ,SARS-CoV-2 ,business.industry ,COVID-19 ,Articles ,Middle Aged ,Vaccine efficacy ,Vaccination ,Influenza Vaccines ,Seasons ,business - Abstract
Background The safety and immunogenicity profile of COVID-19 vaccines when administered concomitantly with seasonal influenza vaccines have not yet been reported. We therefore aimed to report the results of a substudy within a phase 3 UK trial, by evaluating the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 when co-administered with licensed seasonal influenza vaccines. Methods We did a planned exploratory substudy as part of the randomised, observer-blinded, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial of the safety and efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine (NVX-CoV2373) by co-administrating the influenza vaccine at four study hospitals in the UK. Approximately, the first 400 participants meeting the main study entry criteria—with no contraindications to influenza vaccination—were invited to join the substudy. Participants of the main study were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive two intramuscular injections of either NVX-CoV2373 (5 μg) or placebo (normal saline) 21 days apart; participants enrolled into the substudy were co-vaccinated with a single (0·5 mL) intramuscular, age-appropriate (quadrivalent influenza cell-based vaccine [Flucelvax Quadrivalent; Seqirus UK, Maidenhead] for those aged 18–64 years and adjuvanted trivalent influenza vaccine [Fluad; Seqirus UK, Maidenhead] for those ≥65 years), licensed, influenza vaccine on the opposite deltoid to that of the first study vaccine dose or placebo. The influenza vaccine was administered in an open-label manner and at the same time as the first study injection. Reactogenicity was evaluated via an electronic diary for 7 days after vaccination in addition to monitoring for unsolicited adverse events, medically attended adverse events, and serious adverse events. Immunogenicity was assessed with influenza haemagglutination inhibition and SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike protein IgG assays. Vaccine efficacy against PCR-confirmed, symptomatic COVID-19 was assessed in participants who were seronegative at baseline, received both doses of study vaccine or placebo, had no major protocol deviations affecting the primary endpoint, and had no confirmed cases of symptomatic COVID-19 from the first dose until 6 days after the second dose (per-protocol efficacy population). Immunogenicity was assessed in participants who received scheduled two doses of study vaccine, had a baseline sample and at least one post-vaccination sample, and had no major protocol violations before unmasking (per-protocol immunogenicity population). Reactogenicity was analysed in all participants who received at least one dose of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo and had data collected for reactogenicity events. Safety was analysed in all participants who received at least one dose of NVX-CoV2373 or placebo. Comparisons were made between participants of the substudy and the main study (who were not co-vaccinated for influenza). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT04583995. Findings Between Sept 28, 2020, and Nov 28, 2020, a total of 15 187 participants were randomised into the main phase 3 trial, of whom 15 139 received treatment (7569 received dose one of NVX-CoV2373 and 7570 received dose one of placebo). 431 participants were co-vaccinated with a seasonal influenza vaccine in the substudy (217 received NVX-CoV2373 plus the influenza vaccine and 214 received placebo plus the influenza vaccine). In general, the substudy participants were younger, more racially diverse, and had fewer comorbid conditions than those in the main study. Reactogenicity events were more common in the co-administration group than in the NVX-CoV2373 alone group: tenderness (113 [64·9%] of 174 vs 592 [53·3%] of 1111) or pain (69 [39·7%] vs 325 [29·3%]) at injection site, fatigue (48 [27·7%] vs 215 [19·4%]), and muscle pain (49 [28·3%] vs 237 [21·4%]). Incidences of unsolicited adverse events, treatment-related medically attended adverse events, and serious adverse events were low and balanced between the co-administration group and the NVX-CoV2373 alone group. No episodes of anaphylaxis or deaths were reported within the substudy. Co-administration resulted in no change to influenza vaccine immune response although a reduction in antibody responses to the NVX-CoV2373 vaccine was noted. NVX-CoV2373 vaccine efficacy in the substudy (ie, participants aged 18 to
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21. Lichen substances are more important for photoprotection in sun than shade collections of lichens from the same species
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Nqobile Truelove Ndhlovu, Farida Minibayeva, Francois Richard Smith, and Richard Peter Beckett
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Plant Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Published
- 2023
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22. Combustion Characteristics of Low DCN Synthetic Aviation Fuel, IPK, in a High Compression Ignition Indirect Injection Research Engine
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Valentin Soloiu, Amanda Weaver, Richard Smith, Aidan Rowell, John Mcafee, and James Willis
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The Coal-To-Liquid (CTL) synthetic aviation fuel, Iso-Paraffinic Kerosene (IPK), was studied for ignition delay, combustion delay, pressure trace, pressure rise rate, apparent heat release rate in an experimental single cylinder indirect injection (IDI) compression ignition engine and a constant volume combustion chamber (CVCC). Autoignition characteristics for neat IPK, neat Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD), and a blend of 50%IPK and 50% ULSD were determined in the CVCC and the effects of the autoignition quality of each fuel were determined also in an IDI engine. ULSD was found to have a Derived Cetane Number (DCN) of 47 for the batch used in this experimentation. IPK was found to have a DCN of 25.9 indicating that is has a lower affinity for autoignition, and the blend fell between the two at 37.5. Additionally, it was found that the ignition delay for IPK in the CVCC was 5.3 ms and ULSD was 3.56 ms. This increase in ignition delay allowed the accumulation of fuel in the combustion chamber when running with IPK that resulted in detonation of the premixed air and fuel found to cause high levels of Ringing Intensity (RI) when running neat IPK indicated by the 60% increase in Peak Pressure Rise Rate (PPRR) when compared to ULSD at the same load. An emissions analysis was conducted at 7 bar Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) for ULSD and the blend of 50% ULSD and 50% IPK. With the addition of 50% IPK by mass, there was found to be a reduction in the NOx, CO2, with a slight increase in the CO in g/kWh.
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- 2023
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23. Supplementary Methods from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Methods from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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- 2023
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24. Supplementary Data 2 from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Data 2 from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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- 2023
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25. Data from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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A number of solid tumors, such as alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and myxoid liposarcoma, are associated with recurrent translocation events that encode fusion proteins. Ewing's sarcoma is a pediatric tumor that serves as a prototype for this tumor class. Ewing's sarcomas usually harbor the (11;22)(q24;q12) translocation. The t(11;22) encodes the EWS/FLI fusion oncoprotein. EWS/FLI functions as an aberrant transcription factor, but the key target genes that are involved in oncogenesis are largely unknown. Although some target genes have been defined, many of these have been identified in heterologous model systems with uncertain relevance to the human disease. To understand the function of EWS/FLI and its targets in a more clinically relevant system, we used retroviral-mediated RNAi to “knock-down” the fusion protein in patient-derived Ewing's sarcoma cell lines. By combining transcriptional profiling data from three of these lines, we identified a conserved transcriptional response to EWS/FLI. The gene that was most reproducibly up-regulated by EWS/FLI was NR0B1. NR0B1 is a developmentally important orphan nuclear receptor with no previously defined role in oncogenesis. We validated NR0B1 as an EWS/FLI-dysregulated gene and confirmed its expression in primary human tumor samples. Functional studies revealed that ongoing NR0B1 expression is required for the transformed phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma. These studies define a new role for NR0B1 in oncogenic transformation and emphasize the utility of analyzing the function of EWS/FLI in Ewing's sarcoma cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2006;4(11):851–7)
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- 2023
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26. Supplementary Data 1 from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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RES file
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27. Supplementary Data 3 from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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CLS file
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28. Supplementary article from NR0B1 Is Required for the Oncogenic Phenotype Mediated by EWS/FLI in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Cancer Cell article reference
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- 2023
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29. Supplementary Data 1 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Edward R.B. McCabe, Anita K. Iyer, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Data 1 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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30. Supplementary Table 3 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Edward R.B. McCabe, Anita K. Iyer, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Table 3 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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31. Supplementary Table 1 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Edward R.B. McCabe, Anita K. Iyer, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Table 1 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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32. Supplementary Table 4 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Edward R.B. McCabe, Anita K. Iyer, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Table 4 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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33. Data from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Edward R.B. McCabe, Anita K. Iyer, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Most Ewing's sarcomas harbor chromosomal translocations that encode fusions between EWS and ETS family members. The most common fusion, EWS/FLI, consists of an EWSR1-derived strong transcriptional activation domain fused, in-frame, to the DNA-binding domain–containing portion of FLI1. EWS/FLI functions as an aberrant transcription factor to regulate genes that mediate the oncogenic phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma. One of these regulated genes, NR0B1, encodes a corepressor protein, and likely plays a transcriptional role in tumorigenesis. However, the genes that NR0B1 regulates and the transcription factors it interacts with in Ewing's sarcoma are largely unknown. We used transcriptional profiling and chromatin immunoprecipitation to identify genes that are regulated by NR0B1, and compared these data to similar data for EWS/FLI. Although the transcriptional profile overlapped as expected, we also found that the genome-wide localization of NR0B1 and EWS/FLI overlapped as well, suggesting that they regulate some genes coordinately. Further analysis revealed that NR0B1 and EWS/FLI physically interact. This protein-protein interaction is likely to be relevant for the development of Ewing's sarcoma because mutations in NR0B1 that disrupt the interaction have transcriptional consequences and also abrogate oncogenic transformation. Taken together, these data suggest that EWS/FLI and NR0B1 physically interact, coordinately modulate gene expression, and mediate the transformed phenotype of Ewing's sarcoma. [Cancer Res 2009;69(23):9047–55]
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34. Supplementary Table 2 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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Stephen L. Lessnick, Edward R.B. McCabe, Anita K. Iyer, Richard Smith, and Michelle Kinsey
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Supplementary Table 2 from EWS/FLI and Its Downstream Target NR0B1 Interact Directly to Modulate Transcription and Oncogenesis in Ewing's Sarcoma
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35. Author Reply to Peer Reviews of Morphogenesis of Drosophila Larval Histoblasts Proceeds through Buckling of their Apical Junctions
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Annafrancesca Rigato, Huicheng Meng, Adam Runion, Faris Abouakil, Richard Smith, and Loïc Le Goff
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- 2023
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36. Applying the framework to study climate-induced extremes on food, energy, and water systems (C-FEWS): The role of engineered and natural infrastructures, technology, and environmental management in the United States Northeast and Midwest
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Charles J. Vörösmarty, Jerry M. Melillo, Donald J. Wuebbles, Atul K. Jain, Amy W. Ando, Mengye Chen, Seth Tuler, Richard Smith, David Kicklighter, Fabio Corsi, Balazs Fekete, Ariel Miara, Hussain H. Bokhari, Joseph. Chang, Tzu-Shun Lin, Nico Maxfield, Swarnali Sanyal, and Jiaqi Zhang
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General Environmental Science - Abstract
Change to global climate, including both its progressive character and episodic extremes, constitutes a critical societal challenge. We apply here a framework to analyze Climate-induced Extremes on the Food, Energy, Water System Nexus (C-FEWS), with particular emphasis on the roles and sensitivities of traditionally-engineered (TEI) and nature-based (NBI) infrastructures. The rationale and technical specifications for the overall C-FEWS framework, its component models and supporting datasets are detailed in an accompanying paper (Vörösmarty et al., this issue). We report here on initial results produced by applying this framework in two important macro-regions of the United States (Northeast, NE; Midwest, MW), where major decisions affecting global food production, biofuels, energy security and pollution abatement require critical scientific support. We present the essential FEWS-related hypotheses that organize our work with an overview of the methodologies and experimental designs applied. We report on initial C-FEWS framework results using five emblematic studies that highlight how various combinations of climate sensitivities, TEI-NBI deployments, technology, and environmental management have determined regional FEWS performance over a historical time period (1980–2019). Despite their relative simplicity, these initial scenario experiments yielded important insights. We found that FEWS performance was impacted by climate stress, but the sensitivity was strongly modified by technology choices applied to both ecosystems (e.g., cropland production using new cultivars) and engineered systems (e.g., thermoelectricity from different fuels and cooling types). We tabulated strong legacy effects stemming from decisions on managing NBI (e.g., multi-decade land conversions that limit long-term carbon sequestration). The framework also enabled us to reveal how broad-scale policies aimed at a particular net benefit can result in unintended and potentially negative consequences. For example, tradeoff modeling experiments identified the regional importance of TEI in the form wastewater treatment and NBI via aquatic self-purification. This finding, in turn, could be used to guide potential investments in point and/or non-point source water pollution control. Another example used a reduced complexity model to demonstrate a FEWS tradeoff in the context of water supply, electricity production, and thermal pollution. Such results demonstrated the importance of TEI and NBI in jointly determining historical FEWS performance, their vulnerabilities, and their resilience to extreme climate events. These infrastructures, plus technology and environmental management, constitute the “policy levers” which can actively be engaged to mitigate the challenge of contemporary and future climate change.
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- 2023
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37. Genetic control of cell layer interactions in plants via tissue mechanics
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Robert Kelly-Bellow, Karen Lee, Richard Kennaway, Elaine Barclay, Annabel Whibley, Claire Bushell, Jamie Spooner, Man Yu, Paul Brett, Baldeep Kular, Shujing Cheng, Jinfang Chu, Ting Xu, Brendan Lane, James Fitzsimons, Yongbiao Xue, Richard Smith, Christopher D. Whitewoods, and Enrico Coen
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Plant development depends on coordination of growth between different cell layers. Coordination may be mediated by molecular signalling or mechanical connectivity between cells, but evidence for genetic control via direct mechanics has been lacking. We show that a brassinosteroid-deficient dwarf mutant of the aquatic plantUtricularia gibbahas twisted internal tissue, likely caused by a mechanical constraint from a slow-growing epidermis creating tissue stresses. This conclusion is supported by showing that inhibition of brassinosteroid action in anArabidopsismutant compromised for cell adhesion, enhances epidermal crack formation, an indicator of increased tissue tension. Thus, genes driving brassinosteroid synthesis can promote growth of internal tissue by reducing mechanical epidermal constraint, showing that tissue mechanics plays a key role in coordinating growth between cell layers.One-Sentence SummaryInternal twists in a mutant carnivorous plant reveal how genes control growth via tissue mechanics.
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- 2023
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38. The C-FEWS framework: Supporting studies of climate-induced extremes on food, energy, and water systems at the regional scale
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Charles J. Vörösmarty, Jerry M. Melillo, Donald J. Wuebbles, Atul K. Jain, Amy W. Ando, Mengye Chen, Seth Tuler, Richard Smith, David Kicklighter, Fabio Corsi, Balazs Fekete, Ariel Miara, Hussain H. Bokhari, Joseph Chang, Tzu-Shun Lin, Nico Maxfield, Swarnali Sanyal, Jiaqi Zhang, and Daniel Vignoles
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General Environmental Science - Abstract
Climate change continues to challenge food, energy, and water systems (FEWS) across the globe and will figure prominently in shaping future decisions on how best to manage this nexus. In turn, traditionally engineered and natural infrastructures jointly support and hence determine FEWS performance, their vulnerabilities, and their resilience in light of extreme climate events. We present here a research framework to advance the modeling, data integration, and assessment capabilities that support hypothesis-driven research on FEWS dynamics cast at the macro-regional scale. The framework was developed to support studies on climate-induced extremes on food, energy, and water systems (C-FEWS) and designed to identify and evaluate response options to extreme climate events in the context of managing traditionally engineered (TEI) and nature-based infrastructures (NBI). This paper presents our strategy for a first stage of research using the framework to analyze contemporary FEWS and their sensitivity to climate drivers shaped by historical conditions (1980–2019). We offer a description of the computational framework, working definitions of the climate extremes analyzed, and example configurations of numerical experiments aimed at evaluating the importance of individual and combined driving variables. Single and multiple factor experiments involving the historical time series enable two categories of outputs to be analyzed: the first involving biogeophysical entities (e.g., crop production, carbon sequestered, nutrient and thermal pollution loads) and the second reflecting a portfolio of services provided by the region’s TEI and NBI, evaluated in economic terms. The framework is exercised in a series of companion papers in this special issue that focus on the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States. Use of the C-FEWS framework to simulate historical conditions facilitates research to better identify existing FEWS linkages and how they function. The framework also enables a next stage of analysis to be pursued using future scenario pathways that will vary land use, technology deployments, regulatory objectives, and climate trends and extremes. It also supports a stakeholder engagement effort to co-design scenarios of interest beyond the research domain.
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- 2023
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39. The impact of COVID-19 on the motivations of women seeking a uterus transplant
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Saaliha Vali, Benjamin P Jones, Srdjan Saso, and J Richard Smith
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Biotechnology - Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the change if any, in the motivations of women seeking a UTx and determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A cross-sectional survey. Results: 59% of women answered they were more motivated in achieving a pregnancy following the COVID-19 pandemic. 80% strongly agreed or agreed the pandemic had no impact on their motivation for a UTx, and 75% strongly agreed or agreed their desire for a baby strongly outweighs the risks of undergoing a UTx during a pandemic. Conclusion: Women continue to express a high level of motivation and desire for a UTx despite the risks imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
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40. Decentring ELT: teacher associations as agents of change
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Darío Luis Banegas, Deborah Bullock, Richard Kiely, Kuchah Kuchah, Amol Padwad, Richard Smith, and Martin Wedell
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Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Language and Linguistics ,Education - Abstract
In 2018, the A.S. Hornby Educational Trust launched its ‘Decentring ELT’ initiative, with the aim of identifying, publicizing, and supporting ways in which English language educators in low- and middle-income countries work locally and collaboratively to develop activities that respond to their particular circumstances. This article aims to explore the notion of ‘decentring’ in ELT by means of a provisional characterization and by presenting examples of activities carried out by ELT teacher associations in Africa, Latin America, and South Asia which involve: localization/devolution; encouragement of success-sharing; support for teacher research; investigation of members’ needs and/or capabilities; and/or attempts to bring about wider change. On the basis of feedback received so far on our provisional characterization of decentring, we end by highlighting some ways in which this notion, and outside support for it, may need to be not only extended but also problematized and critiqued.
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- 2021
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41. Access Control Conflicts in Information Technology and Operational Technology
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Robert Kemp and Richard Smith
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Access controls are a key area for any security program. However, the recommended access controls cannot always be implemented across the entire organisations. This is the case within critical infrastructure organisations that have both Information Technology and Operational Technology assets where many of the controls cannot be implemented on Operational Technology. Also, safety is a key concern for critical infrastructure organisations which is not always the case with many standard commercial organisations. This means the access controls while maintaining security must not impact safety which can occur if considerations are not given to Operational Technology and safety objectives. This paper will provide ways to manage the conflicts and issues that can occur and provide a process to allow critical infrastructure organisations to implement the required controls without impacting safety and security.
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- 2021
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42. Uterus Transplantation: A 50-Year Journey
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Saaliha Vali, Benjamin P. Jones, Srdjan Saso, Joseph Yazbek, Isabel Quiroga, and JAMES RICHARD Smith
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Uterus ,Animals ,Humans ,Obstetrics and Gynecology ,Female ,Fertilization in Vitro ,Infertility, Female ,Tissue Donors ,Pelvis - Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the last 50 years of uterus transplantation (UTx). Animal research on UTx began in the 1960s, aiming to solve tubal factor infertility. The success of in vitro fertilization shifted the focus onto uterine factor infertility. Early research in small and large animals improved following the advent of immunosuppression and established the uterus' ability to tolerate cold ischemia and to function following vessel reanastamosis. Upon the achievement of the first live birth following UTx in 2014, human research has started to focus on reducing donor morbidity, optimal immunosuppression regimes, and the development of deceased donor UTx programmes.
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- 2021
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43. Nitrogen mineralization from organic fertilizers and composts: Literature survey and model fitting
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Michael Cahn, Daniel Geisseler, Richard Smith, and Joji Muramoto
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Environmental Engineering ,Nitrogen ,Compost ,Feather meal ,Composting ,fungi ,Amendment ,food and beverages ,Mineralization (soil science) ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,engineering.material ,complex mixtures ,Pollution ,Manure ,Soil ,Animal science ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Fertilizers ,Literature survey ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Nitrogen cycle ,Vermicompost ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
Organic fertilizers and composts are valuable sources of nutrients. However, their nutrient availability is often not known and can be variable. The objective of the present study was to collect net nitrogen (N) turnover data from peer-reviewed articles and fit a model that simulates gross N mineralization and gross N immobilization to determine pool sizes and their rate constants of different common organic amendments. A total of 113 datasets were included in the study. The model predicted that 61 and 72.5% of total N in feather meal and guano, respectively, would be in the mineral form after 100 d under optimal conditions. Nitrogen availability from poultry manure and poultry manure compost was lower. On average, 16-17% of total N was present as mineral N in the materials, whereas at the end of the 100-d simulation, 39.6 and 32.7% of total N from an average poultry manure and its compost, respectively, were in the mineral form. Yard waste compost and vermicompost are stable materials, with
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- 2021
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44. SCIPS: A serious game using a guidance mechanic to scaffold effective training for cyber security
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Stuart O'Connor, Simon Colreavy-Donnelly, Salim Hasshu, James Bielby, Stefan Kuhn, Richard Smith, and Fabio Caraffini
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Simulations ,Cooperative learning ,Information Systems and Management ,Process (engineering) ,Computer science ,Computer security ,computer.software_genre ,Theoretical Computer Science ,Incident training ,Artificial Intelligence ,Point (typography) ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Serious Games ,Critical infrastructure protection ,Collaborative learning ,Focus group ,Computer Science Applications ,Control and Systems Engineering ,The Conceptual Framework ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer ,Software - Abstract
The file attached to this record is the author's final peer reviewed version. The Publisher's final version can be found by following the DOI link. Training effective simulation scenarios presents numerous challenges from a pedagogical point of view. Through application of the Conceptual Framework for e-Learning and Training (COFELET) as a pattern for designing serious games, we propose the use of the Simulated Critical Infrastructure Protection Scenarios (SCIPS) platform as a prospective tool for supporting the process of providing effective cyber security training. The SCIPS platform is designed to run different scenarios, such as examples in financial forecasting and business infrastructures, with an initial scenario developed in collaboration with industrial partners focusing on an electricity generation plant. Focus groups from these sources were conducted to identify design and developmental considerations for the platform. As an extension from the COFELET framework, we propose an intelligence scaffolding practice as a guidance mechanic taking the form of an agent within the scenario. The agent represents a major innovation in the system and we envisage a deep learning-based augmentation to further adapt towards the behavioural aspects of learners.
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- 2021
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45. Engagement and proposed changes
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Richard Smith
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- 2023
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46. Foreword
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Richard Smith
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- 2023
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47. Case study: A relationalism exemplar
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Richard Smith
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- 2023
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48. Foreword
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Richard Smith
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- 2023
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49. The case for relationalism
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Richard Smith
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- 2023
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50. Foreword
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Richard Smith
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- 2023
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