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[Background] It has been suggested that exposure to Childhood Trauma [CT] may play a role in the risk of obesity in Early Psychosis [EP] patients; however, whether this is independently of age at exposure to CT and the medication profile has yet to be investigated., [Methods] 113 EP-patients aged 18–35 were recruited from the Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program [TIPP-Lausanne]. Body Mass Index [BMI], Weight Gain [WG] and Waist Circumference [WC] were measured prospectively at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 6 and 12 months of weight gain inducing psychotropic treatment. Patients were classified as Early-Trauma and Late-Trauma if the exposure had occurred before age 12 or between ages 12 and 16 respectively. Generalized Linear Mixed-Models were adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, baseline BMI, medication and for diagnosis of depression., [Results] Late-Trauma patients, when compared to Non-Trauma patients showed greater WCs during the follow-up [p = 0.013]. No differences were found in any of the other follow-up measures., [Conclusions] Exposition to CT during adolescence in EP-patients treated with psychotropic medication is associated with greater WC during the early phase of the disease. Further investigation exploring mechanisms underlying the interactions between peripubertal stress, corticoids responsiveness and a subsequent increase of abdominal adiposity is warranted., This work represents an independent research part supported by the The Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 320030_135736/1 to P.C. and K.Q.D., no 320030-120686, 324730-144064 and 320030-173211 to C.B.E and PC and no 171804 to LA), the National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) “SYNAPSY - The Synaptic Bases of Mental Diseases” from the Swiss National Science Foundation (n° 51NF40-158776) The Damm-Etienne and Alamaya Foundation were supporting the recruitment as well as the phenotyping (including psychopathology, neurocognition and neurobiological biomarkers) of our early psychosis patients cohort).

In this paper, using commutative algebra, then new and significant advances on the compactifications of topological spaces, especially on the Stone-\v{C}ech and Alexandroff compactifications have been made. Especially among them, it is proved that the minimal spectrum of the direct product of a family of integral domains and also the maximal spectrum of the direct product of a family of local rings both indexed by a set $X$ are the Stone-\v{C}ech compactifications of the discrete space $X$. Some applications of this study are given. Especially, it is shown that the Stone-\v{C}ech compactification of an arbitrary topological space $X$ is obtained from the Stone-\v{C}ech compactification of the discrete space $X$ by passing to a its certain quotient. A natural and simple way to construct ultra-rings is introduced, then this new approach is used to obtain nontrivial results on the Stone-\v{C}ech compactification., Comment: 19 pages

Background: Information Technology (IT) had innovations in the health sector that could facilitate the performance of the health service providers. Because of its sensitivity the emergency department should be organized appropriately and the process of service provision in this department should be precisely defined and determined to provide better services to patients with effective management. Hospitals performance indicators as well as are the most important tools to show the function of this department, which should be examined regularly and during the specified period. The aim of this study was, first, to identify the emergency department performance indicators and second, to determine the impact of IT on these indicators. Method: This study was unsystematic-review study. The literature was searched of libraries, books, conference proceedings, data bank, and also search engines available at Google, Google scholar. In our searches, we employed the following keywords and their combinations: indicator, performance, evaluation, emergency and IT in the searching areas of title, keywords, abstract, and full text. In this study, more than 100 articles and reports were collected and 34 of them were selected based on their relevancy. Results: According to the survey, it was observed that some of the indicators mentioned in the articles were common. A number of indicators include waiting time, Length of triage, Length of Visit, ED Length of Stay, ED admissions, Number of Tests and Images Ordered, ED Mortality and Percentage of unsuccessful CPR. Also the literature review showed that health information systems could have an impact on increasing the efficiency of the emergency department. Conclusion: Checking the performance indicators are one of the most important duties of the emergency department and hospital manager that can help them to evaluate the emergency department and followed its status in terms of planning or scientific researches. These indicators are also used to predict the trend of works in the emergency departments.

Meningitis is one of the hazardous and life threatening infections and is associated with mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study was to determine etiological agents of childhood bacterial meningitis. The culture, Gram staining, agglutination and PCR assays were used to examine CSF specimens from 277 patients with presumed bacterial meningitis for the occurrence of 4 most common infectious agents consist of N. meningitis, H. influnsae, S. pneumoniae and S. agalactiae between 2008 and 2009 at different wards of the Children Hospital of Tabriz. The mean age of patients was 35±2 (Mean±SEM) month, (minimum 11 days maximum14 years), of all cases 59.6% male and 40.4% female. Overall the diagnosis was confirmed with a CSF culture in 11/277 (3.97%), by agglutination test in 14/277 (5.05%). The isolated bacteria included S. pneumoniae 5 cases, H. influnsae 2 cases, N. meningitis 3 cases and P. aeroginusae 1 case. A positive PCR assay allowed us to diagnose bacterial meningitis in 19 patients (6.8%). In the present study, we found PCR to be a useful and sensitive method for the detection of bacterial DNA in the CSF samples from suspected meningitis patients. Furthermore, to maximize management of meningitis cases, a combination of culture and PCR is necessary.

Aim In this study, we report the effect of the essential oil of Rosa Damascena on human colon cancer cell line (SW742) and human fibroblast cells. Background Colon cancer is the second most common fatal malignancy. Owing to the existence of many side effects and problems related to common treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, alternative treatments are being investigated. Some herbal medicines have shown promising results against different types of cancers. Herbal medicines used have included the use naturally occurring essential oils. Patients and methods The essential oil of Rosa Damascena was obtained by distillation and its effect on SW742 cell-line and fibroblast cells were investigated with cell culture. The cells were cultured and different volumes of essential oil were induced to the cells. After48hincubation, cell survival was measured and using statistical analysis, the findings were evaluated and reported. Results This study showed that soluble part of Rosa Damascena oil increases cell proliferation in high volumes and the non-soluble component decreases cell proliferation. Conclusion The effects of essential oils, such as Rosa Damascena, on cell proliferation require more thorough investigation.

Background: Metabolic side effects induced by psychotropic drugs represent a major health issue in psychiatry. CREB-regulated transcription coactivator 1 (CRTC1) gene plays a major role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and epigenetic mechanisms may explain its association with obesity features previously described in psychiatric patients. This prospective study included 78 patients receiving psychotropic drugs that induce metabolic disturbances, with weight and other metabolic parameters monitored regularly. Methylation levels in 76 CRTC1 probes were assessed before and after 1 month of psychotropic treatment in blood samples. Results: Significant methylation changes were observed in three CRTC1 CpG sites (i.e., cg07015183, cg12034943, and cg 17006757) in patients with early and important weight gain (i.e., equal or higher than 5% after 1 month; FDR p value = 0.02). Multivariable models showed that methylation decrease in cg12034943 was more important in patients with early weight gain (>= 5%) than in those who did not gain weight (p = 0.01). Further analyses combining genetic and methylation data showed that cg12034943 was significantly associated with early weight gain in patients carrying the G allele of rs4808844A>G (p = 0.03), a SNP associated with this methylation site (p = 0.03). Conclusions: These findings give new insights on psychotropic-induced weight gain and underline the need of future larger prospective epigenetic studies to better understand the complex pathways involved in psychotropic-induced metabolic side effects.

Background Oral Lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic lesion of the oral mucosa with unknown origin. Basement membrane changes are common in OLP and may be mediated by proteases such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) and mast cell chymase. The aim of our study was to evaluate the level of serum MMP-3 in OLP com­pared to normal individuals and assess its clinical significance. Methods Thirty four serum samples from patients diagnosed with OLP (12 males, 22 females, age: 42.2±10.8 years) and 34 serum samples from healthy control subjects (11 males, 23 females, age: 42.5±13.3 years) were collected and MMP-3 concentration was measured by ELISA. Results The serum MMP-3 level in OLP patients was higher (21.64±24.31 ng/ml) compared with healthy con­trols (16.52±23.63 ng/ml), but showed no statistically significant difference. A statistically significant difference was demonstrated between the two types of OLP, being more pronounced in the erosive/atrophic form 6). Conclusion The different clinical appearances of OLP are associated with significant differences in MMP-3 serum level.

Introduction: The need for food produced from animal husbandry has made it a growing industry which result in increment of livestock waste. On the basis of environmental and economic considerations, these materials require treatment and management. Anaerobic digestion and creation of biogas are the most effective methods of waste management. Several parameters affect the anaerobic digestion of animal wastes which should be studied in order to optimize the biogas production of reactors. Materials and Methods: The parameters affecting the performance of anaerobic processes in different scientific databases within 1984 -2016 were searched and related information were obtained. Results: A wide range of reactors with retention times of 0.5 to 140 days and organic loading rates from 0.11 to 7.5 grams per liter of organic matter in a day were studied based on the Volatile Solid (VS) in different temperature range. Also, studies conducted on mixing, co-digestion, changes in pH and ammonia content of the substrate, C/N ratio, as well as the effect of chemical interference were investigated. Conclusion: High COD removal decrease of VS were achieved in the range of 80-95 % and 65- 92 % respectively in bioreactors. The produced methane was also 48 mmol L-1 to 4681.3 m3 per month for reactors with a volume of 120 ml to 1330 m3 achieved respectively at 37 and 55˚C from the Mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. Results summarized on the physical and chemical conditions in this paper, can be used to study the effective parameters and optimize conditions used in biogas production.

In recent studies, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been increasingly employed to treat various diseases like pulmonary fibrosis (PF). There are very few MSCs in tissues so in order to obtain their sufficient numbers for therapeutic applications, their in vitro expansion is necessary. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term culture of the human umbilical cord vein MSCs (hUCV-MSCs) on pulmonary fibrosis in mice. MSCs were first isolated from human umbilical cord vein and cultured up to 18 passages. In C57BL/6 mice, 15 min after belomycin instillation, UCV-MSCs at passages (P) 0, 4, 8, 12, and 18 (long-term culture) were transplanted intratracheally. Mice were weighted every 5 days and were euthanized on day 21. For histopathological examination, the lung sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson’s trichrome. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type I alpha 1 (COL1A1) in lung tissues were assessed using RT-PCR. For cell tracking, human cytochrome B DNA was detected in mice lung tissues by PCR. The weight of mice receiving long-term culture of UCV-MSCs increased compared to other mice (p=0.056). Also, transplantation of UCV-MSCs at P18 led to increased alveolar space and decreased connective tissue and collagen deposition of the lung tissues. The mRNA expression of TGF-β1, α-SMA, and COL1A1 also decreased in this group. The results showed that intratracheally transplanted long-term culture of the UCV-MSCs attenuated lung fibrosis in mice.

Background: Enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells have an important role in the gastric tissues. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) colonization has effect on function and the number of these cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 20-weeks Helicobacter pylori colonization on ECL and gastrin (G) positive cells in rat gastric tissues. Methods: 10 rats were divided equally in two experimental and control groups. Then, Helicobacter pylori or phosphate buffered saline (PBS) were gavaged to experimental and control groups three times a week for 20 weeks, respectively. Bacterial colonization and histopathological features of gastric tissues were examined with hematoxylin-eosin and Giemsa stains. ECL and G cells were investigated in gastric tissues with silver staining and immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. Findings: After 20 weeks of gavage, Helicobacter pylori colonization was seen in the gastric tissues. Histopathological changes including epithelial disorganization, epithelial vacuolization, lamina propria and epithelium irregularities in the experimental group were seen. Silver staining showed that the mean number of ECL cells was 11.76 ± 1.79 and 8.35 ± 1.34 cells/volume unit in experimental and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Immunohistochemistry staining showed that mean number of G cells was 6.74 ± 1.21 and 3.65 ± 0.08 cells/volume unit in experimental and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that colonization of Helicobacter pylori induces epithelial disorganization and vacuolization, lamina propria and epithelium irregularities in gastric tissues and also increases the number of ECL and G cells in these tissues.

Background and Objectives: The prevalence of multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the main reason of new drugs resurgence such as colistin. The main objectives of this study were to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and the rate of colistin resistance along with its correlation with overexpression of MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM efflux pumps among P. aeruginosa isolates. Materials and Methods: Hundred clinical isolates were collected from 100 patients during 6 months in 2014. Susceptibility to the eight antibiotics was investigated using Kirby-Bauer and agar dilution methods. The Quantitative Real-time PCR was used to determine the expression levels of efflux genes. Results: Resistance rates to various antibiotics were as follows: ticarcillin (73%), ciprofloxacin (65%), aztreonam (60%), ceftazidime (55%), gentamicin (55%), imipenem (49%), piperacillin/tazobactam (34%) and colistin (2%). In disk diffusion method, only two isolates were non susceptible to colistin, however in agar dilution method the two isolates were confirmed as resistant and two others were intermediate resistant. Sixty eight (68%) isolates were multi-drug resistant and 10 isolates were susceptible to all tested antibiotics. Both colistin resistant isolates showed overexpression of both efflux pumps, but two intermediate resistant isolates exhibited reduction of efflux genes expression. Conclusions: Emergence of colistin resistance is increasing in P. aeruginosa indicating great challenge in the treatment of infections caused by MDR strains of this organism in Iran. ParRS may promote either induced or constitutive resistance to colistin through the activation of distinct mechanisms such as MDR efflux pumps, and LPS modification.