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X-ray computed tomography (CT) not only has the potential to provide information on the topography, form, size, contour, and structure of the kidney without surgical intervention, but also, by means of sequential CT studies, allows conclusions to be drawn on the normal and pathologic perfusion of this excretory organ. Sequential CT can be defined as a series of CT scans taken in the same body slice so that changes in enhancement after intravenous contrast medium injection can be evaluated qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Unlike in other parenchymal organs, sequential CT of the kidneys has the advantage that the symmetry of the urinary system admits comparison between the affected and the normal side. Furthermore, the segmentary construction of the kidney allows localization of a disorder.