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Nowadays, People share their opinions through social media. This information may be informative or non-informative. To filtering the informative information from the social media plays a challenging issue. Nevertheless, in social media especially when a disaster been occurs the peoples will interact more on that particular disaster event. They share their opinion through some textual information such as tweets or posts. In this work, we are proposing a generalized approach for categorizing the informative and non-informative on twitter media. We collected the seven natural disaster events from the crisisNLP. These datasets are different disaster events which contains the people’s opinions on that specific event. We preprocess the information which converts the tweet information into machine understandable vectors. These vectors been processed by the different machine learning algorithms. We consider the individual performance of each ML algorithm on different disaster datasets upon chosen the best five algorithms for voting techniques. We tested the performance with matrices such as accuracy, precision, recall and f1-score. We compared our results with existing models in which our proposed model performed better than other existing state of art models.

Influenza virus is a highly contagious zoonotic respiratory disease that causes seasonal outbreaks each year and unpredictable pandemics occasionally with high morbidity and mortality rates, posing a great threat to public health worldwide. Besides the limited effect of vaccines, the problem is exacerbated by the lack of drugs with strong antiviral activity against all flu strains. Rimantadine is one of the effective anti-viral drugs that is used in treating influenza virus. In present study niosomes of Rimantadine were developed by ether injection method. Total 6 formulations were prepared by altering ratios of span 60 and cholesterol. The prepared formulations were evaluated for different parameters. In vitro drug release studies were carried out for all the formulations and among five formulations F5 was found to have highest drug release. Prepared niosomes were incorporated in gel and evaluation studies like pH, homogenicity, viscosity and spreadability were carried out. All the parameters were found satisfactory. It was compared with marketed gel. The former has shown drug release till 12 h whereas the latter has shown only till 6 h. Thus, sustained release of drug loaded niosomes was proved.

Background: Mental disorders constitute a major health problem and contribute to 13% of global burden of disease, measured as disability adjusted life years. Mental disorder ranging anxiety, mood disorders to psychotic illness like schizophrenia. Aims: To study the clinical and sociodemographic proles of patients attending the tertiary care mental hospital during 2011 and 2021, and to observe the changing trends of patients' prole over the decade. Methods:This was a descriptive, cross sectional study. All case records of patients attending hospital during 2011 and 2021 were collected manually, analysis of the data was done by using SPSS software. Results:Atotal of 5496 and 5976 patients were collected from 2011 and 2021 respectively. Sample consist of equal male and female patients and also include children below 18years of age. Majority of patients belonged to rural, Hindu, married, self-employed. In year 2011, most of the patients were mentally retarded visited to hospital for disability certicate. In year 2021, all types of mental illness are reported. Conclusion: The study showed change in the trend of clinical prole of patients attending tertiary mental care hospital. Better results would have obtained if all the case proles were collected without any missed data and if a prospective follow-up study had done.

Background: Following induction of general anesthesia, laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation produce pressor response that are somatic visceral reflexes brought on by stimulation of epipharynx and laryngopharynx. To avoid hemodynamic responses to intubation, several strategies have been tested. Agents like opioids, local anesthetics have been used to attenuate such response. Our study was employed with intravenous magnesium sulphate and lignocaine. Methods: A total of 60 patients of both sexes in the age group between 15-50years, belonging to ASA grade I and II undergoing elective surgery under general anaesthesia. Out of the 60 patients 30 were randomly included in the L group (lignocaine group) and the other 30 were included in the M group (magnesium sulphate group). Results: There was fall in heart rate (p < 0.05) noted following induction, laryngoscopy, and intubation, in Magnesium group and Lignocaine group, but the fall in heart rate was more significant in the Magnesium group when compared with the Lignocaine group Like heart rate there was a significant fall in mean arterial pressure in both the groups, but there was statistically significant fall (p < 0.05) in the Magnesium group when compared with the Lignocaine group.

Endotracheal intubation includes laryngoscopy & intubation. The process of laryngoscopy & intubation are noxious stimuli & therefore constitute a period of extreme hemodynamic stress and is associated with intense sympathetic activity marked by tachycardia & hypertension 1. Hence the search for an ideal agent to attenuate the hemodynamic responses is still continuing. Alpha-2 agonists have been used for attenuating the sympathetic response21 and among α-2 agonists both Clonidine and Dexmedetomidine appear to fulfil all the criteria of ideal agent. The study was undertaken to compare the effects of Dexmedetomidine and Clonidine in attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation. This study was done in 90 patients divided into 3 groups, in operation theatre in the department of anesthesiology, NRIAS. This study showed that IV bolus dose of Dexmedetomidine 1 mcg/kg administered 10 minutes before laryngoscopy and intubation can be recommended to attenuate the sympathetic response to laryngoscopy and intubation without any side effects than clonidine.

Agricultural and industrial wastes are produced in huge amount throughout the worldwide. In Sultanate Oman and other regions, these wastes are generally not exploited to be re-used or recycled. Waste materials have become of interest due to the beneficial use of the residual biomass left behind. These wastes tend to have harmful impacts on the environment because they might contain strong fibers that decompose at slow rate under normal environmental conditions. Agricultural waste materials contain cellulose which can be extracted to be used in many important processes including the production of bio-plastic and the production of food. The project conducted to isolate and characterize cellulose from waste residuals. Cellulose has been isolated from waste residuals via alkali pretreatment using NaOH followed by bleaching process, while cellulose was produced via acid hydrolysis method using sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The cellulose produced was characterized with Fourier Transform Inferred Spectroscopy (FTIR) in which it is found the main dominant functional groups are O–H and C–H, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which showed a smooth surface morphology which indicates the removal of wax, lignin & hemicellulose and Energy-dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) showed that the cellulose approximately contains of 64.5 wt% of C, 30 wt% of O, 1% S and 1.7% Na.

Modulation format recognition is an essential part of intelligent receivers of wireless communication systems, especially for adaptive radio systems (ARS). This paper presents a detailed investigation of automatic modulation classification (AMC) using pattern recognition classifiers (PRC) under fading and AWGN conditions. A variety of classifiers with different kernel functions and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers have been developed for the classification of higher-order digital modulation signals. In addition, an extensive investigation of the extraction of various higher-order statistical features from each of the modulated classes and the choice of appropriate features for training classifiers are presented. In addition, the performance of the SVM classifier is evaluated under a variety of training rates and suboptimal channel conditions. Further, the performance of SVM classifiers is compared to that of existing techniques to demonstrate the effectiveness of the SVM classifiers for modulation categorization.

Zestoretic, a combination of lisinopril and hydrochlorothiozide used as anti-hypertension drug prescribed even during pregnancy. Role of zestoretic on the developmental landmars of young ones exposed prenatally are yet to be established. Hence, the present investigation initiated to test in Wistar rats. Three groups of inseminated female rats were oral gavaged with zestoretic (lisinopril varied concentrations + hydrochlorothiozide 12.5mg) 25, 50 and 100 mg/Kg body weight (BW) on gestation days 7, 9, 11 and 13, whereas control group with double distilled water. Clinical toxicity found in few dams from 50 and 100 mg/Kg BW received rat shown aggressive behavior during experimentation. The developmental landmarks, such as pinna attachment, ear opening, fur development, eye opening, upper and lower incisor eruption, crown rump length, vaginal opening and testes descend were measured periodically on their postnatal days in all the young ones. The number of live pups in zestoretic 50, 100 mg/Kg BW administered females are significantly less (P

Diabetes Mellitus is considered to be a state evoked by unmonitored polygenic disorder which will cause various organs collapse in sufferers. An investigation of the identification, examination and autonomous methods of Diabetes Mellitus from six completely various sides viz. datasets of Diabetes Mellitus, preprocessing procedures, attribute extraction, machine learning based analysis, classifying and prediction of Diabetes Mellitus, and evaluating the results. Machine Learning Associate in Nursing computer science is advancing, which permits the first prediction and diagnosing the Diabetes Mellitus over an automatic method that is superior than a nonautomatic detection. There are various reports which are revealed on automated Diabetes Mellitus prediction, identification, examination and autonomous procedure through machine learning and artificial intelligence procedures and also three current analysis problems within the department of Diabetes Mellitus prediction are recorded. In this it provides the Diabetes Mellitus prediction procedures demonstrate importance to the research community utilized within a range of automated Diabetes Mellitus prediction and self supervision.

Purpose: To describe the clinical features and treatment outcomes in eyes with primary macular retinoblastoma (RB). Methods: Patients with primary macular RB were analyzed. Results: Of 41 patients (47 eyes), 20 (49%) were boys and 21 (51%) were girls. The mean age at diagnosis was 16 months (range, 1-60 months). The RB was bilateral in 6 patients (15%). At presentation, the macula was completely covered with the tumor in 22 eyes (47%) and partially covered with the fovea spared in 13 eyes (28%) and the fovea involved 12 eyes (25%). Based on the International Classification of Intraocular Retinoblastoma, 25 (53%), 15 (32%), and 7 (15%) of tumors were in Group B, Group C, and Group D, respectively. The tumor had exophytic features in 36 eyes (77%). The mean tumor basal diameter was 10.0 mm and the mean thickness, 5.6 mm. Associated features included subretinal seeds (10 eyes; 21%) and surrounding subretinal fluid (16 eyes; 34%). Forty-three eyes (92%) were treated with intravenous chemotherapy, 2 (4%) with intra-arterial chemotherapy, and 2 (4%) with transpupillary thermotherapy. Local tumor control was achieved in 45 eyes (96%), with 33 eyes (70%) showing a type III regression pattern. Over a mean follow-up of 23 months (range, 3-48 months), the macular tumor recurred in 5 eyes (11%), the globe was salvaged in all eyes with associated foveal atrophy (36 eyes; 77%), and 1 patient (2%) died. Conclusions: Macular RB has a good prognosis for globe salvage while vision salvage might be compromised as a result of associated foveal atrophy.

PdTe is a superconductor with Tc ~4.25 K. Recently, evidence for bulk-nodal and surface-nodeless gap features has been reported in PdTe [Yang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 130, 046402 (2023)]. Here, we investigate the physical properties of PdTe in both the normal and superconducting states via specific heat and magnetic torque measurements and first-principles calculations. Below Tc, the electronic specific heat initially decreases in T3 behavior (1.5 K < T < Tc) then exponentially decays. Using the two-band model, the superconducting specific heat can be well described with two energy gaps: one is 0.372 meV and another 1.93 meV. The calculated bulk band structure consists of two electron bands ({\alpha} and \b{eta}) and two hole bands ({\gamma} and {\eta}) at the Fermi level. Experimental detection of the de Haas-van Alphen (dHvA) oscillations allows us to identify four frequencies (F{\alpha} = 65 T, F\b{eta} = 658 T, F{\gamma} = 1154 T, and F{\eta} = 1867 T for H // a), consistent with theoretical predictions. Nontrivial {\alpha} and \b{eta} bands are further identified via both calculations and the angle dependence of the dHvA oscillations. Our results suggest that PdTe is a candidate for unconventional superconductivity., Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures (including supplementary material)

Motor vehicles use petroleum products and release sulfur dioxide gas which causes deleterious effects to environment and humans. The sulfur containing compounds present in petroleum products especially organosulfur compounds serve as major source of sulfur dioxide emission. During refining process, petroleum products are subjected to hydrodesulfurization for the removal of sulfur, which is not an efficient method and most of the organosulfur compounds are not eliminated particularly dibenzothiophene and its derivatives. A process known as biodesulfurization which employs microorganisms was suggested to be an alternative to hydrodesulfurization. The dibenzothiophene was selected as model organosulfur compound to perform biodesulfurization studies due its high recalcitrant nature. The microbes which remove sulfur via 4S pathway from organosulfur compounds (dibenzothiophene) are commercially important. In the present study, the effect of different nutrient sources (carbon, nitrogen and amino acid sources at different concentrations) and physical parameters like temperature and pH on dibenzothiophene desulfurization activity (via 4S pathway) of Streptomyces sp. VUR PPR 101 was studied and optimized. The optimum carbon and nitrogen sources for DBT biodesulfurization activity were found to be 4% glucose and 1% yeast extract, respectively. The best amino acid source reported was 0.3 mg/ml glutamine. At a temperature of 300C and pH 7.0, the organism showed maximum biodedulfurization activity.

High Utility Item-set Mining (HUIM) is the futuristic remodel version of Frequent Item Mining (FIM). It has the ability to discover customer purchase trends in the retail market. By using that knowledge, retailers can incorporate innovative schemes (discounts, cross-marketing, seasonal sales offers,... etc) to enhance profit. Even though many HUIM algorithms are proposed to detect profitable patterns, most of them cannot be applied to all kinds of retail market data sets due to certain assumptions. The first assumption is that the items always produce a positive profit. But in reality, even though overall profit could be positive, some of the items make negative profit. The second one is they are developed for static transactional data. Those are useful to take decisions at some intervals like quarterly, half-yearly, yearly. But, to take decisions at any time by analyzing the present sales trend, it is required to process the data stream.

The objective of the study is to detect the forest fire by monitoring forest area through satellites by comparing human observation and satellite observation and to prevent the forest fire and to state which one is best for forest fire detection. Materials and Methods: A total of 28 samples are taken randomly from Google. These are my own datasets. These samples are divided into group 1 (n = 14) and group 2 (n = 14). This required samples for this analysis is given using G power calculation. Minimum power of the analysis is fixed as 0.8 and maximum accepted error is fixed as 0.5. Result: Through the forest fire monitoring system, the detection of forest fire using the images taken from satellite even from the low resolution images appeared to have an improved performance of the system. The system appears to have an accuracy of 78%. The sigma value is 0.315. Conclusion: This innovative approach appears to be better accuracy in detecting the occurrence of forest fire.

A broadband planar monopole antenna with five notch bands is proposed here. The antenna provides broadband from 1.94 GHz to 15.4 GHz with five notch bands covering 3.1-4.1 GHz, 6-6.4 GHz, 8.2-9.2 GHz, 10-11.6 GHz, and 12.38-12.89 GHz. These notch bands are effectively used to remove undesired interferences from the WiMAX (3.2-3.8 GHz), partial standard C band (5.850-6.415 GHz), partial ITU band (8.025-8.4 GHz), partial X band (8-12 GHz), and partial Ku downlink frequency band (12.2-12.7 GHz). The notch bands have been realized by etching three notch elements on the patch, feed line, and two small narrow open-ended slots on the ground plane. The design of the proposed antenna is very simple and it utilizes only the volume of 20×40×1.6 mm3. The antenna is useful for wideband fast data communication systems.

Ameenpur Lake, the Biodiversity Heritage Site of India is the first urban lake to be given the status of a heritage site by the National Biodiversity Authority of India in the year 2016. In the present study, the water quality of Ameenpur Lake has been carried out using GIS technology. The water samples were collected during Pre-Monsoon, Monsoon and Post-Monsoon seasons of the year 2019-20 and analysed for various physico-chemical parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Turbidity, Total Hardness, Total Alkalinity, Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium, Chloride, Sulphates, Carbonates, Bicarbonates, Fluorides, Phosphates, Nitrates, Dissolved Oxygen, Chemical Oxygen Demand and Biological Oxygen Demand in the laboratory using American Public Health Association1 standard methods for water and wastewater treatment. Obtained results were compared with Bureau of Indian Standards. The results indicate that lake water is slightly alkaline in nature and most of the parameters were exceeding the permissible limits in all the three seasons. Statistical analysis has been used to calculate the correlation coefficient of different parameters. The correlation matrix shows that total alkalinity has significant correlation with calcium and magnesium, EC with chlorides, nitrates and fluorides, total hardness with calcium, magnesium, bicarbonates and total alkalinity and bicarbonates with calcium.

BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous and sinus thrombosis is not a rare disease in India and abroad. The present study was undertaken to various clinical and radiological manifestations of the same. METHODS AND MATERIALS: A total 100 patients admitted to SVS Medical college and hospital, Mahabubnagar between September 2013 to September 2020 with a conrmed diagnosis of cerebral venous thrombosis were studied in this study. Detailed clinical examination along with basic investigations including CT/MRI brain and MRV/CTV in all. RESULTS: Headache and seizures are the most common ndings followed by paresis and fever. Alcohol addiction and tobacco consumption were found to be present in 53 and 56% of cases followed by iron deciency in 45, hypertension in 35, pregnancy related cases were only 18. Steroid abuse and hypothyroidism were noted in 18 and 16 instances while evidence of infection was noted in a dozen patients. Cerebral imaging (CT/MRI) revealed venous infarction hemorrhagic or non-hemorrhagic in 67 patients and isolated CVT without infarction in 21 patients. Infarctions were unilateral in 56 patients. Superior Sagittal Sinus in combination with other deep venous sinuses was seen in 54 percent of this study. CONCLUSION: CVST presents in young and equal in frequency in males and females. Headache, seizures are more frequent symptoms. Addiction with alcohol and tobacco are the more frequent risk factors followed by Iron deciency anemia and hypertension. SSS was the most common site of venous sinus thrombosis.

The ongoing health crisis around COVID -19 has affected all communities. The Government has taken action since the Coronavirus attack created an unprecedented situation. Drop-down COVID-19 positive cases in December and January made people to normal life. An immediate double-dip from the COVID-19, plow back them into hazardous life with more effective and more quickly spreading of virus leads to the second lockdown. The present study analyzed different investments avenues and the factors that affect the investment. The main objective of the study is to know the relationship between the re-entry of COVID-19 and the change in investment decisions of the salaried employees in Telangana. The study also identifies the investor’s attitude towards Mutual Funds and understands how the second wave COVID-19 has impacted on investments and financial decisions of individuals in developing nations such as India.

A few novel series of pyrazol-2-indolinone entities have been designed and synthesized using pyrazalone and α, β-unsaturated oxindole esters as starting materials (5a–j). The chemical structures of the new synthesized compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS spectroscopy and elemental analysis. This procedure provides a highly efficient and facile route to functionalized pyrazol-2-indolinones from readily available substrates under mild reaction conditions.

In the present study,Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to assess the quality of water in Safilguda lake. Safilguda lake was the source of drinking for the Nawabs and British authorities and was also the source of irrigation to the farmers. But today the agricultural fields have turned into housing colonies and multistorey complexes which led to the deterioration of lake water by direct entry of sewage into the lake. Three sampling stations were selected within the lake for the collection of surface water samples at monthly intervals for a period of one year. The water samples were analyzed for various physico-chemical parameters by following the standard procedures. For calculating WQI, ten physico-chemical parameters were considered such as pH, alkalinity, chlorides, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, sulphates, total dissolved solids and dissolved oxygen. From the water quality index, the lake water quality was determined. On the basis of WQI classification, the water quality status ratings clearly indicates that the Safilguda lake has poor water quality due to the discharge of untreated domestic waste water from the surrounding residents and religious activities like immersion of Ganesh idols made up of plaster of paris and the lakewater is unsuitable for drinking, domestic and recreational purposes. The water quality rating study also exhibits eutrophic condition of the lake.

Regardless of stomatognathic system atrophy, illness, or injury, modern dentistry endeavours to restore the patient to normal shape, function, comfort, aesthetics, speech, and health. Predictable success is now a reality for the rehabilitation of many difficult conditions as a result of ongoing research in treatment planning, implant designs, materials, and methodologies. The medical fields have long placed a strong emphasis on the biocompatibility properties of synthetic materials (biomaterials) used to replace biological tissues. In addition, implant biomaterials must be suitable in terms of mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and structural biostability in order to function at their best. In this article, the various implant biomaterials with their properties and applicability to implant dentistry are discussed.

Wireless Infrastructure-Less Networks comprise of the features such as Adaptation and self-forming, due to which one can establish the network regardless of geographical location. The network aims to enable connectivity anywhere and any place. The network applications are Health care, military, and disaster recovery. The applications are sensitive, and secure communication is a challenging and vital issue, as one wrong message can affect the objective of the application. The routing process is responsible for computing the path and forwarding the information through the calculated route to enable communication in any network. However, network routing is challenging and vulnerable due to its peer-to-peer nature. One of the routing problems in the network is packet dropping, which could be due to selfishness, malicious nature, or system fault. Different mechanisms are designed to prevent packet drops in the network, but they could not differentiate whether the packet drops were due to malicious reasons or system faults. The Paper aims to design an intelligent mechanism to mitigate packet drops from the network by differentiating packet drops' causes. The proposed work validated with a network simulator, and results show that the proposed mechanism effectively prevents packets drop from the network.

Self-forming and adaptation characteristics make MANETs suitable to deploy at places where Infrastructure is hard to set up. It consists of peer-to-peer mobile nodes with heterogeneous resources. Applications of the networks include healthcare, disaster recovery, and the military. The data present in these applications is susceptible. High-level security mechanisms are required to protect the data. One of the attacks present at the network layer in MANETs is packet dropping by the intermediatory node during the communication. The number of Mitigation mechanisms devised to focus on the issue but fail to differentiate packet dropping is due to malicious behavior of the node or system fault. Thus, the paper aims to develop a mechanism that mitigates the packet-dropping nodes from the communication path, whether due to system faults or malicious. The proposed work is validated with a network simulator. The results demonstrate that the proposed work achieved the most outstanding throughput compared to the current work.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pie-10.1177_09544089231153356 for Stability analysis of electrical magneto hydrodynamic stagnation point flow of Ag-Cu/water hybrid nanofluid over a permeable stretching/shrinking slendering sheet: Entropy generation by Shaik Jakeer and P Bala Anki Reddy in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E: Journal of Process Mechanical Engineering

A two-dimensional (2D) Weyl semimetal featuring a spin-polarized linear band dispersion and a nodal Fermi surface is a new topological phase of matter. It is a solid-state realization of Weyl fermions in an intrinsic 2D system. The nontrivial topology of 2D Weyl cones guarantees the existence of a new form of topologically protected boundary states, Fermi string edge states. In this work, we report the realization of a 2D Weyl semimetal in monolayer-thick epitaxial bismuthene grown on SnS(Se) substrate. The intrinsic band gap of bismuthene is eliminated by the space-inversion-symmetry-breaking substrate perturbations, resulting in a gapless spin-polarized Weyl band dispersion. The linear dispersion and spin polarization of the Weyl fermion states are observed in our spin and angle-resolved photoemission measurements. In addition, the scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy reveals a pronounced local density of states at the edge, suggesting the existence of Fermi string edge states. These results open the door for the experimental exploration of the exotic properties of Weyl fermion states in reduced dimensions., Comment: 5 figures

Reductions of nitrate and nitrite (NO

Background: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were becoming predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in India. Antiplatelet agents remain as the cornerstone therapy for acute thrombotic coronary syndromes, IHD, STROKE, CHD and PCI and are essential for thromboprophylaxis. The current study was undertaken to evaluate the drug use pattern of antiplateletagents and to study the prescribing pattern, observe co-morbid conditions, social habits [alcohol/smoking], adverse events and drug-drug interactions associated with antiplatelet agents. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at MIMS hospital, study population of 160 inpatients from cardiology, general-medicine and neurology departments. Data was analyzed in Microsoft excel. Results: Data records obtained from 160 patients in which 51.87% were females followed by males 48.125%. most patients with IHD and stroke were found in age group 50-70 years. Hypertension was most found co-morbidity among the patients [61.88%] followed by diabetes [34.38%], hypothyroidism [5%], epilepsy[3.75%]. Utilisation pattern of antiplatelet agents aspirin, clopidogrel were found to be[97.5%] [82.5%] respectively. patients on DAPT[81%] were highest compared to monotherapy [19%]. Patients found with social habits were 38.75% smokers, 31.25% alcoholics and 22% both alcohol and smoking. Conclusion: The present study concludes that DAPT [aspirin+clopidogrel] was found to be superior to monotherapy, and incidence of IHD which is more common in males compared to females. Patients in the group 51-70 were most affected with stroke, IHD and with female predominance over male. Antiplatelet therapy which is clearly efficacious in reducing the incidence of ischemic events/ thromboembolic events DAPT[aspirin+ clopidogrel] was most effective and reduced ischemic events, yet have the risk of bleeding or resistance. Newer anti platelet agents such a Prasugrel and Ticagrelor can be utilised considering the bleeding risk.

Agriculture is the solution to the overall development of any country. The internet lasts to become more widespread among people who transact with the agricultural business of any type. The incomplete health crisis about COVID 19 has affected all communities Frontline Health Responders are a priority for countries in saving the lives of the people suffering from this disease. The government has taken action since the Coronavirus hit created an extraordinary situation. India initially announced a three-week nationwide lockdown until the middle of April, after that was extended to achieve satisfactory control of the virus outbreak. In these tough times how Indian farmers react to the crisis and the actions taken by the government to help farmers across the country. The main objective of the study is to analyze the impact of e-commerce on the agricultural sector throughout the Covid 19 pandemic. The study employs samples from farmers of the Warangal and Nalgonda districts. The purpose of the study is to examine the E-commerce sources selected for the agriculture sector and Reasons for using e-commerce in the agriculture and Overall satisfaction on utilization of e-commerce in agriculture sector throughout covid-19. The result reveals that farmers started benefiting from the use of e-commerce in their agriculture. The findings of the study suggest that government should take little more initiation in training and supplying them with agricultural inputs with subsidies. The study briefly explains the Objectives, Hypothesis, Data analysis, Impact, Role, Benefits, and Limitations of E-Commerce in the agricultural sector throughout covid-19.

Defensins are broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptides that play an important role in providing innate immunity to various biotic stresses in plants. We identifed and characterized 22 defensin (DEF) and defensin-like (DEFL) genes in chickpea (Cicer arientinum) based on their structures, expression, chromosomal localization, conserved motifs, and cis-regulatory elements. The localization of DEF and DEFL genes in chickpea genome revealed the presence of at least two clusters that are likely evolved through local gene duplications. Genotype-specifc responses of several CaDEF and CaDEFL genes in fungal bioassays suggested their involvement in defense against fungal pathogens such as hemi-biotrophic F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and dry root rot causing necrotrophic R. bataticola. Molecular docking studies revealed interactions of CaDEFs with fungal plasma membrane components such as phosphatidylserine (PS) and glucosylceramide (GluCer) and their binding sites were identifed. Our data will be useful to identify potential candidate genes and their role in host-plant resistance in chickpea, besides presenting opportunities for their potential for possible deployment in other crops

Orf147, a cytotoxic peptide, has been found to cause cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Cajanus cajanifolius (pigeonpea). In our study, Orf147 was introduced into self-pollinating Cicer arietinum (chickpea) using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for induction of CMS. The stable integration and expression of the transgene has been assessed through PCR and qRT-PCR analysis. In addition, phenotypic sterility analysis has been performed, considering developmental parameters like flower development, pod formation and flower drop. Transgene inheritance analysis demonstrates that out of the five PCR positive events in the T0 generation, two events have segregated according to the Mendelian segregation ratio (3:1) in the T2 generation. Further, pollen viability test using microscopic analysis confirms the induction of partial CMS in transgenic chickpea. The study holds significant value regarding the heterosis of self-pollinating legumes like chickpea. As a part of the prospect, exploring inducible promoters of species-specific or related legumes would be the next step to developing a two-line hybrid system.

Aim and objective : To assess the efcacy of low dose subcutaneous adrenaline to prevent adverse reactions to Anti Snake Venom (ASV) in hospitalised patients following snake bite. Hospital Methods : ised patients following snake bite requiring ASV were randomised to receive either 0.25ml 1:1000 dilutions adrenaline subcutaneously or placebo as pre-treatment before ASV administration. Pregnants, age less than 12 years and more than 70 years, patients who received ASV in the past, history of adverse reactions to adrenaline, patients with obstructive airway disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke and patients who received ASV before hospital admission were excluded from the study. Results : 50 patients were included in the study. 26 patients received low dose subcutaneous adrenaline and 24 patients received placebo. 3 patients(11%) in adrenaline group and 13 patients(54%) in placebo group developed adverse reactions following ASV administration. Conclusion : 0.25ml 1:1000 dilutions subcutaneous adrenaline given immediately before ASV administration reduces incidence of adverse reactions to ASV

BACKGROUND Acute cholecystitis is a pathology of inflammatory origin, usually associated with cholelithiasis, with a high incidence in the world. Its treatment involves an important socioeconomic impact. There are two surgical therapeutic options: early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) done within 72 hours of onset of pain or delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) done after 6 weeks of conservative treatment. The present study intends to compare between the effectiveness of ELC vs DLC in the management of acute cholecystitis in a tertiary care setup. METHODS The study sample included 65 patients who were clearly documented and radiologically proven cases of acute calculous cholecystitis, met the inclusion criteria, admitted to the surgery department of MKCG MCH, Berhampur, between August 2018 and July 2020. Out of 65 patients, 33 and 32 patients were selected randomly for ELC and DLC respectively. In ELC group surgery was done within 72 hours of the onset of pain while in DLC group surgery was done after 6 weeks of initial conservative treatment. The study was conducted using a case record proforma, prepared in their local language. The questionnaire included timing of cholecystectomy, duration of antibiotic coverage, mean duration of hospital stay, number of intraoperative and postoperative complications, conversion to open cholecystectomy, and follow-up. The data was compiled and tabulated in MS ® Excel and statistically analysed using IBM ® SPSS 22.0. RESULTS The overall morbidity and mortality were less in ELC compared to DLC. The mean duration of surgery was less in ELC (47.36 minutes) compared to DLC (65.75 minutes). The mean duration of antibiotic coverage was lesser in ELC (3.58 days) compared to DLC (5.50 days).The mean hospital stay was less in ELC (4.67 days) to DLC (6.50 days). The overall morbidity and mortality were less in ELC. CONCLUSIONS ELC is considered to be a safe modality of treatment in patients with acute cholecystitis and leads to an economical treatment. KEYWORDS Acute Calculus Cholecystitis, Early Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy, Delayed Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy