143 results on '"Raza, Ahmad"'
Search Results
2. Comparative Arsenic Tolerance and Accumulation Potential Between Wild Tagetes patula and Tagetes minuta
- Author
-
Irum Shahzadi, Mohammad Maroof Shah, Irrum Saleem Akhtar, Tariq Ismail, Raza Ahmad, Ismat Nawaz, Maria Siddique, Sofia Baig, Ayesha Baig, and Ummara Waheed
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary - Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a bioactive metalloid that is highly toxic to humans, animals, and plants. Environmental contamination of As especially in groundwater increases due to natural and anthropogenic activities. The present study was performed to evaluate the potential of wild Tagetes species for the phytoremediation of As contaminated soil/water. This comparative research aims to analyze As accumulation and tolerance in two wild species of Tagetes, T. minuta and T. patula. The 20 days old seedlings were grown hydroponically and exposed to the different concentrations of As, 0, 50, 150, and 300 µM As2O3 for 1-, 4- and 7- days intervals. Effect of As stress was measured on the rate of seed germination, growth parameters like fresh and dry biomass weight, root/shoot length, chlorophyll contents and As contents in root and shoot in both Tagetes species. Increasing concentration of As restricts the growth activity of T. minuta with toxicity symptoms on leaves such as chlorosis. Accumulation of As in the shoot was significantly (p ≤ 0.01) high (634 µg g-1 DW) in T. patula as compared to T. minuta (397 µg g-1 DW) at 300 µM As2O3. Both Tagetes species exhibited high variation for As tolerance parameters as well as for As accumulation patterns. Comparatively good tolerance and accumulation of As in T. patula suggests that this species could be used in phytoextraction and re-vegetation in As contaminated sites.
- Published
- 2022
3. Center Case Volume is Associated with Society of Thoracic Surgeons-Defined Failure to Rescue in Cardiac Surgery
- Author
-
Raymond J. Strobel, Andrew M. Young, Evan P. Rotar, Emily F. Kaplan, Robert B. Hawkins, Anthony V. Norman, Raza Ahmad, Mark Joseph, Mohammed Quader, Jeffrey B. Rich, Alan Speir, Leora Yarboro, J. Hunter Mehaffey, and Nicholas R. Teman
- Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine ,Surgery ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine - Published
- 2023
4. Improving reproducibility of geoscience models with Sciunit
- Author
-
Raza Ahmad, Young Don Choi, Jonathan L. Goodall, David Tarboton, Ayman Nassar, and Tanu Malik
- Abstract
For science to reliably support new discoveries, its results must be reproducible. Assessing reproducibility is a challenge in many fields—including the geosciences— that rely on computational methods to support these discoveries. Reproducibility in these studies is particularly difficult; the researchers conducting studies must agree to openly share research artifacts, provide documentation of underlying hardware and software dependencies, ensure that computational procedures executed by the original researcher are portable and execute in different environments, and, finally, verify if the results produced are consistent. Often these tasks prove to be tedious and challenging for researchers. Sciunit (https://sciunit.run) is a system for easily containerizing, sharing, and tracking deterministic computational applications across environments. Geoscience applications in the fields of hydrology, solid Earth, and space science have actively used Sciunit to encapsulate, port, and repeat workflows across computational environments. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive survey of geoscience applications that have used Sciunit to improve sharing and reproducibility. We classify the applications based on their reproducibility requirements and show how Sciunit accommodates relevant interfaces and architectural components to support reproducibility requirements within each application. We aim to provide these applications as a Sciunit compendium of use cases for replicability, benchmarking, and improving the conduct of reproducible science in other fields.
- Published
- 2023
5. Effect of Heavy Metal Polluted Soil on Physiology and Biochemistry of Plants
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Zohaib Aslam, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Adnan, and Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Published
- 2023
6. Apportionment of heavy metals in a soil–water-plant system via brick kiln emissions in heavily industrialized city of Pakistan
- Author
-
Imran Ahmad, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sabir, Muhammad Rizwan, and Muhammad Aamer Maqsood
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Water ,General Medicine ,Plants ,Pollution ,Soil ,Coal ,Lead ,Metals, Heavy ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pakistan ,Cadmium ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
One of the major environmental problems is the fast accumulation of brick kiln emissions near the peripheries of almost all urban centers. An enormous quantity of substandard coal, wood, rubber tires, or saw wood is used as fuel in these brick kilns, creating environmental pollution through carbon and heavy metals present in the emissions. The present study was designed to determine the distribution pattern of heavy metals in a soil-water-plant system under the influence of brick kiln emissions. Ash, soil (0-15 cm), water, and plant samples were collected from the adjacent areas of the brick kilns. Geo-accumulation index and contamination factors were used to assess the toxicity of metals to soil and plants. It was found that the concentrations of Cd in water, soil, coal, and plant samples were found in the range of 0.004-0.024 mg L
- Published
- 2022
7. Novel halotolerant rhizobacterial strains mitigated the salt stress in-vitro and in-vivo and improved the growth of tomato plants
- Author
-
Aasia Latif, Rafiq Ahmad, Jawad Ahmed, Muhammad Maroof Shah, Raza Ahmad, and Amjad Hassan
- Subjects
Horticulture - Published
- 2023
8. Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among persons with hepatitis D virus and diabetes mellitus in Pakistan, 2019-2021
- Author
-
Raza Ahmad, Mazhar Muhammad Waqar, Saif Saira, Noor Shanzab, Sikandar Mudasara, Shahzadi Iram, Iram Wajeeha, Tahir Hira, and Mazhar Fatima
- Subjects
virus diseases ,General Medicine ,digestive system diseases - Abstract
Introduction: The HBV virus has its enveloped protein that surrounds nucleic acid for its protection. Hepatitis B DNA virus belongs to the Hepadnoviridae family and is similar to retroviruses. Globally, HBV infected people approximately 2 billion in the world, about 350 million people were chronic carriers. One million deaths are caused by the HBV virus every year. Each year, 400,000 new cases were reported in Latin America. Among all over the World, Pakistan was considered as one of the largest chronic viral hepatitis infection countries. Methodology: 975 samples were recoded from different districts of south Punjab. The sera of the patient’s sample were examined to analyze the LFTs, HBS serology, HBS ELIZA, anti-HBeAg, AFP, anti- HDV, HBC IgM, and HBV DNA EAL TIME PCR. An anticoagulant sample was used to analyze their prothrombin time, HB level, WBC count, PLT counts, and HBA1C. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2019 and SPSS version 14.0. Results: 975 samples were collected from the Multan district of Punjab. Out of which 638(65.43%) patients were detected positive for HBsAg serology, 312(32.84%) were not detected. The HBA1C test values are higher in HBV patients and its normal value is below 6.4%. In 1st group 258 patients out of 638 are HBV PCR DETECTED, bilirubin 2.1+-5.7, ALP 425.1±575.1, AST 119.6±102.6, ALT 62.0±41.6, and albumin 3.5±0.9. in the 2nd group, 149 patients out of 638 are HBV PCR detected, bilirubin 1.4±1.9, ALP 488.1±339.2, AST 143.0±117.4, ALT 78.1±53.4, and albumin 4.4±0.6. Conclusion: The prevalence of HBV in diabetic patients is higher as compared to control diabetic patients. the patients with high serum AFP levels tend to be HBs-Ag-positive, and those who have low AFP levels are associated with cryptogenic cirrhosis. The positive HBc IgM is higher in anti-HDV-negative cases as compared to HDV-positive cases. The value of HBV DNA was higher in anti-HDV-negative cases. The HBsAg correlates with HBV DNA level and it’s a level higher in the IT phase and lowers in the IC phase.
- Published
- 2022
9. Contamination of Sewage Water with Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients: An Emerging Threat to Food Products and Human Health
- Author
-
Sadia Sultana, Muhammad Sabir, Saif Ullah, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, and Ghulam Murtaza
- Published
- 2023
10. Digging into big provenance (with SPADE)
- Author
-
Jianqiao Zhu, Jignesh M. Patel, Hassaan Irshad, Ashish Gehani, and Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
Digging ,Provenance ,General Computer Science ,Data model ,Database ,Computer science ,020204 information systems ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,InformationSystems_DATABASEMANAGEMENT ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,computer.software_genre ,computer - Abstract
Several interfaces exist for querying provenance. Many are not flexible in allowing users to select a database type of their choice. Some provide query functionality in a data model that is differe...
- Published
- 2021
11. Alleviation of adverse effects of nickel on growth and concentration of copper and manganese in wheat through foliar application of ascorbic acid
- Author
-
Muhammad Usman, Muhammad Sabir, Saifullah, Waqar Ahmad, Faisal Nadeem, Zainab Naseem, and Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
Manganese ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Ascorbic Acid ,Plant Science ,Ascorbic acid ,Plant Roots ,Pollution ,Copper ,Nickel ,Biodegradation, Environmental ,chemistry ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Adverse effect ,Triticum ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
We investigated the role of ascorbic acid (AsA) to alleviate nickel (Ni) induced adverse effects on growth and concentration of Ni, copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn) in hydroponically grown wheat varieties viz. Galaxy, Punjab-2011, and FSD-08. Plants were exposed to five levels of Ni viz. 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20Exploiting plant internal mechanisms with foliar application of different organic substances have widely been investigated to decrease metal accumulation and their adverse effects on plants. However, the differential response of different varieties to metal accumulation in response to foliar application of ascorbic acid is not well documented. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous application of ascorbic acid on growth response, the concentration of Ni, Cu, and Mn in three wheat varieties.
- Published
- 2021
12. Digging into Big Provenance (with SPADE)
- Author
-
Raza Ahmad, Hassan Irshad, Jianqiao Zhu, Ashish Gehani, and Jignesh M. Patel
- Subjects
Digging ,Provenance ,Information retrieval ,General Computer Science ,Data model ,Computer science ,020204 information systems ,Chaining ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Faceted search ,02 engineering and technology ,User interface ,Natural (archaeology) - Abstract
Several interfaces exist for querying provenance. Many are not flexible in allowing users to select a database type of their choice. Some provide query functionality in a data model that is different from the graph-oriented one that is natural for provenance. Others have intuitive constructs for finding results but have limited support for efficiently chaining responses, as needed for faceted search. This article presents a user interface for querying provenance that addresses these concerns and is agnostic to the underlying database being used.
- Published
- 2021
13. Pollution characteristics and human health risk assessments of toxic metals and particle pollutants via soil and air using geoinformation in urbanized city of Pakistan
- Author
-
Yansong Bao, Adnan Mustafa, Khalid Mehmood, Katia Lasaridi, Saifullah, George P. Petropoulos, Muhammad Mohsin Abrar, Shah Fahad, Roman Abbas, Alwaseela Abdalla, and Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
Adult ,Pollution ,China ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Commercial area ,010501 environmental sciences ,Urban area ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Soil ,Metals, Heavy ,Urbanization ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Soil Pollutants ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pakistan ,Cities ,Child ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,media_common ,Pollutant ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,General Medicine ,Hazard quotient ,Environmental science ,Environmental Pollutants ,Risk assessment ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Toxic metals and particle pollutants in urbanized cities have significantly increased over the past few decades mainly due to rapid urbanization and unplanned infrastructure. This research aimed at estimating the concentration of toxic metals and particle pollutants and the associated risks to public health across different land-use settings including commercial area (CA), urban area (UA), residential area (RA), and industrial area (IA). A total of 47 samples for both soil and air were collected from different land-use settings of Faisalabad city in Pakistan. Mean concentrations of toxic metals such as Mn, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cr, Co, and Cd in all land-use settings were 92.68, 4.06, 1.34, 0.16, 0.07, 0.03, and 0.02 mg kg−1, respectively. Mean values of PM10, PM2.5, and Mn in all land-use settings were found 5.14, 1.34, and 1.9 times higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Mn was found as the most hazardous metal in terms of pollution load index (PLI) and contamination factor (CF) in the studied area. Health risk analysis for particle pollutants using air quality index (AQI) and geoinformation was found in the range between good to very critical for all the land-use settings. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) were higher for children in comparison to adults, suggesting that children may be susceptible to potentially higher health risks. However, the cancer risk (CR) value for Pb ingestion (1.21 × 10−6) in children was lower than the permissible limit (1 × 10−4 to 1 × 10−6). Nonetheless, for Cr inhalation, CR value (1.09 × 10−8) was close to tolerable limits. Our findings can be of valuable assistance toward advancing our understanding of soil and air pollutions concerning public health in different land-use settings of the urbanized cities of Pakistan.
- Published
- 2021
14. Comparing Whitebox and Blackbox testing for different programming languages
- Author
-
H, Julio, Malleswaran, Iswarya, Bjarkadóttir, Birgitta, and Raza, Ahmad
- Subjects
Computer Sciences ,Empirical Software Engineering ,TheoryofComputation_LOGICSANDMEANINGSOFPROGRAMS ,ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION ,Physical Sciences and Mathematics ,Software Engineering - Abstract
An experiment to compare whitebox and blackbox testing techniques for different programming languages.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A Review of Veterinary Antibiotic Pollution in the Agro-Environment of Pakistan: Alarm Bells Are Ringing
- Author
-
Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, MUHAMMAD FAHAD SARDAR, and Ayesha Abdul Qadir
- Subjects
Pollution ,ALARM ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Biology ,Ringing ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Environment of Pakistan ,Environmental planning ,media_common - Abstract
Veterinary antibiotics (VAs) are widely used in Pakistan for growth enhancement, production, and in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases in the livestock and poultry industry. Their emergence into the agro-environment began during the resource utilization of farmyard and poultry manure. However, these bioactive organic pollutants are non-degradable in the natural environment and can be uptaken by plants, eventually ending up in the human food chain. Despite the danger these antibiotics pose, unfortunately, it is an issue that still remains underreported, especially in Pakistan. As such, this review critically summarizes the current consumption, exposure pathways, strategies for controlling dissemination, and serious environmental concerns associated with VAs. Additionally, the fate of antibiotics in the dry arid climate of Pakistan is thoroughly explained along with the lack of monitoring and strict legislation in developing countries. It is reported that antibiotic consumption negatively impacts raw manure, hence suggestions such as limiting the consumption of antibiotics from the source, proper disposal of farmyard manure with effective technologies, and remediation techniques are introduced. Finally, the authors highlight the importance of farmer's education and awareness campaigns in the pollution control of antibiotics, as the problem can only be properly addressed with the cooperation of government agencies, companies, and involved stakeholders. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
- Published
- 2021
16. High residual sodium carbonate water in the Indian subcontinent: concerns, challenges and remediation
- Author
-
Manzoor Qadir, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Ghulam Murtaza, Ravi Naidu, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Nukshab Zeeshan, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, and Muhammad Shehzad
- Subjects
Irrigation ,Environmental Engineering ,Environmental engineering ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Water scarcity ,Salinity ,Sustainable agriculture ,Soil water ,Sodium adsorption ratio ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Water quality ,Leaching (agriculture) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Water scarcity has become one of the major limiting factors in global agriculture, particularly in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This necessitates irrigation with marginal-quality waters including those with high levels of residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and an important water quality parameter. Extended use of high RSC water leads to accumulate sodium in the soil which alters physical and chemical properties of soils. The electrical conductivity is a good index of salinity while sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) that of sodicity hazard of irrigation water. It has been found that waters with high RSC values are more hazardous compared to no RSC water of equal SAR. Sustainable agriculture on these soils demands to adopt certain site-specific management strategies prior to use such low-quality waters for the economic production of crops. Strategies like dilution with low salt water and addition of calcium-based amendments, along with organic manures have been traditionally practiced and giving some promising results. It is well documented that for improving plant growth, irrigation to achieve low leaching fraction is necessary for the purpose of reducing the transport of solutes that are responsible for the degradation of water quality and provides an efficient use of limited water supplies. In addition, implementations of government policies and public–private sector collaborations are necessary to find new horizons for the management of high RSC irrigation waters in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. This article provides an overview of soil permeability problems associated with the irrigation using high RSC waters.
- Published
- 2021
17. Effect of layer thickness on spatters oxidation of Hastelloy X alloy during powder bed fusion-laser beam processing
- Author
-
Raza, Ahmad, de Andrade Schwerz, Claudia, Pauzon, Camille Nicole Géraldine, Nyborg, Lars, and Hryha, Eduard
- Subjects
AES ,Other Physics Topics ,General Chemical Engineering ,Oxidation ,Materials Chemistry ,XPS ,Spatters formation ,Manufacturing, Surface and Joining Technology ,In-situ monitoring - Abstract
This study investigates the impact of powder layer thickness on spatter generation and oxidation behavior during the processing of Hastelloy X. In-situ monitoring using optical tomography reveals that thicker powder layers result in a higher number of hot spatters generated during laser-melt-powder interaction. Scanning electron microscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy analysis demonstrate the presence of different types of spatters that oxidize differently depending on their origin. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis further shows that the surface enrichment of oxide-forming elements such as Al, Ti, Cr, and Fe varies with the type of spatter particle. Additionally, depth profile analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that the average oxide layer thickness increases from ∼2.5 nm in virgin to ∼68 nm in spatters generated at 150 μm powder layer thickness. The findings suggest that powder layer thickness is a crucial factor in controlling spatter generation and oxidation behavior during powder bed fusion-laser beam processing.
- Published
- 2023
18. Influence of ionic cerium and cerium oxide nanoparticles on Zea mays seedlings grown with and without cadmium
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, John-Paul Fox, Preston Clubb, Alan L. Wright, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq, Muhammad Nadeem, Cyren M. Rico, and Lorenzo Rossi
- Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine ,Toxicology ,Pollution - Published
- 2023
19. Surface water quality assessment of Skardu springs using Water Quality Index
- Author
-
Muhammad Sabir, Predrag Ilić, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Muhammad Rizwan, and Wazir Aitizaz Ahsan
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Hydrology ,geography ,Biogeochemical cycle ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Drinking Water ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Natural Springs ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Total dissolved solids ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Water Quality ,Spring (hydrology) ,Sodium adsorption ratio ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Pakistan ,Water quality ,Surface water ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Natural springs which originate from hilly areas of Skardu in Pakistan make their route downward and are utilized by the public as they passes from residential areas. Due to weathering processes in mountainous regions, these springs can be the source of various trace elements and pollutants. Keeping in mind the same concept, ten mostly used freshwater springs were selected to evaluate their drinking water quality in the Skardu region. Three samples of water from each spring (start/mouth, 100 m away from the mouth, and 200 m away from mouth) were collected and analyzed for water quality via Water Quality Index (WQI). The main parameters of spring water were recorded in the laboratory as electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), and secondary parameters, i.e., Kelley’s ratio (KR), permeability index (PI), and WQI, were derived. Besides these parameters, heavy metal pollutants (Cd, Cr, Mn, and Cu) were also determined from the water samples. The results showed that the assessed parameters TDS, SSP, KR, and PI were found within the safer limits of drinking water as prescribed by the Pak-EPA and WHO. However, among trace elements, only Cd (0.03 mg L−1) was found above the permissible limits of 0.01 mg L−1 as given by the GOP-EPA (2008) and WHO (1996) at Shigri Bala spring 200 m away. Similarly, at 2 ft from the mouth of Chumig S1 spring, its concentrations were recorded 0.03 mg L−1, and at Benazir Chowk spring (100 m away), it was found 0.02 mg L−1. In general, the Water WQI demonstrates that springs have good water quality. Our findings are useful for the environmental protection managers and citizens of the Skardu concerned with the water quality of the springs.
- Published
- 2021
20. Associative interplay of Pseudomonas gessardii BLP141 and pressmud ameliorated growth, physiology, yield, and Pb-toxicity in sunflower
- Author
-
Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Saleem, Khurram Shahzad, Haipeng Teng, Muhammad Adil, and Adnan Raza Altaf
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,biology ,fungi ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,food and beverages ,Pb toxicity ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Sunflower ,Toxicology ,Human health ,Toxicity ,Pseudomonas gessardii ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
Lead is getting more and more alarming because of its toxicity and destructive effects on plants, animals, and human health. The higher lead uptake by plants deteriorate the consistency in growth a...
- Published
- 2020
21. Analysis of ordering pattern and cost effectiveness of thyroid function tests for diagnosing thyroid diseases
- Author
-
Rafi Raza Ahmad, Rahy Farooq, Mahira Mobeen, Saman Waqar, and Muhammad Ihtesham Khan
- Subjects
Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Cost effectiveness ,Thyroid ,medicine ,business ,Thyroid function tests - Abstract
Objectives: To determine the ordering pattern and cost effective use of thyroid function tests for diagnosing thyroid diseases, aiming to minimize the total cost of diagnosis without compromising the diagnostic accuracy of the tests. Study Design: Retrospective Observational study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: 1st December 2016 to 31st February 2017. Material & Methods: The data regarding the number of entitled patients and the cost of each of T3, T4 and TSH was determined. Also the number of cases where the thyroid profile was normal were determined and analysis was made about whether was there any need to prescribe full profile. Mean and standard were used for quantitative variables and frequency and percentages were applied for qualitative data. About 1491 patients were included in the study. Results: Mean age of the study sample was 25 ± 6.5 years (range: 1 years to 80 years). There were 579 (39%) males and 912 (61%) females. About 700 (46.9%) patients were entitled. Majority of the cases were from medicine and gynae obstetrics units of the hospital i.e 644 (43.2%) and 549 (36.8%) cases respectively. In about 838 (56.2%) cases, the thyroid function tests were normal. Conclusion: There is a huge financial burden on patients as well on the hospital regarding performing thyroid function tests in clinical setup. There is a need to spread awareness among junior doctors to ensure judicious advising of the thyroid function tests in patients especially in cases coming from low socioeconomic class and in cases of entitled patients, whose burden is from the government funds.
- Published
- 2020
22. Vibrio cholerae dynamics in drinking water; mathematical and statistical analysis
- Author
-
Habib Bukhari, Mehboob Ali, Zakir Hussain, Faisal Sultan, Anum Zeb Abbasi, Raza Ahmad, and Muhammad Shahzad
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Materials Science (miscellaneous) ,02 engineering and technology ,Bacterial growth ,010402 general chemistry ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Sodium dichloroisocyanurate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Tap water ,medicine ,Statistical analysis ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,Cell Biology ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,medicine.disease ,Cholera ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,0104 chemical sciences ,Diarrhea ,chemistry ,Vibrio cholerae ,Environmental science ,medicine.symptom ,Watery diarrhea ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Cholera is deadly watery diarrhea caused by Vibro cholerae. Approximately 550,000 Pakistani children die each year due to waterborne illnesses including diarrhea. Vibro cholera bacterium strain O1eLtOR is a major cause of diarrhea in Pakistan. Since it is a waterborne bacteria, people relying on tap water (not filtered) are the most vulnerable to this disease. In current study, tap water was disinfected by using different concentrations of sodium dichloroisocyanurate (NADDC) to devise an effective and inexpensive method to make water safe for drinking. Different concentrations of NADDC were utilized to disinfect water and 1.2 mg of NADDC in 40 ml water was effective to disinfect water from bacterial colonies The experimental data is represented through the proposed mathematical model i.e. exponential decay model and statistical analysis of the generated data is also done. The graphical representation is also done to show the exponential decay of bacterial growth. The results of our study reveal that NADCC is an effective chemical agent to purify drinking water from Vibrio cholerae.
- Published
- 2020
23. Comparative residual effect of activated carbon and other organic amendments on immobilization and phytoavailability nickel and other metals to Egyptian Clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) in contaminated soil
- Author
-
Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Tariq Aziz, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Sabir, Saifullah, and Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,010501 environmental sciences ,Residual ,biology.organism_classification ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Nickel ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Organic matter ,sense organs ,Trifolium alexandrinum ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,010606 plant biology & botany ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Activated carbon ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The effect of organic amendments on phytoavailability of nickel (Ni) and other metals in soil may change with time due to transformation of organic matter. We investigated the residual effect of or...
- Published
- 2020
24. Chemical Composition of Fresh Leaves Headspace Aroma and Essential Oils of Four Coriander Cultivars
- Author
-
Sunjeet Kumar, Raza Ahmad, Sidra Saeed, Muhammad Azeem, Raimondas Mozūraitis, Anna-Karin Borg-Karlson, and Guopeng Zhu
- Subjects
solid phase micro extraction ,aroma ,Plant culture ,food and beverages ,coriander leaves ,Plant Science ,free radical scavenging ,headspace ,essential oil ,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ,SB1-1110 - Abstract
Aroma is one of the key food characteristics determining consumers’ perception and acceptability of products. Coriandrum sativum L. is an aromatic herb commonly used as a food additive and taste enhancer. Besides the culinary applications, coriander is also used in traditional medicine, cosmetics, and the food industry. In this study, we aimed to determine aroma composition of fresh chopped leaves and essential oils extracted from the leaves of four coriander cultivars. The essential oils were extracted from the fresh leaves using steam distillation and volatile aroma components were collected from the headspace by solid phase micro extraction technique. Analyses were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Free radical scavenging activity of essential oils was determined by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. The essential oils were also investigated for their anti-microbial potential. The aroma of freshly chopped coriander leaves was characterized by thirteen compounds, including six aldehydes, four alcohols, one ester and one hydrocarbon. The essential oils were comprised of twenty-seven compounds, where (E)-2-decenal, decanal, (E)-2-dodecenal and (E)-2-tetradecenal were the main components in all cultivars. Free radical scavenging activity of the essential oil samples was in the range of 6–15%. The essential oils of Desi and Hybrid cultivars exhibited least minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against all tested bacterial strains. Fresh green leaves of the Desi and Peshawari cultivars were found to be the richest in six carbon chain length alcohols and acetates, which are important constituents of the aroma giving a characteristic odor referred to as the “green note.” The Hybrid cultivar showed the highest free radical scavenging activity, bearing the highest amount of antioxidants. The study revealed that the fresh leaves HS aroma of Desi and Hybrid cultivars were different, however, their essential oils possessed almost similar chemistry and anti-bacterial activity.
- Published
- 2022
25. Contributors
- Author
-
Yawar Abbas, Umair Abbas, Rosazlin Abdullah, Tariq Aftab, Shadma Afzal, Satish Chandra Agarwal, Salman Ahmad, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Tanveer Alam, Haibat Ali, Shaukat Ali, Ahsan Ali, Hirdayesh Anuragi, Muhammad Nadeem Ashraf, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Md Golam Azam, Wardah Azhar, Abdul Azim, Aditya Banerjee, Mainak Barman, Farwa Basit, Renu Bhardwaj, Zhicong Dai, Soustav Datta, Kamini Devi, Prajjal Dey, Debomita Dey, Subhajoy Dey, Vinay Kumar Dhiman, Vivek Kumar Dhiman, Anupam Dikshit, Daolin Du, Santos Truifo Leva Espinoza, Muhammad Umer Farooq, Ahmed Gaber, Nandni Goyal, Khalid Rehman Hakeem, Nur Sa’adah Abdul Halim, Yasir Hamid, Mirza Hasanuzzaman, Jamil Hossain, Akbar Hossain, Babar Hussain, Sajad Hussain, Bisma Imran, Iqra Ishaaq, Md. Riazul Islam, Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal, Saket Jha, Gunja Jha, Nitika Kapoor, Harmanjit Kaur, Ravdeep Kaur, Parminder Kaur, Mahipal Singh Kesawat, Ali Raza Khan, Jaspreet Kour, Chiranjeevi Kulkarni, Pardeep Kumar, Soni Kumari, Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel Latef, Prathibha M.D., Ankita Mallick, Rizwana Maqbool, Pozi Milow, Udit Nandan Mishra, Sanjay K. Mishra, Amarnath Mishra, Umaiya Muzaffar, Aneesa Muzafffar, Lubna Najam, Mudassar Nawaz, Misbah Naz, Muhammad Mudassir Nazir, Khair Ul Nisa, Qadrul Nisa, Himanshu Pandey, Devendra Pandey, Deepu Pandita, Qurban Ali Panhwar, Selukesh Parida, Shanshan Qi, Md. Atikur Rahman, Manjoo Rani, Muhammad Ammar Raza, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Debanjana Saha, Pratik Saha, Abdul Salam, Neerja Sharma, Resham Sharma, Isha Sharma, Mohamed Salah Sheteiwy, Xinning Shi, Ravikant Singh, Parul Singh, Arun Dev Singh, Nivedita Singh, Devendra Singh, Virendra Singh, Nand K. Singh, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, Shrutika Singla, Saima Sohrab, Ying Sun, Najeebul Tarfeen, Muhammad Tariq, Kanika Thakur, Zaid Ulhassan, Wajid Umar, Jorge Ronny Diaz Valderrama, Shabir Hussain Wani, Sylvester Liaw Sin Yong, Mohsin Zafar, Zainab Zafar, Abbu Zaid, Qandeel Zehra, Weijun Zhou, Jianqing Zhu, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Naqshe Zuhra, and Shafeeq ur-Rahman
- Published
- 2022
26. Application of organic amendments and biostimulants for sustainable remediation of metals and metalloids
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Naqshe Zuhra, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Bisma Imran, and Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Published
- 2022
27. Brick Kilns: Types, Emissions, Environmental Impacts, and their Remedial Measures
- Author
-
Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhmmmad Sabir, and Muhammad Fahad Sardar
- Published
- 2022
28. List of contributors
- Author
-
Oluwasegun Michael Abolade, Adewole T. Adetunji, Charles O. Adetunji, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Ojuolape F. Akande, Christian P. Andersen, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Jesus Cantu, Keni Cota-Ruiz, Wanqin Dai, Chaonan Dong, Paul O. Fatoba, Guido Fellet, Kenneth Flores, Jorge Gardea-Torresdey, Jie Hong, Siying Jia, Naum J. Kirwa, Daniel Lizzi, Xingmao Ma, Luca Marchiol, Marta Marmiroli, Polycarp C. Ofoegbu, Clement O. Ogunkunle, Luca Pagano, Laura Pilotto, Cyren M. Rico, Lorenzo Rossi, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Carolina Valdes, Dane C. Wagner, Xiaoxuan Wang, Ejaz Ahmad Waraich, Ye Yuqing, Peng Zhang, and Zhiyong Zhang
- Published
- 2022
29. Contributors
- Author
-
Zahid K. Abbas, Tariq Aftab, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Zahoor Ahmad, Waqas Ahmad, Md. Jahangir Alam, Abdullah Al-Mahmud, Ghalia S.H. Alnusairi, M. Wahid Ansari, Michal Antala, Muhammad Zohaib Aslam, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Aditya Banerjee, Aaliya Batool, Hina Batool, Philip B. Brewer, Subhrajyoti Chatterjee, Mona F.A. Dawood, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Virgilija Gavelien, Anamika Gupta, Mohammad Bilal Hafeez, Farhana Hassan, Vivien Krisztina Hodács, Bernd Honermeier, Akbar Hossain, Ulkar Ibrahimova, Muhammad Ijaz, Md Ariful Islam, Elžbieta Jankovska-Bortkevič, Sigita Jurkonien, M. Nasir Khan, M. Masroor A. Khan, Firdous A Khanday, Sagar Maitra, Mohammad Mukarram, Aarifa Nabi, M. Naeem, Rubina Naseer, Biswajit Pamanick, Deepu Pandita, Mrinalini Prasad, Md. Atikur Rahman, Fahad Ramzan, Rajiv Ranjan, Shabir A. Rather, Ali Raza, Abdur Rehim, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Victoria V. Roshchina, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Muhammad Sarfraz, Abdul Sattar, Amrina Shafi, Shristi Sharma, Renu Sharma, Kanval Shaukat, Ahmad Sher, Zahid H. Siddiqui, Ayushi Singh, Ayaz Latif Siyal, Mona H. Soliman, Réka Szőllősi, Parul Tyagi, Sami Ul-Allah, Wajid Umar, Visha Kumari Venugopalan, Abdul Wahid, Adnan Younis, and Noreen Zahra
- Published
- 2022
30. Required Quality of Sewage Sludge as an Agricultural Soil Amendment
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Muhammad Adnan, Wajid Umar, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Awais, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Bisma Imran Ch, and Ayesha Siddique
- Published
- 2022
31. Full life cycle exposure of plants to nanomaterials: impact on productivity
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Lorenzo Rossi, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, and Ejaz Ahmad Waraich
- Published
- 2022
32. Role of glycine betaine in stress management in plants
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Wajid Umar, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sarfraz, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Zahoor Ahmad, and Muhammad Zohaib Aslam
- Published
- 2022
33. Nanomaterials for Integrated Crop Disease Management
- Author
-
Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Asad Jamil, Muhammad Shabaan, Wajid Umar, Muhammad Jafir, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, and Muhammad Zia ur Rehman
- Published
- 2022
34. Reclaimed Salt-Affected Soils Can Effectively Contribute to Carbon Sequestration and Food Grain Production: Evidence from Pakistan
- Author
-
Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sabir, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Shahbaz, and Jo Smith
- Subjects
Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes ,soil degradation ,carbon sink ,soil properties ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,General Engineering ,General Materials Science ,food security ,food crops ,Instrumentation ,Computer Science Applications - Abstract
Salt-affected soil reclamation provides opportunities for crop production and carbon sequestration. In arid regions such as Pakistan, limited studies have been reported involving soil reclamation and crop production under wheat–maize rotation, but no study has reported predictions on long-term carbon sequestration in reclaimed soils for the treatments used in this study. Thus, a field-scale fallow period and crop production experiment was conducted for wheat–maize rotation on salt-affected soils in Pakistan for 3 years to check the effectiveness of organic amendments for reclamation of the salt-affected soils, carbon sequestration and food grain production. Treatments used were the control (with no additional amendments to reduce salinity), gypsum alone and gypsum in combination with different organic amendments (poultry manure, green manure, and farmyard manure). The treatment with gypsum in combination with farmyard manure was most effective at increasing soil carbon (+169% over the three-year period of the trial). The maximum wheat yield was also recorded in year 3 with gypsum in combination with farmyard manure (51%), while the effect of green manure combined with gypsum also showed a significant increase in maize yield in year 3 (49%). Long-term simulations suggested that the treatments would all have a significant impact on carbon sequestration, with soil C increasing at a steady rate from 0.53% in the control to 0.86% with gypsum alone, 1.25% with added poultry manure, 1.69% with green manure and 2.29% with farmyard manure. It is concluded that food crops can be produced from freshly reclaimed salt-affected soils, and this can have added long-term benefits of carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation.
- Published
- 2023
35. Assessment of noise pollution and its effects on human health in industrial hub of Pakistan
- Author
-
Iftikhar Ahmad, Junaid Latif, Predrag Ilić, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Zubair Aslam, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Sabir, and Muhammad Imran
- Subjects
Evening ,Health Status ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Annoyance ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Soundproofing ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Industry ,Environmental Chemistry ,Pakistan ,Cities ,Sound level meter ,Sound pressure ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Morning ,Noise pollution ,Environmental Exposure ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Noise ,Textile Industry ,Environmental science ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Faisalabad is one of the major industrial cities of Pakistan, which may cause noise pollution to the local residents due to the development of robust industrial and transport systems. This study aimed at (i) mapping the noise pollution levels at various locations of Faisalabad city; (ii) comparing noise pollution levels in the morning, the afternoon, and the evening for each source; and (iii) assessing nonauditory effects of noise on human health. Two industries and 43 famous/busy locations of Faisalabad Sadar were selected to study noise pollution by using the sound level meter for the period of 24 h. A questionnaire-based survey was carried out near the sampling points to get a public perception about the health impacts of noise pollution. The measured equivalent sound pressure levels (SPLeq) were higher than the permissible limits at all the sampling locations during morning, afternoon, and evening hours. The maximum sound pressure level (SPLmax) was 102 dB inside the production unit in the afternoon at Mian Muhammad Siddiq Textile Loom industry. The average SPL was found at State Bank road (102 dB), Children’s Hospital (101 dB), Jhang Bazar (100 dB) in the afternoon and at Punjab Medical College in the evening (97 dB). Based on the survey, 94% of respondents reported headache, 76% sleeplessness, 74% hypertension, 74% physiological stress, 64% elevated blood pressure levels, and 60% dizziness due to noise. Noise pollution is higher than the standard limits and causes auditory as well as nonauditory effects on humans. The vehicles and industrial machinery should be maintained, and sound proofing and protection equipment should be provided to the workforce in order to protect them from extreme noise levels.
- Published
- 2019
36. Metal Contamination of Canal Versus Sewage Water Irrigated Vegetables in Metropolitan Area of Sargodha, Pakistan
- Author
-
Ahsan Shahzad, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sabir, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Predrag Ilic, and Sanaullah Tariq
- Abstract
The reduction in the fresh water supply and increase in the domestic effluents with increase in population and urbanization in the Pakistan force the farmers to use untreated sewage water for the irrigation purposes. Besides high nutrient content Sewage water also have source of metal contamination in the food chain. The present field study was conducted to compare the nickel (Ni), copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) contamination in vegetables grown on soils irrigated with sewage water and canal water in Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan. The Ni, Cu and Pb contamination was assessed using soil quality indices i.e., contamination factor (CF), metal translocation factor (MTF), pollution load index (PLI), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and ecological risk index (ERI) were calculated in the collected samples. The physico-chemical properties of soil and water samples were determined. Based on the results, it was revealed that sewage irrigated areas were at higher risks of metals contamination compared to canal irrigated areas. From the studied metals, Pb showed highest contamination potential based on the soil quality indices. In sewage irrigated sites, metal concentrations were found higher in edible parts of the vegetables confirming that sewage water contains and supply more metals than canal irrigated water and pose more health and ecological risks.
- Published
- 2021
37. Uptake and Transformation of Heavy Metals/Metalloids in Plants
- Author
-
Muhamad Zohaib Aslam, Ayesha Siddique, Asad Jamil, Zahoor Ahmad, Julio E. Quinones, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, and Wajid Umar
- Subjects
Transformation (genetics) ,Chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Heavy metals ,Metalloid - Published
- 2021
38. Ameliorative Effects and Soil Carbon Sequestration Potential of Organic and In-Organic Amendments in Salt-Affected Soils in A Semi-Arid Region of Asia
- Author
-
Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Mohd Sabir, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, and Muhammad Arfan
- Abstract
Soil salinity is a big concern and main factor which limit crop productivity. Salt-affected soils can be reclaimed and used for crop production as well as atmospheric carbon sink. In this study, gypsum (G), organic amendments and their combinations were used to remediate marginally salt-affected soils and increasing carbon stocks in three areas (Dijkot, Uchkera and Jhang). Gypsum along with farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and green manure (GM) were used in this study. Except control, treatment 1 received 100% soil gypsum requirement (SGR), all other 3 treatments received 50% SGR and equal amounts of FYM, PM and GM, respectively. A 45 day’s incubation study comprising 0-, 15-, 30- and 45-days intervals resulted that 45 days interval was more effective in remediation than others. All the amendments effectively reclaimed the salt-affected soils and increased soil carbon stocks by increasing carbon sequestration rate through reduction in soil pH (up to 19%), electrical conductivity (EC) (up to 28%) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) (up to 71.55%). While cation exchange capacity (CEC) (up to 39%), soil organic matter (SOM) (up to 65%), and total nitrogen (TN) (up to 96%) was increased. SOM increase and carbon sequestration was best seen (62%- or 12.59-tons ha-1) in 50% G and FYM application as compared to control (4.45-ton ha-1) in S-1. Results obtained helps in concluding that G and its combinations with organic amendments can effectively reduce the salt concentration in salt-affected soils and helps in organic matter build-up to support crop production and carbon sequestration.
- Published
- 2021
39. Assessment of Drinking Water Quality and Associated Socio-Economic Impacts in Arid Mountainous Regions
- Author
-
Muhammad Asif Saeed, Ghulam Murtaza, Shafaqat Ali, Humera Aziz, Mohammed F. Albeshr, Shahid Mahboob, Irfan Manzoor, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Sabir, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Ayesha Abdul Qadir, and Muhammad Sajjad ur Rehman
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Geography, Planning and Development ,drinking water ,ecotoxicology ,fecal contamination ,health risks ,hepatitis ,Building and Construction ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law - Abstract
We investigated the quality of drinking water and its possible effects on human health in the Dera Ghazi Khan (D. G. Khan) district of Pakistan. Samples were collected from three tehsils of the D. G. Khan district, namely D. G. Khan, Kot Chutta, and Taunsa. A total of 50 samples (n = 50) were collected from the study area using standard procedures. The pH of the water samples ranged from 6.52–8.75, EC 0.31–9.78 dS m−1, and TDS 105–985 mg L−1. The bacterial analysis showed that 9 out of 50 samples (18%) contained pathogenic E. coli bacterial. The results showed that the pH and EC values of some sampling sites exceeded the WHO guidelines for drinking water. It was observed that the pH of only 1 sample, and the EC of 18 samples in D. G. Khan—5 in Kot Chutta and 16 in Tehsil Taunsa—exceeded the WHO guidelines. In terms of E. coli presence and related diseases (hepatitis A, B, and C), we collected data, which were screened and belonged to the sampling sites, from 1378 patients receiving treatment related to hepatitis A, B, and C. It was revealed that 530 patients belonged to the D. G. Khan site, followed by Taunsa (460), and Kot Chutta (388). Based on the results, it was concluded that the quality of drinking water samples generally was good, except for 6% of the samples, assessed using (SAR) and Kelly’s ratio (KR), and 9 sites were positive for E. coli.
- Published
- 2022
40. DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY (ECG) FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY, TAKING ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AS GOLD STANDARD
- Author
-
Rameesha Hussain, Muhammad Fahad, Ayesha Nawaz, Khalid Mehmood, and Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Mean age ,Diagnostic accuracy ,General Medicine ,Gold standard (test) ,Left ventricular hypertrophy ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,Computer software ,medicine ,Cardiology ,cardiovascular diseases ,business ,Electrocardiography - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of Electrocardiography (ECG) of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy, taking echocardiography as a gold standard. SUBJECTS & METHODS: It was a Cross-Sectional Study. The study was conducted in the Medicine Department, Services Hospital, Lahore from February 19, 2018, to August 19, 2018. A total of 300 cases were enrolled. Standardized a 12-lead ECG was used in subjects by Cardiofax electrocardiograph paper speed at 25mm/sec. Two dimensionally (2D) guided M Mode echocardiographic measurements were taken and the presence/absence of LVH was recorded. The collected data was entered and analyzed in computer software SPSS software v25.0. A 2x2 table was drawn to calculate the Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of ECG for LVH taking Echocardiographic findings as a gold standard. RESULTS: Out of 300 cases, 172(57.33%) were male and 128(42.67%) as females. The mean age was 38.72±5.64 years. Accuracy of electrocardiography (ECG) for LVH diagnosis taking echocardiography as the gold standard was calculated as 85.21%, 84.18%, 82.88%, 86.36% and 84.67% as Sn, Sp, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy respectively. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic accuracy of Electrocardiography (ECG) for LVH diagnosis is higher and this diagnostic modality can be used in areas where echocardiography is not available. KEYWORDS: Electrocardiography (ECG), Diagnostic Accuracy, Echocardiography, Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.
- Published
- 2021
41. IMMOBILIZATION OF CHROMIUM BY POULTRY MANURE AND GYPSUM IN SOIL AND REDUCING ITS UPTAKE BY SPINACH GROWN WITH TEXTILE EFFLUENT IRRIGATION
- Author
-
Muhammad Jafar Jaskani, M.A.U. Haq, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, and H. Sattar
- Subjects
Irrigation ,Textile ,Gypsum ,biology ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification ,Chromium ,Soil water ,engineering ,Spinach ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Effluent ,Groundwater ,Food Science - Abstract
Chromium (Cr) is an ecological poison and its concentration is reaching to lethal intensities in soil and plants by irrigating the soil with raw industrial effluents, particularly in developing nations like Pakistan. Poultry manure and gypsum are recognized for their capability to immobilize heavy metals in soils for plant uptake and filtering to ground water. The current trial was conducted under controlled conditions to evaluate the viability of poultry manure (PM) and gypsum applications to mitigate Cr toxicity in spinach grown-up in soil watered with textile effluent. The trial was designed in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions. The treatments were: T1 (Control), T2 (Poultry Manure @ 0.5%), T3 (Poultry Manure @ 1%), T4 (Gypsum @ 0.3%) and T5 (Gypsum @ 0.6%). Chromium uptake by shoots and roots of spinach were enhanced in control plants where only textile effluent was applied. Chromium uptake in roots was higher than shoots. Application of poultry manure and gypsum reduced the Cr toxicity. The shoot length and dry weight of spinach was higher where PM was incorporated @ 1% as compared to gypsum and control. The extent of Cr toxicity mitigation by PM application @ 1% was higher when compared with control. The outcomes of this investigation demonstrated that application of PM @ 1% to the soil could be utilized as a viable approach for diminishing Cr concentration in spinach plants in Crcontaminated soils irrigated with untreated textile effluents
- Published
- 2019
42. The expression of cyanobacterial glycolate–decarboxylation pathway genes improves biomass accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana
- Author
-
Tatheer Alam Naqvi, Charilaos Yiotis, Bruce Osborne, Misbah Bilal, Raza Ahmad, Youn-Il Park, Suk-Yoon Kwon, Anum Zeb Abbasi, Jamshaid Hussain, Ghazal Khurshid, and Mohammad Maroof Shah
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Transgene ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Dehydrogenase ,Plant Science ,Chimeric gene ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Glycolate dehydrogenase ,Molecular biology ,Oxalate decarboxylase ,03 medical and health sciences ,Transformation (genetics) ,030104 developmental biology ,Arabidopsis thaliana ,Photorespiration ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants expressing cyanobacterial decarboxylation genes GLCD1 (GLYCOLATE DEHYDROGENASE I), HDH (HYDROXYACID DEHYDROGENASE), ODC (OXALATE DECARBOXYLASE) alone, and HDH::ODC simultaneously were successfully developed. Plants independently expressing GLCD1, HDH, ODC, and HDH::ODC were referred to as GD, HD, OX, and HX plants, respectively. The single-copy homozygous GD, HD, OX, and HX plants exhibited appreciable expression of chimeric genes. Phenotypic characterization demonstrated that rosette diameter of GD, HD, OX, and HX was 20, 22, 17, and 16% higher than wild-type (WT) plants. Total numbers of leaves were 32, 35, 37, and 34% more than WT plants after 32 days of sowing. Similarly, all transgenic plants produced more cauline branches than WT plants. All transgenic plants gained more height as compared to WT when recorded after 42 days of growth except HX transgenic plants. Plants vegetative dry biomass was 43% (GD), 35% (HD), 42% (OX), and 36% (HX) higher than WT plants. This is the first report on characterization of cyanobacterial decarboxylation pathway genes, which will pave the way for transformation of complete pathway in plants for better biomass accumulation.
- Published
- 2019
43. Heavy metals in urban and peri-urban soils of a heavily-populated and industrialized city: Assessment of ecological risks and human health repercussions
- Author
-
Khalid Mehmood, Roman Abbas, Ghulam Murtaza, Saifullah, and Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Ecological Modeling ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,food and beverages ,Heavy metals ,02 engineering and technology ,Pollution ,Soil contamination ,Human health ,Geography ,Environmental protection ,Soil water ,Cancer risk ,Contaminated food - Abstract
Increasing levels of heavy metals in soil have become a serious concern for human health because they can be easily transferred into the human body through contaminated food web. It is imperative t...
- Published
- 2019
44. Heterogeneous lightweight configuration for protection against 7.62 × 39 mm bullet impact
- Author
-
Abdul Malik, Khurshid Ahmed, and Iram Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
Core (optical fiber) ,Materials science ,Mechanics of Materials ,0103 physical sciences ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,02 engineering and technology ,Building and Construction ,Composite material ,Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality ,01 natural sciences ,010305 fluids & plasmas - Abstract
Configuration of a heterogeneous lightweight material is investigated numerically and experimentally, for protection against 7.62 × 39 mm mild steel core bullet impact. The configuration consists of alumina (Al2O3) tile followed by fiber glass and polyurethane foam, all covered with kev-epoxy layer. Numerical simulations were performed using ANSYS AUTODYN. The 10-mm thick alumina completely disrupts the impacting bullet through blunting and erosion. The fiber glass and polyurethane foam disperse and absorb the propagation of shock wave, respectively. The kev-epoxy cladding seizes any scattering of brittle alumina fragments. The average impact velocity of the bullet was measured to be 710 m/s using high-speed camera. A 10-mm depth of depression spread over a wider area of 3.92 sq in of torso was recorded in blunt force trauma test, which was well within the European, German, and British standards that allow a 20–25 mm backface signature. Due to these characteristics it can be employed as body armor, vehicle armor, and for the safety and security of other critical infrastructures against this bullet and fragment impact. The residual mushroom-shaped bullet and its length of 9.3 mm in numerical simulation is in close agreement with the measured value of the 8.0 mm recovered bullet size and shape.
- Published
- 2019
45. Nitrogen Forms Modify Growth Response and Accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements by Wheat Genotypes in Nickel‐Contaminated Soil
- Author
-
Muhammad Sabir, Sumia Usman, null Saifullah, Sadia Bibi, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Saima Nazar, and Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi
- Subjects
Environmental Chemistry ,Pollution ,Water Science and Technology - Published
- 2022
46. A Preliminary Assessment and Control Strategy of Size Segregated Pollutants in Urban and Peri-urban Areas of Metropolitan Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Author
-
Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Abbas Ali Abid, Khalid Mehmood, and Ping Guo
- Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350 ,Pollutant ,lcsh:QD71-142 ,lcsh:Analytical chemistry ,Air pollution ,Urban area ,medicine.disease_cause ,National Ambient Air Quality Standards ,Metropolitan area ,World health ,Size segregated pollutants ,Analytical Chemistry ,Urbanization ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Vehicular emissions ,Socioeconomics ,Air quality index ,PM10 ,PM2.5 ,lcsh:Environmental sciences ,Environmental quality - Abstract
In recent years, Pakistan has experienced severe and persistent air pollution associated with urbanization and industrialization and it has substantial affects on ecosystem and air quality. In urban and peri urban areas, maximum TSP concentration was observed at Satiana Road (987 µm -3 ) and Chak 215 RB (1123 µgm -3 ). Similarly, maximum PM 10 concentration was recorded at Gutte Wala (782ug m -3 ) and Chak 215 RB (893 µg m -3 ), while maximum PM 2.5 concentrations was observed at Madina Food Mill (621 ug m -3 ) and Chak 215 RB (654 µgm -3 ). The statistical results suggested that there is significant difference between urban and peri-urban areas. Majority of size segregated pollutants including TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 were found with higher values than the United States Environmental Protection agency (US-EPA), national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS), world health organization (WHO) and national environmental quality standards for Pakistan (NEQS-Pak) limits for both urban and peri-urban areas, only 4%, 8% and 4% for TSP, PM 10 and PM 2.5 in urban and TSP (40%) PM 10 (60%) and PM 2.5 (44%) samples in peri urban samples were found under prescribed guidelines. Furthermore, we have also compared metropolitan size segregated pollutant (PM 10 ) with other Pakistan and Asian metropolitan’s cities’ and purposed strategy to control it.
- Published
- 2018
47. An Approach for Open and Reproducible Hydrological Modeling using Sciunit and HydroShare
- Author
-
David G. Tarboton, Raza Ahmad, Jonathan L. Goodall, Young-Don Choi, and Tanu Malik
- Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that the reproducibility of published computational results is critical to advancing science. Creating reproducible computational workflows, however, is burdensome and requires significant work to share the complete package that efficiently encapsulates all required data and software. Computational hydrology is one field that has seen rapid advancements through fast-evolving technologies for supporting increasingly complex computational hydrologic modeling and analysis. This growing model complexity, along with rapidly evolving underlying software technologies, makes the options and approaches for achieving computational reproducibility extremely challenging to settle. We argue that the technologies needed to achieve open and reproducible hydrological modeling can be grouped into three general categories: 1) data (and metadata) sharing, 2) containerizing computational environments, and 3) capturing and executing modeling workflows. While a growing set of science gateways and virtual research environments have been created to support one or more of these technologies to improve reproducibility, the integration and interoperability across all three needs are still lacking, making end-to-end systems still out of reach. The objective of this research is to advance such an end-to-end solution that can support open and reproducible hydrological modeling that effectively integrates data sharing, containerization, and workflow execution environments. Our approach emphasizes 1) well-documented modeling objects shared with meaningful metadata through the HydroShare open repository, 2) version control with efficient containerization using the Sciunit software, and 3) immutable, but flexible, computational environments to use newly developing software packages. A key to this work is advancing Sciunit, a tool for easily containerizing, sharing, and tracking deterministic computational applications, to minimally containerize reproducible hydrologic modeling workflow objects into the same container with version control capabilities. We present how to add new model input and modeling dependencies into the Sciunit container for flexibility and how to create Docker images through Sciunit containers for compatibility with popular containerization tools. In this presentation, we will emphasize both the underlying technological developments made possible through this research along with a user-centric case study showing the application of the technology from a hydrologic modeler’s perspective.
- Published
- 2021
48. List of contributors
- Author
-
Muhammad Adnan, Tariq Aftab, Adeel Ahmad, Hamaad Raza Ahmad, Shakeel Ahmad, Zahoor Ahmad, Khan Bilal Mukhtar Ahmed, Sharif Ahmed, Md. Jahangir Alam, Ahmad Ali, Zulfiqar Ali, Ameena A. AL-surhanee, Ajin S. Anil, Mohsina Anjum, Mohammad Ashfaq, Muhammad Zohaib Aslam, Rana Muhammad Atif, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, Diksha Bagal, Aditya Banerjee, Preetha Bhadra, Karma L. Bhutia, Muhammad Adnan Bukhari, Subhash Chand, Arghya Chattopadhyay, Divya Chauhan, Jyoti Chauhan, Basant Kumar Dadrwal, Prajjal Dey, Asik Dutta, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Abdelhalim I. Ghazy, Akash Hidangmayum, Akbar Hossain, Muhammad Mahroz Hussain, null Indu, Muhmmad Zaffar Iqbal, Deepti Jain, Shakra Jamil, Hanuman Singh Jatav, Shamsa Kanwal, Radhika Keshan, Asif Ali Khan, M. Masroor A. Khan, Nazish Huma Khan, Vipin Kumar, Vivek Kumar, Arnab Kundu, Dalpat Lal, Saima Liaqat, Sagar Maitra, Udit Nandan Mishra, Kiran Kumar Mohapatra, Debojyoti Moulick, Mohammad Mukarram, Muntazir Mushtaq, Aarifa Nabi, M. Naeem, Mohammad Nafees, Maira Naveed, Amina Nisar, Salama A. Ouf, Deepu Pandita, Rukhsar Parwez, Abhik Patra, Biswajit Pramanick, Jos T. Puthur, Abdul Qadeer, null Ragini, Muhammad Khashi u Rahman, Shabir A. Rather, Ravindra Kumar Rekwar, Aryadeep Roychoudhury, Yawar Sadiq, Tooba Saeed, Peer Saffeullah, Bedabrata Saha, Debanjana Saha, null Sahil, Suman Samanta, Nair G. Sarath, A.M. Shackira, Rahil Shahzad, Zoya Shaikh, Laimayum Devarishi Sharma, Vinod Kumar Sharma, Tariq Omar Siddiqi, Faisal Siddique, Ankita Singh, Archana Singh, Indrakant K. Singh, Ragini Singh, Sarika Singh, Satish Kumar Singh, Rajesh Kumar Singhal, Mona H. Soliman, Palliyath Sruthi, Alviya Sultana, Saurav Suman, Neetu Talreja, Ankita Trivedi, Moin Uddin, Shahid Umar, Wajid Umar, Amjad ur Rahman, Shabir Hussain Wani, Abbu Zaid, and Muhammad Zia ur Rehman
- Published
- 2021
49. Physiological mechanisms and adaptation strategies of plants under heavy metal micronutrient deficiency/toxicity conditions
- Author
-
Muhammad Zohaib Aslam, Wajid Umar, Maira Naveed, Zia Ur Rahman Farooqi, Muhammad Adnan, Muhammad Zia ur Rehman, Muhammad Ashar Ayub, and Hamaad Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
Abiotic component ,Micronutrient deficiency ,Agrochemical ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant physiology ,Biology ,Micronutrient ,Biotechnology ,Disturbance (ecology) ,Wastewater ,Toxicity ,business - Abstract
Among all micronutrients, metallic micronutrients are heavy metals by nature. These heavy metal micronutrients (HMmNs) are necessary for the proper functioning of plant cells, growth, and defense mechanisms but can be toxic to plants when taken up in higher concentrations. On the other hand, their deficiency can also cause physiological disturbance in plants and can also make them prone to various biotic and abiotic stresses. An adequate amount of these micronutrients, thus must be applied to plants for normal functioning. In the current scenarios, an excessive supply of these HMmNs through wastewater irrigation, industrial effluent application, and excessive use of agrochemicals is adding to their higher amounts, which is a major concern for sustainable agriculture. Excessive uptake of these metals can create oxidative stress in plants, thus disturbing plants biochemical machinery. The plant tends to avoid these disturbances via adopting tolerance and avoidance strategies which can further be amplified by exogenous suppression of metal concentrations (via application of amendments) as well as genetic engineering. This chapter is an effort to summarize all aspects of plant physiology associated with the normal functioning of plants under HMmNs deficiency and toxicity.
- Published
- 2021
50. Content-defined Merkle Trees for Efficient Container Delivery
- Author
-
Yuta Nakamura, Tanu Malik, and Raza Ahmad
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Search engine indexing ,Containerization ,Databases (cs.DB) ,020206 networking & telecommunications ,Provisioning ,02 engineering and technology ,Merkle tree ,020202 computer hardware & architecture ,Computer Science - Databases ,Scalability ,Container (abstract data type) ,Data_FILES ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Data deduplication ,business ,Computer network ,Content management - Abstract
Containerization simplifies the sharing and deployment of applications when environments change in the software delivery chain. To deploy an application, container delivery methods push and pull container images. These methods operate on file and layer (set of files) granularity, and introduce redundant data within a container. Several container operations such as upgrading, installing, and maintaining become inefficient, because of copying and provisioning of redundant data. In this paper, we reestablish recent results that block-level deduplication reduces the size of individual containers, by verifying the result using content-defined chunking. Block-level deduplication, however, does not improve the efficiency of push/pull operations which must determine the specific blocks to transfer. We introduce a content-defined Merkle Tree (\CDMT{}) over deduplicated storage in a container. \CDMT{} indexes deduplicated blocks and determines changes to blocks in logarithmic time on the client. \CDMT{} efficiently pushes and pulls container images from a registry, especially as containers are upgraded and (re-)provisioned on a client. We also describe how a registry can efficiently maintain the \CDMT{} index as new image versions are pushed. We show the scalability of \CDMT{} over Merkle Trees in terms of disk and network I/O savings using 15 container images and 233 image versions from Docker Hub., Published on HiPC 2020 India
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.