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Family Tengellidae Dahl 1908 Tengellidae Dahl 1908: 194. Diagnosis: Tengellids differ from ctenids in having a canoe-shaped tapetum and the eyes in two recurved rows but the ALE are not set high near the eyes of the posterior row. They differ from pisaurids in having a retrocoxal hymen and from lycosids in having a retrolateral tibial apophysis on the male palp. Distribution: USA, Mexico, Madagascar, Central America, New Zealand, Australia., Published as part of Raven, Robert J, 2012, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae), pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3305 on page 29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280955, {"references":["Dahl, F. (1908) Die Lycosiden oder Wolfsspinnen Deutschlands und ihre Stellung im Haushalt der Natur. Nach statistichen Untersuchungen dargestellt. Nova Acta Academiae Caesaerae Leopoldina-Carolinae Germanicae naturae curiosorum, 88, 175 - 678."]}

Austrotengella hackerae sp. nov. (Figs 1 a���3, 4, 5 a���e, 6 a, b) Material examined: Holotype: Queensland: Tungi Creek, via Jimna, 26 �� 39 'S 152 �� 27 'E, rainforest, pitfall, 1 male, 9 Mar��� 15 May 1997, G. Monteith (QM S 51224) Paratypes: Tungi Creek, 26 �� 39 'S 152 �� 27 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 male, 10 Nov��� 29 Dec 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30198); 2 males, 20 Jan ��� 9 Mar 1997, G. Monteith (QM S 60896). Booloumba Creek, Conondale Range (low), 26 �� 38 'S 152 �� 38 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 female, 26 Oct��� 29 Nov 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 33218); 1 female, 26 Oct��� 29 Nov 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 33212). Other Material Queensland: southeastern: Boombana National Park (��� BCC 1 ���), 27 �� 24 'S 152 �� 47 'E, rainforest: 1 female, 30 Oct��� 1 Dec 2003, QM party (QM S 54869); 5 males, 31 Mar��� 30 Apr 2004, QM party (QM S 54899); 3 males, 2 females, 1���31 Mar 2004, QM party (QM S 54868); 1 female, 21 Apr 2004, C. Burwell, S. Wright, O. Seeman (QM S 64144). Brookfield, Gold Creek Reservoir, 27 �� 29 'S 152 �� 55 'E, closed forest, pitfall: 1 male, 3���18 Mar 1981, R. Raven, V. Davies (QM S 72302); 1 female, 13 May��� 2 Jun 1981, R. Raven, V. Davies (QM S 72301). Bunya Mountains National Park, 26 �� 54 'S 151 �� 33 'E, 1 female, 13 Jan 1978, A. Rozefelds (QM S 51181). Dingo Creek, via Traveston, 26 �� 20 'S 151 �� 52 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 female, 27 Mar��� 18 Aug 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 14177). Little Yabba Creek, 26 �� 37 'S 152 �� 41 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 male, 27 Mar��� 16 Jun 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 14178). Mt Cotton, Michaelsen���s Farm, Site 1, 27�� 37 'S 153 �� 13 'E, rainforest, pitfall, 1 female, 4 Sep��� 9 Oct 1983, J. Gallon (QM S 51979). Mt Glorious���Mt Tenison-Woods, 27 �� 20 'S 152 �� 46 'E, rainforest: 1 female, 29 May 1992, G. Monteith, H. Janetzki, G. Thompson, A. Hiller (QM S 19605); 1 female, 26 Jul 1985, R.J. Raven (QM S 53634); 1 male, 20 Jan��� 26 Jun 1978, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 72303); 1 male, 22 Jan��� 8 Apr 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30404). Mt Kandanga, 26 �� 27 'S 152 �� 34 'E, wet sclerophyll, pitfall, 1 male, 15 Jan��� 27 May 2002, G. Monteith (QM S 72296). Mt Mee, 27 ��04'S 152 �� 41 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 male, 3 Mar��� 12 Apr 1992, D.J. Cook (QM S 72309); 1 female, 28 Oct 1977 ��� 20 Jan 1978, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 72308); 3 females 31 Oct 1978 ��� 13 Feb 1979, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 14187). Mt Tamborine, Palm Grove, 27 �� 55 'S 153 �� 11 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 male, 1 female, 26 Oct��� 14 Dec 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30466); 1 female, 26 Oct��� 14 Dec 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30440); 1 male, 14 Dec 1974 ��� 22 Mar 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30380). Ravensbourne National Park, 27 �� 21 'S 152 �� 11 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 female, 10 Nov 1974 ��� 12 Jan 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30186); 2 males, 3 females, 30 Mar��� 1 Jun 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30385); 1 female, 10 Nov 1974 ��� 12 Jan 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30465). Rochedale State Forest, 27 �� 37 'S 153 ��08'E, ironbark woodland: 1 male, 30 Aug 1979, R. Raven, V. Davies (QM S 33120); 1 male, 7 Oct 1980, R. Raven, V. Davies (QM S 33118). Upper Brookfield, 27 �� 29 'S 152 �� 55 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 male, 27 Feb��� 20 May 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28834); 1 male, 18 Mar��� 23 Apr 1981, V. Davies, R. Raven (QM S 72297). Upper East Kilcoy Creek, 26 �� 45 'S 152 �� 38 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 10 males, 1 female, 9 Mar��� 15 May 1997, G. Monteith (QM S 72300); 1 male, 1 female, 9 Mar��� 15 May 1997, G. Monteith (QM S 39665). Wrattens Camp, via Widgee, 26 �� 14 'S 152 �� 22 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 female, 11 Aug��� 10 Nov 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30384); 2 females, 28 Mar��� 16 Jun 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30415); 1 female, 16 Jun��� 23 Aug 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30390); 1 male, 29 Dec 1974 ��� 28 Mar 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30193). 1 male, Bellthorpe, 26 �� 50 'S 152 �� 41 'E, rainforest, pitfall, 9 Mar��� 15 May, G. and S. Monteith, QM S 51227; female, Buhot Creek, Burbank, 27 �� 35.5 'S 153 �� 10.3 'E, 50m, riparian forest, QM Party. Diagnosis: Males differ from those of A. monteithi in the longer, more slender median apophysis and the ventral groove on the embolus is open for its length and from A. wrighti in the small retroventral flange on the cymbium and the simple tapering embolic tip. Females diifer from those of all other species in the less anteriorly narrowed anterior "neck" of the median epigynal scape and its overall narrowness. Etymology: In honour of Penelope Hacker, a much admired animal carer, and in whose backyard at Mt Glorious the species continues to thrive. Description (Holotype male QM S 51224) Caparace 2.93 long, 2.15 wide. Abdomen 2.70 long, 1.56 wide. Colour in alcohol. Pattern on carapace and abdomen faded. Legs. Tibia to tarsi of all legs with long recurved hairs for length on all faces. Spines: Tibiae I, II: 5 strong pairs ventrally plus pair of small on distal edge; metatarsi I, II with 3 strong pairs ventrally. Claws: paired claws dentate, not noticeably long. Palp. Distal cymbium with noticeably denser brush of hair; cymbium viewed retrolaterally with distinct basodorsal conical mound; retroventral flange small. Tibial apophysis subdistal with pair of dissimilar apices; ventral tibia-cymbial interlocking process small but distinct; median apophysis long, slender, apically folded, origin subcentral on tegulum, shorter in overall length than apically pointed embolus, median apophysis lies within longitudinal extent of embolus. Ventral groove in embolus a distinctly open groove for length. Leg measurements of Austrotengella hackerae, holotype male Description (Allotype female QM S 33212) Caparace 4.03 long, 3.13 wide. Abdomen 4.41 long, 2.54 wide. Colour. Pattern on abdomen faded but more evident than in male. Legs. Spines, tibiae and metatarsi I, II as in male. Paired claws noticeably elongate, especially on IV. Epigyne. An almost parallel-sided median plate, slightly widened at posterior third, at which point medially is a short recurved ridge over the posterior invagination from the otherwise distinct posterior margin; bases of short concial lateral teeth arise just posterior of the line of recurved ridge, teeth directed diagnoally posteriad and line of apices lies just posterior to line of posterior margin. Genital opening plugged for two-thirds its length from proximad by lamellate portion of male palp. Leg measurements of Austrotengella hackerae, allotype female Distribution and Habitat. This most widespread species occurs from Wrattens Camp in the north and as far south along the Conondale Ranges to Mt Tamborine, one range north of Lamington National Park. It occurs coastally in a retreating rainforest (Buhot) in south-eastern Brisbane west to the Great Dividing Range at Ravensbourne. All areas are rainforest or at least closed forest. Remarks: One female (QM S 19605) was taken in a Myrmecia nest., Published as part of Raven, Robert J, 2012, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae), pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3305 on pages 38-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280955

Austrotengella toddae sp. nov. (Figs 2 a���d, 3) Diagnosis: Males differ from those of A. monteithi sp. nov. in having the ventral groove of the embolus open for most of its length but not basally; the retrobasal flange of the cymbium being narrow and rounded, the larger subdistal mound on RTA (Figs 2 a, b) and relatively narrower median apophysis. Females differ in that the posterior epigynal invagination distinctly narrows posteriorly whereas in A. monteithi, it is parallel-sided. Etymology: In honour or Dr Valerie Davies, for her much appreciated teaching in critical thinking. Material examined: Holotype: male, Lamington National Park IBISCA (Site 500 C, Sampcode 30786), 474 m, dung baited pitfall, 23���28 Oct 2006, 28�� 21 ���S 153 �� 13.9 ���E, R. Menendez, G. Monteith, (QM S 76432). Paratypes: allotype female, O'Reillys, Lamington National Park, 153 �� 10 'S 28 �� 12 'E, 945m, 22 Jul 1973, R. Raven (QM S 33219); male, Repeater Station, Springbrook, 28 �� 14 'S 153 �� 16 'E, SE.QLD, 1100m, rainforest, pitfall, 25 May��� 13 Oct 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 33210). Other Material: Lamington National Park, rainforest: 28 �� 12 'S 153 �� 10 'E, 945m, rainforest, 1 female, 22 Jul 1973, R.J. Raven (QM S 33219); Lower Albert River (south-facing slope), 28 �� 17 'S 153 ��05'E, 245m, pitfall, 1 male, 4 Apr��� 8 Sep 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28838); O'Reillys, 28 �� 13 'S 153 ��08'E, 945m, pitfall, 1 male, 1 Oct��� 18 Nov 1980 (QM S 18505); Mt Bithongabel, 28 �� 15 'S 153 �� 10 'E, 1160m, pitfall: 1 male, 31 Jan��� 11 Apr 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28835); 1 male, IBISCA survey, site 700 B, 775m, 6���9 Oct 2006, K. Staunton, B. Baehr (QM S 81008). Numinbah Arch, Nerang Valley, 28 �� 12 'S 153 �� 13 'E, 305m, rainforest, pitfall, 1 male, 26 Oct��� 14 Dec 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 30449). Same data as holotype, 1 female, 25 May��� 13 Oct 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 33206). Tomewin Range, Currumbin, 28 �� 13 'S 153 �� 22 'E, 500m, pitfall, 1 male, 1989, G. Monteith, D. Cook (QM S 37871). Upper Tallebudgera Valley, 28 �� 14 'S 153 �� 16 'E, 550m, rainforest, pitfall, 1 female, 8 Jan��� 17 Mar 1985, G. Monteith, G. Thompson, D. Cook (QM S 72299). Description (Holotype male QM S 76432) Carapace 3.41 long, 2.72 wide. Abdomen 2.72 long, 1.36 wide. Colour. Carapace orange brown with wide mottled brown dusky band from PLE subcentrally to back slope; margin edged in black. Abdomen dorsally brown with bell-shaped pattern and posterior chevrons. Legs yellow brown with slightly dark femora distally. Chelicerae red-brown. Sternum, maxillae and labium yellow brown. Abdomen ventrally paler gray with white spots in band along ventrolateral edge. Carapace. Lightly hirsute with long fine hairs on margins and uniformly in darker areas. Fovea long, ca. 0.25 carapace length. Caput arched gently, neatly demarcated; otherwise like Dolomedes, without marginal plateau. Eyes. Eight, in two recurved rows, all of similar size but ALE smallest, PLE biggest. AME on common tubercle. Sizes of AME: ALE: PME: PLE, 10: 11: 11: 14. Interspaces (same scale as eyes): AME���AME, 8; AME���ALE, 3; PME���PME, 8; PME���PLE, 15. Ratio of front width: Back width: length, 55: 76: 45. Chelicerae. Long fang with 3 teeth on retromargin, 2 on promargin. Maxillae. Rectanguloid, anteriorly diagonally truncate. Labium. Slightly longer than wide. Sternum. broad flat shield without intercoxal extensions. Legs. Retrocoxal hymen large, dominant; tarsi without predistal fracture; tibiae without basal fracture. All trochanters equally and distinctly notched, each notch about 2���3 times wider than deep. Leg measurements of Austrotengella toddae, holotype male Trichobothria. 12���15 dorsally on tarsi in band. Tarsal organ subdistal, distinctly raised; dorsal tarsi slopes down from it. Claws. Three; paired long, slender, with 4 long teeth distally; unpaired long, curved, bare on all legs. Spines. I: fe pv 1 p 3 d 3 r 3; pa 0; ti p 1 r 1 pv 6 rv 6; me p 1 pv 3 rv 3, without distal whorl. II: fe pv 1 p 3 d 3 r 3; pa 0; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2.2.2.2; me p 2 r 1 v 2.2.2. III: p 3 d 3 r 4; pa p 1; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 r 3 v 2.2.4. IV: fe p 4 d 3 r 2; pa p 1; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 r 4 v 2.2.4. Palp: fe p 1 d1.1.2r 1; pa 0; ti p 2 d 1; cymbium 0. Palp. Tibia elongate with low distal RTA with two low longitudinally ridges lobes; distoventral tibia two coniform processes interlocking with cymbial process. Bulb with large tegulum encircling reniform median apophysis; embolus distal, basally fused to tegulum, narrowly triangular with distal fluting; conductor small, broad, palmshaped, localised near embolus tip. Longitudinal extents of median apophysis and embolus overlap by 60 %. Description (Allotype female QMS 33219) Carapace 4.56 long, 3.69 wide. Abdomen 5.00 long, 3.13 wide. Colour. As for male. Carapace. As for male. Eyes. As for male. Chelicerae. 3 similar teeth on each margin, promarginal row juxtaposed and lower. No enlarged fang setae. Maxillae. Inner edge gently sinuous, outer edge convex; basally and distally truncate; distally scopula not arising from pallid cuticle. With diagonal groove from base for length of labium. Labium. As for male. Sternum. Shield-shaped; no modifications; margins hirsute with erect bristles. Spines. Pair of proventral spines on femora with closely set bases, on both left and right femora; only one on fe II. I: fe pv 2 p 3 d 3 r 4; pa0; ti v2.2.2.2.2.2; me v2.2.2. II: fe pv 1 p 3 d 3 r 4; pa0; ti p 2.r 1 v 2.2.2.2.2.2; me v2.2.2. III: fe p 3 d 3 r 4; pa0; tip 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 r 3 v 2.2.2. IV: fe p 3 d 3 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 r 3 v 1.1.1.2.2.2. Palp: fe p 1 d 1.2; pa p 1; ti p 2.1 d 1; ta p 2.1.r 2.1 v 2 distal. On ventral tibia I, II with riased bases, and mid-distal 3 pairs very long; very long on metatarsi I, II, with 50 % overlap; third pair subdistal, very lateral. Legs. Patella III ventrally with long deep but narrow invagination, medially forked into basal half. Trochanters darkly sclerotised. Legs break easily at patella tibia and femur-trochanter joints. Strong pre-coxal sclerites I���IV. Scopula and claw tufts entirely absent. Metatarsal membrane unilobate. Palpal tarsi spindle-shaped in lateral view, not arched; without tuft or dorsal scopula. Lateral metatarsi and tarsi I with narrow band of thickened hair like scopula; absent from ventral face. Paired claws, with 1 medial row of 5 short slender teeth basally on pro- and retroclaws. Leg measurements of Austrotengella toddae, allotype female Trichobothria. Double band for full length on metatarsi and tibiae; on metatarsi, trichae very long. Tarsi with two irregular rows of long trichobothria for length. Abdomen. Tracheal spiracle short, marked by slightly sclerotised square evident through cuticle. Spinnerets. Small triangular hirsute colulus. ALS bases slightly separated, slightly bigger diameter than PLS; distal segment with sclerotised basal ring, entally indented for slightly larger spigots. PLS basally cylindrical but short with long but coniform apical segment. PMS cylindrical with spigots on dorsally extended surface of tip. Epigyne. Large triangular septum scape-like, hirsute, deeply undercut laterally, flanked by pair of large concavities and deeply invaginated, laterodistally with pair of small distinct transverse triangular teeth. Copulatory fossa at posterior lateral junctions of septum; large columnar plate runs dorsoventrally from fossae and with posterobasal fertilisation duct (e.g., Fig. 2 d). Distribution and Habitat. Known from upland (ca. 1000m) and lowland (ca. 100m) rainforest areas in southeastern Queensland and northern New South Wales. Remarks: Davies (1977) reported this species as " Pisauridae sp. 1 "., Published as part of Raven, Robert J, 2012, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae), pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3305 on pages 36-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280955, {"references":["Davies, V. (1977) Spiders. In: Fauna of Eastern Australian Rainforests II. Queensland Museum, Brisbane, pp. 1 - 87, pls. 1 - 17."]}

Austrotengella gen. nov. Diagnosis: Differs from Bengalla in the form of the male tibial apophysis (e.g., Figs 8 b���e), the extensive epigynal scape (e.g., Fig. 2 c), and from both Huntia and Bengalla in having more than 4 pairs of spines ventrally on tibiae I and II, the posterior row of eyes being recurved (Fig. 1 b) and the very long paired and unpaired claws. Differs from Amauropelma in the absence of claw tufts and the presence of a third claw. Description: Eight eyes in two rows, both rows clearly recurved from above and in front; anterior row about two-thirds width of posterior row; from front, ALE set only about half AME diameter above AME line; PME with canoe-shaped tapetum; eye group occupying 0.6 of headwidth (Fig. 1 a). Three claws; claw tufts absent; paired claws similar, very long with few teeth basally; third claw long, bare. Retrocoxal hymen present on leg I only, pretarsal fracture absent. Tibiae I, II of females with 5 pairs of strong ventral spines with small distal pair; 3 pairs of strong spines ventrally on metatarsi I, II; similar number in males but weaker. General spine conformation: femora I only with 2 very strong subdistally on proventral face; femora I���IV also with spines prolaterally, dorsally and retrolaterally; patellae I, II aspinose; patellae III, IV and palp with one spine; tibiae III, IV typically p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2, ventral spines weak; metatarsi II also with spines prolaterally, dorsally and retrolaterally; metatarsi III, IV typically p 2 r 3 v 2.2.2��� 3, ventral spines weak; female palp typically, fe p 1 d 2; pa p 1; ti p 2 d 1; ta p 2.1 d 1 r 1 with 2 small spines ventrally just behind claw. Scopulae entirely absent on legs. Preening combs absent. Two rows of trichobothria on tibia, metatarsi and tarsi; trichobothrial bases collariform (Fig. 5 d); trochanters all with similarly shallow notches. Male tibiae without basal fracture. Tarsal organ low, keyhole-shaped (Fig. 5 d). Six spinnerets with short ALS and PLS and short apical segment (Fig. 1 c); females with 5���6 large conical spigots dorsolaterally on PMS, largest spigots evident dorsally in two rows (A. wrighti); PMS as long as PLS but more slender, conical, cribellum absent; colulus indistinct, small, circular, sclerotised hirsute area. Male palp with median apophysis (Fig. 2 a), broad embolus and conductor; U-shaped subtegulum; extensive tegulum; interlocking tegular-subtegular lobes present. Median apophysis shaped like blunt-ended canoe, open face upward, with distal edge twisted, folded back on itself, translucent. Conductor large, flared, hyaline. Embolus a broad process with ventral groove (Fig. 2 a, 5 a), which may be basally closed to open for its full length and thus evident as more pallid zone. RTA set on retrolateral to retrodorsal edges with two shallow apices, surfaces of apices lamellate (Fig. 8 f); cymbium shallow, canoe-shaped with conical tip with or without dorsal process, interlocking lobes present between cymbium and distal tibia both ventrally and prolaterally (Figs. 8 b, d). Scopulae absent or, rarely, weak on cymbium. Epigyne with lateral teeth, broad median plate with (Fig. 2 c) or without (Fig. 13 c) posterior invagination; transverse recurved ridge on septum (Fig. 2 c); internally quite simple. Females remain with eggsac, which is silked to the underside of logs or rocks, sometimes it is soil- and barkencrusted. Type Species. Austrotengella toddae sp. nov. Species Included: Austrotengella toddae sp. nov., Austrotengella hackerae sp. nov., Austrotengella hebronae sp. nov., Austrotengella monteithi sp. nov., Austrotengella plimeri sp. nov., Austrotengella wrighti sp. nov. Distribution and Habitat (Fig. 3). Known only from rainforests in southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales where it is common in the litter. Most species occur at elevations below 760 metres. Significantly, A. toddae occurs only at Lamington National Park. Prior to 2006, when the only sites sampled were at elevations above 800 metres, spiders were found. However, in the IBISCA survey (2006 / 2007) at elevations from 300���1100 metres, adult spiders were only found at 500m and 700 metres with one juvenile taken at 900m. This is discussed further below. Relationships. Austrotengella is excluded from Pisauridae and other higher lycosoids (sensu Silva 2003; Raven and Stumkat 2005) by the canoe-shaped tapetum. Equally, females remain with the eggsac, which is silked to the underside of logs and rocks, and were soil- and bark-encrusted. Forster and Forster (1999: 115) reported this also for Cycloctenus. From the front, the ALE of Austrotengella are beside the AME. Remarks: Interspecific differences in somatic characters in this genus are diffuse; hence, species are diagnosed exclusively on the genitalia. Closely related species may be more readily diagnosed by the female epigyne than the male palp. Differences between closely related species are small and difficult to unambiguously describe but they are consistent., Published as part of Raven, Robert J, 2012, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae), pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3305 on pages 29-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280955, {"references":["Silva, D. (2003) Higher-level relationships of the spider family Ctenidae (Araneae: Ctenoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 274, 1 - 86.","Raven, R. J. & Stumkat, K. S. (2005) Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: II. Zoropsidae (Lycosoidea: Araneae). Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 50, 347 - 423.","Forster, R. R. & Forster, L. (1999) Spiders of New Zealand and their Worldwide Kin. University of Otago Press, Dunedin, vii + 270 pp."]}

Austrotengella hebronae, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 6 c, d) Material examined: Holotype: female, Mt Boss State Forest (valley), 31 �� 12 'S 152 �� 24 'E, New South Wales, Oct 1980, G. A. Webb, AM KS 42851. Diagnosis: The female differs from those of A. wrighti by the more anterior position of the epigynal teeth, the relatively narrower median plate and the recurved angular ridge posteriorly on the plate. Males are unknown. Etymology: In honour of Mrs Wendy Hebron, for her much appreciated support in illustration, sorting and collection management. Description (Holotype female AM KS 42851) Carapace 4.68 long, 3.12 wide. Abdomen damaged. Colour. Carapace yellow brown with slightly darker markings medially. Abdomen colour and pattern faded. Spines. I: femur pv 2 p 2 r 3; tibia p 2 r 2 pv 5 rv 5; me p 1 r 1 v 2.2.2. II: femur pv 1 p 3 d 3 r 3; tibia p 2 r 1 pv 5 rv 5; me p 1 r 1 v 2.2.2. III: fe pv 1 p 3 d 3 r 4; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 r 3 v 2.2.2. IV: fe p 4 d 3 r 2; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 r 2 v 2.2.2. Palp: fe p 1 d 1.2; ti pv 1 d 1.2 r 1; ti p 2 pv 1 very long; ta p 1 r 2, two basal very long. Claws. Paired claws long, slender curved with 2���3 small teeth basally; on leg IV, very long. Third claw long, distinct, bare. Spinnerets. 5���6 large conical spigots dorsolaterally on PMS; PMS themselves, as long as PLS, conical. Epigyne. Broad, ventrally domed, heart-shaped plate with narrow septum anteriorly; posterolaterally with transverse tooth on each side, teeth subdistal, just posterior of widest point of median plate and clearly separated from epigastric groove; teeth short and directed downward, posteriorly and medially. Recurved angular ridge posteriorly on plate. Distribution: Known only from Mt Boss State Forest, northern New South Wales. This is the southern-most record of this genus. Leg measurements of Austrotengella hebronae, holotype female Austrotengella monteithi, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 7 a, b, 8 a���f, 9 a���c, 10 a, b) Material examined: Holotype: male, Cooran Tableland (barracks), 26 �� 17 'S 152 �� 49 'E, SE.QLD: 1 male, 12 Apr 1995, G.Monteith, K. Koch, G. Thompson (QM S 57227). Paratypes: Cooran Plateau, via Traveston, 26 �� 20 'S 152 �� 47 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 1 female, 9 Nov��� 31 Dec 1974, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 33221); 2 females, 28 Mar��� 13 Aug 1975, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 14186 =allotype, plus one for juvenile); Cooloola, Lake Poona, 26 �� 12 'S 153 ��03'E, SE.Q, April 1979, G. Monteith (QM S 72310); Enterprise Mine, North Stradbroke I, Blackbutt #1, 27�� 33 'S 153 �� 27 'E, blackbutt, pitfall: 1 male, 22���23 Jan 2002, D.J. Cook (QM S 56470); 1 male, 8���22 Jan 2002, Queensland Museum Party (QM S 55776); 1 male, 0.5 k N Cooran Tableland (barracks), 26 �� 17 'S 152 �� 50 'E, SE.QLD, 16 Jan��� 27 May 2002, flight intercept, rainforest, G.Monteith (QM S 86414). Etymology: In honour of Dr Geoff Monteith without whose strident activities over the past 35 years the invertebrate fauna of eastern Australia would be much more poorly known. Diagnosis: Males differ from those of A. toddae in smaller subbasal mounds on RTA and relatively broader median apophysis, and from those of A. hackerae in the broad retrobasal cymbial flange, distinct retrodorsal cymbial cone, and the ventral groove of the embolus is open only on the tip. Females differ from thoose of A. hackerae in the shorter more deeply recurved invagination on the posterior septum and relatively broader anterior portion of the anterior septum. Description (Holotype male QM S 57227) Caparace 4.43 long, 3.58 wide. Abdomen 3.69 long, 2.27 wide. Colour. Pattern on carapace and abdomen similar to A. hackerae (Fig. 4). Palp. RTA subdistal with simple single apex with two small mounds subdistally of tip; ventral tibia-cymbial interlocking process distinct; lateral one not so evident; basodorsal cymbium rounded, not posteriorly projected (Fig. 7 b cf. 5 e); median apophysis large, origin is central on tegulum; similar in overall length to bluntly tipped embolus; longitudinal extents overlap by 30���50 %. Ventral groove of embolus closed for almost its entire length, only open near the tip. Leg measurements of Austrotengella monteithi, holotype male Description (Allotype female QM S 14186) Caparace 3.99. long, 3.65 wide. Abdomen 4.40 long, 3.05 wide. Colour (formalin-fixed). Carapace orange brown with brown edges and broad brown "donut" area around fovea and caput, central pallid zone in two parts, yellow ovoid area behind eyes and trianguloid area around fovea. Chelicerae orange brown; coxae pallid, dorsally with wide median dark stripe. Legs with 3 irregular annulations on femora, otherwise dark orange brown. Abdomen collapsed, venter mottled pallid, marginally mottled. Carapace. Glabrous except for pile of long white hairs in head region and around eyes. Eyes. From above, configuration is 2.4. 2. AER recurved from above. PER in two separated rows. Spines. Femora: I, fe pv 2 strong p 3 d 2 r 2; II, pv 2 weak p 2 d 3 r 4; III, p 4 d 3 r 4; IV, p 3 d 3 r 2; palp, p 1 d 1.2. Patellae, I, II, 0; III, IV, palp, d 1. Tibiae: I, II v2.2.2.2.2 + 2 distal; III, IV, p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; palp, p 2 d 1. Metatarsi: I, II, v2.2.2; III, p 2 r 3 v 2.2.2; IV, p 2 r 1 v 2.1.2.3. Palpal tarsus, p 2.1 d 1 r 1 v 2. Claws. Long, curved with 3���4 small teeth basally. Palpal claw long with 3 basal teeth. Spinnerets. Invaginated. Leg measurements of Austrotengella monteithi, allotype female Epigyne. Long rectanguloid plate with short narrow septum anteriorly; septum quickly widens to cordiform, posterolaterally with transverse tooth on each side, teeth subdistal, just posterior to widest part of median plate, well back from epigastric groove; teeth short, directed diagonally and medially. Posterior margin of septum with broad shallow recurved ridge. Distribution and Habitat. Known only from rainforest on the Cooran Plateau, and coastal rainforests at Cooloola and North Stradbroke Island, southeastern Queensland., Published as part of Raven, Robert J, 2012, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae), pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3305 on pages 41-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280955

Austrotengella plimeri, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 11 a���d) Material examined: Holotype: male, Tweed Range (T 2-14), 28 �� 28 'S 153 ��00'E, NSW, 17 Feb 1989, H. Smith, Hines, Pugh, Webb, AM KS 48914. Paratype: allotype, female, QMS30401, 1 fem., Brindle Creek, Wiangaree, 28 �� 28 'S 153 ��03'E, NSW, rainforest, pitfall, 17 Nov��� 27 Dec 1974, G. and S. Monteith. Diagnosis: the male is similar to those of A. toddae from which they differ by the relatively smaller median apophysis and distal embolus, which are not or hardly overlapping in longitudinal extents and the chelate RTA. Ventral groove of embolus open for its entire length. Etymology: In honour of Professor Ian Plimer, geologist, for his provocative contributions to issues of climate change. Description (Holotype male AM KS 48914) Carapace 4.45 long, 3.44 wide. Abdomen damaged. Palp. RTA distal, distally chelate with each "claw" of similar size. Ventral tibia with small triangular apophysis. Basodorsal cymbium rounded, not posteriorly projected (Fig. 11 b); median apophysis small, origin basal on tegulum; slightly longer than bluntly-tipped embolus, longitudinal extents only very slightly overlapping, if at all. Ventral groove of embolus clearly open for its entire length. Spines. Leg I missing. Tibia II: v.2.2.2.2.2; me v2.2.2. Otherwise like A. toddae male. Claws. Paired claws long, slender curved with 2���4 small teeth in basal fifth of claw. Third claw long, curved bare. Leg measurements of Austrotengella plimeri, holotype male Description ( Allotype female QMS 30401) Carapace 2.41 long, 2.03 wide. Abdomen 2.53, 2.03 wide. Colour in alcohol. Carapace yellow brown with subcentral darker band extending forward to lateral of eyes; dark spindle-shaped mark anterior to fovea. Abdomen pallid, pattern faded. Eyes. From above, AME on tubercle that slightly overhangs clypeus. Spines. None on pedal patellae. Femur I with proventral two strong spines distally plus p 1 d 3 r 3. Femur II p 3 d 3 r 4; ti also with p 2. Tibiae I, II with 5 pairs of long spines and one small distal pair; metatarsi I, II with 3 strong pairs ventrally. III: fe p 5 d 4 r 3; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v. 2.2.2; me p1.2.1r1.1.1v2.2.3. IV: fe p 3 d 3 r 2; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 1.1 r1.1.2v2.2.3. Palp: fe p 1 d 1.2; pa p 1; ti d 2 p 3; ta p 3 d 1 r 1 plus small distoventral pair. Epigyne. Rectanguloid plate with broad septum anteriorly; posterolaterally with transverse tooth on each side, teeth distal, posterior of median plate on line of epigastric groove; teeth short, directed diagonally medially. Posterior margin of septum with deeply U-shaped subdistal invagination. Distribution: Known only from Tweed Range, northeastern New South Wales. Austrotengella wrighti, sp. nov. (Figs 3, 12 a, b, 13 a���d) Material examined: Holotype: male, Mt French, via Boonah, SE.Q., 28 ��00'S 152 �� 36 'E, rainforest, pitfall, G. and S. Monteith, 25 Aug��� 10 Oct 1976, S 28845. Paratypes: Queensland: Mt French, via Boonah, 28 ��00'S 152 �� 36 'E, rainforest, pitfall: 2 males, taken with holotype, ex S 28845; 2 males, 8 May��� 25 Aug 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28836); 2 females, 22 Feb��� 8 May 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28842); 1 male, 5 Oct 1975 ��� 22 Feb 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28843); 3 males, 3 females, 5 Oct 1975 ��� 22 Feb 1976, G. and S. Monteith (QM S 28844). New South Wales. 13 males, Top end of Tucker Box Road, Beaury State Forest, NSW 28 �� 28 'S 152 �� 24 'E, 740m, M. Gray, G. Cassis, 4 Feb��� 3 Apr 1993, AMKS 36272. Etymology: In honour of Mr Jeff Wright, Queensland Museum, whose consummate skills in the photography of small terrestrial invertebrates are honored. Diagnosis: Females differ from those of A. toddae by the broader epigynal plate without posterior deep invagination; males of the two species are best separated by the clearly dissimilar lobes of the RTA. Males differ from those of A. monteithi in the broad retroventral cymbial flange and the apex of the embolus is arrowhead-like. Males with conical extension of cymbium basally over tibia; epigyne with broad anterior septum and posteriorly set lateral teeth. Description (Holotype male QM S 28845) Carapace 3.94 long, 3.25 wide. Abdomen 3.88 long, 2.31 wide. Carapace, legs, spines and chelicerae as in A. toddae. Leg measurements of Austrotengella wrighti, holotype male Palp: tibia with large subdistal retrodorsal apophysis with two blunt apices. Tibia distally with 2 apophyses: ventrally a process forms notch in which complementary lobe on retrobasal cymbium interlocks; prolateral of that process a concave invagination prodorsally bounded by low ridge, which fits into a groove on prodorsal cymbium basally. Cymbium dorsally forms cone extending basally over distal tibia; dorsal scopula absent; retrolateral groove absent; retroventral flange of cymbium distinctly widened. In resting position, cymbium twisted so that normal ventral face diagonally faces ectally. Tegulum conical with large median apophysis and slightly smaller embolus; longitudinal extents of which overlap by 30���50 %. Ventral groove of large embolus widely open for its length and tip arrowhead-like. Description ( Allotype Female QM S 28842) Carapace 3.60 long, 3.80 wide. Abdomen 3.88 long, 2.60 long. Colour. As for A. toddae but coxae dorsally yellow brown with broad light shadow stripe. Epigyne. Broad, ventrally flat or slightly concave, broadly pear-shaped with broad anterior septum, widest point in posterior fifth, posteriorly slightly concave; lateral teeth set posterior of widest point, short conical directed medially and posteriorly. Genital opening plugged with more than just embolus. Spinnerets. Expanded, two lines, each of 4, of largest spigots on spinnerets on PMS dorsally and, as with ALS and PLS apically with ring of smaller but long spigots; PMS as long as PLS, conical. Distribution and Habitat: Known only from rainforest at Mt French, southeastern Queensland and in northern New South Wales at Beaury State Forest., Published as part of Raven, Robert J, 2012, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders. V. A new lycosoid genus from eastern Australia (Araneae: Tengellidae), pp. 28-52 in Zootaxa 3305 on pages 46-51, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.280955

Kapitia obscura Forster Figures 308–329 Kapitia obscura Forster, 1956: 166, figs. 140–144 (male holotype and female allotype from Kapiti Island, New Zealand, in CMC; examined). – Paquin et al., 2010: 32, figs. 10.1–10.4. DIAGNOSIS: With the characters of the genus, an abruptly bent embolus (figs. 323–325), and receptacula as in figures 328, 329. MALE (PBI_ OON 26044, figs. 323–327, images of nonsexual characters based on female): Total length 1.26. Cephalothorax: Carapace yellow, without any pattern, ovoid in dorsal view, pars cephalica flat in lateral view (fig. 309), anteriorly narrowed to 0.49 times its maximum width or less, with rounded posterolateral corners, posterolateral edge without pits, posterior margin not bulging below posterior rim, anterolateral corners without extension or projections, posterolateral surface without spikes, surface of elevated portion of pars cephalica smooth, sides smooth, pars thoracica without depressions, fovea absent, without radiating rows of pits; lateral margin straight, smooth, without denticles; plumose setae near posterior margin of pars thoracica absent (fig. 308). Clypeus margin unmodified, straight in front view, vertical in lateral view, low, ALE separated from edge of carapace by less than their radius, median projection absent. Eyes six, well developed, all subequal, ALE oval, PME oval, PLE circular; posterior eye row recurved from above; ALE separated by their radius to diameter, ALE-PLE touching, PME touching throughout most of their length, PLE-PME touching (fig. 310). Sternum longer than wide, white, uniform in coloration, not fused to carapace, median concavity absent, without radial furrows between coxae I–II, II–III, III–IV, radial furrow opposite coxae III absent, surface smooth, without pits, microsculpture absent, sickle-shaped structures absent, anterior margin unmodified, posterior margin extending posteriorly beyond anterior edges of coxae IV as single extension, anterior corner unmodified, lateral margin without infracoxal grooves, distance between coxae approximately equal, extensions of precoxal triangles absent, lateral margins unmodified, without posterior hump; setae sparse, light, needlelike, evenly scattered, originating from surface, without hair tufts (fig. 311). Mouthparts white. Chelicerae slightly divergent, without teeth, anterior face unmodified; fangs without toothlike projections, directed medially, shape normal, without prominent basal process, tip unmodified; setae light, needlelike, evenly scattered. Labium rectangular, not fused to sternum, anterior margin indented at middle, same as sternum in sclerotization; with one or two setae on anterior margin, subdistal portion with unmodified setae (fig. 312). Endites distally not excavated, serrula present as single row of teeth, anteromedian tip unmodified, posteromedian part unmodified, same as sternum in sclerotization. Abdomen: Ovoid, without long posterior extension, rounded posteriorly, interscutal membrane rows of small sclerotized platelets absent posteriorly; dorsum soft portions yellow, without color pattern; book lung covers small; pedicel tube short, unmodified, scutopedicel region unmodified, plumose hairs absent, matted setae on anterior ventral abdomen in pedicel area absent, cuticular outgrowths near pedicel absent; dorsal, epigastric, postepigastric and spinneret scuta absent; setae light, needlelike, epigastric area setae not enlarged at base; dense patch of setae anterior to spinnerets absent. Colulus absent. Legs: Yellow, without color pattern; femur IV not thickened, same size as femora I–III, tibia I unmodified, tibia IV specialized hairs on ventral apex absent, tibia IV ventral scopula absent, metatarsi I, II mesoapical comb absent, metatarsi III, IV weak ventral scopula absent. Leg spines absent. Tarsal claws with inner tooth row displaced to tip of claw, inner faces striated, inferior claw absent (figs. 316, 317). Trichobothrial base with arched ridge (fig. 318). Tarsal organs apparently with four receptors on anterior legs, three on posterior legs and palps (figs. 319–322). Genitalia: Epigastric region with sperm pore not visible; furrow without Ω-shaped insertions, without setae. Palp of normal size, not strongly sclerotized, right and left palps symmetrical, proximal segments white; embolus light, prolateral excavation absent; trochanter of normal size, unmodified; femur of normal size, two or more times as long as trochanter, without posteriorly rounded lateral dilation, attaching to patella basally; patella shorter than femur, not enlarged, without prolateral row of ridges, setae unmodified; tibia with trichobothria; cymbium white, ovoid in dorsal view, not fused with bulb, not extending beyond distal tip of bulb, without stout setae, without distal patch of setae; bulb white, without sclerotized sperm duct (figs. 323, 324), embolus abruptly bent (fig. 325). FEMALE (PBI_ OON 26045, figs. 308–322, 328, 329): Total length 1.63. Palpal tarsus without claw or spines, unmodified, patella without prolateral row of ridges (figs. 313, 314), tibia with three trichobothria (fig. 315). Anterior receptaculum with ventral expansion at base, tip microphone-shaped, posterior receptaculum long, ovoid (figs. 328, 329). MATERIAL EXAMINED: New Zealand: North Island: Cook Strait: Kapiti Island, May 1947, leaf litter (R. Forster, CMC 1192, 1193, PBI _ OON 26044, 26045), 1♂, 1♀ (holotype, allotype); Nigger Head, Apiti-Utawai, Sept. 28, 1972, roadside (C. Wilton, OMD PBI _ OON 26512), 2♀; summit, Three Kings, Nov. 28, 1970 (G. Ramsay, OMD PBI _ OON 26508), 1♂. DISTRIBUTION: The few available records span the full length of the North Island of New Zealand., Published as part of Platnick, Norman I., Abrahim, Naiara, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Andriamalala, Daniela, Baehr, Barbara C., Baert, Léon, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia, Dupérré, Nadine, Eichenberger, Beata, Fannes, Wouter, Gaublomme, Eva, Gillespie, Rosemary G., Grismado, Cristian J., Griswold, Charles E., Harvey, Mark S., Henrard, Arnaud, Hormiga, Gustavo, Izquierdo, Matías A., Jocqué, Rudy, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Kropf, Christian, Ott, Ricardo, Ramírez, Martín J., Raven, Robert J., Rheims, Cristina A., Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., Santos, Adalberto J., Saucedo, Alma, Sierwald, Petra, Szüts, Tamás, Ubick, Darrell & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2012, Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera, pp. 1-52 in American Museum Novitates 2012 (3736) on pages 47-48, DOI: 10.1206/3736.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5360180, {"references":["Forster, R. R. 1956. New Zealand spiders of the family Oonopidae. Records of the Canterbury Museum 7: 89 - 169.","Paquin, P., C. J. Vink, and N. Duperre. 2010. Spiders of New Zealand: annotated family key & species list. Lincoln, New Zealand: Manaaki Whenua Press, vii + 118 pp."]}

Kapitia Forster Kapitia Forster, 1956: 166 (type species by original designation Kapitia obscura Forster). DIAGNOSIS: The lack of a heavily sclerotized sperm duct within the male palp, combined with the presence of a 4-4-3-3 tarsal organ receptor pattern and an H-shaped eye arrangement, is diagnostic for the genus., Published as part of Platnick, Norman I., Abrahim, Naiara, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Andriamalala, Daniela, Baehr, Barbara C., Baert, Léon, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia, Dupérré, Nadine, Eichenberger, Beata, Fannes, Wouter, Gaublomme, Eva, Gillespie, Rosemary G., Grismado, Cristian J., Griswold, Charles E., Harvey, Mark S., Henrard, Arnaud, Hormiga, Gustavo, Izquierdo, Matías A., Jocqué, Rudy, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Kropf, Christian, Ott, Ricardo, Ramírez, Martín J., Raven, Robert J., Rheims, Cristina A., Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., Santos, Adalberto J., Saucedo, Alma, Sierwald, Petra, Szüts, Tamás, Ubick, Darrell & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2012, Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera, pp. 1-52 in American Museum Novitates 2012 (3736) on page 46, DOI: 10.1206/3736.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5360180, {"references":["Forster, R. R. 1956. New Zealand spiders of the family Oonopidae. Records of the Canterbury Museum 7: 89 - 169."]}

Dalmasula lorelei Platnick and Dupérré, new species Figures 173–241 TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype taken in pitfall traps at a site 10 km east of Lorelei Mine, Lüderitz District, Karas, Namibia (Aug. 9–22, 1990; C. Roberts, E. Marais), deposited in NMNW (ex 41492, PBI _ OON 33774). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. DIAGNOSIS: Males differ from those of D. parvimana in having a longer embolus (figs. 185, 186), from those of D. tsumkwe in lacking cheliceral apophyses and having an unsclerotized palpal conductor (figs. 209, 210), and from those of D. griswoldi in having a narrow embolus (figs. 185, 186); females have much larger ridges at the anterior end of the genital area (fig. 215) than do those of the other known females. MALE (PBI_ OON 33774, figs. 173–210): Total length 2.13. Posterior eye row straight from front. Chelicerae anterior face unmodified. Epigastric furrow unmodified. Leg spination: tibiae: I d0-1-1, p1-0-1, v0-0-2, r1-0-1; II d0-0-1, p1-0-1, v0-0-2, r1-0-0; III d0-0-1, p0-0-1, v1p-1p-2, r0-0-1; IV d0-0-1, p0-0-1; metatarsi: I p1-0-0, v0-0-1p, r1-0-0; II p0-0-1, v0-0-1p; III v0-1p-1p; IV p0-1-0, v0-1p-1p, r0-1-0. Palp with embolus long, thin, basally sinuous, accompanied by long, thin, parallel, translucent conductor. FEMALE (PBI_ OON 33774, figs. 211–241): Total length 2.24. Palpal spines absent. Leg spination: tibiae: I p1-0-1, v0-0-1r, r1-0-1; II p1-0-1, v0-1p-1r, r1-0-1; III, IV d0-0-1, p1-0-1, v0-1p-1p, r1-0-1; metatarsi: I, II d1-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III d1-0-0, v2-0-1p, r1-1-0; IV d1-1-0, p1-1-0, v1p-0-1p, r1-1-0. Epigastric area with pair of elevated, anteriorly and medially sclerotized paramedian ridges, anterior genitalic projection with narrow anterior extension. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: Namibia: Erongo: Lower Ostrich Gorge, 22°20′S, 14°58′E, Rössing Mine Survey, June 6, 1984, in web at base of tree trunk (E. Griffin, NMNW 38953, PBI _ OON 33761), 1♀; 3.5 km N Okondeka, 18°57′S, 15°50′E, May 16–June 15, 1986, pitfall trap (E. Griffin, NMNW 39382, PBI _ OON 33776), 1♀. Karas: Lüderitz District: 10 km E Lorelei Mine, Aug. 9–22, 1990, pitfalls (C. Roberts, E. Marais, NMNW 41492, PBI _ OON 33774), 7♂. DISTRIBUTION: Namibia (Erongo, Karas)., Published as part of Platnick, Norman I., Abrahim, Naiara, Álvarez-Padilla, Fernando, Andriamalala, Daniela, Baehr, Barbara C., Baert, Léon, Bonaldo, Alexandre B., Brescovit, Antonio D., Chousou-Polydouri, Natalia, Dupérré, Nadine, Eichenberger, Beata, Fannes, Wouter, Gaublomme, Eva, Gillespie, Rosemary G., Grismado, Cristian J., Griswold, Charles E., Harvey, Mark S., Henrard, Arnaud, Hormiga, Gustavo, Izquierdo, Matías A., Jocqué, Rudy, Kranz-Baltensperger, Yvonne, Kropf, Christian, Ott, Ricardo, Ramírez, Martín J., Raven, Robert J., Rheims, Cristina A., Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., Santos, Adalberto J., Saucedo, Alma, Sierwald, Petra, Szüts, Tamás, Ubick, Darrell & Wang, Xin-Ping, 2012, Tarsal Organ Morphology and the Phylogeny of Goblin Spiders (Araneae, Oonopidae), With Notes on Basal Genera, pp. 1-52 in American Museum Novitates 2012 (3736) on page 43, DOI: 10.1206/3736.2, http://zenodo.org/record/5360180

Dalmasula lorelei Platnick and Dupérré, new species Figures 173–241 TYPES: Male holotype and female allotype taken in pitfall traps at a site 10 km east of Lorelei Mine, Lüderitz District, Karas, Namibia (Aug. 9–22, 1990; C. Roberts, E. Marais), deposited in NMNW (ex 41492, PBI _ OON 33774). ETYMOLOGY: The specific name is a noun in apposition taken from the type locality. DIAGNOSIS: Males differ from those of D. parvimana in having a longer embolus (figs. 185, 186), from those of D. tsumkwe in lacking cheliceral apophyses and having an unsclerotized palpal conductor (figs. 209, 210), and from those of D. griswoldi in having a narrow embolus (figs. 185, 186); females have much larger ridges at the anterior end of the genital area (fig. 215) than do those of the other known females. MALE (PBI_ OON 33774, figs. 173–210): Total length 2.13. Posterior eye row straight from front. Chelicerae anterior face unmodified. Epigastric furrow unmodified. Leg spination: tibiae: I d0-1-1, p1-0-1, v0-0-2, r1-0-1; II d0-0-1, p1-0-1, v0-0-2, r1-0-0; III d0-0-1, p0-0-1, v1p-1p-2, r0-0-1; IV d0-0-1, p0-0-1; metatarsi: I p1-0-0, v0-0-1p, r1-0-0; II p0-0-1, v0-0-1p; III v0-1p-1p; IV p0-1-0, v0-1p-1p, r0-1-0. Palp with embolus long, thin, basally sinuous, accompanied by long, thin, parallel, translucent conductor. FEMALE (PBI_ OON 33774, figs. 211–241): Total length 2.24. Palpal spines absent. Leg spination: tibiae: I p1-0-1, v0-0-1r, r1-0-1; II p1-0-1, v0-1p-1r, r1-0-1; III, IV d0-0-1, p1-0-1, v0-1p-1p, r1-0-1; metatarsi: I, II d1-0-0, p1-0-0, r1-0-0; III d1-0-0, v2-0-1p, r1-1-0; IV d1-1-0, p1-1-0, v1p-0-1p, r1-1-0. Epigastric area with pair of elevated, anteriorly and medially sclerotized paramedian ridges, anterior genitalic projection with narrow anterior extension. OTHER MATERIAL EXAMINED: Namibia: Erongo: Lower Ostrich Gorge, 22°20′S, 14°58′E, Rössing Mine Survey, June 6, 1984, in web at base of tree trunk (E. Griffin, NMNW 38953, PBI _ OON 33761), 1♀; 3.5 km N Okondeka, 18°57′S, 15°50′E, May 16–June 15, 1986, pitfall trap (E. Griffin, NMNW 39382, PBI _ OON 33776), 1♀. Karas: Lüderitz District: 10 km E Lorelei Mine, Aug. 9–22, 1990, pitfalls (C. Roberts, E. Marais, NMNW 41492, PBI _ OON 33774), 7♂. DISTRIBUTION: Namibia (Erongo, Karas).

Diaprograpta Simon, 1909 Diaprograpta Simon, 1909: 174; Roewer 1955: 509; Lehtinen 1967: 228. Diagnosis. Females differ from those of Eupograpta gen. nov. only in the characters of the epigyne which is short and wide with a broad rectanguloid scape (Figs 1 e, 8 d, 9 a) and closely abutted lateral lobes. Females differ from those of Mitzoruga gen. nov. in having the broad elevated epigynal scape (Figs 1 e, 8 d, 9 a). Males differ from those of Eupograpta gen. nov. in the RTA being a broad scoop, rather than a twisted spiral (Fig. 3 a, 6 c). Females differ from Zealoctenus only in the position of the eyes in which the AME are lowest and the anterior row is recurved in anterior view. Type species. Diaprograpta striola Simon, 1909, by monotypy. Included pecies. Diaprograpta striola Simon, 1909, D. abrahamsae sp. nov., D. alfredgodfreyi sp. nov., D. hirsti sp. nov., D. peterandrewsi sp. nov. Distribution (Fig. 25 a). Found near Winton (western Queensland), bayside Brisbane (southeast Queensland), near Adelaide (South Australia), northwestern Victoria and southwestern Western Australia. Diaprograpta is the rarest of the Australian miturgid genera represented by only one or two specimens for each of the new species. Despite intensive pitfall trapping over 12 months in a location in which one male (Diaprograpta abrahamsae sp. nov.) was taken, no further material was found. Judged by the below ground retreats of various species of Miturga (pers. obs.; S. Douglass pers. comm.), the most likely explanation is that the spiders of the genus Diaprograpta occupy existing cavities in the soil. Remarks. Diaprograpta very closely resembles the monotypic New Zealand Zealoctenus which is known only from one female. Raven & Stumkat (2003) suggested that the monotypic Zealoctenus may be a synonym of Diaprograpta. However, the epigyne and spermathecae of Zealoctenus (Forster & Wilton 1973, figs 1039���1041) suggest the genus is distinct. Of the five species included in Diaprograpta, three are known from a single male and the type species in known only from females; only D. peterandrewsi sp. nov., is known from both sexes., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on page 6, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352, {"references":["Simon, E. (1909) Araneae. 2 e partie. In: Michaelsen, W. and Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp. 152 - 212.","Roewer, C. F. (1955) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 2, pp. 1 - 1751.","Lehtinen, P. T. (1967) Classification of the cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4, 199 - 468.","Raven, R. J. & Stumkat, K. (2003) Problem solving in the spider families Miturgidae, Ctenidae and Psechridae (Araneae) in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Arachnology, 31, 105 - 121.","Forster, R. R. & Wilton, C. L. (1973) The spiders of New Zealand. Part IV. Otago Museum Bulletin, 4, 1 - 309."]}

Eupograpta kottae sp. nov. (Figs 10 a���c, 11 a���c, 12 a, b, 25 a) Material examined. Holotype. Male, Durokoppin Nature Reserve 31 �� 30 'S 117 �� 44 'E, Western Australia, 3���14 November 1988, D. Mitchell et al., DKR 83 (WAM 97 / 243). Paratypes. Allotype female, Boorabbin, 3115 ' S 12004 'E, Western Australia, July 1980, W. F. Humphreys et al., WA Goldfields survey, BNR 1, isolate Callitris heath (WAM 97 / 189). Western Australia: 2 males, Perth Airport, 3158 '03" S 11558 ' 11 "E, 10 May��� 24 June 1993, wet pitfalls (PA 5), M. S. Harvey, J. M. Waldock (WAM 98 /1676, 1677); male, Talbot Rd Reserve, 3152 ' 24 " S 11602 ' 52 "E, 24 September ��� 18 November 1993, wet pitfalls (TR 3), J. M. Waldock et al. (WAM 98 / 1680); female, same data but 28 July ��� 23 September 1993, J. M. Waldock et al. (WAM 98 / 1682); 3 females, same data but 18 November��� 10 December 1993, J. M. Waldock (WAM 98 / 1683 ��� 5); 2 males [1 j.], same data but 24 June ��� 28 July 1993, M. S. Harvey, J. M. Waldock (WAM 98 / 1689 ��� 91); female, same data but dry pitfalls, 22���29 August 1993, J. Dell (WAM 98 / 1692); 2 males, Talbot Rd Reserve (TR 4), 3152 ' 23 " S 11602 ' 46 "E, 24 September��� 18 November 1993, J. M. Waldock et al. (WAM T 74023, T 74024); 1 female, same data but 23 November��� 5 December 1993, J. Dell (WAM 98 / 1744); 1 male, Talbot Rd Reserve (TR 1), 3152 '05" S 11603 '04"E, 24 September��� 18 November 1993, J. Waldock et al. (WAM T 74026); 1 female, Red Hill, Toodyay Rd, top of Darling Scarp, 3151 ' S 11606 'E, 6 August 1996, B. Y. Main (WAM 98 / 1686); 1 male, Bold Park (BP 3), wet pitfall, 3156 ' 33 " S 11546 ' 13 "E, 20 May��� 20 July 1993, M. S. Harvey and J. M. Waldock (WAM 98 / 1687); 1 male, Bold Park (BP 5), 3157 ' 14 " S 11546 ' 16 "E, 20 May��� 20 July 1993, M. S. Harvey and J. M. Waldock (WAM T 74019); 1 male, Hartfield Park, Forestfield (HF 1), wet pitfalls, 3200 '00" S 11559 ' 43 "E, 16 April��� 19 June 1996, J. M. Waldock, P. West, A. Longbottom (WAM T 74025). Diagnosis. Females differs from those of E. anhat sp. nov. in that the median septum of the epigyne (Fig. 12 a) is widest distally. Etymology. Named for Dr Patricia Kott, ascidian taxonomist, Queensland Museum, originally from Western Australia, in recognition of her tireless efforts to raise the profile of taxonomy and the need for more, funded taxonomic positions in Australia. Description. Male (holotype WAM 97 / 243) Carapace 3.00 long, 2.31 wide. Abdomen 3.56 long, 2.19 wide. (Cephalothorax slightly collapsed and abdomen folded under at 90.) Colour. Carapace fawn with black stripes from each PLE down carapace; broken black areas along margins of carapace; legs not banded. Abdomen (Fig. 11 b) dorsally pallid with two long medial stripes joining just past midpoint, two stripes lateral of that; ventrally pallid. Small stripe down each chelicera. Carapace. With gradual anterior constriction. AME set on anterior clypeus. Fovea short, at ca. midpoint of carapace; few long anteromedial bristles, 3���5 between MOQ, 2���3 lines of 4���6 long curved bristles anterior to AME on clypeus. Clypeus about twice AME diameter, convex, steep. Fovea moderately long. Short brown bristles uniformly over carapace. Carapace ridge flat between back margin and PME. Clypeus anterior to AME and ALE tumid, pallid. Eyes. PME largest. Two recurved rows, posterior more so. Eyes of anterior row set close together; in anterior view, smaller AME set above centres of ALE. Viewing directions: AME up, front, side; ALE front, side; PME up, PLE to side and slightly to back. All eyes encircled with dark shadows. Chelicerae. P 1 small basal and 2 larger, R 2 large basal. Small triangular boss. Labium and maxillae slightly collapsed, see female. Sternum. Cordate with uniform cover of long bristles; low radial ridge/mound opposite base of each coxae. Legs. Trochanters all deeply notched. No tibial fracture, no tarsal rod. Pilosity: broad long brown bristles of fine hairs. Distinct long bristles off apical patellae. I: 2.77, 1.23, 2.46, 2.15, 1.69, 10.30. II: 2.77, 1.31, 2.23, 1.92, 1.54, 9.77. III: 2.46, 1.15, 2.00, 1.85, 1.38, 8.84. IV: 3.31. 1.31, 3.15, 3.0. Palp: 1.23, 0.69, 0.54, ���, 1.54, 4.00. Trichobothria. On tibiae, 2 rows 6���8 for length; metatarsi, irregular rows of 8���10; tarsi, 1 row of 8���10, subapical trichobothria longest. Spines. 2 basal spines on dorsal femora very long. I: fe p 2 d 2 r 1; pa0; ti p 2 v 2.2.2; me v 2.2. II: fe p 3 d 3 r 3; pa0; ti p 2 r 1 v 2.2.2; me p 1 v 2.2, me spines very long. III: fe p 4 d 3 r 3; pa0; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 4 r 4 v 2.2.1. IV: fe p 4 d 3 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2 me p 3 + 2 l r 7 v 2.2.1. Palp: fe p 1 d 3 r 2; pa p 1 d 1; ti p 1 d 1. Scopula. Long hair-like setae, thin but distinct for distal two-thirds of metatarsi I, for distal half of metatarsi II���IV. Long hair-like setae, moderately dense, entire on tarsi I���IV almost obscures cuticle on I. Claw tufts small, dense, no division evident. Claws. Moderately long, curved with 6���8 long teeth evident above tufts. Spinnerets. ALS as long as PLS but ALS thicker. PLS with slightly longer apical segment. Palp (Figs 10, 11 a). Patellae squat, dorsal projection a sclerotised thumb, opposed to sclerotised back dorsal tibial edge. Tibia barrel-shaped, practically only an apophysis, "sandwich" with unsclerotised midzone. RTA a very long, elaborate, twisted process with ental grooves and digitiform process twisting apically into fluted cylindrical tip. Long triangular process on proventral corner and collar ventrally. Distal two-thirds ventrally glabrous, saddle-shaped. Cymbium dorsally with triangular process basally against one on tibia; retrobasal sharp corner with excavation more basally; retrolateral cymbium excavate with long groove and distal process; groove on thick ridge and length of groove retromargin with dense line of short black bristles as comb; promargin of cymbium with long densely padded pallid hairs (removed for SEM). Embolus origin long, ovoid; anticlockwise to narrow tip above embolus origin. A large flat median apophysis with edges curved up and returns with small tooth and rounded flange; beside that a sclerotised scooped, boat-shaped conductor surrounding embolus. Massive tegulum. No scopula dorsally on cymbium. Female (allotype WAM 97 / 189) Carapace 3.45 long, 2.60 wide. Abdomen 4.70 long, 2.85 wide. Like male except: Colour. Carapace yellow brown with separated dark semicircles along margin band and broad dark band from PLE to back; chelicerae red-brown with dark vertical medial band. Abdomen dorsally pallid; centrally for anterior half with dark "shoulders" rising to just over the dorsal surface and medial of them two narrow dark lines anteriorly well apart, diverging slightly and shortly but converging gradually (i. e., forming a long narrow ���V) to join just behind midpoint, irregular mottling posterior of that forming pallid area centrally, laterally with short dark broken longitudinal diagonal lines and ventrally with vaguely discernible broad pallid ���V with scattered irregular mottling over it. Sternum and legs yellow to orange brown without dark markings or bands. Carapace. Light uniform pile of large dark hairs centrally directed; midline from fovea to PME with a wide band of long erect bristles and ca. 6 long bristles directed horizontally forward from clypeus. Fovea distinct, crosses into posterior declivity. Eyes. In two rows Chelicerae. 2 R, 3 P. Legs. Trochanteral notches broad but deep, distinct. RCH distinct, moderately large. I: 2.10, 1.40, 1.95, 1.70, 1.05, 8.20. II: 2.35, 1.40, 1.90, 1.50, 1.15, 8.30. III: 2.60, 1.25, 1.65, 1.45, 1.00, 7.95. IV: 3.05, 1.40, 2.75, 3.45, 1.15, 11.80. Palp: 0.90, 0.50, 0.65, ���, 1.05, 3.10. Scopula as for D. striola. Claws. I���IV with ca. 4���5 teeth, becoming smaller toward base; tufts on IV noticeably smaller than on I���III. Spines. Leg patellae without spines. I: fe p 1 d 2; ti v 2.2 w long; me v 2 very long, basal. II: fe p 2 d 2; ti v 1.1; me v 2 long. III: fe p 3 d 3 r 2; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 1 r 1 v 2.1. IV: fe p 1 d 3 r 1; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.2.2r2.2.2v 2.1. Palp: fe d 1.2; pa p 1 d 1 + apical 1; ti p 3 d 2; ta p 3 d 1 r 3 v 2 distal. Spinnerets. As in D. striola with wide colulus. Epigyne. Large, two strongly sclerotised lateral ridges bracket broad hirsute medial scape narrowing strongly in posterior third to form subdistal knob, in distal third scape edges form ridge below which is small slit-like invagination then expanded slightly sclerotised fold below which is a large unsclerotised concavity. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 25 a). Known only from forests on the margins of Perth, southwestern Western Australia and at Boorabbin in the Goldfields to the west., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 17-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Key to the subfamilies of the Miturgidae 1 Paired movable claw tufts (Figs 14 i, 17g) present on tarsi............................................ Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. - Only scopula extensions below tarsal claws................................................................................................. Miturginae, Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on page 4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Mitzoruga insularis sp. nov. (Figs 17 a���g, 18 a, b, 25 a) Material examined. Holotype. Male, Dudley Conservation Park, Kangaroo Island, 35 �� 48 'S 137 �� 52 'E, South Australia, 11���12 November 1987, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6218). Paratypes. Allotype female, same data as holotype (SAMA NN 6219). South Australia: 1 male, 8 females [3 j], same data as holotype (SAMA NN 6220 ��� 8); 2 males, Grassdale, Kelly Hill CP, Kangaroo Is, 9 November 1987, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6239 ��� 40); 1 male, Aldinga Scrub, 30 December 1986, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6229); 1 female, Dudley CP, Kangaroo Is, 2 November 1987, D. Hirst, (SAMA NN 6243); 1 female, Sellicks���Aldinga Scrub, 16���26 June 1987, E. G. Mathews, J. A. Forest (SAMA NN 6230); 1 female, [4 j 2 p], Sellicks���Aldinga Scrub, 13 April 1987, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6273); 2 females, Bucks Camp Well, hill N of, Mt Rescue CP, 35 �� 36 'S 140 �� 18 'E, 18 March 1992, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6270 ��� 1); 3 females, same data (SAMA NN 6267 ��� 9); 1 female, [4 j], NE Jimmy's Well, 35 �� 51 'S 140 �� 18 'E, 20 March 1992, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6184); 2 females, Box Flat, 35 �� 36 'S 140 �� 23 'E, 19 March 1992, D. Hirst, mallee, litter (vibration) (SAMA NN 6250 ��� 1); 2 females, 4km S Box Flat, 35 �� 38 'S 140 �� 23 'E, 19 March 1992, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6216 ��� 7); 1 female, 10km N Kelira, Hirst's Old Farm, 36 �� 37 'S 140 �� 10 'E, 22 March 1992, D. Hirst, vibration (SAMA NN 6203); 2 females, Kellys Hills Caves, around Kangaroo Is, 2 December 1984, J. Thurmer (SAMA NN 6241 ��� 2); 2 males, 4 females [1 j 1 p], Cape Torrens CP, Kangaroo Is, end of Jump-off Rd, 4 November 1987, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6244 ��� 9); 4 females, Jimmy's Well, 35 �� 17 'S 140 ��02'E, 17 March 1992, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6211 ��� 3, NN 6272); 2 females, between Bucks Camp Well and Rabbit Is, 35 �� 56 'S 140 �� 19 'E, 18 March 1992, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6214 ��� 5); 1 female, 4km N Bucks Camp Well, Mt Rescue CP, 35 �� 54 'S 140 �� 18 'E, 18 March 1992, D. Hirst, vibration (SAMA NN 6272); 1 male, 1 female, 2.4 km N Sandford Dam, Danggalli CP, 33 �� 19 '05"S, 140 �� 54 ' 49 "E, 22 November 1996, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6123); 1 female, Koppio Hills, NW Todd R Reservoir, W side of Bald Hill, near creek, 26 March 1987, D. C. Lee and D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6274); 1 female [1 j], Kolay Hut, 32 �� 33 'S 135 �� 36 'E, 8���11 December 1989, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6232); 1 male, 18 miles E Abrakurrie, 4 January 1960, P. Aitken (SAMA NN 6231); male, Kangaroo Is, Flinders Chase NP, West Bay, 35 �� 54 'S 136 �� 32 'E, pan trap, January 1986, A. D. Austin (WAM 98 / 1694); 1 female, Crystal Brook Caravan Park, 33 �� 21 'S 138 �� 12 'E, South Australia, 21 April 1992, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6196); 7 females, Gum Lagoon CP, 36 �� 17 'S 140 �� 20 'E, 26 March 1992, D. Hirst, vibration (SAMA NN 6204 ��� 10); 1 male, Renmark, 14km WNW, 34 ��06'S 140 �� 36 'E, mallee on dune, pitfall and intercept traps, 13 December 1995 ��� 25 January 1996, K. R. Pullen (QM S 70305). Western Australia: 2 females, Stirling Range NP, White Gum Flat, 34 �� 24 'S 117 �� 55 'E, 1 April 1993 (under wandoo bark), M. S. Harvey, J. M. Waldock (WAM 98 / 1698 ��� 99); female, Huntingdale, 11 December 1988, A. F. Longbottom (WAM 98 / 1695); female, Dwellingup, 32 �� 43 'S 116 ��04'E, Curara block, pitfall trap, 24 September 1976, J. D. Majer (WAM 98 / 1696); 1 female, same locality, 1971, J. Springett (AMS KS 52064); 3 females, Gelorup, lot 101, Gelorup Drive, 33 �� 23 'S 115 �� 39 'E, attracted to vibration of vehicle, 15 March 1996, K. F. and A. F. Longbottom (WAM 98 / 1700���1703); 1 male, 1 female, Hepburn Heights (HH 2), wet pitfalls, 31 �� 49 '07"S 115 �� 46 ' 11 "E, 28 November 1995 ��� 29 January 1996, M. S. Harvey, J. M. Waldock (WAM T 74021, T 74022); 1 male, Cannington Botanical Reserve, 32 ��01' 29 "S 115 �� 58 ' 57 "E, December, 1986, W. Humphreys et al. (WAM T 56016); 1 male, 2 females, York, 10km SW, 31 �� 57 'S 116 �� 42 'E, rocky scrub, litter, 5 December 1996, R. J. Raven (QM S 31462). New South Wales. 1 male, Gubatta (site 8 G), 33 �� 35 'S 146 �� 36 'E, road verge, 6���14 December 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S 53938); 1 male, as above but 12���18 October 1999 (QM S 52895); 1 male, Gubatta (site 9 G), 33 �� 34 'S 146 �� 32 'E, spinifex, 6���14 December 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S 53772); 1 female, as above but 12���18 October 1999 (QM S 52977); 1 female, Humbug Ck, 8km SW West Wyalong, 33 �� 59 'S 147 �� 10 'E, grassland, 18 December 1997 ��� 10 January 1998, K. and D. Krebs (QM S 46702); 1 female, Taleeban (site 8 T), 33 �� 53 'S 146 �� 28 'E, road verge, 3���10 November 1999, D. Driscoll (QM S 52663). Victoria. 1 female, Murray Valley Highway, Skeleton Creek crossing, 36 ��07'S 145 �� 11 'E, 2���7 December 1994, S. Hinkley et al. (NMV K 4415). Diagnosis. Males differ from those M. marmorea in the stouter palpal tibia (Fig. 17 a), RTA and cymbium and the narrower median apophysis, and from M. elapines sp. nov. in the simple undivided median apophysis (Fig. 17 c) and the absence of thorn-like spines on coxae I���III. Females differ from those of M. elapines sp. nov. in the broad epigynal septum that extends back to the epigynal fold. Description. Male (holotype, SAMA NN 6218) Carapace 2.06 long, 1.59 wide. Abdomen 2.50 long, 1.25 wide. Total length, 4.8. Colour. Carapace fawn with narrow dark lateral bands and pair of wider paler paramedial bands to posterior declivity; eye region fawn. Abdomen dorsally pallid with narrow ���V anteromedial; lateral of ���V broader, irregular longitudinal bands. Legs concolourous with carapace, darker bands subbasally and distally on tibiae and metatarsi. Sternum, maxillae and labium fawn brown; abdomen ventrally pallid with light black mottling strong laterally and posteriorly but weakening centrally. Carapace. Uniform cover of long light brown hairs. ca. 10 long thick bristles project forward from clypeus. Eyes. ALE=PLE>AME=PME. Both rows clearly recurved, posterior row almost forming 2 rows. Chelicerae. Small, vertical; dentition, 3 P, 2 R. Sternum cordate; strong outward bristles on margin, weak centrally radial bristles otherwise, also present but shorter on ventral coxae including maxillae. Legs. ca. 17 long, thick, lanceolate bristles on retroventral edge of coxae IV only. Leg 1: 1.53, 0.78, 1.41, 1.16, 0.72; 5.60. Leg 2: 1.41, 0.81, 1.16, 1.16, 0.78; 5.41. Leg 3: 1.38, 0.75, 1.00, 1.13, 0.63; 4.89. Leg 4: 1.88, 0.97, 1.63, 1.88, 0.66; 7.02. Palp: 0.75, 0.31, 0.34, 0.78; 2.18. Scopula. Weak on metatarsi and tarsi I, II; sparse on tarsi III, IV. Spines. Very long spines basally on dorsal femora. I: fe pv 1 p 1 d 2 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 v 2.2.2; me v 2.2. II: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 v 2.2.2; me p 1 v 2.2. III: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 3; pa 0; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 4.2.2; me p1.2.1r2.2.1v2.2.1. IV: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 4.2.2; me p2.2.2r2.2.2v2.2.1. Palp: fe p 1 d1.1.2; pa p 1; ti p 2 d 2 w. Palp. Tibia stout, as long as wide; RTA is two long conical prongs arising from common, short, domed base with transverse ridge marking narrow unsclerotised distal face. n (or inverted U)-shaped tegulum with low, small, translucent groove forming conductor. Median apophysis central, narrow, apical hook offset lower than base. Embolus origin gourd-shaped. Cymbium asymmetrical with short rounded apex and distinct wide sclerotised ridge retrolaterally for full length, strong comb of curved setae ectally; apically a wide band of thick, recurved setae; prolaterally with unmodified setae. Female (allotype, SAMA NN 6219) Carapace 2.47 long, 1.88 wide. Abdomen 3.19 long, 2.03 wide. Total length, 6.2. Colour. Carapace like male. Abdomen dorsally dark with medial dark ���V with ectal arms forming irregular dark chevrons; ventrally as male; legs as male but darker bands. Claws. With tufts, like male; palpal claw with 3 teeth and no tuft. No modified setae on coxae. Legs. I: 1.53, 1.03, 1.16, 0.97, 0.59; 5.28. II: 1.47, 0.88, 1.09, 1.09, 0.53; 4.81. III: 1.38, 0.81, 0.94, 0.97, 0.53; 4.63. IV: 1.97, 1.06, 1.63, 1.78, 0.66; 7.10. Palp: 1.09, 0.38, 0.41, 0.63; 2.51. Spines. No paired lateral spines on metatarsi III, as on IV. I: fe pv 1 d 2 w; pa0; ti v1.2.2w; me v 2 basal. II: fe p 1 d 2 w; pa0; ti v1.2.2w; me v 2 basal. III: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 1; pa0; ti p 2 r 2 v 3.2.2; me p 1 r 1 v 2.1. IV: fe p 2 d 3 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 3.2.2; me p2.2.2r2.2.2v2.2.1. Palp: fe d1.1.2; pa p 2; ti p 2; ta p 2 r 2 v 2 apical. Scopula. Dense, but not obscuring cuticle on metatarsi and tarsi I, II; absent on tibiae. Epigyne (Figs 18 a, b). Anteriorly with isolated pair of procurved lunate fossae; posteriorly with narrow medial septum with rounded lateral lobes. Distribution and habitat. Known from southwestern Western Australia from low sand dunes, with low mallee, some Triodia, heath or low eucalypts; on Kangaroo Island and north of Adelaide, South Australia and western Victoria and New South Wales., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 26-29, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Mitzoruga elapines sp. nov. (Figs 14 a���j, 15 a���d, 16 a, b, 25 a) Material examined. Holotype. Male, Cape River, Pentland 20 �� 26 ' 30 "S 145 �� 31 ' 50 "E, northeastern Queensland, 4 August 1997, R. Raven (QM S 31422). Paratype. Allotype female, taken with holotype (QM S 31423). Other material examined. Australia: Queensland : Female, same data as holotype (QM S 31424). South Australia: male, Trinity Gardens, Adelaide, 34 �� 56 'S, 138 �� 37 'E, 15 October 1988, D. Hirst (SAMA NN 6192); female, same data but 12 March 1988 (SAMA NN 61949); female, Nuriootpa, 34 �� 29 'S 139 ��00'E, 27 October 1991, A. F. Longbottom (WAM 98 / 1693); female, Kapunda, 34 �� 21 'S 138 �� 55 'E, 28 May 1995, A. F. Longbottom, under rocks at copper/barite mine, S. 1786 (WAM 98 / 1697). Diagnosis. Males differ from those of M. insularis in the much broader tripartite median apophysis (Fig. 15 d), the narrower base of embolus (Fig. 15 a), the deeply incised closely juxtaposed apices of the RTA (Fig. 15 c) and the presence of thick setae on coxae I���III as well as coxae IV; females differ in the relatively larger basal lobe of the spermathecae (Fig. 16 b) giving a more block-like appearance to the spermathecal folds. Etymology. From elapine, alluding to the long pair of front fangs of the most venomous snakes of the family Elapidae Boie, 1827. Description. Male (holotype QM S 31422) Carapace 4.00 long, 2.48 wide. Abdomen 4.32 long, 2.64 wide. Colour (Figs 14 a, b). (seemingly recently moulted) Carapace pallid with 2 narrow dark lateral bands and pair of wider dark bands from behind PLE more or less straight until they converge slightly at posterior declivity; eye region black. Abdomen dorsally pallid with narrow ���V anteromedially breaking up into 3 irregular spots in posterior third; lateral of ���V broader, irregular longitudinal bands. Legs concolorous with carapace, no bands. Sternum, maxillae and labium pallid; abdomen ventrally pallid with light black mottling strong laterally and posteriorly but weakening centrally. Carapace. Long black hairs on margins; short fine on carapace; long setae between AME; clypeus rounded distinct. Eyes. AME: ALE: PME: PLE, 10: 11: 10: 11. ALE much closer to AME than AME apart; PME as far apart as from PLE, ALE slightly larger and lower (in anterior view) than AME���all directed to front and side. Anterior row clearly recurved; posterior row strongly recurved or in two rows, with PLE directed to side and up. Chelicerae. Small, porrect; dentition 3 P, 2 R. Fangs short, transverse. Boss small but distinct. Maxillae rounded rectangular with triangular, shallow depression diagonally from corner to distal edge. Labium short, shield-shaped. Sternum (Fig 14 h) cordate; setal patterns fine radial, inwardly directed setae. Legs. Coxal bases with slight triangular projections entally, 20���30 short thorn-like spines ventrally on retroventral half of coxae I���IV, more numerous on IV (Figs 14 f, h). Trichobothria in ca. 2 rows each of 8���10 for length of tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi. Trochanteral notches shallow, symetrical, as wide as deep on IV. I: 3.23, 1.38, 3.00, 2.54, 2.00, 12.15. II: 3.00, 1.38, 2.46, 2.15, 1.77, 10.75. III: 2.61, 1.15, 2.00, 1.92, 1.38, 9.06. IV: 3.61, 1.31, 3.31, 3.15, 1.54, 12.92. Palp: 1.54, 0.77, 0.69, ���, 1.31, 4.31. Scopula. Tarsi I���II entire, hairs long, not dense, not obscuring cuticle; IV with line of emergent setae. Metatarsi I���II weak, in 2 lateral bands for distal two-thirds and also ventral for distal quarter; weak on distal quarter on III, IV and tibiae. Spines. I: fe pv 1 p 1 d 3 r 1; pa 0; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 1 r 1 v 2.2. II: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 2; pa 0; ti p 2 d 1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 1 r 1 v 2.2. III: fe p 4 d 3 r 4; pa p 1; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.2.1r2.1.1 v2.2.1. IV: fe p 4 d 3 r 2; pa 0; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p2.2.1r2.2.2v2.2.1.1. Palp: fe p 1 d 1.2; pa p 1; ti p 3. Claws. Long, with 3 long and one short basal teeth; tufts (Fig. 14 i) strong but small, paired and conical. Abdomen. Tracheal spiracle small, near spinnerets. ALS short with domed tips. PMS cylindrical. PLS small with slightly elongated apical segment, orange with large spigot. Palp (Figs. 14 b���e, 15). Tibia short with long triangular prong on prolateral corner, dorsal depression across to large bifid process on retrolateral edge; RTA a large cone with unsclerotised distal face transversed by two keels and slender sinuous prong dorsally off face of median process (Fig 14 e); retroventral collar of tibia sclerotised with distinct erect cone and narrow notch beside base of RTA. Subtegulum prolateral and roughly triangular rounded ridge distally with sclerotised collariform conductor. Median apophysis subapico-central, flat, shield-like, with small medial process distally and vertical claw-like process retrolateral of it. Embolus origin small, basal; embolus tapers quickly runs clockwise arising retrodistally. Cymbium asymetrical with short rounded apex and distinct wide sclerotised groove retrolaterally and with strong comb of curved setae ectally (Figs. 14 c, d). Female (allotype, QM S 31423) Carapace 3.92 long, 3.04 wide. Abdomen 5.36 long, 3.20 wide. Colour. Pattern like male but darker, stronger. Carapace margin with irregular "intrusions" and with narrow grey medial band through eyes and fovea. Abdomen dorsally dark with irregular pallid ���V breaking up into dots posteriorly. Legs dark brown with orange brown metatarsi and tarsi. Eyes. AME:ALE:PME:PLE, 7: 11: 11: 13. Posterior row recurved. Chelicerae. Like male but stout, same dentition with pallid region anteriorly above fang. Legs. Coxae ventrally without thorn-like spines. Claws. Tufts like male; palpal claws with 3 teeth but no tuft. I: 2.69, 1.23, 2.46, 1.92, 1.38, 9.68. II: 2.54, 1.23, 2.61, 2.00, 1.54, 9.92. III: 2.54, 1.00, 1.92, 1.85, 1.23, 8.54. IV: 3.23, 1.31, 3.15, 3.46, 1.54, 12.69. Palp: 1.00, 0.61, 0.69, 1.00, 3.30. Spines. I: fe pv 1 p 1 d 2; pa0; ti v2.2.2w; me v 2 basal. II: fe p 2 d 2 r 1; pa0; ti v1.2.2w; me v 2 basal. III: fe p 4 d 3 r 2; pa0; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 2.1 r1.2.1v 2.1. IV: fe p 2 d 3 r 1; pa0; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 3.2.2; me p1.2.2r1.2.2v2.2.1. Palp: fe p 1 d 1.2; pa p 1; ti p 3 d 2; ta p 3 r 3 v 2. Scopula. Dense, almost obscures cuticle on tarsi I���IV, entire on I���III, divided by 1���2 lines of setae on IV. Metatarsi I���II full, dense, entire, except for space around spines; III, IV divided into 3 parts. Scopula of short hairs also in distal half of tibiae I, II, in 3 bands on III, and few scattered setae on IV. Epigyne (Figs 16 a, b). Narrow anterior medial ridge and wide septum posteriorly. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 25 a). Known only from Cape River, west of Charters Towers, northeast Queensland, and near Adelaide, South Australia. At Cape River, the spiders were taken in litter around the bases of grasses in open eucalypt forest., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 23-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Nuliodon gen. nov. Type species. Nuliodon fishburni sp. nov. Diagnosis. Differs from Miturga in the presence of claw tufts (Fig. 24 a), from Mituliodon in the absence of strong scopulae on metatarsi and tarsi I���IV, the form of the male palp (Fig. 21 a, b), viz., short embolus, absence of cymbial groove and small conductor. Resembles Mitzoruga gen. nov. in the distodorsal crest of thick curved setae on cymbium (Fig. 21 a), and the carapace shape but males differ in the stout RTA (Figs 21 c, d), the absence of dark stripes on the carapace (Fig. 22 e) and the large median apophysis is not in the same line as the embolus origin (Fig. 21 a). Etymology. Based on the zoropsid genus name Uliodon which it somatically resembles; the gender is feminine. Description. Carapace brown with irregular darker flecks along striae (Figs 22 b, e); abdomen dorsally fawn with irregular mottling forming weak internested ���V���s; ventrally with irregular darker mottling; legs brown with weak paler bands (Figs 22 a, e, g). Carapace pear-shaped with gentle anterior constriction; caput low; fovea present reaching to edge of posterior declivity; caput slightly elevated, distinct; other striae indistinct; lightly hirsute. Clypeus ca. one AME diameter high. Eight eyes in two rows: anterior narrower, recurved; posterior more recurved (Fig. 22 b). All eyes of similar size with anterior row eyes slightly larger. Group occupies two-thirds of headwidth. AME on common tubercle on clypeal edge, look forward, to side and up; ALE less than 1 diameter away look more up and to side, PME paler look up, ca. 1 diameter apart; PLE look to side. Chelicerae small, vertical with small boss; fangs short, diaxial; dentition 3 small P, 2 R, of short furrow; long pallid ovoid area prolaterally above fangs. Maxillae (Fig. 22 f) roughly diamond-shaped with rounded corners and shallow basal diagonal groove; serrula long. Labium (Fig. 22 f) short, shield-like. Sternum (Fig. 22 f) almost lenticular; converges in front, rounded margins, strong setae along marginal band, marginal setae outward, central setae radially directed inward. Legs. Coxae with rounded inner edges, anterior corner of basal strial attachment triangular, smaller process on posterior corner. RCH raised, pallid. Coxae IV of male cluster of ca. 10���20 long thick setae on ventral inner corner (Fig. 22 d). Trochanters short, with small but distinct deep notches ca. 1.5 times wider than deep (Fig. 22 g). Tarsi slightly curved. Female palpal tarsus tapered conical, unmodified; claw clearly evident. Scopula: on male weak, thin on tarsi I, II, not obscuring cuticle reduced to distal group of setae on III, IV, weak, thin, lateral group of scattered hairs on metatarsi I, II, absent on III, IV and tibiae. Scopula slightly denser in females than males, for ca. 0.8 of metatarsal length, full length of tarsus. Trichobothria in 2 rows on tibiae, an irregular line on metatarsi, two bands on tarsi, distal most trichobothria on each segment very long. Trichobothrial base collariform (Fig. 24 a). Tarsal organ ovoid with ovoid aperture (Fig. 24 b). Spines. Male (female): proventral spine on femora I, II weak; patellae aspinose; tibiae I, II with 3 pairs of weak spines (only 3���4 thicker bristles) ventrally, much weaker than on metatarsi; 2 (1) pairs on ventral metatarsi I, II. Female palp: fe p 1; pa d 1 elongate; ti p 3 d 2 all strong; ta p 3 d 1 r 2 v 2 subdistally. Preening combs absent. Claws. 2 claws with 3���6 teeth; claw tufts dense, fused, as high as claws but not obscuring teeth. Female palpal claw with 3���4 teeth. Spinnerets (Fig. 22 g). Colulus small. Female: ALS ca. 2 x diameter of PLS and longer, PLS slightly longer than PMS with conical apical segment; PMS long, cylindrical with no enlarged spigots on tip or dorsally. Male Palp (Fig. 21). Tibia short, with retrodistal RTA with inner keel and outer flange with unsclerotised crescent between them. Cymbium short with ovoid apical scopula and long thick recurved setae apically; apical cone wide, short, retromargin with wide flattened area with medial groove for basal third; light cage of long bristles on promargin (Fig. 21 a). Bulb: tegulum with several processes and lobes apart from prominent distal bifid median apophysis and short embolus originating on mid-prolateral edge; small conductor below median apophysis. Epigyne (Figs 22 c, g, 23 a, b). Externally a pair of anterior crescentic ridges set diagonally; medially forming shallow trough posteriorly; vulva simple, copulatory fossae funnel-shaped with short twisted duct leading to enlarged distal spermatheca and fertilisation duct. Distribution and habitat (Fig 25 a, 26 b). Known only from leaf litter in open eucalypt, wet sclerophyll, semi-evergreen vine thicket, Blackbutt close forest and heath mixed with eucalypt forest from Rockhampton to Ipswich, southeast Queensland. Remarks. Nuliodon gen. nov. includes the smallest miturgids known (total length about 5 mm); the spiders are common in open forest, but not rainforest, leaf litter. Perhaps as a result of limited spider surveys in the Brisbane area prior to 1990, records of these spiders prior to 1978 are lacking. Despite this, these spiders were taken very close to long-occupied suburbs and in bushland on the Griffith University campus. Hence, this new species has literally long been in the backyards of Brisbane dwellers., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 31-32, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Diaprograpta striola Simon, 1909 (Figs 1 a���f, 25 a) Diaprograpta striola Simon, 1909: 175. Roewer 1955: 509; Moritz & Fischer 1988: 132. Material examined. Holotype. Female, Boorabbin, 31 �� 13 ' 45 "S 120 ��09' 42 "E, Western Australia, Stn. 95, Michaelsen & Hartmeyer (ZMB 28230). Other material. Australia: Western Australia: 3 females, Boorabbin, 31 �� 15 'S 120 ��04'E, July 1980, W. F. Humphreys et al., WA Goldfields survey, BNR 1, Callitris heath isolate (WAM 97 / 186 ��� 88); 1 female, [1 j], Buningonia Spring, 31 �� 21 ' 20 "S 123 �� 36 ' 10 "E, August 1980, W. F. Humphreys, WA Goldfields survey, BSR 1, samphire, spinifex burn (WAM 98 /1678, 1679). Diagnosis. Females differ from those of D. peterandrewsi sp. nov. in the more rounded epigynal septum and the block-like spermathecae (Fig. 1 f). Males unknown. Description. Female (WAM 97 / 186) Carapace 2.88 long, 2.31 wide. Abdomen 5.00 long, 2.88 wide. Total length 8.4. Colour. Carapace fawn with dark black stripes from each PLE down carapace; broken black areas along carapace margins. Abdomen dorsally with white narrow dagger-like area anteriorly, with fine black borders, converging and continuing at mid-length. Abdomen dorsally generally light grey (Fig. 1 a); two narrow lines from long ���V alongside median ���V; two broad irregular bands for length of abdomen, lateral margins mottled. Legs not banded. Abdomen ventrally (Fig. 1 b) pale grey with symmetrical pattern of darker marks in medial ���V and laterally mottled. Carapace. Hairs more densely spaced on thoracic region than on cephalica. Cephalic region well FIGURE. 1. Diaprograpta striola Simon, WAM 97 / 187, female: a, b, carapace and abdomen, dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views; c, eyes, dorsal view; d, spinnerets, ventral view; e, f, epigyne, external (e) and internal (f) view. Scale line: a, b, 1mm; c, 0.5mm; d���f, 0.25mm. defined, ALE clearly larger than AME. Labium. About as long as wide with symmetrical sinusoidal ridge basally at constriction, ridge more sclerotised on outer edges. Maxillae. Short, narrower basally but cylindrical, with groove extending from point of labium ridge parallel to posterior edge to ca. 0.4 of maxillae. Sternum. Cordate with intercoxal corners. Trochanters deeply notched. Scopula. All leg tarsi with scopula of long setae, not so dense as to obscure cuticle, that on IV divided with band of 2 lines of setae. Metatarsi, full for I, II, thinner basally; distal two-thirds of III, IV and in 3 bands, pro- and retroventral and ventral. None on palp. Legs. I: 2.50, 1.38, 1.88, 1.50, 1.07, 8.31. II: 2.13, 1.19, 1.69, 1.56, 1.00, 7.56. III: 2.38, 1.00, 1.81, 1.56, 0.69. IV: 3.06, 1.19, 2.63, 2.69, 0.81, 10.38. Palp: 1.06, 0.63, 0.56, ���, 1.00, 3.25. Claws. IV with 2 small teeth; I with 3���4; 6 on palpal claw. Tufts with dense pads not obviously separated. Spines. I: fe p 2 d 2; pa0; ti v 2.2; me v 2 not strong. II: fe p 2 d 2; pa0; ti v 1.1; me v 2. III: fe p 2 d 3 r 1; pa0; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2 (or v1.2.2 weak); me p 2 r 1 v 2.1. IV: fe p 1 d 3 r 1; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 1.2.2; me p 5 r 5 v 3.1. Palp: fe d 1.2; pa p 1 d 1 + apical 1; ti p 3 r 2; ta p 3 r 3 v 2 apical. Spinnerets (Fig. 1 d). Closely set; ALS ca. length of PLS; ALS tip domed, PLS longer, triangular. PMS & PLS appear to have large spigots, PMS with small spigot. Epigyne (Fig. 1 e). Externally a medial triangular broad septum with lateral "wings". Male. Unknown. Distribution and Habitat. Known only from the southwest of the Western Australian Goldfields at Boorabbin and Buningonia Springs, an area of spinifex and heath., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 6-8, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352, {"references":["Simon, E. (1909) Araneae. 2 e partie. In: Michaelsen, W. and Hartmeyer, R. (Eds.), Die Fauna Sudwest-Australiens. Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp. 152 - 212.","Roewer, C. F. (1955) Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, 2, pp. 1 - 1751.","Moritz, M. & Fischer, S. (1988) Die Typen der Arachniden-Sammlung des Zoologischen Museums Berlin. VIII. Araneae: Miturgidae, Liocranidae, Clubionidae, Gnaphosidae. Mitteilungen des Zoologischen Museums Berlin, 64, 131 - 149."]}

Family Miturgidae Simon, 1886 Diagnosis (following Raven & Stumkat 2003): Two-clawed lycosoid spiders with grate-shaped tapetum (Fig. 14 a, inset) and RTA of male with unsclerotised portion (e.g., Figs. 6 c, 14 e). Eyes in two rows with posterior row slightly procurved to recurved (e.g., Fig 1 c). Male pedal tibiae without basal fracture zone. Remarks: This diagnosis specifically excludes Cheiracanthium and other Eutichurinae which do not have a grate-shaped tapetum or the unsclerotised section of the RTA; the Eutichurinae are considered more closely related to the Clubionidae (see Introduction). Until version 8.5 of the Platnick catalog of spiders of the world, the year of creation of the Miturgini was considered to be 1885 but has since been corrected to 1886 (Platnick, 2008)., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352, {"references":["Raven, R. J. & Stumkat, K. (2003) Problem solving in the spider families Miturgidae, Ctenidae and Psechridae (Araneae) in Australia and New Zealand. Journal of Arachnology, 31, 105 - 121.","Platnick, N. I. (2008) The World Spider Catalog, version 9. American Museum of Natural History, New York. Available from http: // research. amnh. org / entomology / spiders / catalog / index. html (accessed 24 November 2008)."]}

Euprograpta anhat sp. nov. (Figs 13 a���c, 25 a) Material examined. Holotype. Female, Birdsville track to Mt Isa [no exact locality], western Queensland, June 1987, B. Harvey (NMV K 4478). Diagnosis. Females differ from those of Eupograpta kottae sp. nov. in that the median septum of the epigyne is trianguloid (Fig. 13 b), converging anteriorly to posteriorly. Etymology. A noun in apposition taken from acronym of the software (Australian Natural Heritage Assessment Tool) used by staff at Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts to guide surveys of nationally important natural history sites and that yielded the male of D. peterandrewsi as well as many new species of Oonopidae and Prodidomidae. Description. Female (holotype, NMV K 4478) Carapace 3.44 long, 2.38 wide. Abdomen 4.69 long, 3.00 wide. Total length, 8.5. Like D. striola except: Legs. 1: 2.38, 1.31, 1.94, 1.69, 1.06; 8.38. 2: 2.31, 1.13, 1.88, 1.88, 1.00; 7.88. 3: 2.13, 1.06, 1.50, 1.56, 0.94; 7.19. 4: 3.13, 1.31, 2.44, 2.63, 1.19; 10.70. Palp: 1.00, 0.56, 0.56, ���, 0.94; 3.06. Spines. I: fe p 2 d 2; ti v 2.2; me v 2 not strong. II: fe p 2 d 2; ti v 1.1; me v 2. III: fe p 3 d 3 r 2; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2 (v1.2.2 weak); me p 2 r 1 v 2.1. IV: fe p 2 d 2 r 1; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 1.2.2; me p 5 r 5 v 2.1.1. Palp: fe d 1.2; pa p 1 d 1 apical; ti p 3 r 2; ta p 3 r 1 v 2 apical. Epigyne (Figs 13 b, c). Externally a median elongate tongue-like septum overlying pallid rounded cones extending deeply, and with strong sinuous lateral ridge and anteriorly narrowed. Male Unknown. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 25 a). Known only from the "Birdsville Track to Mt Isa", far western Queensland, an area of open grassland, gibber plains, and desert., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Key to the subfamilies of the Miturgidae 1 Paired movable claw tufts (Figs 14 i, 17g) present on tarsi............................................ Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. - Only scopula extensions below tarsal claws................................................................................................. Miturginae

Mitzoruga gen. nov. Type species. Mitzoruga elapines sp. nov. Diagnosis. Males differ from those of Eupograpta in the short deeply bifid RTA (Fig. 14 e) and females by the epigyne having two lobes beside a median septum (Fig. 16 a). They differ from those of Nuliodon gen. nov. in the slender form of the median apophysis with its long axis in the same line as the long axis of the embolus origin (Fig. 17 a); tips of the RTA elongate, bifid (Fig. 14 e); extensive comb of spine-like bristles along the retrolateral cymbial groove (Fig. 15 b). Also, unlike Nuliodon gen. nov., the carapace is marked either with stripes (Fig 14 g) or a dark submarginal bar. Description. 8 eyes in 2 rows, both rows clearly recurved (Fig. 14 a); eyes of similar size but lateral eyes larger than medians. Claw tufts dense and similar on I���IV; scopula dense on tarsi I���IV and metatarsi I, II, distal, weaker and divided on III; absent on leg IV and tibiae. Ventral spines on tibiae and metatarsi I, II, weak, not paired, similar in male and female. Trochanters with wide, shallow asymmetrical notches. Maxillae (Fig. 14 h) short, basally truncate, ectal edge slightly indented basally, rounded ectal apex with long serrula, ental edges form rounded apex; shallow, glabrous, diagonal groove basally. Labium longer than wide with indistinct submarginal grooves. Chelicerae small, unmodified, fang short; dentition 2 R, 3 P. Weak proventral spines on femora I, II. Tarsi III, IV bowed in lateral view. Male palp. Tibia short with large RTA with 2 similar apices joined by unsclerotised trough (Fig 14 e). Cymbium short, wide, apical cone pointed, with dense ridge of short blunt thick recurved setae apically (Fig. 17 e); no dorsal scopula; retrolateral groove shallow and with strong comb of short curved spines on margin. Tegulum n-shaped, arising centrally; slender to wide median apophysis with apical sclerotised hook; small conical conductor behind median apophysis. Embolus origin broad, separate from median apophysis, on retrobasal corner tapers quickly to wire and proapically is cradled by low, pallid, conical conductor. Six spinnerets: ALS coniform, clearly separated by about half diameter at base; apical segment short conical, large spigots not evident. PMS and longer; PLS cylindrical, slightly longer than ALS; no large spigots evident; all apical segments short, coniform. Colulus is a small, hirsute triangular area. Tracheal spiracle near spinnerets. Epigyne a broad median scape flanked by large low lateral lobes. Pattern: carapace yellow brown with slightly darker medial zone and margins, boundary enhanced by long dark hairs, often with longitudinal stripes; abdomen dorsally pallid, anteriorly with one dark central and two short dark paramedial bands breaking into four chevrons forming diamond-shaped pale zone centrally; ventrally pallid with light irregular dark mottling around edges. Legs yellow brown with dark wide rings on tibiae and metatarsi. Etymology. A contraction of Miturga and Zora; the gender is feminine. Distribution, habitat and biology. Known from southwestern Western Australia, South Australia, western New South Wales, northeastern Queensland, and the Northern Territory. Most material used here was taken by allowing a 4 -wheel-drive diesel vehicle to idle and collecting the spiders attracted by the vibration. WAM 98 / 1700���1733 so collected included 29 juveniles and 5 females of M. insularis sp. nov. Included species. Mitzoruga elapines sp. nov., Mitzoruga insularis sp. nov., Zora marmorea Hogg, 1896., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 21-22, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352, {"references":["Hogg, H. R. (1896) Araneidae. In: Spencer, B. (ed.), Report of the Horn Expedition to Central Australia, Part 2, Zoology. Melville, Mullen and Slade, Melbourne, pp. 309 - 356, plate 24."]}

Nuliodon fishburni sp. nov. (Figs 21 a���d, 22 a���g, 23 a, b, 24 a���c, 25 a, 26 b) Material examined. Holotype . male, Fraser Island: Orchid Beach, Fishburn property, 24 �� 57 'S 153 �� 17 'E, southeastern Queensland, 19 August��� 16 September 1997, pitfall, R. Raven, P. Lawless, eucalypt forest (QM S 31483). Paratypes. Allotype female, North Stradbroke Island, Enterprise Mine, Mallee #3, 27�� 35 'S 153 �� 26 'E, southeastern Queensland, 11 January 2002, QM party (QM S 72691). Other material examined. Australia: Queensland: Southeastern Queensland: 5 males, 3 females, same data as holotype (QM S 31485); 4 females, Bellbird Grove, Brisbane Forest Park, 27 �� 28 'S 153 ��00'E, 9 January 1997, R. J. Raven (QM S 31336); 1 male, Belmont Hills Bushlands, 27 �� 30 'S 153 ��07'E, 1���30 October 2003, QM party (QM S 63963); 1 male, same data but 30 October��� 1 December 2003 (QM S 63964); 1 female, same data but 1 November 2003 (QM S 63967); 1 female, same data but 30 January��� 1 March 2004 (QM S 63973); 1 male, Binjour Plateau, Redvale Rd, 25 �� 32 'S 151 �� 27 'E, 23 September��� 21 December 1997, intercept flight trap, G. Monteith, D. Cook, open forest (QM S 44526); 1 female, Binjour Plateau, 25 �� 28 'S 151 �� 22 'E, 17 November 2000, R. Raven, B. Baehr (QM S 60166); 1 male, 2 females, Binjour Plateau, "dump" S of Highway, 2528 'S 151 �� 22 'E, 16 November 2000 ��� 13 January 2001, pitfall trap, R. Raven, rainforest (QM S 58608); 1 female, Braemar SF, 27 �� 12 'S 150 �� 50 'E, 4���8 February 1980, R. Raven and Qld Museum, cypress and brigalow, litter (QM S 39141); 1 female, same data but 15���19 October 1979 (QM S 39140); 1 male, 1 female, Buhot Creek, Burbank, 27 �� 35 'S 153 �� 10 'E, 30 June��� 28 July 2003, pitfall trap, S. Wright, E. Volschenk, woodland/riparian (QM S 62858); 2 males, same data but 6 November 2003, QM party (QM S 68911); 2 males, Camira, 27 �� 37 'S 152 �� 55 'E, 20 October 1996, R. J. Raven (QM S 31329, S 31353); 1 male, Doolandella, Paradise Rd, 27 �� 36 'S 153 ��01'E, 1���15 February 2002, pitfall trap, C. Burwell, open forest (QM S 62981); 1 female, Drewvale, Illaweena St, 27 �� 38 'S 153 ��03'E, 17 February 2004, QM party (QM S 68915); 1 female, Enoggera Reservoir, 27 �� 26 'S 152 �� 54 'E, 27 January��� 15 March 2000, pitfall trap, G. Monteith, J. Holt, open forest (QM S 70396); 1 male, Fraser Island, Orchid Beach, Marloo Ave, 24 �� 57 'S 153 �� 18 'E, 7 July ��� 3 December 1998, R. Raven, P. Lawless (QM S 51875); 2 males, Fraser Is, Orchid Beach, 24 �� 57 'S 153 �� 18 'E, 20 August��� 7 December 1997, pitfall trap, R. Raven, P. Lawless, heathland (QM S 41755); 1 male, Gold Creek Reservoir, 27 �� 27 'S 152 �� 52 'E, 1���30 October 2003, pitfall trap, QM party, spotted gum, open forest (QM S 63965); 1 female, same data but 31 March ��� 30 April 2004 (QM S 63966); 1 female, same data but 23 February 2004 (QM S 63968); 2 males, 1 female, same data but 30 October��� 1 December 2003 (QM S 63969); 1 male, same data but 1 December 2003 ��� 2 January 2004 (QM S 63970); 1 male, same data but 2���30 January 2004, QM S 63971); 1 male, same data but, 30 January��� 1 March 2004 (QM S 63972); 1 male, 1 female, same data but 4 November 2003 (QM S 63974); 1 male, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, 27 �� 28 'S 153 ��02'E, 11 December 1975, berlesate, G. Oliver, scribbly gum, heath (QM S 39147); 1 male, as above but 2���30 January 2004 (QM S 68912); 1 male, Ipswich: Kholo, Coal Ck, 27 �� 34 'S 152 �� 44 'E, 13 January��� 16 May 1999, G. Monteith, open forest (QM S 49997); 1 male, 1 female, Karawatha Forest, 27 �� 37 'S 153 ��05'E, 1994, D. Stewart (QM S 39183); 1 male, 1 female, Karawatha Forest, site 6, 27�� 37 'S 153 ��05'E, 2���31 October 2003, QM party, eucalypt woodland (QM S 54970); 1 male, 5 November 2003 (QM S 54978); 1 female, Kroombit Tops, Site 16, 24�� 22 'S 151 ��02'E, 14 December 1983, G. Monteith, V. Davies, J. Gallon, G. Thompson, open forest, sieved litter (QM S 39139); 1 female, Lake Broadwater (Site 2), 27 �� 20 'S 151 ��05'E, 3 January ��� 25 February 1986, QLD Museum and M. Bennie (QM S 39530); 1 male, same data but, 17 May��� 24 November 1985 (QM S 39531); 1 male, Moreton Is, 27 �� 11 'S 153 �� 24 'E, 29 November 1978, V. Davies T. Tebble, beach, litter (QM S 31084); 1 male, Mt Coot-tha, Brisbane, 27 �� 29 'S 152 �� 57 'E, 17 December 1996, R. J. Raven, open forest (QM S 41182); 1 male, same data but, March ��� August 1992, Brian Heterick (QM S 41271); 1 male, 1 female, Mt Deongwar, 3km S (site 1), 27 �� 13 'S 152 �� 14 'E, 14 October ��� 30 December 1998, G. Monteith, D. Cook, wet sclerophyll (QM S 50103, S 50104); 2 males, same data but 30 December 1998 ��� 26 March 1999, G. Monteith (QM S 50039); 16 females, 8 males, North Stradbroke Is, Enterprise Mine, Blackbutt site 1, 27�� 33 'S 153 �� 27 'E, 8���9 January 2002, QM party (QM S 55469; S 55502, S 56511, S 55766); 1 male, same data but Blackbutt #2, 8��� 22 January 2002, QM party (QM S 55508); 1 male, 3 females, same data but 27 �� 34 'S 153 �� 27 'E, 9 January 2002 (QM S 55445), Blackbutt # 3; 4 females, same data but Mallee #1, 27�� 34 'S 153 �� 26 'E, 11 January 2002, mallee (QM S 55430, S 55436); 3 females, [2 j], same data but Mallee #2, 27�� 35 'S 153 �� 26 'E (QM S 55442); 1 female, same data but 10 January 2002, C. J. Burwell (QM S 55527); 2 males, 6 females, same data but Mallee #3, 11 January 2002, QM party (QM S 55433); 2 females, [1 j], same data but 7 January 2002 (QM S 55765); 1 female, same data but Scribbly Gum #1, 27�� 36 'S 153 �� 26 'E, 9���10 January 2002, D. J. Cook, scrubby gully (QM S 55591); 1 male, 6 females, same data but Scribbly Gum #2, 10 January 2002, QM party (QM S 56343); 1 male, 6 females [10 j], same data but Scribbly Gum #3, 27�� 36 'S 153 �� 26 'E, 8���22 January 2002 (QM S 55566); 1 female, same data but 10 January 2002 (QM S 55772); 1 female, North Stradbroke Is: "Gordon" (Gc), 27 �� 38 'S 153 �� 24 'E, March 1997, U. Nolte, open forest (QM S 40989); 1 female [1 j], North Stradbroke Is., "Gordon" (GE), 27 �� 40 'S 153 �� 24 'E, September 1997, U. Nolte, open forest (QM S 41014); 1 male, 2 females, Nipping Gully (Site 1), 25 �� 40 'S 151 �� 25 'E, 18 December 1998 ��� 26 January 1999, pitfall trap, G. Monteith, C. Gough, rainforest (QM S 50394); 2 males, Orchid Beach, Fraser Is, 24 �� 57 'S 153 �� 19 'E, 7 March��� 1 October 1996, pitfall trap, R. J. Raven, heathland (QM S 31291); 1 male, 1 female, Pine Mt EP, 27 �� 32 'S 152 �� 41 'E, 13 January��� 16 May 1999, pitfall trap, G. Monteith, open forest (QM S 49992); 2 males, 3 females, [2 penultimate males], Ransome Reserve, 27 �� 29 'S 153 �� 11 'E, 10 November 2003, QM party, Casuarina woodland (QM S 68914); 1 male, same data but 1 December 2003 ��� 2 January 2004 (QM S 68917); 1 male, same data but, 2���29 January 2004 (QM S 68916); 1 male, same data but, 30 October ��� 1 December 2003 (QM S 68913); 1 female, Rochedale SF, 27 �� 37 'S 153 ��08'E, 5 March 1985, R. J. Raven (QM S 39145); 1 male, same data but 20 December 1979, R. Raven, V. Davies (QM S 39146); 1 male, 2 females, same data but 23 November 1979 (QM S 39143); 1 male, 1 female, same data but 31 January 1980 (QM S 39144); 2 females, Springfield, Brisbane, 152 �� 55 'E 27 �� 40 'S, 19 September 1998, K. Walker, G. Robinson (QM S 42750, S 42755); 1 male, Taroom District, Boggomoss (No. 19), 25 �� 25 'S 150 ��00'E, 11 November 1996 ��� January 1997, G. Monteith, D. Cook (QM S 36208); 1 male, The Bluff, Keysland, 26 �� 13 'S 151 �� 41 'E trap, 24 November 1995 ��� 3 February 1996, flight intercept trap, G. Monteith, open forest (QM S 37635). Mideastern Queensland. 2 females, Blackdown Tableland, 23 �� 50 'S 149 ��02'E, 1���6 February 1981, R. J. Raven (QM S 39142); 1 male, Mt Archer, Rockhampton, 23 �� 20 'S 150 �� 35 'E, 19 July��� 22 October 1990, pitfall trap, D. Wallace, R. Raven, K. Williams, semi-evergreen vine thicket (QM S 19594); 1 male, Mt Chalmers (Hollins ppty), 23 �� 18 'S 150 �� 38 'E, D. Wallace (QM S 22180); 1 male, Mt Gavial, 3km SSE, 23 �� 37 'S 150 �� 28 'E, 18 December 1998 ��� 14 March 1999, pitfall trap, D. J. Cook, open forest (QM S 49989); 1 male, Olsen's Caverns (DW 8), 23 �� 10 'S 150 �� 27 'E, 21 March 1991, pitfall trap, D. Wallace, R. Raven, K. Williams, open forest (QM S 19834); 1 female, The Caves (DW 7), 23 �� 11 'S 150 �� 27 'E, 18 July ��� 23 October 1990, pitfall trap, D. Wallace, R. Raven, K. Williams, open forest (QM S 41287); 2 females, 2 males, Yeppoon, Bangalee Beach, 23 ��06'S 150 �� 44 'E, 1 December 1992 ��� March 1993, pitfall and intercept traps, A. Walford, (QM S 27485, S 27488). Diagnosis: As for genus. Etymology: For Paul Fishburn, Queensland wildlife (EPA) ranger and naturalist, Fraser Island, in appreciation of his diverse knowledge, excellent observations and sound field advice. Description. Male (holotype, QM S 31483) Carapace 2.25 long, 1.75 wide. Abdomen 2.65 long, 1.31 wide. Colour. Carapace mottled dark brown with lighter band centrally and submarginally; chelicerae and legs concolorous except for metatarsi orange brown with brown medial and distal rings, tarsi light orange-brown; sternum, maxillae, labium and coxae light orange-brown. Abdomen dorsally greyish-fawn with black flecks becoming larger and more dominant laterally but almost absent ventrally. Carapace. Light cover of short grey, fine bristles; band of ca. 12 long bristles project forward from clypeal edge. Chelicerae. Long bristles on inner edge. Legs. Coxae and trochanters dorsally with prolateral line of ca. 6 long bristles projecting forward with distinct gap to similar group on retrolateral face. I: 1.56, 0.97, 1.41, 1.13, 0.78, 5.84. II: 1.34, 0.97, 1.22, 0.97, 0.72, 5.22. III: 1.41, 0.78, 1.06, 1.16, 0.72, 5.13. IV: 2.03, 0.94, 1.69, 1.78, 0.69, 7.13. Palp: 0.66, 0.41, 0.41, ���, 0.71, 2.19. Spines. I: fe pv 1 p 1 d 2; ti v2.2.2; me v 2.2. II: fe pv 1 p 1 d 2; ti p 1 v 2.2.2; me p 1 r 1 v 2.2. III: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 3; ti p 3 d 1.2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.2.2r2.2.2v2.2.3. IV: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 1; ti p 3 d 2 r 3 v 3.2.2; me p2.2.1r2.2.2v2.2.3. Palp: fe p 1 d1.1.1.2; pa 0; ti p 1. Palp (Fig. 21). RTA includes two processes, flat outer and larger process pointing dorsally and spike on ventral corner; deep sclerotised saddle across to low ridge beside tibia; unsclerotised crescent in saddle between two. Bulb. Subtegulum flat, rounded on probasal corner; tegulum roughly Cshaped from mid-prolateral edge distally across to mid-retrolateral edge. Median apophysis a large apically bifid hooked process distocentrally; embolus origin large triangular, from median apophysis base swings across to prolateral edge at ca. half of bulb passing behind median apophysis to rest in small conductor on retrodistal corner. Female (allotype, QM S 72601) Carapace 2.18 long, 1.63 wide. Abdomen 2.81 long, 1.75 wide. Total length 6.13. As for genus but: Colour. Carapace, legs and ventral abdomen like male, pattern on dorsal abdomen faded. Legs. RCH small, high on face. I: 1.31, 0.91, 1.13, 0.81, 0.63, 4.78. II: 1.16, 0.84, 1.00, 0.72, 0.53, 4.25. III: 1.09, 0.72, 0.84, 0.72, 0.53, 3.91. IV: 1.78, 0.84, 1.38, 1.59, 0.63, 6.22. Palp: 0.69, 0.34, 0.38, ���, 0.59, 2.00. Spines. I, II: fe p 1 d 2; pa 0; ti v 4 bristles; me v 2 basal. III: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 1; pa 0; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 2 r 2 v 2.1.1. IV: fe p 1 d 2 r 1; ti p 2 d 3 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p2.2.2.r2.2.2v2.2.1. Palp: fe p 1 d 2; pa p 1; ti p 3 r 1 v 0; tarsus p 3 d 1 r 2, v 2 predistal. Scopula. Weak but entire on tarsi I, II; weak in distal quarter of metatarsi I, II; weak on tarsi III, none on IV. Epigyne (Figs 22 c, e, 23 a, b). Broadly ovoid with funnels forming diagonal ridges anteriorly. Spinnerets. Colulus absent. ALS slightly coniform; PMS cylindrical, almost as long as ALS but about 0.5 diameter; PLS coniform, smaller than ALS, apical segment coniform; no enlarged spigots evident on any articles. Distribution and habitat (Fig 25 a). The spiders are found commonly in leaf litter formed in eucalypt forest (e.g., Fig. 26 b) on sandy soil along the coats to about 120km inland from about Rockhampton to southern Queensland., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 32-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Eupograpta gen. nov. Type species. Eupograpta kottae sp. nov. Diagnosis. Differs from all other diaprograptines in that females have a large median septum flanked by a pair of large domed unsclerotised areas (Figs 11 c, 12 a) and that males have a large spiralled RTA (Figs 10 d, e, 11 a). Etymology. An euphonious combination of letters based on its sister genus Diaprograpta; the gender is feminine. Description. As for Diaprograpta but females with large median septum flanked by large domed unsclerotised areas and males with a large spiralled RTA. Trichobothrial base collariform (Fig. 10 g). Included species. Eupograpta kottae sp. nov.; Eupograpta anhat sp. nov. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 25 a). Known from southwestern Western Australia and far western Queensland which include areas of bushland to very xeric habitats., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 16-17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Diaprograpta abrahamsae sp. nov. (Figs 2, 3 a, b, 25 a, 26 b) Material examined. Holotype. Male, Chelsea Rd Bushlands Reserve, 27 ��29.0'S 153 �� 11.3 'E, Queensland, 21 March��� 29 April 2004, pitfall traps, QM party, coastal ironbark open forest, alt. 15m (QM S 68839). Diagnosis Male differs from those of all other species by the broad, hooked and trianguloid median apophysis (Fig. 3 a); females unknown. Etymology. The species epithet is in honour of Cr Helen Abrahams, Brisbane City Council, for her support of invertebrate studies in the Brisbane region. Description. Male (holotype, QM S 68839) Colour (Fig 2). Carapace (separated from underlying muscle) fawn with faint grey shadows from each PLE down carapace, with black spots along carapace edge and 1 large irregular black area at posterior margins; legs not banded. Abdomen dorsally pallid with two long broken medial stripes of dark spots; ventrally fawn with few black spots forming no pattern. Eyes. PLE=ALE=PME>>AME. Chelicerae: 2 R, 3 P. Legs. I: 2.78, 1.53, 2.88, 2.69, 1.69, 11.57. II: 2.72, 1.19, 2.53, 2.25, 1.44, 10.13. III: 2.38, 1.03, 2.13, 2.00, 1.44, 8.98. IV: 3.41, 1.19, 3.09, 3.47, 1.44, 12.60. Palp: 1.13, 0.56, 0.25, ���, 0.75, 2.69. Spines: none on patellae. I and II: fe p 3 d 2 r 2 large; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2.2w; me v 2.2 long weak. III: fe pv 1 p 1 d 3 r 3; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 2.1 r1.1.1v2.2.1. IV: fe pv 1 p 2 d 3 r 3; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.1.2r2.1.1.2v2.2.1. Palp: fe p 1 d 1.2; pa p 1 weak d 1 apical; ti p 3 w. Scopula: absent on tibiae; long hairs thin but distinct for distal two-thirds of metatarsi I, half of metatarsi II, sparse and narrow on metatarsi III, IV; moderately dense, entire on tarsi I, II, divided on III, IV. Palp (Figs 3 a, b). Tibia barrel-shaped, smaller than large RTA; RTA a deeply hollowed semicircular scoop, medially bisected by high sclerotised "blade" forming bifid apex with point of RTA. Cymbium lacks apical scopula, promargin with long hairs. Bulb: embolus origin basal, long, trilobate and recurves back from retrobasal corner. Median apophysis basally wide, long, twisted with unsclerotised retrodistal edge and apically scooped long thick accessory spine emerges from retrolateral base of median apophysis. Female. Unknown. Distribution and Habitat. Known only from red soils in an area of long dense grass in a coastal ironbark open forest in Chelsea (Fig. 26 b), a bushland bayside suburb of Brisbane. The male was taken in one of 10 pitfall traps that were set effectively for 14 months. Subsequent pitfall trapping at that location for two years yielded no more material, not even juveniles. This failure may be result of a combination of their claw-tufted morphology and their rarity. (Presumably, the claw-tufts reduce, but do not eliminate, the possibility of the spiders falling into pitfall traps. Collector notes on field labels of similarly-sized Miturga of Valerie Davies, former QM curator, describe deep large burrows formed by water flowing through the ground. These spiders may also occupy such ���burrows. This is the most easterly species of the genus, an otherwise xeric-loving group, and the species most remote from its nearest congener and most divergent in its habitat., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 8-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Diaprograpta hirsti sp. nov. (Figs 5 a, b, 6 a���c, 25 a) Material examined. Holotype. Male, Gum Lagoon, 36 �� 17 'S 140 ��02'E, South Australia, 26 March 1999, D. Hirst, vehicle vibration (SAMA NN 6275). Diagnosis. The male differs from that of D. alfredgodfreyi sp. nov. in the more extensive comb retrolaterally on cymbium and prolateral lobe on tegular margin (Figs 5, 6); differs from D. striola in presence of three dark spots on caput, more mottled lateral carapace, a median stripe on the abdomen and also PME=AMEEtymology. In honour of David Hirst whose knowledge, interest and collection management skills have built the South Australian Museum spider holdings into a fine collection and whose published research on Australian Sparassidae, a ubiquitous and visually dominant group, is highly honoured but has only ever had limited funding. Description. Male (holotype, SAMA NN 6275) Carapace 2.47 long, 1.94 wide. Abdomen 2.56 long, 1.41 wide. Total length, 5.2. Colour. Like D. striola. Eyes. PME=AMEChelicerae. P 3, R 2. Legs: 1: 2.19, 1.00, 2.03, 1.84, 0.97, 8.03. 2: 1.91, 0.81, 1.69, 1.69, 0.97, 7.07. 3: 1.81, 0.94, 1.56, 1.47, 0.84, 6.62. 4: 2.81, 1.06, 2.47, 2.69, 1.03, 10.06. Palp: 0.81, 0.38, 0.38, 1.28, 2.85. Spines. I: fe p 1 d 3; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 1 r 1 v 2.2. II: fe p 1.2 d. 1.1 r 1.1; ti p 2 d 1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 2 r 1 v 2.2. III: fe p 1.2 d 3 r 3; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.1.2r1.2.1v2.2.1. IV: fe p 1.2 d 3 r 3; ti p 2 d 2.1.r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.2.2r2.1.1.1v2.2.1. Palp: fe d 1.1 or d 1.1.2; pa p 1 d 1 w; ti p 3 d 1. Scopula. Weak on tarsi I���IV; distal cluster on metatarsi I���III, absent on IV. Palp. (Bulb expanded, figs 5, 6.) Distal embolic edge deeply undulate; median apophysis rectanguloid with small hook on distal prolateral edge; tegular margin with prolateral lobe. RTA with large lateral expansion with sinuous dorsal scoop. Cymbium with long strong retrolateral comb of strong sinuous spines and ridge forming two distal lobes. Female. Unknown. Distribution and Habitat (Fig. 25 a). Known only from Gum Lagoon, South Australia, an area of open heath on low rolling sand dunes., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Diaprograpta peterandrewsi sp. nov. (Figs 7 a, b, 8 a���d, 9 a, b, 25 a, 26 a) Material examined. Holotype. Male, Allen Range, S of Winton, 22 �� 35 ' 15.6 "S, 142 �� 56 ' 23.3 "E, Queensland, 29 June��� 7 September 2006, R. Raven, B. Baehr, A. Amey (QM S 76030), site G029, alt. 227m. Paratypes. Female allotype, Mt Cameron, Winton, 22 �� 59 ' S 14233 'E, Queensland, 15���28 May 1977, A. Rozefelds (QM S 39453); 1 female, taken with allotype (QM S 7295). Diagnosis. The male differs from that of D. hirsti sp. nov. in the longer tapering RTA (Fig. 7), smaller and less undulate embolic base and sharply folder hook of median apophysis. Females differ from those of D. striola in the more rectangular shape of the septum (Figs 8 c, 9 a) and the presence of a third pair of spines on tibiae I and II and in being bigger spiders. Etymology. The specific epithet is a patronym in honour both of Mr Peter Andrews, in small recognition of his revolutionary approach to the Australian environment documented in his book, Back from the Brink: how Australia's landscape can be saved and epinomously for Dr Peter Andrews, Chief Scientist, Queensland Government, for his contribution to advancing scientific research in Queensland. Description. Male (holotype, QM S 76030) Carapace 3.88 long, 2.94 wide. Abdomen 3.63 long, 2.50 wide. Colour. As for D. striola. Spines. One very long basal spine on dorsal femora 3, other dorsal femoral spines broken. Absent on leg patellae. I: fe pv 1 p 1 d 1.1; ti p 1 v 2.2.2; me p 1 v 2.2. II: fe p 3 d 4 r 1; ti p 2 v 2.2.2; me p 2 v 2.2. III: fe p 2 d 3 r 3; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p 3 d 2 r1.2.1v2.2.2. IV: fe p 1 d 3 r 3; ti p 2 d 2.1 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p2.1.2.2r2.1.1.2.2v 2.2. Palp: fe pv 1 p 1 d1.1.2; pa p 1; ti p 3. Legs. Very long dorsal seta on distal patellae and basal and distal on tibiae. I: 3.44, 1.56, 3.00, 2.63, 1.63, 12.25. II: 2.56, 1.38, 2.50, 2.56, 1.31, 10.31. III: 2.88, 1.25, 2.13, 2.56, 1.38, 9.56. IV: 4.06, 1.56, 3.56, 3.75, 1.56, 14.50. Palp: 1.50, 0.69, 0.63, ���, 1.56, 4.38. Scopula. Light but distinct on leg tarsi through distal third of metatarsi I���IV. Palp. Patella with dorsodistal rounded process fitting into sclerotised notch on basal tibia. Tibia stout, ventrally dominated by glabrous "saddle", probasally incrassate, smaller than large RTA, prodistal edge with sclerotised trianguloid plate apically inserting into cymbium; RTA long, complex rolled or fluted into large trianguloid process, retrolateral face pallid, unsclerotised, dorsal edge with darkly sclerotised area terminating with upwardly directed (into side of cymbium) small sclerotised lobe, retroventral edge of tibia adjacent to base of RTA a small sclerotised trianguloid lobe forming cleft with base of RTA. Cymbium lacks apical scopula, promargin with long bristles, with broad, strongly sclerotised deep groove retrobasally with line of closely curved dark bristles along upper edge extending from base for 0.6 length of cymbium; distal of groove along cymbial edge, a strong band of long curved hairs adpressed closely to the bulb; apex of cymbium almost absent. Bulb: embolus origin basal, almost on prolateral edge, long, clockwise to end above median apophysis. Median apophysis roughly rectanguloid, long, with large prodistal trianguloid keeled process, probasally with a diagonal groove, retrobasally with digitiform lobe arising from dorsal face. Tegulum broadly domed. Female (allotype, QM S 39453) Carapace 3.38 long, 2.50 wide. Abdomen 6.06 long, 3.25 wide. Colour. As for D. striola. Eyes. AME ca. 0.5 ALE. Anterior row recurved, posterior row recurved so posterior edge of PME and anterior edge of PLE form common line. Spines. Very long basal spine on dorsal femora I���IV. Absent on leg patellae. I: fe p 1.d 1.1; ti v 2.2; me v 2. II: fe p 2 d 1.1; ti v 2.1; me v 2. III: fe p 3 d 3 r 1; ti p 2 r 2 v 2.2.1; me p 2 r 2 v 2.1. IV: fe p 1 d 3 r 1; ti p 2 d 2 r 2 v 2.2.2; me p1.2.2r1.2.2v2.1.1. Palp: fe d 1.2; pa p 1 d 1; ti p 3 d 2; ta p 2 d 1 r 2 and v 2 pair subdistally. Legs. Very long dorsal seta on distal patellae and basal and distal on tibiae. Tarsi IV laterally bowed. Scopula. On all tarsi; for metatarsi I, for full length but denser in distal half; II, in distal third; III, IV for distal quarter. Claws. Tufts dense; paired claws each with 4 teeth. Spinnerets. Colulus a small, round, hirsute zone. ALS conical; PMS cylindrical; PLS cylindrical with triangular apical segment. Epigyne (Fig. 9). Broad median rounded scape with lateral lobes forming short triangular process. Distribution and Habitat. Known only from Winton, western Queensland, from an area of open grassland (Fig. 26 a)., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2009, Revisions of Australian ground-hunting spiders: IV. The spider subfamily Diaprograptinae subfam. nov. (Araneomorphae: Miturgidae), pp. 1-40 in Zootaxa 2035 on pages 13-16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.186352

Raven, Robert J. (2008): A Revision Of The Mygalomorph Spider Genus Monodontium Kulczynski (Barychelidae: Araneae). Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (1): 29-44, DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5340512, {"references":["Bonnet, P., 1957. Bibliographia Araneorum. Douladoure, Toulouse. 2(2): 1927-3026.","Brignoli, P. M., 1983. A catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. British Arachnological Society, Manchester. 755 pp.","Goloboff, P. A., 1993. A reanalysis of mygalomorph spider families (Araneae). American Museum Novitates, 3056: 1-32.","Hennig, W., 1966. Phylogenetic systematics. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.","Kulczynski, W., 1908. Araneae musei nationalis Hungarici in regionibus Indica et Australia a Ludovico Biro collectae. Annales historico-naturales Musei nationalis Hungarici, 6: 428-494.","Lehtinen, P. T., 1967. Classification of the Cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 4: 199-467.","Main, B. Y., 1982. Some zoogeographic considerations of families of spiders occurring in New Guinea. In: Gressitt, J. L. (ed.), Biogeography and Ecology in New Guinea. Dr W. Junk, The Hague. Pp. 583-602.","Main, B. Y., 1985. Mygalomorphae. In: Walton, D.W. (ed.), Zoological Catalogue of Australia, 3. Arachnida: Mygalomorphae, Araneomorphae in part, Pseudoscorpionida, Amblypygi, and Palpigradi. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. Pp. 1-48.","Mello-Leitao, C. F. de, 1923. Theraphosoideas do Brasil. Revista Museo Paulista, 13: 1-438.","Platnick, N. I., 1989. Advances in Spider Taxonomy 1981-1987: A supplement to Brignoli's A catalogue of the Araneae described between 1940 and 1981. Manchester University Press, Manchester. 673 pp.","Platnick, N. I., 1993. Advances in Spider Taxonomy 1988-1991. With synonymies and transfers 1940-1980. New York Entomological Society & American Museum of Natural History, New York. 846 pp.","Raven, R. J., 1985. The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): cladistics and systematics. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 182: 1-180.","Raven, R. J., 1994. Mygalomorph spiders of the Barychelidae in Australia and the western Pacific. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 35(2): 291-706.","Roewer, C. F., 1942. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940. Paul Budy Bd., Bremen. 1: i-viii, 1-1040.","Simon, E., 1889. Voyage de M.E. Simon au Venezuela (decembre 1887-avril 1888). 4e Memoire. Arachnides. Annales de la Soci e t e Entomologique de France, 6(9): 169-220."]}

Coremiocnemis Simon1892 Coremiocnemis Simon1892:146;Simon1903:956.Type species by original designation and monotypy,Phlogius cunicularius Simon1892.Type in Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle,Paris,examined[N.B.:reviewers of this paper,von Wirth&Striffler have two specimens in the vial of the type species;when I examined the material in1983in Paris,there was only one and only one was mentioned by Simon(1892)]. Diagnosis:Differs from Selenocosmia in having the maxillary lyra consisting of long shafted paddles with long distal blades(Figs14, 23).Coremiocnemis is a selenocosmiine theraphosid with intercheliceral peg spines(Figs6, 37),maxillary lyra consisting of long paddles with long distal blades(Figs14, 23),cracked fourth tarsi,and a third claw on the fourth leg. Type species:Phlogius cunicularius Simon1892. Included species:Phlogius cunicularius Simon1892;Coremiocnemis valida Pocock1895;Coremiocnemis tropix sp.nov. Distribution:Malaysia and tropical north-eastern Queensland,Australia. Remarks:On the basis of2males and two adult females of Yamia watasei Kishida 1920,Haupt and Schmidt(2004:202)concluded that the division of tarsal scopula(Figs28-29)per se is not valid in the recognition of any theraphosid genera.However,the issue is by no means so clear and their denouncement is both oversimplified and insubstantial.Indeed,many theraphosids have the scopula of tarsi I integral and that of tarsi IV divided;Raven(1985)documented that anterior-posterior gradualism.However,a number of genera(e.g.,Ischnocolus)also have the scopula of tarsi I–III also divided and that is consistent in adults.As noted by Raven(1994:301),Raven(1985)incorrectly keyed only Coremiocnemis as having the intercheliceral peg spines and having tarsi IV integral;intercheliceral peg spines are also present in material presumed to be the type species of Selenocosmia,S.javanensis(Walckenaer1837)(Schmidt and von Wirth1995)but,in the absence of a holotype of the latter,Raven(2000)set the resurrection of Phlogius L.Koch(for the Australian species placed in Selenocosmia)aside pending a cladistic analysis of the group.Equally,a number of genera,including Coremiocnemis have the fourth tarsi cracked.

Coremiocnemis tropix sp.nov. (Figs1-37) Material examined. Holotype:female,Atherton,17��16'S,145��29'E,north-eastern Queensland,Australia,25May1988,M.Jeansson,QM S6325. Paratypes:WAM90/1959, 1male,Freshwater Creek,at Crystal Cascades,10km S.of Freshwater,12Jul1986,M.Harvey;WAM T57516, 1male,1female,Atherton,June1994,R.Elick.1female,Table Mt,10km S Cape Tribulation,16��09'S,145��26'E,rainforest,24Apr1983,G.Monteith,D.Cook,QM S10583;1female,Gordonvale,27km SW,17��01'S,145��45'E,rainforest,17Mar1980,N.Clyde Coleman,QM S10590;1female,Cape Tribulation,16��05'S,145��26'E,rainforest,29Dec1982- 8 Jan1983,G.Monteith,QM S10598;1female,Freshwater Creek,Cairns,16��58'S,145��43'E,rainforest,under stones,Aug1977,M.T.Bishop,QM S10633;1female,Mulgrave River,27km SW Gordonvale,16��23'S,143��59'E,19Mar1980,N.Clyde Coleman,QM S10793;1female,Crystal Cascades,16��58'S,145��42'E,rainforest,sheet web,24Aug1980,M.Harvey,QM S20889;1male,Cairns,16��55'S,145��46'E,house,5Sep1995,Stella Jeffery,QM S30136;1male,Kuranda,16��49'S,145��38'E,house,1Aug1991,G.Monteith,QM S25471;1female,Cairns,16��55'S,145��46'E,24Apr2001,A.Hunt,QM S55051;1female,Earlville,16��57'S,145��44'E,Nov1986,Safeway Pest Control,QM S6685;1male,1female,Mission Beach,17��56'S,146��05'E,May1981,E.Long,QM S10650;1male,Clifton beach,16��46'S,145��40'E,28May1992,QM S20388;1male,Smithfield,Cairns,16��51'S,145��43'E,spider bite,2May1996,P.Hawkins,QM S29732;1male,Kurrimine Beach,30km S Innisfail,17��47'S,146��06'E,spider bite,July1997,via R.Piper,QM S34638.All in north-eastern Queensland,Australia. Other material examined:1juvenile,Noah Creek,Cape Tribulation,16��08'S,145��26'E,rainforest,16Oct1980,G.Monteith,QM S10592;1penultimate male,Cape Tribulation,2km WNW(Site2),16��05'S,145��28'E,rainforest,23 Sep��� 7Oct1982,G.Monteith,D.Yeates,G.Thompson,QM S10593;1penultimate male,Babinda,17��21'S,145��56'E,hospital,QM S10610;1penultimate male,Cape Tribulation,16��05'S,145��26'E,rainforest,22 Sep��� 7Oct1982,Qld Naturalists Club,QM S10630;1juvenile,Mt Hartley,15��46'S,145��20'E,rainforest,6Nov1974,V.Davies,J.Covacevich,D.Joffe,QM S10632;4penultimate males,Cape Tribulation,16��05'S,145��26'E,rainforest,under logs and rocks,15-19Aug1975,W.and J.Nash,QM S10640;3penultimate males,Crystal Cascades,16��58'S,145��42'E,rainforest,Feb1979,N.Clyde Coleman,QM S10792;1penultimate male,Cape Tribulation,16��05'S,145��26'E,rainforest,26Aug1988,T.B.Churchill,QM S11216;1juvenile,Cairns,Brinsmead,16��55'S,145��46'E,4May1989,P.Blackman,QM S15278.All in north-eastern Queensland,Australia. Diagnosis:Differs from both C.cunicularia(Simon1892)and C.valida Pocock1895in the absence of the very long brushes on metatarsi IV(Figs1, 18)and in the less extensive maxillary lyra(Figs14, 23). Etymology:An arbitrary combination of letters phonetically like tropics,the origin of the spider. Common Name:Tropix. Holotype Female QM S6325 Description(measurements in mm):Carapace11.1long,8.7wide,chelicerae5.5.Legs(femur,patella,tibia,metatarsus,tarsus,total):I:8.0, 5.0, 6.0, 4.3, 2.8, 26.1.II:6.4, 4.2 4.5, 3.9, 2.6, 21.6.III:5.8, 3.5, 3.5, 4.2, 2.5, 19.5.IV:7.7, 4.0, 5.7, 6.6, 3.3, 27.0.Palp:5.5, 3.3, 3.5,-,3.5, 15.8.Midwidths:femora I,II,IV=1.65,III=1.90;tibia I���IV,2.1, 1.75, 1.75, 1.65.Abdomen12.7long,7.2wide.Spinnerets:PMS,3.50long,0.55wide,1.10apart with sclerotised(but less hirsute than venter)cuticle to anal tubercle;PLS,6.0basal,4.2middle,6.0,distal;midwidths1.0, 1.0, 0.75,respectively. Carapace:length to width1.28;uniform red brown;uniform cover of long white wavy hairs,no setae or thorns. Eyes:ratio of group width to length2.11.PLE clearly smaller than ALE but clearly bigger than PME,AME =ALE(Figs2, 4). Maxillae(Fig.14):posterior ventral edge gently rounded for length;retro-face mostly pallid,smooth,glabrous.Cuspules:ca.200in anterior corner in square region(Figs11, 22).Posterior edge near heel straight or slightly concave. Maxillary lyra(Fig.14):overall shape,small,ovoid,ca.0.6of mid-maxilla length;ventral edge more or less smoothly and gently convex;outer point asymmetrically rounded point;inner point bluntly truncated;large outer paddles in smoothly uniform curving line,gaps evenly spaced;overall size,central,about half length.No brush ventral of lyra.Thick paddle setae in3lines centrally then thick pointed start;lyra dorsal edge line relative to midgroove line divergent,ca.10basally diverging to15distally. Labium(Fig.13):over200cuspules in band for two-fifths of length anteriorly;cuspules ca.similar in size and number to maxillary.Basal groove shallow,distinct.Labiosternal groove(Fig.13)not concave,flat with slight(anterior)rise,two separate large sigilla. Chelicerae:intercheliceral spines basodorsally,ca.13larger and2-4smaller basally(Figs6, 37).Ectal lyrate area(Fig.5),groove glabrous;lyra setae,not apically convergent but parallel,in3straight lines of long thick setae,2lines of short coniform ectally with irregular band of thorns2-4deep outside that(Fig.5). Sternum(Figs10-11):profile saddle-like,high at back and front.Posterior angle sharp but not separating coxae IV.Posterior edge easily seen,sloping gradually.Marginal thorns absent.Prostrate hair mat strong,dense,or of grey hairs.Pedicel and sternum edges form clear boundary in elevation and setation,pedicel edge pallid. Sigilla(Figs10-11):3pairs,posterior ca.2(1.6-3across paratypes)lengths apart and only ca.1length from margin;middle ca.half size of posterior,within ca.1length of margin;anterior clearly present. Legs:leg I clearly thicker than IV but II subequal to IV.Basifemoral thorns absent on all.Femora I���II prolaterally with long bushy fine hairs;III distinctly incrassate.Metatarsus I hardly longer than tarsus,less than twice. Leg pilosity(number of long hairs extending well above base layer):tibia I p=10-15,d=5-10,r=10-15;metatarsus I p=d=5-10,r=1-3,v=1-3;tibia IV p=30-40,d=20-30,r =v=40-50;metatarsus IV p=30-40,d=30-40,r=v=50-60;tarsus IV ca.20-40dorsolaterally on each side.Tuft of blunt-tipped hairs,distoventral metatarsi present at least on IV(Fig.34).Paired long sensory hairs pointing distad,long gently curved dorsolateral pair basally(0.2from base)on metatarsi I���IV,long bent(at0.5)pair at distal0.8on metatarsi I���IV (Fig.15;possibly widespread);long curving dorsolateral pair at0.5(end of very long filiform trichobothria)on tarsi I���IV (Fig.15).Long,downwardly curved hairs(Figs15, 30)below claw tufts basally with transverse ribbing but apically with discontinuous partially spiralled ribbing(presumably thermosensory in function;viz.,Den Otter,1974).Upper tarsi IV(and presumably I���III)with two other hairs types:closed longitudinal fimbriae(Fig.35)and differentially dorsoventrally fimbriated hairs(Fig.36). Trichobothria(Fig.33):on tarsi basal filiform field hardly wider than clavate field and merges smoothly;clavates on tarsi I only in distal2/3;long filiforms only in basal half,shorter filiforms intermixed with clavates distally.Clavate extent on II���IV cf.I,only in distal2/3;long filiforms only in basal half,shorter filforms for length.Short epitrichobothrial hair field(Figs31-33)on I shorter than clavates and uniform height for length. Leg coxae(Fig.10):no thorns prolaterodorsally or retrodorsally.Coxal bases dorsally easily seen from above(Fig.2).I clearly longest,about1.8times length of II;IV clearly widest and about as long as III and basally with anterior corner indistinct,edge curves dorsally,rounded at interface.III basally rectangular.Coxae ventrally with short,weak thorns only on prolateral faces of I���II (Fig.19). I���IV ventrally with many long blunt setae but most short dark and fewer long pallid;ventral surface clearly curving or sloping forward.Retrolateral setation: I���III with median narrow light brush,IV glabrous; III���IV with setose mound up from inner corner low mound with few bristles.All retrolaterally lack ventral ledge and ventrally with uniform setation(Fig.10). Scopula:entire,dense on tarsi I and metatarsi I���II;on tarsi II entire but with long emergent hairs in central zone,not dividing scopula;on metatarsi III for ca.0.8-9of length,but with uniformly distributed(i.e.,not a dividing line)long emergent hairs;on tarsi III entire but with long emergent hairs in central zone but not dividing scopula.For ca.0.75length of metatarsi IV,divided by setal band3-4wide;on tarsi IV divided by long fawn brown hairs in band4-7wide.Dividing hairs on tarsi composed of uniformly fimbriate brush with spine-like apex tipped with small sphere(Fig.29,inset).No scopula on proventral tibiae I���II. Spines,metatarsi:I,with1minute ventral or ventrolateral;II,with3distal ventral;III,with3distal ventral,and2distal dorsolateral;IV with3distoventral,and2distal dorsolateral.Elsewhere absent. Tarsal weakness(Figs9, 18):cracked tarsi dorsally evident as pale line,a distinct line laterally,only on tarsus IV. Claws(Figs15, 17):third claw only on IV,distinct hooked.2-3small distal teeth and few lower basally on paired claws on all legs,and also on palpal claw but teeth smaller. Abdomen pilosity(Fig.3):dorsally with fine layer of hair and bristles,cuticle not exposed;ventrally with fine layer of many long grey hairs and fewer brown bristles,cuticle obscured. Genitalia:ventral lip ends anterior to dorsal lip,and with long parallel hairs(Fig.12);internally consisting of a pair of weakly ribbed rectangular lobes and apically folded(Fig.16). Allotype male QM S10557 Description(measurements in mm):Carapace10.7long,8.6wide,chelicerae3.20.Legs(femur,patella,tibia,metatarsus,tarsus,total):I:9.8, 5.5, 8.3, 6.4, 3.7, 33.7.II:8.6, 4.7, 6.7, 5.7, 4.7, 30.4.III:.7.3, 4.0, 5.1, 6.1, 3.2, 25.7.IV:.9.5, 4.5, 8.0, 9.1, 4.2, 35.3.Palp:6.6, 3.6, 4.9,-,2.7, 17.8.Midwidths:femora I���II,IV=1.85,III=2.30;tibia I���IV,2.3, 1.92, 1.60, 1.70.Abdomen10.4long,6.0wide.Spinnerets:PMS,1.65long,0.40wide,0.6apart;PLS,2.6basal,2.7middle,3.3distal;mid-widths1.0, 1.5, 0.6respectively. Like female but: Carapace(Figs20-21):length to width1.24,carapace uniform dark red brown,caput anteriorly dark,becoming lighter red posteriorly.Uniform cover of long white wavy hairs;no setae or thorns. Eyes:PLE clearly smaller than ALE but clearly bigger than PME,AME =ALE. Maxillae(Fig.23):as for female. Labium:cuspules over200in band for two-fifths length anteriorly.Basal groove distinct;labiosternal groove not concave,flat with slight(anterior)rise,two separate,large sigilla. Chelicerae:ectal lyrate area large,semicircular;intercheliceral spines basodorsally4thick and ca.15smaller. Sternum(Fig.22):profile saddle-like,high at back and front;posterior angle sharp,separates coxae IV but posterior edge easily seen,sloping gradually.Marginal thorns absent.Prostrate hair mat between bristles strong,dense.Pedicel and sternum edges form clear boundary in elevation and setation,pedicel edge pallid. Sigilla(Fig.22):3pairs,posterior1.6-3lengths apart;ca.0.7-0.8of length from margin;middle pair about half size of posterior;within1length of margin;anterior pair distinct. Legs(Fig.20):leg I clearly thicker than IV but II subequal.Basifemoral thorns absent on all.Femora I,II prolaterally with long bushy fine hairs.Femur III distinctly incrassate. Coxae:no thorns prolaterodorsally on IV,basally anterior corner indistinct,edge curves dorsally,or rounded at interface.III,basally rectangular.Ventrally with weak thorns on prolateral face of I���II.Ventral surface of I���IV clearly curving or sloping forward;retrolaterally I���III with median narrow light brush,IV glabrous. III���IV with setose mound up from inner corner low mound with few bristles on III���IV.All retrolaterally without ventral ledge;ventral pilosity uniform. Scopula:entire,dense on tarsi I���II;on metatarsi III ca.0.8-0.9of length,but with uniformly distributed(i.e.,not a dividing line)long emergent hairs,but thin with long hairs;on tarsi III entire without emergents;on metatarsi IV for about three-quarters of distal length,divided by setal band3-4wide;on tarsi IV divided by long fawn brown hairs in band4-7wide.No scopula on proventral tibiae I���II. Spines,metatarsi:I,1minute ventral or ventrolateral;II,3ventral;III,3ventral and2dorsolateral;IV,3ventral and2dorsolateral.Elsewhere absent. Tarsal weakness:cracked tarsi dorsally evident on III���IV,to venter only on III���IV,pallid zone also on II. Claws:third claw only on IV,paired claws on I���IV with3-4small teeth. Male palp(Figs24-27):embolus tip widely flared,flare only one-sided;twisted through90��at tip.Relative length of palpal tibia about double length of bulb. Distribution and Habitat.Known only from lowland rainforests in the Cairns region,Wet Tropics,Queensland,Australia. Remarks.The inclusion of this new species in the otherwise Malaysian genus only reflects the unrevised status of many theraphosids from Australasia.Correct recognition of C.tropix sp.nov.using live material is only possible by the examination of the chelicerae of its exuviae., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2005, A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae), pp. 15-28 in Zootaxa 1004 on pages 18-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10088

Selenocosmiinae Simon1889 Selenocosmiinae Simon1889:204;Simon1892:147;Raven1985:118. Poecilotherieae Simon1889:204;Simon1892:144. Phlogieae Simon1892:144.First synonymised by Simon1903:953. Diagnosis:With ovoid lyra on anterior face of maxillae which may be reduced or absent,legs weakly spinose,if at all;males lacking coupling spurs on tibia I. Remarks:The placement of taxa which lack a maxillary lyra(e.g.,Yamia;see Haupt and Schmidt2004)within the Selenocosmiinae only presents a phylogenetic problem if the alyrate taxa are considered the sister group of all of the other lyrate species.However,if the lyra has been secondarily lost in Yamia then that species may be better placed in Phlogiellus.In either case,the monothetic definition of the subfamily remains an unresolved issue.No phylogenetic analysis has ever been presented which could resolve this question. Curiously,Simon(1892)diagnosed the tribes Phlogieae(and others)as differing from Selenocosmieae in that at least the posterior tarsi had the scopula divided by setae but later(1903)rescinded the separation.Haupt and Schmidt(2004:202)lept from that kind of distinction to a more generalised but unsupported conclusion about the value of the division of the tarsal scopula:"Certain characters do not seem to be very useful for classification:Simon(1892)followed by Raven(1985)used the division of metatarsal and tarsal scopulae to distinguish different genera."In fact,Raven(1985)never used the division of the metatarsal scopula but its extent and the tarsal division was not used to distinguish between genera(no diagnoses of theraphosid genera were provided)but in an identification key in which the differing states of the tarsal scopula were accommodated by having the genus appear twice in the overall key,e.g.Ischnocolus appeared in Group I and Group II.Furthermore,in a paper presented to the International Congress of Arachnology,Ghent,2004,Guadanucci(in press)showed unequivocally that the division of the tarsal scopula is informative,provided it is not used to identify juveniles., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2005, A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae), pp. 15-28 in Zootaxa 1004 on page 16, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10088

Selenocosmiinae Simon1889 Selenocosmiinae Simon1889:204;Simon1892:147;Raven1985:118. Poecilotherieae Simon1889:204;Simon1892:144. Phlogieae Simon1892:144.First synonymised by Simon1903:953. Diagnosis:With ovoid lyra on anterior face of maxillae which may be reduced or absent,legs weakly spinose,if at all;males lacking coupling spurs on tibia I. Remarks:The placement of taxa which lack a maxillary lyra(e.g.,Yamia;see Haupt and Schmidt2004)within the Selenocosmiinae only presents a phylogenetic problem if the alyrate taxa are considered the sister group of all of the other lyrate species.However,if the lyra has been secondarily lost in Yamia then that species may be better placed in Phlogiellus.In either case,the monothetic definition of the subfamily remains an unresolved issue.No phylogenetic analysis has ever been presented which could resolve this question. Curiously,Simon(1892)diagnosed the tribes Phlogieae(and others)as differing from Selenocosmieae in that at least the posterior tarsi had the scopula divided by setae but later(1903)rescinded the separation.Haupt and Schmidt(2004:202)lept from that kind of distinction to a more generalised but unsupported conclusion about the value of the division of the tarsal scopula:"Certain characters do not seem to be very useful for classification:Simon(1892)followed by Raven(1985)used the division of metatarsal and tarsal scopulae to distinguish different genera."In fact,Raven(1985)never used the division of the metatarsal scopula but its extent and the tarsal division was not used to distinguish between genera(no diagnoses of theraphosid genera were provided)but in an identification key in which the differing states of the tarsal scopula were accommodated by having the genus appear twice in the overall key,e.g.Ischnocolus appeared in Group I and Group II.Furthermore,in a paper presented to the International Congress of Arachnology,Ghent,2004,Guadanucci(in press)showed unequivocally that the division of the tarsal scopula is informative,provided it is not used to identify juveniles.

Coremiocnemis Simon1892 Coremiocnemis Simon1892:146;Simon1903:956.Type species by original designation and monotypy,Phlogius cunicularius Simon1892.Type in Museum National d���Histoire Naturelle,Paris,examined[N.B.:reviewers of this paper,von Wirth&Striffler have two specimens in the vial of the type species;when I examined the material in1983in Paris,there was only one and only one was mentioned by Simon(1892)]. Diagnosis:Differs from Selenocosmia in having the maxillary lyra consisting of long shafted paddles with long distal blades(Figs14, 23).Coremiocnemis is a selenocosmiine theraphosid with intercheliceral peg spines(Figs6, 37),maxillary lyra consisting of long paddles with long distal blades(Figs14, 23),cracked fourth tarsi,and a third claw on the fourth leg. Type species:Phlogius cunicularius Simon1892. Included species:Phlogius cunicularius Simon1892;Coremiocnemis valida Pocock1895;Coremiocnemis tropix sp.nov. Distribution:Malaysia and tropical north-eastern Queensland,Australia. Remarks:On the basis of2males and two adult females of Yamia watasei Kishida 1920,Haupt and Schmidt(2004:202)concluded that the division of tarsal scopula(Figs28-29)per se is not valid in the recognition of any theraphosid genera.However,the issue is by no means so clear and their denouncement is both oversimplified and insubstantial.Indeed,many theraphosids have the scopula of tarsi I integral and that of tarsi IV divided;Raven(1985)documented that anterior-posterior gradualism.However,a number of genera(e.g.,Ischnocolus)also have the scopula of tarsi I���III also divided and that is consistent in adults.As noted by Raven(1994:301),Raven(1985)incorrectly keyed only Coremiocnemis as having the intercheliceral peg spines and having tarsi IV integral;intercheliceral peg spines are also present in material presumed to be the type species of Selenocosmia,S.javanensis(Walckenaer1837)(Schmidt and von Wirth1995)but,in the absence of a holotype of the latter,Raven(2000)set the resurrection of Phlogius L.Koch(for the Australian species placed in Selenocosmia)aside pending a cladistic analysis of the group.Equally,a number of genera,including Coremiocnemis have the fourth tarsi cracked., Published as part of Raven, Robert J., 2005, A new tarantula species from northern Australia (Araneae, Theraphosidae), pp. 15-28 in Zootaxa 1004 on page 17, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.10088