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Background: Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective in cancer treatment, different adverse effects induced by these therapeutic modalities (such as ototoxicity) restrict their clinical use. Co-treatment of melatonin may alleviate the chemotherapy/radiotherapy-induced ototoxicity. Objective: In the present study, the otoprotective potentials of melatonin against the ototoxicity induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy were reviewed. Methods: According to the PRISMA guideline, a systematic search was carried out to identify all relevant studies on “the role of melatonin against ototoxic damage associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy” in the different electronic databases up to September 2022. Sixty-seven articles were screened based on a predefined set of inclusion and exclusion criteria. Seven eligible studies were finally included in this review. Results: The in vitro findings showed that cisplatin chemotherapy significantly decreased the auditory cell viability compared to the control group; in contrast, the melatonin co-administration increased the cell viability of cisplatin-treated cells. The results obtained from the distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) tests demonstrated a decreased amplitude of DPOAE and increased values of ABR I-IV interval and ABR threshold in mice/rats receiving radiotherapy and cisplatin; nevertheless, melatonin co-treatment indicated an opposite pattern on these evaluated parameters. It was also found that cisplatin and radiotherapy could significantly induce the histological and biochemical changes in the auditory cells/tissue. However, melatonin co-treatment resulted in alleviating the cisplatin/radiotherapy-induced biochemical and histological changes. Conclusion: According to the findings, it was shown that melatonin co-treatment alleviates the ototoxic damage induced by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Mechanically, melatonin may exert its otoprotective effects via its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities and other mechanisms.

The optical properties of CdZnS nanofilms are studied in this paper in relation to the deposition time. Deposition times ranged from 15 to 60 minutes for the CdZnS thin films, which had been developed on surface of glassy substrates. The other factors, such as reactant concentration, solution pH, and bath temperature, were held constant throughout the deposition process. The films were annealed at 200 °C for 120 minutes in a thermal furnace after the deposition process. Measurements of absorbance, transmission spectrum, and direct and indirect energy gaps were made using UV-VIS spectrophotometers. Transmittance in the 400-1000 nm range was 70-90 percent for all of the prepared films. With a wavelength of 600 nm and higher, transmittance was around 90%. CdZnS films have bandgap energies ranging from 2.4–2.15 eV for direct transitions and from 2.1–1.97 eV for indirect band gaps.

Background: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression and amplification have been considered as a therapeutic and prognostic target in a quantity of tumors although conflicting data exist about the incidence and clinical consequence of HER2/neu status in the patients. The growth risk of bladder cancer is age dependent. In general, adolescent and young adults tend to develop well differentiated non-invasive, rather than invasive bladder cancer. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the Immunohistochemical study of HER-2/NEU Expression in urothelial bladder carcinoma and its correction with histopathological Grade. Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Patients with paraffin blocks of urinary bladder tissue which were histologically diagnosed as urothelial carcinoma at the Department of Pathology, BIRDEM and other private laboratories were included in our study during the period of January 2016 to December 2018. Results: This study shows that, a total of 56 histologically diagnosed cases of urothelial carcinoma were included. There were 34 cases (60.7%) of high grade and 22 cases (39.3%) of low-grade urothelial carcinomas. The age of the patient ranged from 23 years to 98 years (mean 66.34±15.3 years). Majority of patients (50.98 %) belonged to 61 to 80 years age group. High grade tumors were predominantly seen at an older age. There were 42 males (75.0%) and 14 females (25.0 %) with a male to female ratio of 3:1. Conclusions: Significant correlation in expression of HER-2/Neu was found with grading of urothelial carcinoma. A positive HER-2 status is associated with aggressive urothelial carcinoma and provides independent prognostic information for urothelial carcinoma recurrence and mortality.

We introduce and study a subclass of meromorphic univalent functions with positive coefficients defined by a novel operator and obtain coefficient estimates, closure theorems, convolution properties, partial sums, and δ- neighborhood for the class .

We obtain the coefficient estimates, extreme points, distortion and growth boundaries, radii of starlikeness, convexity, and close-to-convexity, according to the main purpose of this paper.

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, refers to a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Patients with COPD are at increased risk of developing heart disease, lung cancer and a variety of other conditions. Although COPD is mostly a chronic disease, a substantial number of patients experience exacerbations that are related to a significantly worse survival result, especially with abnormal serum electrolyte level. Objectives: The aim of this study is to assess the Serum Electrolytes and Oxygen saturation in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Methods: This is an observational study. The study was carried out in the admitted patient’s Department of Medicine, Netrokona Medical College and hospital, Bangladesh. The duration of the study from October 2019 to March 2021. Results: This study shows that the according to age of 120 Patients aged 40 to 69 years. Here according to Age distribution, 6(5%) were

The purpose of this work is to present a class of harmonic univalent functions defined by the Dziok-Srivastava operator. Some geometric properties like coefficients conditions, distortion theorem, convolution (Hadamard product), convex combination and extreme points are investigated. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45, 30C50

The risk of chronic liver disease is higher in patient with type 2 diabetes than general population. Raised serum transaminases levels are a sensitive indicator of liver cell injury. This study was performed to estimate the prevalence of elevated serum transaminases levels in type-2 diabetic patients and to identify the associated risk factors. In this cross-sectional type of analytic study, ninety-three purposively selected type-2 diabetic patients and equal number of healthy subjects were studied. Subjects who were taking hepatotoxic drugs and known to have any liver disease were excluded. Demographic data and anthropometric measurements were recorded from all participants. Liver function tests, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile and ultrasonography of the HBS were performed. Raised levels of serum ALT, AST and ALP were found in 22.6%, 14.0% and 4.3% diabetic patients and in 4.3%, 3.2% and 3.2% healthy control. Mean serum ALT, AST and ALP levels were significantly higher in cases than controls (p < 0.05). Significant positive correlation observed between serum ALT level with fasting blood sugar, BMI and waist circumference but significant negative correlation observed between ALT level and age of the patient and duration of the diabetes. Study results were in accordance with previously reported high prevalence rates of abnormal liver enzymes in type-2 diabetic patients. Early detection of liver enzyme abnormality and intervention will help to prevent further progression to chronic liver disease. Screening of type-2 diabetic patients with serum ALT and AST is recommended.

Waipare adalah salah satu daerah di kabupaten Sikka yang berada pada kecamatan Kangae, Kabupaten Sikka Nusa Tenggara Timur. Kondisi geografis yang terletak dipesisir Laut Flores menjadikan masyarakat Waipare memahami kebudayaan setempat yang berkaitan dengan profesinya sebagai nelayan. Meskipun demikian kebudayaan yang ada belum terdapat hubungan dengan keilmuwan khususnya Astronomi. Tujuan pengabdian adalah melakukan edukasi pembelajaran Astronomi dengan pendekatan kebudayaan di masyarakat Waipare. Metode yang dilakukan adalah dengan memberikan edukasi melalui kegiatan workshop pembuatan alat peraga NASE dan pengamatan langit malam menggunakan aplikasi Stellarium. Sasaran pengabdian ini adalah anak-anak SD dan SMP. Hasil dan dampak pengabdian yang telah diberikan adalah terbentuk pemahaman terkait ilmu Astronomi, mampu membaca rasi bintang dengan melihat pola rangkaian bintang yang ada di langit, dan mampu menggunakan aplikasi Stellarium.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Lokasi Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen Pembelian Telur Ayam Di Peternakan UD Sang Surya Ayami. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Peternakan UD Sang Surya Ayami Desa Kobasoma, Kecamatan Titehena Kabupaten Flores Timur tahun 2022. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah kosumen UD Sang Surya Ayami dengan sampel sebanyak 96 responden dengan menggunakan teknik random sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji lineraitas, uji heterokedastisitas, uji resgresi linear sederhana, uji hipotesis, dan uji koefisien determinasi. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan regresi linear dibantu dengan SPSS V.25 diperoleh ( Kepuasan Konsumen) atau Y= 23,316 + (0,316) Lokasi (X). Hasil pengujian hipotesis didapat thitung > ttabel (2,550 > 1,985), maka hipotesa alternatif diterima yakni terdapat pengaruh lokasi terhadap kepuasan konsumen pembelian telur ayam di peternakan UD Sang Surya Ayami. Berdasarkan hasil uji koefisien determinasi R. Square sebesar 0,165 maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh variabel lokasi terhadap variabel kepuasan konsumen sebesar 16,5% dan selebihnya 83,5 dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotic supplementation of Lactobacillus helveticus on growth, digestive enzymes, and hematological, biochemical, immune, and antioxidant parameters, as well as intestinal microbiota of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish (35.46 ± 0.9 g) were fed with different levels of dietary L. helveticus: control, 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, and 1×109 at high stocking density (80 Kg m−3) for 60 days. Results indicated that growth performance significantly improved in probiotic supplemented fish (P < 0.05). Digestive enzyme parameters revealed that supplementation could significantly increase amylase, protease, and lipase (P < 0.05). The treated groups showed significant improvements in serum immune parametersincluding lysozyme (LYZ), alternative complement (ACH50), respiratory burst activity (RBA), and myeloperoxidase (MPO) (P < 0.05). Total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), and globulin (GLO) increased in fish fed experimental diets (P < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was significantly lower in fish fed dietary additives (P < 0.05) while white blood cells (WBC), lymphocytes, neutrophils, hematocrit (Hct), red blood cells (RBC) were significantly enhanced (P < 0.05). Fish fed with supplemented diets showed significantly enhanced antioxidant status, catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in fish fed dietary additives (P < 0.05). Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the treatment groups was significantly increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of L. helveticus reduced detrimental effects of high stocking density on growth performance and immune response. It appears that L. helveticus can be recommended as a beneficial probiotic feed additive for rainbow trout.

Purpose: Ototoxicity is one of the major adverse effects of cisplatin therapy which restrict its clinical application. Alpha-lipoic acid administration may mitigate cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. In the present study, we reviewed the protective potentials of alpha-lipoic acid against the cisplatin-mediated ototoxic adverse effects. Methods: Based on the PRISMA guideline, we performed a systematic search for the identification of all relevant studies in various electronic databases up to June 2022. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the obtained articles (n=59) were screened and 13 eligible articles were finally included in the present study. Results: The findings of in-vitro experiments showed that cisplatin treatment significantly reduced the auditory cell viability in comparison with the control group; nevertheless, the alpha-lipoic acid co-administration protected the cells against the reduction of cell viability induced by cisplatin treatment. Moreover, the in-vivo results of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) tests revealed a decrease in DPOAE and an increase in ABR threshold of cisplatin-injected animals; however, it was shown that alpha-lipoic acid co-treatment had an opposite pattern on the evaluated parameters. Other findings demonstrated that cisplatin treatment could significantly induce the biochemical and histopathological alterations in inner ear cells/tissue; in contrast, alpha-lipoic acid co-treatment ameliorated the cisplatin-mediated biochemical and histological changes. Conclusion: The findings of audiometry, biochemical parameters, and histological evaluation showed that alpha-lipoic acid co-administration alleviates the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. The protective role of alpha-lipoic acid against the cisplatin-induced ototoxicity can be due to different mechanisms of anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory activities, and regulation of cell cycle progression.

The conclusion of international treaties in Islamic Sharia and international law is not valid unless it is concluded by the authority or its representative. However, the existence of liberation movements is an essential factor in some countries to demand the rights of people, represent their interests and defend them internally and externally. The researcher used Comparative Descriptive and Analytical Method to show the eligibility of the liberation movements to conclude international treaties and represent people in Islamic Sharia and international law.

In the present paper, the authors introduce and investigates two new subclasses and, of the class k-fold bi-univalent functions in the open unit disk. The initial coefficients for all of the functions that belong to them were determined, as well as the coefficients for functions that belong to a field determining these coefficients requires a complicated process. The bounds for the initial coefficients and are contained among the remaining results in our analysis are obtained. In addition, some specific special improver results for the related classes are provided.

In this paper , certain subclass of harmonic multivalent function defined in the exterior of the unit disk by used generalize hypergeometric functions is introduced . In This study an attempting have been made to investigate several geometric properties such as coefficient property , growth bounds , extreme points , convolution property , and convex linear combination .

Objectives: Divine golden ratio (Phi = 1.618) observed in several human body parts such as, heart, dentition and upper limb tends to present homeostasis in anatomy and physiology. This cross sectional survey study investigates the relationship of golden ratio with BMI, GPA, gender and blood serotypes in Jordan. Methods: Demographic features including GPA, body weight, lengths of some body parts and ABO/Rh blood groups were measured for 380 undergraduate students of matched age (19.14±0.76) and matched sex ratio. Navel-Foot/Height, Forearm-Hand/Armpit-hand and BMI were calculated. Golden ratio fitness was calculated based on phi and standard deviation of collected data. Results showed significant gender differences in the means for all body lengths measured, GPA, BMI, and calculated ratios. Golden ratio fitted bodies students were 40.5% (Females > males). The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity was 15% (females < males), while 80% (females > males) have normal weight. Among the overweight and obese students 77.2% (44/57, females less than males) lies outside the golden ratio. The overall prevalence of GPA grades above good were 51.3% (females > males) and among them 47.7% (93/195, females > males) fit golden ratio while 67.2% of the good or below GPA grades (121/180, females < males) did not fit golden ratio. No significant difference between ABO-Rh system related to gender or golden ratio fitness. Statistically, a significant association was found between golden ratio and the three parameters BMI, GPA and gender. Conclusions: Students who are golden ratio fitted bodies were more likely to have better BMI and GPA especially females.

This research aims to prepare a nanocolloidal solution of gold and gold capped with PVA by chemical reduction method by sodium tri-citrate as a reducing agent and using gold chloride as a source of gold ions in aqueous solution at room temperature (RT). The prepared materials were diagnosed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the elemental composition analysis by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), as well as the X-ray diffraction (XRD). The obtained results showed that the shape of the prepared particles is spherical with enhanced diameters close to 10 nanometers and with good scattering.

Recent use of ion currents as a sensing strategy in the mechanized oxyfuel cutting process motivated a series of studies which revealed that the steel work piece contributes secondary ions in addition to the primary ions classically identified in the oxyfuel flame. In this work, we present a computational model that has linked carbon-related chemi-ions as a source of secondary ions in preheating stage of oxyfuel cutting process subject to electric bias voltages. The flames' response to the electric field at different positive and negative polarities manifested a better understanding of the physical behavior of current-voltage (i-v) relationship. While copper surface exhibits stable and repeatable i-v characteristics, sporadically enhanced current was observed in positive saturation regime for steel surface, and this is believed to be due to the presence of secondary chemi-ions. To this extent, a source term of gaseous carbon has been assigned to mimic the ‘work surface’ reactions. The hypothesis is that since carbon is an important element, it will be diffusing out of the steel surface and evaporate into the flame.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the structure, morphology and optical properties of a newly developed hybrid structure that was generated from a Fe2O3–Cu–PVA composite matrix. Several methods, such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), as well as absorption and transmission spectra, were used to investigate the samples. The addition of copper was found to have no influence on the crystalline arrangement of PVA–Fe2O3, according to the findings of crystallography. In the wavelength region from 450[Formula: see text]nm to 550 nm, the produced composites exhibit significant absorption. It is essential that the region of shorter wavelengths experiences a steady shift toward the region of maximum absorption in these composites when copper is included. The transmittance of PVA–Fe2O3 is over 80% in the region of 600–800[Formula: see text]nm, making it an extremely transparent material. Following the addition of 5% by weight of copper to the nanocomposite, the transmittance of the material dropped to 50% within the same range of wavelengths. The synthesized materials were put to use as anti-cancer cells, and they demonstrated a high level of effectiveness in the process of killing tumor cells, particularly the PVA–Fe2O3–Cu combination.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) infect, multiply, and finally remove tumor cells selectively, causing no damage to normal cells in the process. Because of their specific features, such as, the ability to induce immunogenic cell death and to contain curative transgenes in their genomes, OVs have attracted attention as candidates to be utilized in cooperation with immunotherapies for cancer treatment. This treatment takes advantage of most tumor cells' inherent tendency to be infected by certain OVs and both innate and adaptive immune responses are elicited by OV infection and oncolysis. OVs can also modulate tumor microenvironment and boost anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are gathering interest as promising anti-cancer treatments with the ability to address a wide range of cancers. MSCs exhibit tumor-trophic migration characteristics, allowing them to be used as delivery vehicles for successful, targeted treatment of isolated tumors and metastatic malignancies. Preclinical and clinical research were reviewed in this study to discuss using MSC-released OVs as a novel method for the treatment of cancer.

The scientific development and economic advances have led to the identification of many pathogenic agents in hospital effluents. Hospital wastewaters are qualitatively similar to municipal wastewaters, with the difference that these wastewaters contain toxic and infectious substances and compounds that can be dangerous for the health of the environment, employees of these centers, and the entire community. Therefore, in the last few years, it has been emphasized that all hospitals and medical and health centers should have a treatment facility for their produced wastewater so that the health of the society and people is not threatened. An issue that is not paid attention to has become one of the environmental problems and concerns of the world today. The present study focused on the investigate hospital wastewater treatment methods and its impact on human health and the environment. In this narrative study, the first literature search was performed with four hundred and twenty-three articles were retrieved based on PubMed, Elsevier, Web of science, Spring, and Google Scholar databases. The results of this study showed that wastewater from hospitals and medical centers can play a significant impress in polluting soil and aquatic environments and spreading infectious diseases. According to the mentioned contents, collection and treatment of hospital wastewater is essential. In addition, if hospital wastewater enters the wastewater collection network without knowing its characteristics or with incomplete treatment and finally enters the municipal wastewater treatment plant. It causes many problems, including disturbing the balance of the biological system of the treatment plant. Purification and disposal of hospital wastewater is considered a vital action based on environmental standards. The results of this study also showed that the treatment methods of this type of hospital wastewater can play a significant role in reducing the spread of diseases caused by hospital wastewater treatment, including infectious diseases. The results of this study can be very useful for politicians, the managers of the Ministry of Energy and Health and the Environmental Organization in choosing the appropriate methods and process to reduce hospital wastewater and increase the efficiency of hospital wastewater treatment plants.

The photocatalytic degradation of Cibacron Brilliant Yellow 3G-P (CB) dye in aqueous solution using ZnO, CuO, Au–ZnO, Cu-ZnO, and Au–CuO–ZnO nanomaterials produced using Acacia dealbata leaf extract is described in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission- scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopic studies (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), element analysis EDX, and diffuse reflectance UV-visible spectroscopy were used to characterize the structural, chemical, morphological, topological, and optical properties of as- synthesized nanomaterials, The characterization research validated the successful synthesis route and demonstrated the effective dispersion of Au and CuO over the ZnO surface. Furthermore, the XRD patterns were discovered to conform to the hexagonal structure of ZnO wurtzite. In addition, A hybrid Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite's compositional characterization was explored using EDX-mapping, which proved the efficient distribution of Zn, Cu, O, and Au in the hybrid composite. The roughness of the produced nanostructures was confirmed by topological analysis. With the doping of Au and CuO NPs, the absorption threshold edge of ZnO was moved from the UV to the visible area, according to the optical investigation. Under visible light irradiation, photocatalytic (CB) dye degradation studies demonstrated that the Au–CuO–ZnO nanocomposite is more efficient than pure ZnO at degrading the dye. After 50 minutes After 45 minutes of illumination under ideal circumstances of 1.0 g/L photocatalyst, 10 ppm (CB) dye, and pH 10, photodegradation efficiency of up to 99 percent was achieved. Photogenerated holes and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the increased photodegradation efficiency of Au–CuO–ZnO, according to the reactive species investigation. The Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite displayed high potential stability and recyclability, with 78.6 percent photoactivity remaining after five cycles, according to the recycling data. and study the effect of Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite on bacteria of coli Escherichia and Staphylococcus aureus, where these bacteria were used as a representative of the cream negative bacteria and the positive bacteria respectively. The results showed the rate of success (Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite) in eliminating and destroying these bacteria and this is possible by using the nanoscale solution to sterilize and eliminate bacteria. By assessing cytotoxicity, it was demonstrated that Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite can both kill and stop the proliferation of cancer cells. When compared to cancer cells not treated with the chemical, the Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite shown very deadly efficiency against cancer cells by preventing their development and reproduction. One of the most crucial techniques for identifying inhibition in living cells is the procedure of determining the toxicity of the synthesized chemicals. Au-CuO-ZnO nanocomposite had a biological activity with an IC50 of 35.33 g/ml.

The pressures of daily life result in a proliferation of terms such as stress, anxiety, and mood swings. These feelings may be developed to depression and more complicated mental problems. Unfortunately, the mood and emotional changes are difficult to notice and considered a disease that must be treated until late. The late diagnosis appears in suicidal intensions and harmful behaviors. In this work, main human observable facial behaviors are detected and classified by a model that has developed to assess a person’s mental health. Haar feature-based cascade is used to extract the features from the detected faces from FER+ dataset. VGG model classifies if the user is normal or abnormal. Then in the case of abnormal, the model predicts if he has depression, anxiety, or other disorder according to the detected facial expression. The required assistance and support can be provided in a timely manner with this prediction. The system has achieved a 95% of overall prediction accuracy.

INTRODUCTION Addressing occupational injury and disease has been declared a national priority in Bangladesh. However critical gaps remain in improving work safety in small-scale peri-urban factories. We aimed to assess the feasibility of collaborating with owners and workers to design and implement interventions to improve work safety in two metal factories in Kamrangirchar, Dhaka. METHODS We implemented a participatory mixed methods before-and-after study with four phases. Phase 1 explored the dynamics of injuries, hazards, and risks using hazard assessments, surveillance, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions. Triangulation of phase 1 findings informed design and implementation of intervention packages implemented in phase 2. In phases 3 and 4, we repeated hazard assessments and used qualitative methods to document changes in hazards and perspectives at 6- and 12-months post-intervention. Observations captured by field notes complemented data generated throughout the study. ETHICS The study was approved by the MSF Ethical Review Board (ERB) and by the ERB of the Centre for Injury Prevention and Research, Bangladesh. RESULTS Overall 136 workers in two factories (A and B) participated in the study (with a turnover of 41.5%). Surveillance captured 129 injuries during phase 1 (from 10th March 2019 in factory A and 30th April 2019 in factory B, to 31st July 2019), and all workers aged under 18 years experienced incidents. Hazard assessments documented hazard risk scores (HRS) of 54% in factory A and 36% in factory B. Qualitative data indicated workers perceived their work as risky, but explained it was prioritised over their health due to financial necessity. Phase 2 intervention packages included engineering controls, personal protective equipment, infrastructure safety and training. Factory owners and workers actively participated in design and implementation. Phase 3 showed a two-fold reduction in HRS in factory A (24%) and a 1.5-fold reduction (21%) in factory B. Phase 4 hazard assessment revealed that improvement was sustained in one factory; the final HRS was 27% in factory A, but returned to the pre-intervention score of 36% in factory B. Workers explained they observed improvements in workplace safety but noted challenges in sustainability due to owner commitment and worker turnover. Observation and qualitative data revealed complex power dynamics in the factories, as well as power imbalances and risks faced by female and young workers. CONCLUSION It was feasible to collaborate with workers and owners to implement interventions aimed at improving work safety. However, sustainability was mixed, and long-standing structural inequities that contribute to poor safety remain. Findings indicate urgent action is needed to improve safety and build an inclusive model of occupational health, including social and protection components, with particular attention for female workers and workers aged under 18. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared

This paper will give an overview of industrial control system security, with a threat picture drawn from the aerospace and aviation industries. The incident is linked to APT 33 and APT 41, both of which will be discussed in this study. We'll compare the current framework to ISA and ISO standards, as well as provide a fast review of threat actors, attack surface, current risk, and vulnerabilities. We'll go over numerous occurrences in detail, along with the APT groups that correspond to them, to show our point of view. Before providing a recommendation, the ISA examines theoretical protection and mitigation methods.

Computer software, known as "malware," damages user data, computer systems, or business computer networks. Fileless malware is the latest upgradation within the malware taxonomy that cannot be detected using traditional antivirus or antimalware. Because of the attributes of this attack vector, fileless malware is popular among cybercriminals. The fileless malware carrier is the Microsoft Office document, a popular computer program worldwide. Cybercriminals use simple documents as fileless malware carriers and outbreak the target machine, which is a part of the cyber campaign. Non-technical users did not even know a simple document file could be a part of a massive cyberattack. This research paper demonstrates a proof of concept that can detect macro-enabled Microsoft Office documents that act as fileless malware with PowerShell script. The study proposed an artefact for malware detection and suspended the system to protect them from fileless malware. The artefact uses the logic of behavioural analysis to detect malicious activity and take action to isolate the infected systems from the rest of the network. The systems administrator was informed by a notification directed to perform memory forensics later. The tool was also tested with 35 fileless malware document samples and successfully detected fileless malware in less than five seconds. The proposed method demonstrates that this is a sustainable protection mechanism without using machine learning or an expensive solution.

One of the most imperative cyber threats to the global cyber world - Ransomware. It’s developed spectacle and stressful threat starting from individual to corporate world including government organization. Ransomware not only physically disrupted the service but makes huge penalizes financially if the user wants the service restored. As a result, the attackers gain millions of profits easily which leads to a similar attack popular in the cyber underworld. Within this review, the author expresses details about ransomware and related work to understand the current threat, critical analysis of the case study and proposes a roadmap for future cyber security within this domain acquaintance with CyBOK.

The purpose of this study is to formulate a model of the ma'danaka cultural identity of the Bajau tribe in the midst of the heterogeneity of cross-cultural communication. The activity of preserving culture as a system has various interrelated elements with parts of the life system in the community. Culture as an embryo that emerges from society. Culture is born into a society where all human actions are culture. Preserving culture besides having an ideological content is a step to strengthen culture, history and identity. The cross-cultural communication that exists between the Bajau and immigrant tribes is one of the diversity that exists in Bontang Kuala. The Bajau tribe, which is known as a sea tribe, is able to carry out good social interactions with various immigrant tribes. In this study, the main theory used is the theory of social interaction, social change, and social behavior. Meanwhile, the supporting theories are the theory of social change, social structure theory, conflict theory, and functional structure theory. Meanwhile, the method of this research is qualitative analysis using data analysis techniques of Milles and Hubeman involving 7 informants to obtain the data. The results of this study include: a) social interaction is built on heterogeneity and differences in customary values, social behavior created by collaborating the behavior of land and sea and the entry of Islam changes patterns of social interaction and forms new social behavior. b) Two-way communication patterns are carried out for cultural exchange and acceptance. Tejasi changes in the living traditions, livelihood, language of discussion and dominant rituals of the Bajau tribe. As well as intercultural communication can determine, maintain, develop culture so that it can be passed on to the next generation. c) Behavioral tendencies in interpreting customary values: behavior that adopts the basic values ??of the Bajau tribe such as respecting the sea. brotherhood values, sharing goods and changing goods Positive and negative impacts. Positive impacts: strengthening values, strengthening tribal existence, increasing tolerance, and integrating socio-cultural values. Negative impacts: rejection of values, ethnic disintegration, message distortion, horizontal conflict. Ma'danaka in social interaction contributes positively and contributes to the order and peace of the life of the Bajau and other tribes.

Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press. A renewable energy source, especially solar energy, is one of the best alternatives for power generation in rural areas. Organic Rankine cycle (ORC) can be powered by a low-grade energy source, suitable for small-scale power production in rural areas. This study investigates the combined power generation and cooling system using the combination of ORC and vapor compression cycle (VCC), where ORC is powered by a parabolic trough solar collector. Thermodynamic and economic simulation of the system is conducted for four different working fluids, which are R245fa, R114, R600 and R142b. It can be concluded that the thermal efficiency of the power plant increases by using the combined ORC-VCC system. The effect of thermodynamic parameters such as turbine inlet temperature and pressure on the system performance is also discussed, and the optimal design values are provided. The results show that the power plant uses R245fa as the minimum exergy destruction rate. The study indicates that R114 gives minimum cost function (PCEU) for 137°C turbine inlet temperature while the minimum PCEU for R142b is obtained at a turbine inlet pressure of 2500 kPa. Finally, the study indicates that the inlet pressure of the turbine has a significant impact on the system cost and thermal efficiency.