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The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia is running a program to eliminate Tuberculosis (TB) by 2030. At the Primary Health Care level, AFB (acid-fast bacteria) examination confirms the TB diagnosis. In this process, the patient's sputum is prepared in the form of preparation and observed by the laboratory analyst through the lens of a microscope. The reporting process to establish this diagnosis requires calculating the number of TB bacteria in 100 fields of view per preparation. This manual microscopic observation process is tedious, and the reading results are subjective. This study offers an integrated design for automatic microscopic imaging with a computer-integrated TB bacteria detection system. The process of taking pictures is automatically obtained with the help of a driving motor added to the microscope. With the addition of this motor, the process of taking microscopic images for 100 fields of view takes ±450 seconds. The proposed system integration process can reduce laboratory analysts' work fatigue in conducting microscopic observations manually. The TB bacteria detection system utilizes the working principle of image processing techniques by combining color-deconvolution, segmentation, and contour-detection methods. The comparative value of the TB object detection system with experts resulted in a sensitivity value of 77% and a specificity value of 68%. However, the low detection rate is because the image obtained is still blurry. Thus, further investigation is needed to determine the driving motor's movement rate and the right timing for taking microscopic images so that the resulting image is not blurry. The final result that is the focus of this paper is the successful integration of the system carried out between the motor drive system on the preparation stand and the TB bacteria detection system to become a unified system.

Banyaknya teknologi kesehatan yang tersedia saat ini, menyebabkan adanya kebutuhan terkait penilaian pada berbagai aspek. Penilaian tersebut biasa disebut dengan Health Technology Assessment (HTA). HTA adalah evaluasi secara sistematis, efek, dan/atau dampak dari teknologi kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembuat kebijakan yang berhubungan dengan teknologi kesehatan, dengan demikian dapat meminimalkan biaya dan mencegah penggunaan teknologi yang diragukan. HTA telah banyak digunakan dalam melakukan penilaian terhadap teknologi kesehatan. Teknologi kesehatan yang dimaksud dapat berupa obat-obatan, terapi, prosedur tindakan medis, maupun alat kesehatan. Proses dan metodologi HTA untuk obat-obatan telah banyak dilakukan sedangkan untuk alat kesehatan masih jarang. Dari beberapa literatur review yang dilakukan sebelumnya, penggunaan kriteria HTA berbeda-beda meskipun objeknya alat kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai kriteria apa saja yang sering digunakan pada HTA untuk alat kesehatan medis. Metode penelitian scoping review pada publikasi HTA sebelumnya (n=392) dilakukan untuk membahas tujuan tersebut dengan menggunakan database Pubmed dan Science Direct. Berdasarkan hasil pencarian literatur dengan menggunakan PRISMA, didapatkan 7 artikel sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi yang berhubungan dengan HTA untuk alat kesehatan dengan subjek yang berbeda, yaitu: alat kesehatan dan HTA berbasis rumah sakit. Kesimpulan dari hasil temuan tersebut, diketahui bahwa kriteria yang sering digunakan dalam HTA untuk alat kesehatan yaitu, ekonomi, keamanan, efektivitas, dan organisasi. Saran penelitian ini adalah hasil kriteria yang didapatkan divalidasi terlebih dahulu oleh ahlinya atau stakeholder.

Information technology provides a lot of convenience for humans in completing their tasks and getting results according to targets. In line with that, language teachers have a duty to find out the level of language skills and forms of language errors in students. Machine Learning as part of technology can be maximized to detect forms of Arabic speaking error in students. This study was conducted with a qualitative approach. Data were collected via SIAKAD machine learning containing Arabic videos. Based on the results, the SIAKAD machine learning uncovered several Arabic speaking errors such as grammar, pronunciation, shifat al-huruf, vowels, word expression, and concatenated sentences. Therefore, machine learning with various types can be maximized in Arabic learning which ultimately leads to technological developments that must be accompanied by the ability of teachers to be skilled in operationalizing technology. Keywords: Arabic Language Education; Machine Learning; Speaking Errors

Dewasa ini, penggunaan teknologi game dalam domain pembelajaran bagi anak dengan Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) mulai banyak bermunculan. Banyak penelitian dilakukan untuk membuktikan efektivitas penggunaan teknologi game dalam proses pembelajaran bagi anak dengan ADHD. Makalah ini melaporkan tinjauan literatur sistematis yang ditujukan untuk memetakan penggunaan teknologi game di bidang pembelajaran bagi anak dengan ADHD dan mengidentifikasi peta jalan penelitian di masa depan. Berdasarkan hasil eksplorasi terhadap literatur, yang didapatkan dengan kriteria inklusi yang digunakan, terpilih tiga puluh studi utama. Analisis yang dilakukan terhadap tiga puluh studi utama mengungkapkan pemetaan terhadap tujuan teknologi game, genre teknologi game, platform teknologi game, dan pengujian teknologi game. Hasil dari tinjauan literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan teknologi game untuk meningkatkan atensi pada anak dengan ADHD terbukti relevan serta dapat menjadi pilihan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan kemampuan fokus dan membantu proses belajar anak dengan ADHD. Tinjauan literatur ini juga mengidentifikasi tiga peta jalan penelitian di masa depan, yaitu lebih memperhatikan permasalahan gangguan mental penyerta ADHD lainnya sebagai tujuan penelitian di masa depan; lebih memperhatikan variasi latar belakang responden yang terlibat dalam proses desain game pembelajaran; serta penggunaan platform lain sebagai media pembelajaran di masa depan.

Arabic learning experiences continuous development along with developments in linguistics, education, and the current development of the times. Arabic learning that, used to use the classical model, is now starting to transform into a digital learning model. The study in this article aims to describe the Arabic learning model and the Digital model. This is a literature study, where the data sources are obtained from various relevant literature such as books, journals and scientific articles related to the theme. The study's results stated that the classical Arabic learning model used the qowa'id wa tarjamah, bandongan and sorogan methods. The digital Arabic learning model uses several learning applications, including Google search, Google Classroom, Zoom meetings and access to several online Arabic learning sites.

ODHA adalah sebutan bagi orang-orang yang telah terjangkit penyakit HIV/AIDS. Agar para ODHA tetap dapat dalam kondisi baik, dibutuhkan obat yang secara resmi direkomendasikan oleh pemerintah yaitu berupa terapi antiretroviral (ART). Dalam menjalankan terapi ARV harus meminum obat dengan disiplin ketat dan terus menerus seumur hidup ODHA untuk menghambat replikasi virus HIV, namun dalam kenyataanya banyak ODHA yang tidak mendapatkan hasil yang optimal dalam menjalankan terapi tersebut, karena kurangnya tingkat kepatuhan pasien dalam mengkonsumsi obat ARV dan juga tidak termonitoring dengan baik oleh para pendamping. Untuk itu dipandang perlu untuk merancang desain prototipe sistem monitoring minum obat bagi ODHA sebagai solusi masalah tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan studi pustaka, review aplikasi sejenis dan wawancara dengan petugas klinik pengobatan HIV/AIDS, Orang dengan HIV/AIDS (ODHA) dan Pendamping ODHA. Sistem ini dikembangkan dengan metode Participatory Design yaitu Teknik Design dengan melibatkan users. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa desain prototipe sistem monitoring minum obat bagi ODHA. Desain prototipe yang dihasilkan kemudian di uji menggunakan metode Questionnaire for User Interface Satisfaction (QUIS). Hasil pengujian dengan indikator penilaian keseluruhan sistem menunjukan nilai 72%, penilaian tampilan layar menunjukkan 77%, penilaian istilah dan informasi menunjukan 66%, penilaian mempelajari sistem mununjukan 80% dan perhitungan persentase indikator pengujian untuk penilaian kemampuan sistem 76%. Sehingga dilihat dari persentase hasil pengujian desain prototipe menunjukan sangat baik.

Teaching and learning process using mobile application becomes one of alternative tools to substitute face-to-face learning during Pandemic Covid-19. The lecture process during the period has been experienced since March 2020 until the end of the even semester of the academic year 2019/2020. There were various obstacles felt by lecturers and students in the courses. Under normal conditions, learning Arabic as a foreign language is still faced with various problems. Since, there are no specific studies in this issues that have been conducted by experts for Indonesian context, we are interested to identify the perception of students and lecturers on the quality of Arabic teaching and learning process. This research uses qualitative method where the sources of data are students and lecturers of Arabic language education study program Faculty of Islamic Studies, Muhammadiyah University of West Sumatra. The data collection taken from interview by phone. The finding showed that the students and lecturers' perceptions of the quality of the online learning process are negative. Then, students’ and lecturers' perceptions of the quality of online Arabic learning outcomes are negative.

This paper examined the narrative structure, language style, and chronology of Aşḥāb Al-Kahfi story in Al-Qur'an. The research data were obtained from Al-Qur'ān. The Qur’anic verses which told about Aşḥāb Al-Kahf were collected in Surah Al-Kahf (18) verses 9-26. The results showed that the narrative structure of this story consists of orientation I, sequence of events I, coda I, complication, orientation II, sequence of events II, orientation III, coda II, orientation IV, and resolution. These structures are interrelated and form a logical, holistic, and beautiful story unit that fulfil all elements of Mark Anderson’s and Kathryn Anderson’s narrative-structure concepts. Meanwhile, the dialogue style dominates in the presentation of stories that are in accordance with the journey of the Prophet’s da’wa. The dialogue style used in the presentation of the story is calm and acceptable. This style is intended to defend the call of the prophet's da'wa and refute people’s rejection in the middle Meccan period through the theme of monotheism value and the mention of Allah’s powers. This study contributes to putting the theory of stylistics and narratology in the reading of story verses. Hence, this paper suggests a further study of the story verse covering the narrative structure’s meaning and function as well as aspects of the beauty of pronunciation and story verse meanings.

This paper aims to trace the practice of polygamy by the prophet's companions (khulafa al-rasyidin). Polygamy is part of Islamic teachings engraved in the Alquran and practiced by the Prophet Muhammad as written in the history, besides that, the references of polygamy by Prophet Muhammad are very easy to find, those have been written and translated into various languages in the world while the manuscript that explains about polygamy practices of Khulafa al-Rasyidin is still lacking. This paper is carried out with a historical normative approach by tracing the classical books (turast), while the data comes from the primary data and secondary data. From various classic references, it was found that the practice of polygamy carried out by Abu Bakar and Umar bin Khathab, no history was found, however, in some narrations it is said that Umar bin Khathab and Abu Bakar had many wives, without explaining whether they were polygamous, divorced or caused by death. Unlike Ali bin Abi Thalib, for example, during his marriage to Fatimah he never practiced polygamy. Usman bin Affan married two daughters of the Prophet, the first wife named Ruqayyah binti Rasulullah, after Ruqayyah died Usman remarried Ummu Kaltsum binti Rasulullah, Usman never did polygamy while marrying the daughter of the Prophet. Although Ali bin Abi Talib and Usman bin Affan did not mix the daughters of the Prophet, but after they died Ali and Usman remarried many women. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menelusuri praktik poligami yang dilakukan oleh para sahabat nabi (khulafa al-rasyidin). Poligami merupakan bagian dari ajaran Islam yang terukir secara nyata dalam Alquran dan dipraktikkan oleh Nabi Muhammad saw sebagai mana yang ditorehkan dalam sejarah. Selain itu, sangat mudah ditemui referensi terkait praktik poligami nabi bahkan sudah ditulis dan diterjemahkan ke berbagai bahasa di dunia. Hal ini ternyata jauh berbeda dengan poligami yang di praktikkan oleh para sahabat nabi (khulafa al-rasyidin). Ini tentu menarik untuk dikaji karena sangat minimnya referensi terkait praktik poligami para sahabat nabi. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini adalah normative historis dengan menelusuri kitab-kitab klasik (turast), sementara data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Dari berbagai referensi yang penulis telusuri dalam kitab klasik, ditemukan bahwa praktik poligami yang dilakukan oleh Abu Bakar dan Umar bin Khathab, tidak ditemukan riwayat, hanya saja dalam beberapa riwayat dikisahkan bahwa Umar dan Abu Bakar mempunyai Istri yang banyak , tanpa menjelaskan apakah di poligami, dicerai atau ditinggal mati. Berbeda halnya dengan dua khalifah setelah mereka, Ali bin Abi Thalib misalnya, selama menikah dengan Fathimah tidak pernah melakukan praktik poligami. Begitu juga dengan Usman bin Affan yang menikahi dua putri Rasulullah, istri pertama bernama Ruqayyah binti Rasulullah, setelah Ruqayyah wafat Usman menikah lagi dengan Ummu Kaltsum binti Rasulullah, Usman tidak pernah melakukan poligami selama menikahi putri Rasulullah. Walaupun Ali bin Abi Thalib dan Usman bin Affan tidak memadu putri-putri Rasulullah, namun setelah mereka wafat Ali dan Usman menikah lagi dengan wanita lain dalam jumlah yang banyak.

People are increasingly turning to the internet for health-related information. It is very easy to perform or obtain health-related services or information on the internet using different types of devices. This study's goal is to assess public acceptance of the internet as a source of health information by combining the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) with the Health Belief Model (HBM). SEM techniques were used to analyze data collected from 324 respondents via online questionnaires. Two factors from the HBM model: self efficacy (SE) and cues to action (CA) were found as the strongest factors behind the acceptance of the internet as a source of health information. Two other factors from UTAUT model; Social Influence (SI) and Performance Expectancy (PE) also had significant effects, albeit not as strong, on the acceptance of internet media as a source of health information. This study's findings also point to the possibility of incorrect self-medication when excessive perceived self-efficacy (SE) is combined with symptoms as cues to action (CA) and social influence (SI) when looking up health information online

Adanya pandemi covid-19 dan banyaknya tools yang mendukung kemudahan dalam membangun aplikasi digital menyebabkan maraknya aplikasi layanan kesehatan digital secara online. Aplikasi sistem informasi monitoring kesehatan merupakan salah satu bagian layanan kesehatan yang sangat penting dan informasinya harus diketahui secara cepat dan tepat agar tindakan preventif dan pengobatan dapat dilakukan sedini mungkin. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang dilakukan mencoba untuk mengikutsertakan masyarakat (Kader Posyandu, Bidan Desa, Poskesdes dan PJ Lansia) untuk merancang antarmuka (tampilan) Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Monitoring Kesehatan Lansia berbasis Android di Desa Bimo Martani. Tujuan utama dari kegiatan ini adalah mengedukasi masyarakat untuk memanfaatkan aplikasi kesehatan bergerak dengan cara mengajak mereka untuk merancang tampilan yang akan digunakan. Kegiatan dilakukan melalui lima tahapan, yaitu: 1) Melakukan koordinasi dengan pengurus PKK dan Bidan Desa Bimo Martani untuk menggali situasi; 2) Melakukan survei untuk memotret kondisi awal pemakaian aplikasi; 3) Pengembangan prototipe awal; 4) Penjaringan masukan terkait evaluasi antarmuka aplikasi melalui FGD; dan 5) Penyempurnaan aplikasi. Hasil FGD memberikan masukan kepada tim bahwa aplikasi yang dibutuhkan memiliki antarmuka yang sederhana namun mencakup informasi penting tentang lansia, Indeks Massa Tubuh diberikan secara numerik sebagai keluaran dari formula penghitungan IMT, dan pemantauan terhadap kesehatan jiwa yang diukur dengan menggunakan Geriatric Depression Scale ditampilkan lengkah demi langkah. Secara umum 100% peserta akan menggunakan aplikasi ini dan diharapkan mampu melengkapi sistem yang sudah ada di Puskesmas.

Even compared to the same age, the growth of every child is way different. The parent has to do an assessment against their child so that they could understand about how and how much the child grows. One of assessment methods that could be used is a Denver Development Screening Test (DDST) or usually called Denver II. Denver II contains 4 sectors which tested against children, those: Social Personal, Soft Motoric, Language, and Hard Motoric. An assessment using the Denver II could be conducted not only in the clinic or hospital but also in patient home using a help from a psychologist or other health workers as a tester. A DDST application based on Android was designed to facilitate a tester doing an assessment out of the clinic or hospital. Data of an assessment managed over a decision support system that build alongside a DDST application. Application was constructed based on instrument of Denver II, which are question form and manual test. Application testing conducted in two ways: usability testing, which could show whether an application could run well as the need lists; and validation testing using Single Decision Threshold have sensitivity amount of 100%, specificity amount of 87.5% and value apps performance amount of 90%. Using Coefficient Cohen’s Kappa has an accuracy amount of 0.74 (Strong).

In order to obtain a diagnosis of cervical cancer information, the characteristics of each cell nucleus must be identified and evaluated properly through a Pap smear test. The presence of inflammatory cells in Pap smear images can complicate the process of identification of cell nuclei in the early detection of cervical cancer. Inflammatory cells need to be eliminated to assist pathologists in reading Pap smear slides. In this work, we developed a novel method to extract the inflammatory cells that allow detection of cell nuclei more accuracy. The proposed algorithm consists of two stages: extraction of inflammatory cells using the distance criterion and image transformation. This experiment applied to the 1358 cells comprising 378 nuclei cells and 980 inflammatory cells from 25 Pap smear images. The results showed that our method can significantly reduce the amount of inflammation that can disrupt the cell nuclei in the detection process. The proposed method has promising results with a sensitivity level of 97% and a specificity of 84.38%.

We evaluate the characteristic of the normal epithelial cervical cell in Pap Smear images, using feature analysis. The evaluation affects the determination of proper pap smear image determination. This study aims to analyze the performance of feature selection on data classification and discovering features which significantly affect the classification of the normal epithelial cervical cell. Feature selection process has been done to 54 features in the nuclei area and the cytoplasm of the cervical epithelial cell, using Feature Subset Selection. Furthermore, we compare the performance of two classification methods: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) and Backpropagation. Both methods resulting in the same 12 features to differentiate between normal cervical cells. The classification accuracies for both methods are 92.29% for KNN and 91.51% for Backpropagation.

This paper discusses a literature review on m-Health Technology in the context of cancer in women. Literature review was done based on several criteria, i.e. (1) Scientific journal published since 2015, (2) Consist of empirical data, (3) All of the respondents were primarily women, (3) Only specific discussion on cancer that occurs in women, (4) Application of m-Health technology, (5) Consist of how to use m-Health, and (6) Clear explanation about the effect of m-Health on the patient. There were 24 previous research papers related to the topic about the use of m-Health on women involved in this study. Furthermore, the selected papers were categorized into several topics, i.e.: targeted disease, type of m-Health Technology and previous m-Health Technology that used in cancer treatment. The result of this literature review is expected to provide new knowledge in the development of m-Health in cancer treatment in women and to become a reference to develop the m-Health technology to handle cancers in women.This paper discusses a literature review on m-Health Technology in the context of cancer in women. Literature review was done based on several criteria, i.e. (1) Scientific journal published since 2015, (2) Consist of empirical data, (3) All of the respondents were primarily women, (3) Only specific discussion on cancer that occurs in women, (4) Application of m-Health technology, (5) Consist of how to use m-Health, and (6) Clear explanation about the effect of m-Health on the patient. There were 24 previous research papers related to the topic about the use of m-Health on women involved in this study. Furthermore, the selected papers were categorized into several topics, i.e.: targeted disease, type of m-Health Technology and previous m-Health Technology that used in cancer treatment. The result of this literature review is expected to provide new knowledge in the development of m-Health in cancer treatment in women and to become a reference to develop the m-Health technology to handle cancers in women.

Kegiatan Posyandu merupakan salah satu upaya Pemerintah untuk memberikan layanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Kegiatan Posyandu dilakukan di Desa dan didukung sepenuhnya oleh para Kader Posyandu. Di Desa Bimomartani kegiatan Posyandu dilaksanakan dengan baik di 12 pedukuhan. Kegiatan Posyandu di sini belum didukung oleh fasilitas berbasis teknologi informasi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketrampilan Kader dalam menggunakan aplikasi teknologi informasi guna meningkatkan kualitas layanan kepada masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan implementasi Sistem Informasi Posyandu berbasis web dan Android di Desa Bimomartani. Aktivitas utama dari kegiatan ini adalah pelatihan kedua sistem tersebut ke para Kader dan Bidan Desa. Hasil pelatihan menujukkan bahwa terjadi kenaikan tingkat ketrampilan penggunaan aplikasi teknologi informasi terutama untuk sistem yang berbasis Android. Keseringan mereka menggunakan smartphoneini menyebabkan mereka terampil menggunakan smartphonedibanding menggunakan laptop, karena 92% kader adalah ibu rumah tangga. Pengalaman sebagai Kader Posyandu juga mempengaruhi kecepatan Kader dalam mengoperasikan Sistem Informasi Posyandu. Kader yang memiliki pengalaman lebih dari 5 tahun cenderung cepat tanggap dalam memberikan input data setiap item yang harus diisi. Berdasarkan masukan dari Kader dan Bidan, masih dibutuhkan benerapa fitur tambahan pada sistem ini. Hal ini dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan informasi untuk disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan informasi terbaru. Komitmen tim untuk terus mengembangkan sistem ini secara berkelanjutan sangat dibutuhkan seiring dengan semakin bertambahnya kebutuhan informasi kesehatan ibu, anak dan keluarga dari waktu ke waktu. Secara umum Sistem Informasi Posyandu membantu Kader dalam menyimpan data dan membuat laporan kesehatan ibu dan anak.

Makalah ini membahas mengenai proses desain, implementasi, dan evaluasi kerangka kerja permainan digital untuk alat bantu terapi kemampuan sosial anak autis. Anak autis memiliki karakter yang unik, sehingga mereka memiliki preferensi khusus. Desain kerangka kerja permainan digital untuk anak autis juga masih sangat terbatas. Proses desain kerangka kerja dihasilkan dari analisis komponen permainan digital komersial yang dimainkan oleh anak autis, penelitian yang membahas desain permainan digital untuk anak autis, serta konsultasi dengan pakar, psikolog, dan terapis. Kerangka kerja yang dihasilkan kemudian digunakan sebagai panduan untuk mengembangkan permainan digital multipemain. Sebagai bentuk proof of concept dari kerangka kerja yang dihasilkan, permainan digital multipemain ini telah mampu digunakan sebagai media terapi untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sosial pada anak autis, yaitu interaksi mata, inisiasi, dan interaksi timbal balik.

The easily transmitted Tuberculosis (TB) disease is attributed to the fact that Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria/viruses can be transmitted through the air. One of the methods to screen the TB disease is by reading sputum slides. Sputum slides are colored sputum samples of TB patients placed on microscopic slides. However, TB disease microscopic analysis has some limitations since it requires high accuracy reading and well-trained health personnel to avoid errors in the process of interpretation. Furthermore, the number of TB patients in the Primary Health Care (PHC) and the process of manual calculation of bacteria in a field of view often complicate the decision-making in the screening process conducted by the medical staffs. In this paper, the researchers propose the use of Watershed Transformation and Fuzzy C-Means combination to help solve the problem. The researchers collect the photo shooting of three PHC in Indonesia with 55 images of sputum from different TB patients. The assessed results of the proposed method are compared with the opinions of three Microbiology doctors. The comparison shows Cohen’s Kappa Coefficient value of 0.838. It suggests that the proposed method can detect Acid Resistant Bacteria (ARB) although it needs some improvement to achieve higher accuracy.

In this work, we propose a novel method for the automated detection of cervical ephitelial cell numbers in Pap smear images, which may contain overlapping nuclei and inflammatory cells. There are three main phases to detect the number of nuclei in this paper. First, the detection of the nuclei areas is based on a morphological image and segmentation of the nuclei boundaries. Second, the shape, the texture and the image intensity are extracted from the nuclei regions and selected with a feature selection scheme based on Feature Subset Selection with Backpropagation classifier for the elimination of false positive findings. At last, Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm applied on the resulted centroids in order to distinguish the nuclei of cells with inflammatory cells. We evaluated the results by comparing the pathologist rating with respect to the sensitivity and specificity rates. Our proposed methodology is promising with the sensitivity rate of 95% and specificity rate of 98%.

Nuclei segmentation of the epithelial cells of a Pap smear image is an important step in order to have correct morphometric measures. This task is non trivial due to the complexities of the Pap smear images. Our paper presents a novel method on nuclei segmentation using morphological operation and watershed transformation. The proposed segmentation method was evaluated with respect to its nuclei area and its shape-similarity in comparison to the pathologist truth. It showed that the segmentation results are promising and it can be used for further analysis such as cell quantification or abnormality cell detection.

Nuclei of the epithelial of Pap smear cells are important risk indicator of cervical cancers. Pathologist uses the changing of the area of the nuclei to determine whether cells are normal or abnormal. It means that having correct measurement of the area of nuclei is important on the pap smears assessment. Our paper present a novel approach to analyze the shape of nuclei in pap smear images and measuring the area of nuclei. We conducted a study to measure the area of nuclei automatically by calculating the number of pixels contained in each of the segmented nuclei. For comparison, we performed measurements of nuclei area using the ellipse area approximation. The result of the t-test confirmed that there were similarity between elliptical area approximation and automatic segmented nuclei-area at 0.5% level of significance.© (2012) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.