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Advances in personalized medicine are currently impacting improvement in the field of metabolic diseases and patient care. The current innovations in integrating nanotechnology and nanobiotechnology tools in pharmaceutical formulation development have proven the effectiveness of xenobiotics for the diagnosis, treatment, and cure of various metabolic diseases. The implementation of nanomedicines for the treatment of metabolic diseases has served the advantage of overcoming the limitation of bioavailability, selectivity and specificity, biological barriers, and toxicity. Simultaneously, the hybridization of drug molecules and nanomaterials builds promising effective tools for the same. While on the other hand, the development in omics sciences has further supported the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of various metabolic disease conditions. Therapy and analysis of metabolic diseases in asymptomatic patients can be facilitated whereas, harsh complications in diagnosis and disease progression can be avoided by the use of molecular metabolic and genetic biomarkers, biosensor miniatures, and transducers. Therefore, a combination of personalized medicine and nanotechnology gives rise and serves an ultimate goal of predicting, preventing, and treating metabolic diseases. The current article reviews the interdisciplinary nature of personalized medicine, nanotechnology, and nanobiotechnology to employ a safe, efficient, stable, cost-effective futuristic approach for individualized treatment strategies and challenges in the application of personalized medicines for metabolic diseases.

Additional file 1: Table S1. Asthma education session feedback for in-person and virtual participants. Table S2. Impact of asthma education on parent/caregiver knowledge about the disease. Table S3. Impact of asthma education on parent/caregiver confidence of disease self-management. Figure S1. Impact of asthma education on participant knowledge and confidence in asthma self-management following attendance at an in-person or virtual comprehensive asthma education session.

Condensation heat transfer on surfaces can be enhanced by altering the surface topography. Surface modification technology can promote dropwise condensation which can exhibit higher heat transfer rate than filmwise condensation. This paper presents experimental data on the condensation of steam on vertical bare copper tubes and lead coated copper tubes for degree of sub-cooling in the range 0.5 °C ≤ ΔT ≤ 20 °C. The chemical texture of the tube surface was altered by coating with lead of thickness 10 µm and the physical texture of the surface was transformed by providing four grooves each having equal depths 0.10 mm, 0.15 mm and 0.30 mm. The condensation heat transfer characteristics of the tube surface is explained based on contact angle hysteresis and sliding velocity of the droplet. The results of the study reveal that for the tubes tested the average condensation heat transfer coefficient decreases with increase in degree of sub-cooling. It is also found that for copper tubes, providing grooves aids condensation heat transfer for the range of sub-cooling. However, for lead coated copper tube with/without grooves the heat transfer performance at ΔT 2 °C.

Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic, undergoes extensive first pass metabolism, also has poor aqueous solubility and belongs to BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) Class II drug) exhibit low oral bioavailability. To overcome this and to enhance the bioavailability, intestinal lymphatic transport of drugs can be exploited through Nano structured lipid carriers (NLCs). The NLCs were formulated by solvent diffusion method using solid lipid (glyceryl tripalmitate), liquid lipid (castor oil) and surfactants (Pluronic F-68, Soylecithin). The formulated NLCs were characterized for physico-chemical properties, in-vitro release studies and in-vivo oral bioavailability. F6 has shown average particle size of 158.5 nm with PI of 0.115 indicating narrow particle size distribution and follows uni modal distribution. It was found that the batch with stearyl amine has a zeta potential of 28.39 mV which confers stability to the dispersion. Bioavailability studies indicate that there was more than 5½-fold increase in oral bioavailability in case of NLCs (F6) compared to olanzapine suspension which indicates that NLCs provided sustained release of the drugs, and these systems can be the preferred as drug carriers for lipophilic drugs in long term disease conditions such as schizophrenia for enhanced bioavailability.

Supplemental material, SupplementaryFile1_(1) for Effectiveness of a Web-Based eHealth Portal for Delivery of Care to Home Dialysis Patients: A Single-Arm Pilot Study by James Kiberd, Usman Khan, Cynthia Stockman, Arun Radhakrishnan, Matthew Phillips, Bryce A. Kiberd, Kenneth A. West, Steven Soroka, Christopher Chan and Karthik K. Tennankore in Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease

Supplemental material, SupplementaryFile2_Version2 for Effectiveness of a Web-Based eHealth Portal for Delivery of Care to Home Dialysis Patients: A Single-Arm Pilot Study by James Kiberd, Usman Khan, Cynthia Stockman, Arun Radhakrishnan, Matthew Phillips, Bryce A. Kiberd, Kenneth A. West, Steven Soroka, Christopher Chan and Karthik K. Tennankore in Canadian Journal of Kidney Health and Disease