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Lascaux Polyamid-Textil-Schweisspulver 5350 is a hot-melt adhesive with promising properties for applications in textile conservation. The study presented aims at examining the properties and long-term stability of this adhesive. It also deals with the possibilities of its use for bonding proteinaceous and cellulosic textiles and describes particular methods of using the adhesive either in the form of powder or as a prepared adhesive film. The adhesion techniques are compared with conventional sewing methods commonly used to consolidate damaged textile objects. In addition, the study also deals with the reversibility of the adhesive treatments.

Understanding the factors affecting thermal tolerance is crucial for predicting the impact climate change will have on ectotherms. However, the role developmental plasticity plays in allowing populations to cope with thermal extremes is poorly understood. Here, we meta-analyse how thermal tolerance is initially and persistently impacted by early (embryonic and juvenile) thermal environments by using data from 150 experimental studies on 138 ectothermic species. Thermal tolerance only increased by 0.13°C per 1°C change in developmental temperature and substantial variation in plasticity (~36%) was the result of shared evolutionary history and species ecology. Aquatic ectotherms were more than three times as plastic as terrestrial ectotherms. Notably, embryos expressed weaker but more heterogenous plasticity than older life stages, with numerous responses appearing as non-adaptive. While developmental temperatures did not have persistent effects on thermal tolerance overall, persistent effects were vastly under-studied, and their direction and magnitude varied with ontogeny. Embryonic stages may represent a critical window of vulnerability to changing environments and we urge researchers to consider early life stages when assessing the climate vulnerability of ectotherms. Overall, our synthesis suggests that developmental changes in thermal tolerance rarely reach levels of perfect compensation and may provide limited benefit in changing environments.

Mohammed A Almeshari,1,2 Nowaf Y Alobaidi,1,3 Elizabeth Sapey,1,4 Omar Usmani,5 Robert A Stockley,6 James A Stockley7 1Birmingham Acute Care Research Group, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK; 2Rehabilitation Health Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 3Respiratory Therapy Department, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa, Saudi Arabia; 4Acute Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK; 5Imperial College of London, London, UK; 6Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK; 7Lung Function & Sleep Department, Respiratory Medicine, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UKCorrespondence: Mohammed A AlmeshariRehabilitation Health Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, P. Box 145111,, Riyadh, ZIP 4545, Saudi ArabiaTel +966 50 8033 880Email malmeshari@ksu.edu.saBackground: Bronchodilator responsiveness (BDR) is commonly used in the diagnosis of lung disease. Although small airways dysfunction is a feature of asthma and COPD, physiological tests of small airways are not included in guidelines for BDR testing. This systematic review assessed the current evidence of BDR using small airways function in asthma and COPD.Methods: The systematic review used standard methodology with the protocol prospectively registered on PROSPERO (CRD42020164140). Electronic medical databases (EMBASE and Medline) were searched using related keywords. Abstracts and full texts were screened independently by two reviewers. Studies that reported the change of physiological small airways function and FEV1 were included in the review. The revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCT and NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies were used to evaluate the studies.Results: A total of 934 articles were identified, with 12 meeting the inclusion criteria. Ten studies included asthma patients, 1 study included COPD patients and 1 study included both asthma and COPD. A total of 1104 participants were included, of whom 941 were asthmatic, 64 had COPD and 109 were healthy controls. Studies were heterogeneous in design including the device, dose and time intervals for BDR assessment. A small airway BDR was seen for most tests in asthma and COPD, including oscillometry (R5-20, reactance (X5), area of reactance (AX) and resonant frequency (Fres)) and Maximal Mid Expiratory Flow.Conclusion: There is a measurable BDR in the small airways. However, with no consensus on how to assess BDR, studies were heterogeneous. Further research is needed to inform how BDR should be assessed, its clinical impact and place in routine clinical practice.Keywords: asthma, COPD, bronchodilator, reversibility, small airways function

Reversible Cellular Automata (RCA) are a particular kind of shift-invariant transformations characterized by a dynamics composed only of disjoint cycles. They have many applications in the simulation of physical systems, cryptography and reversible computing. In this work, we formulate the search of a specific class of RCA -- namely, those whose local update rules are defined by conserved landscapes -- as an optimization problem to be tackled with Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Genetic Programming (GP). In particular, our experimental investigation revolves around three different research questions, which we address through a single-objective, a multi-objective, and a lexicographic approach. The results obtained from our experiments corroborate the previous findings and shed new light on 1) the difficulty of the associated optimization problem for GA and GP, 2) the relevance of conserved landscape CA in the domain of cryptography and reversible computing, and 3) the relationship between the reversibility property and the Hamming weight., Comment: 39 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, pre-print of an extension of a paper published in EuroGP 2020

Our multicentric, masked, controlled and randomised study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of Suprelorin® 4.7 mg (Virbac, Carros, France) regarding oestrus prevention in prepubertal intact bitches. Twelve- to eighteen-week-old females (n = 83) were allocated either a deslorelin implant (n = 62) or 0.9% sodium chloride (n = 21) group. Clinical assessment (heat signs), 17β oestradiol and progesterone assays, and vaginal cytology were performed at day (D)0, D7, D21, month (M)3 and M6 after product administration, and were then performed every other month until reaching puberty. Trained owners assessed heat signs between each veterinary visit. All bitches (n = 83) reached puberty before M30. Deslorelin significantly extended the median time to sexual maturity when compared to the control group (377 days versus 217 days after D0, p < 0.0001). Three females, implanted between 16 and 18 weeks of age, expressed an induced oestrus. Additional descriptive data, collected over a 24 month-period, showed functional reproductive abilities in both deslorelin (n = 52) and control (n = 21) groups once puberty was achieved. In conclusion, Suprelorin® 4.7 mg seems to be an effective and safe option for postponing the onset of oestrus when administered to prepubertal female dogs aged from 12 to 16 weeks.

Funding Information: This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 814299 - CHARISMA. This work also received financial support from PT national funds ( FCT / MCTES , Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through the project UIDB/50006/2020 (LAQV-REQUIMTE). Publisher Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) The aim of this work was the design, synthesis, and characterization of new chromogenic spirolactone dyes based on a 2-phenyl-1-benzopyrylium (flavylium) backbone for further development of thermochromic smart labels. The influence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the five synthesized dyes was studied in terms of color modification, acid-base behavior and thermochromic properties. By using UV–Vis absorption and emission spectroscopies, molar absorptivity, oscillator strength, Stokes shift, and fluorescence quantum yield were determined for each dye to evaluate the impact on color and excited state properties of the designed structures. The acid-base behavior and the ability to evolve towards leuco species was assessed by titrations with triethylamine and N,N-diisopropylethylamine in non-polar and polar aprotic solvents such as acetonitrile and octan-1-ol. In addition, the reversibility of the color was also evaluated by titrations with polar protic solvents (water and ethanol) and Lewis acids (gallic acid and iron(III) chloride). The number of equivalents of base/acid required to reach the leuco product and then to reverse the color were determined by representing the absorption maximum as a function of added base/acid in acetonitrile (water content less than 0.01-v/v). Finally, the thermochromic properties were evaluated in the presence of long-chain organic amines and water-insoluble solvents with melting points close to room temperature. The synthesized compounds can switch between two species if the appropriate conditions are used. Moreover, the tests carried out to assess their thermochromic behavior concluded that all dyes display thermochromism to some extent. The dyes that have electron-withdrawing groups attached, such as cyano, display stronger chromogenic effects useful for future applications. publishersversion published

This review synthesizes what is known about tracking obesity, its comorbidities, and reversibility thereof in one paper with evidence-based recommendations for exercise prescription to promote remission.

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are one of the most used nanoparticles due to their unique physicochemical and biological properties. There is, however, a growing concern about their negative impact on male reproductive health. Therefore, in the present study, two different strategies were used to evaluate the recovery ability of spermatogonia cells from the first stage of spermatogenesis (GC-1 spg cell line) after being exposed to a cytotoxic concentration of ZnO NPs (20 µg/mL) for two different short time periods, 6 and 12 h. The first strategy was to let the GC-1 cells recover after ZnO NPs exposure in a ZnO NPs-free medium for 4 days. At this phase, cell viability assays were performed to evaluate whether this period was long enough to allow for cell recovery. Exposure to ZnO NPs for 6 h and 12 h induced a decrease in viability of 25% and 41%, respectively. However, the recovery period allowed for an increase in cell viability from 16% to 25% to values as high as 91% and 84%. These results strongly suggest that GC-1 cells recover, but not completely, given that the cell viability does not reach 100%. Additionally, the impact of a synthetic chalcone (E)-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (1) to counteract the reproductive toxicity of ZnO NPs was investigated. Different concentrations of chalcone 1 (0–12.5 µM) were used before and during exposure of GC-1 cells to ZnO NPs to mitigate the damage induced by NPs. The protective ability of this compound was evaluated through viability assays, levels of DNA damage, and cytoskeleton dynamics (evaluating the acetylated α-tubulin and β-actin protein levels). The results indicated that the tested concentrations of chalcone 1 can attenuate the genotoxicity induced by ZnO NPs for shorter exposure periods (6 h). Chalcone 1 supplementation also increased cell viability and stabilized the microtubules. However, the antioxidant potential of this compound remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, this work addressed the main cytotoxic effects of ZnO NPs on a spermatogonia cell line and analyzed two different strategies to mitigate this damage, which represent a significant contribution to the field of male fertility.

This study examines if choice criticism mediates the interactive effects of reversibility and decision frame on satisfaction. We will test this by manipulating choice criticism.

Matlab codes to calculate ensemble and effective dispersion for the case of reversal of the flow field, analytically by applying linear stochastic theory and numerically based on particle-tracking random-walk. Codes belong to the manuscript: Stettler, M.-M., O.A. Cirpka, M. Dentz: Linear Stochastic Analysis of the Partial Reversibility of Ensemble and Effective Dispersion in Heterogeneous Porous Media. Water Resour. Res. (submitted), 2022.

While a dramatic increase in obesity and related comorbidities is being witnessed, the underlying mechanisms of their spread remain unresolved. Epigenetic and other non-genetic mechanisms tend to be prominent candidates involved in the establishment and transmission of obesity and associated metabolic disorders to offspring. Here, we review recent findings addressing those candidates, in the context of maternal and paternal influences, and discuss the effectiveness of preventive measures.

The change in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in response to a bronchodilator (ΔFEV1) is a diagnostic tool. Moreover, bronchodilation testing may give clinically relevant outcomes beyond diagnostic purposes. The present study aimed, therefore, to investigate the nationwide role of bronchodilation testing in daily practice. The study included 280 subjects, 202 (72.1%) males and 78 (27.9%) females; the mean age was 11.6 years. Notably, 67 (24%) children had bronchial reversibility (BDR). Age, initial FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and FVC were significantly associated with BDR (OR 1.16, 1.66, 0.71, and 0.67, respectively). Interestingly, 39 (58.2%) children with BDR had no bronchial obstruction. In conclusion, the BDR is usually associated with low values of the lung function parameters, even if within the normal ranges.

espanolLa nueva regulacion del trabajo a distancia propicia el analisis de diversos aspectos, entre ellos, el acuerdo que las partes han de firmar para articular esta forma de desarrollar la prestacion laboral. Este pacto, sus modificaciones y la reversibilidad de lo acordado, reviste unas determinadas formalidades, pero sobre todo esta ordenado en sus contenidos, que quedan a lo que las partes concierten, si bien algunos aspectos se encuentran regulados por el legislador, como tambien pueden serlo por la negociacion colectiva. EnglishThe new regulation of distance work encourages the analysis of various aspects, among them, the agreement that the parties have to sign to articulate this way of developing the labor provision. This pact, its modifications and the reversibility of what has been agreed, has certain formalities, but above all it is ordered in its contents, which are up to what the parties agree on, although some aspects are regulated by the legislator, as may also be by collective bargaining

Although the assessment of a bronchodilator response (BDR) is a routine and important procedure when performing lung function tests, comparisons between spirometric and oscillometric BDRs in asthmatic children living at high altitude have not been previously reported. The aim of the present study was to compare spirometric and oscillometric BDRs in children living at high altitude, and to identify independent predictors of spirometric and oscillometric BDRs. Between January and December, 2015, asthmatic children aged between 5 and 17 years old performed impulse oscillometry (IOS) and spirometry during the same visit before and after albuterol administration. The data were analyzed, and children were classified into those positive for oscillometric BDR only, those positive for spirometric BDR only, those positive for both BDRs, and those negative for both BDRs. Ninety-three asthmatic children (56 boys, 37 girls), with a median (IQR) age of 11 (8-13) years, made up the study population. Among the total of 93 participants, 13 (14.0%), 4 (4.3%), 0 (0%), and 76 (81.7%) were positive for spirometric BDR only, positive for oscillometric BDR only, positive for both BDRs, and negative for both BDRs, respectively. Age and baseline lung function were identified as significant predictors of positive spirometric BDR. The present study shows poor concordance between positive spirometric and oscillometric BDRs, with a greater proportion of patients with a spirometric BDR when compared to those with positive oscillometric BDR. Additionally, age and baseline lung function are useful for predicting spirometric BDR results.

In this work new rosamine–silica composites were prepared and their sensing ability towards different amines was assessed. Rice husk wastes were used as a biogenic silica source. Silica was extracted by thermal treatment, before rice husk ash and after acid leaching with citric acid–treated rice husk ash. Mesoporous material (SBA-15) was also prepared using the extracted silica. The prepared materials were characterized by several techniques such as FTIR, XRD, SEM and N2 adsorption. The materials were then used as adsorbents of the chromophore N-methylpyridinium rosamine (Ros4PyMe). The obtained loaded composites were tested in solution for amines sensing (n-butylamine, aniline, putrescine and cadaverine). The detection studies were analyzed by fluorescence and revealed 40% and 48% quenching in fluorescence intensity for the composite Ros4PyMe@SBA in the presence of the biogenic amines cadaverine and putrescine, respectively. The composite was also sensitive in the powder form, changing the color from violet to pale pink in the presence of putrescine vapors with a fast response (around 2 min), the process being reversible by exposure to air.

We report on the synthesis of a distannyne supported by a pincer ligand bearing pendant amine donors that is capable of reversibly activating E–H bonds at one or both of the tin centres through dissociation of the hemi-labile N–Sn donor/acceptor interactions. This chemistry can be exploited to sequentially (and reversibly) assemble mixed-valence chains of tin atoms of the type ArSn{Sn(Ar)H} n SnAr ( n = 1, 2). The experimentally observed (decreasing) propensity towards chain growth with increasing chain length can be rationalized both thermodynamically and kinetically by the electron-withdrawing properties of the –Sn(Ar)H– backbone units generated via oxidative addition. peerReviewed

WOS: 000531286600021 The DNA 4-bases are matched with the 256 elements of the finite ring R=F4+uF4+vF4+uvFR=F_{4}+uF_{4}+vF_{4}+uvF_{4}$$\end{document}, where u2=u,v2=v,uv=vu. By defining a non trivial automorphism over R, the skew cyclic codes over the finite ring R are introduced. The reversible DNA codes are obtained, by using the skew cyclic codes whose generator polynomials satisfy some conditions. Thanks to this, the reversibility problem for DNA 4-bases can be solved. Moreover, the Gray images of the skew cyclic codes over the finite ring are determined.

Heritage buildings worldwide are primarily masonry construction. Over the centuries, these structures have demonstrated a high vulnerability in seismic events. The seismic protection and retrofitting of these historical structures require an effective structural solution, without compromise, cover or loss of architectural and artistic value. For these scenarios, the use of Fiber Reinforced Polymers (FRPs) is discouraged since removability of the intervention is often a mandatory requirement, and the polymeric adhesives bond the fiber to the masonry substrate, eliminating the possibility of preserving the underlying material during a replacement operation. In FRP-strengthening, the force transfer from the substrate to the FRP occurs by means of bond stresses. However, in the case of column confinement, while full bond is nevertheless developed through the adhesive, it is not necessary for the effectiveness of the confinement. Instead, the confining pressure is applied by the FRP when transversal dilatation of the column is mobilized. Thus, with the exception of the overlapping regions, an FRP retrofit for column confinement works due to a contact phenomenon instead of bond. In this context, new FRP-confinement techniques, based on contact rather than adhesion, can be developed. This paper presents research on fully-reversible contact-based techniques for FRP-confinement. Three different techniques were developed and demonstrated by the authors. Each technique was experimentally evaluated through compression tests of small-scale limestone cylinders. The reversibility of each technique was verified through comparison of the substrates before the FRP-confinement and after the testing. The effectiveness of each technique was evaluated by comparing the compressive strength and the deformability with those obtained for unconfined specimens. The concepts show promise as effective and reversible strengthening techniques.

To improve the packing efficiency in tank scale, hydrides have been compacted into pellet form; however, poor hydrogen permeability through the pellets results in sluggish kinetics. In this work, the hydrogen sorption properties of compacted 2LiBH4 MgH2 doped with 30 wt % activated carbon nanofibers (ACNF) are investigated. After doping with ACNF, onset dehydrogenation temperature of compacted 2LiBH4 MgH2 decreases from 350 to 300 °C and hydrogen released content enhances from 55 to 87% of the theoretical capacity. The sample containing ACNF releases hydrogen following a two-step mechanism with reversible hydrogen storage capacities up to 4.5 wt % H2 and 41.8 gH2/L, whereas the sample without ACNF shows a single-step decomposition mainly from MgH2 with only 1.8 wt % H2 and 15.4 gH2/L. Significant kinetic improvement observed in the doped system is due to the enhancement of both hydrogen permeability and heat transfer through the pellet.

Natural rubber (NR)is one of Nature's most exceptional materials and is, therefore, widely used by industry, in particular by the tire industry. In spite of the interest in recycling vulcanized NR, there is no suitable way to do it and most of the tires are discarded in landfills. Here, we examine the use of a Diels-Alder reaction to obtain a NR fully and reversibly crosslinked and with self-repair capacity. NR was crosslinked via Diels-Alder (DA)reactions following a three-step procedure: i)NR was reacted with maleic anhydride; ii)furan moieties were then grafted to the maleated rubber; iii)pending furans were further crosslinked with a bismaleimide, resulting in a thermoreversible bridge which led to a crosslinked NR. The formation of the DA adduct was confirmed and the reversibility of the DA reaction was demonstrated through dynamic-mechanical analysis and rheological measurements. The self-healing capacity of the material was also evaluated; qualitatively, at different scales by scanning electron microscopy, optical profilometry and atomic force microscopy and; quantitatively, by tensile testing obtaining 80% of strength recovery at small deformations. We provide phenomenological explanations of the reversibility and healing performance of the DA reaction too. This research provides a framework to crosslink rubbers, yielding a straightforward strategy for both reusing and extending the lifetime of elastomeric goods., The authors acknowledge Dr. Nuria García (ICTP-CSIC), and Dr. Esther Rebollar and Dr. Tiberio Ezquerra (IEM-CSIC) for their support with optical profilometry and AFM measurements. M. Hernández Santana acknowledges the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain for a research contract (MAT2015-73392-JIN).

One of the major challenges faced by oil extraction industry is the unstable behavior of asphaltene formation, yet not fully understood. The prediction of asphaltene formation depends on the small changes in chemical characteristics and composition of the crude oil. Consequently, the study of molecular structure and molecular properties such as density is of a great practical interest. Other properties become very complex to assess when the asphaltene fraction contains 105 different molecules. Average molecular parameters are used to obtain information about asphaltenes. The density of the asphaltenes can easily be calculated and, thus, can be used to evaluate predictive capacities of the average structure. This present work of molecular dynamic simulations was carried out to evaluate the asphaltene densities of an Australian oil field. Simulations of molecular dynamics are used to assess the average structure densities representing different asphaltenes in a specific oil field. These simulations assist in predicting the formation of asphaltene structural model. Comparatively, the experimental densities are higher than the calculated ones. However, the calculated values demonstrate the appropriate trend. The chemical structure shows essential accuracy, as evidenced by average structures, which can be used to estimate the densities qualitatively. Hence, systematic study was carried out on the basis of the effects of various structures on the calculated densities of asphaltene. The main characteristics of the molecules which yielded highest densities are those found with low hydrogen–carbon ratio and big condensed aromatic rings. Moreover, better and improved density values were produced by a recently developed group contribution method than simulations of molecular dynamics, which is still being lower than that of experimental values.

Generalized modus ponens (GMP) is a basic model of approximate reasoning. GMP in fuzzy propositions is called fuzzy modus ponen (FMP) and it is called intuitionistic fuzzy modus ponens (IFMP) when fuzzy propositions are generalized to intuitionistic fuzzy propositions. In this paper, we aim to investigate fuzzy reasoning methods for GMP with mixture of fuzzy/intuitionistic fuzzy information. For mixed types of GMP, we present two basic methods to solve GMP problems based on the triple I method (TIM). One is to transform the GMP problem into two FMP problems by decomposition and aggregate the solutions of TIM for FMP problems to obtain the solution for GMP problem. The other is to transform the GMP problem into the IFMP problem by expansion and aggregate the solutions of TIM for the IFMP problem to obtain the solution for the GMP problem. These two methods are called the decomposition triple I method (DTIM) and expansion triple I method (ETIM), respectively. We analyze the relationship between DTIM and ETIM. Furthermore, we discuss the reversibility of DTIM and ETIM.

The reversibility of antibiotic resistance is theoretically attractive due to the prospect of restoring the clinical potency of antibiotics. It is important to find out the factors that affect the reversibility of antibiotic resistance. Here, an mcr-1-positive multidrug-resistant (MDR) environmental Escherichia coli isolate was successively passaged under four antibiotic-free culture conditions. The relative abundances of multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) kept decreasing during the successive passages. The linear correlations between abundances of ARGs on the same MDR plasmid reflected that the decay of antibiotic resistance during the passage was mainly due to the elimination of the MDR plasmid (pMCR_W5-6). Colistin-susceptible strains were isolated at the end of the passage. The whole-genome sequencing of two susceptible isolates detected the elimination of the MDR plasmid and deletion of the mcr-1 gene. Deletions of DNA fragments from chromosome and plasmid were closely related to a variety of insertion sequences (ISs). The results of coculture of resistant and susceptible strains at different antibiotic concentrations indicated that the high fitness cost led to the poor stability of mobile ARGs. Strict control of the use of antibiotics can at least reverse the severe antibiotic resistance caused by mobile ARGs of high fitness cost. IMPORTANCE The dissemination of bacterial antibiotic resistance is a serious threat to human health. The development of new antibiotics faces both economic and technological challenges. The reversibility of antibiotic resistance has become an important issue causing wide concern due to the prospect of restoring the clinical potency of antibiotics. Our study suggests that the high mobility of ARGs of high fitness cost may just reflect their poor stability. Therefore, strict control of the use of antibiotics can at least reverse the severe antibiotic resistance caused by mobile ARGs of high fitness cost. This study brings hope for the possibility of curbing the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is clinical-neuroradiologically defined and potentially reversible, so there are limited data about histopathological findings. We aimed to describe the clinical and paraclinical features of patients with PRES with regard to its reversibility. Methods This retrospective case series encompasses 15 PRES cases out of 1300 evaluated patients from a single German center between January 1, 2010, and June 15, 2020. PRES was established according to the diagnostic criteria as proposed by the Berlin PRES Study 2012. One of the cases studied was subject to brain autopsy. Results From the 15 patients studied (median age 53 years, range 17–73; 11 female), 67 % presented with epileptic seizures, 40 % suffered from encephalopathy with reduced consciousness and 53 % developed delirium, while 47 % had headache and visual disturbances. Subcortical brain MRI abnormalities related to PRES were observed in all patients. One patient developed spinal ischemia and another Guillain-Barré syndrome in addition to PRES. Hypertensive blood pressure was the main underlying/trigger condition in all patients. Clinical symptoms and MRI changes were not reversible in 42 %, even progressive in 3 out of these 5 patients. Median time from symptom onset to diagnosis in these non-reversible cases was 7 days (range 0–13), while the median delay in diagnosis in the reversible group was 1 day (range 0–3). Cerebellar/brain stem involvement and status epilepticus were more frequently in patients with non-reversible disease course. Mortality due to PRES occurred in 13 % of these patients. Neuropathological examination of the brain of a 57-year-old female patient revealed major leukencephalopathic changes, fibrinoid necrosis of endothelial cells and fresh petechial hemorrhages in accordance with PRES. Conclusions Our case series demonstrates that PRES was not reversible in 42 % of the studied patients. Delay in diagnosis seems to contribute to limited reversibility and poor outcome.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has the characteristic accessory protein ORF8. Although clinical reports indicate that ORF8 variant strains (Δ382 and L84S variants) are less likely to cause severe illness, functional differences between wild-type and variant ORF8 are unknown. Furthermore, the physicochemical properties of the ORF8 protein have not been analyzed. In this study, the physicochemical properties of the wild-type ORF8 and its L84S variant were analyzed and compared. Using the tobacco BY-2 cell production system, which has been successfully used to produce the wild-type ORF8 protein with a single conformation, was used to successfully produce the ORF8 L84S variant protein at the same level as wild-type ORF8. The produced proteins were purified, and their temperature and pH dependencies were examined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Our data suggested that the wild-type and L84S variant ORF8 structures are highly stable over a wide temperature range. Both proteins displayed an aggregated conformation at higher temperature that reverted when the temperature was decreased to room temperature. Moreover, ORF8 precipitated at acidic pH and this precipitation was reversed when the solution pH was shifted to neutral. Interestingly, the L84S variant exhibited greater solubility than wild-type ORF8 under acidic conditions. Thus, the finding indicated that conformational stability and reversibility of ORF8 are key properties related to function in oppressive environments.

Background Reversibility measured by spirometry in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined as an increase in forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) that is both more than 12% and 200 mL above the pre-bronchodilator value in response to inhaled bronchodilators. FEV1 only may not fully reverberate the changes caused by reduction in air trapping or hyperinflation. To date, the studies that examined the effect of inhaled bronchodilators (BD) on residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) are limited. This study was carried out to assess the differences between flow and volume responses after bronchodilator reversibility testing in patients with different COPD GOLD stages (GOLD stage I to stage IV). Spirometry and whole body plethysmography were done before and 15 min after inhalation of 400 μg salbutamol. Results Majority (53.3%) of cases were volume responders, 18.7% were flow responders, 20% were flow and volume responders, and 8% were non responders. Significant increase in Δ FEV1% was found in 15% of cases while 55% showed a significant increase in Δ FVC (P= < 0.001). Mean difference of Δ FVC (L) post BD was significantly increased with advancing GOLD stage (P= 0.03). A cutoff point > 20% for Δ RV% had 70% sensitivity and 60% specificity and > 12% for Δ TLC% showed 90% sensitivity and 45% specificity for prediction of clinically significant response to BD based on FEV1. A cutoff point > 18% for Δ RV% had 78% sensitivity and 29% specificity and > 14% for Δ TLC% had 50% sensitivity and 70% specificity for prediction of clinically significant response to BD based on FVC. Conclusion ΔFEV1 underestimates the true effect of bronchodilators with advancing GOLD stage. Measurement of lung volumes in addition to the standard spirometric indices is recommended when determining bronchodilator response in COPD patients.

Asthma is a chronic airway disorder associated with variable airflow limitations, which are triggered by different stimuli. The reversibility of airflow limitations reflects patients' responses to the therapy with bronchodilators and improvements in airflow. This study aims to determine the treatment outcomes (improvements in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and the number of asthma exacerbations) associated with the presence of airflow reversibility.This retrospective cohort study included 154 adults (18 years) who were diagnosed with asthma and had pulmonary function testing (PFT) at a tertiary care centre in KSA between January 1st, 2014 and May 31st, 2019. Smokers and patients with comorbidities or medications that could affect PFT were excluded from the analysis. Patients were classified as having a reversible airflow limitation when they exhibited a post-bronchodilator FEV1 increase of 12% and 200 mL. Exacerbations were defined as the need to use oral corticosteroids. Chi-square tests were used for comparative analyses.From our cohort, 42 patients exhibited reversibility. In contrast, 112 patients did not show any sign of reversibility. Asthmatics with baseline reversible airflow limitations experienced significant worsening of FEV1 during the follow-up period compared with those with no reversibility, showing a mean difference of 19.96 mL (In our study, during the follow-up of patients with asthma, we found that the reversibility of airflow was associated with significantly worse FEV1, although this did not have a significant effect on exacerbations. Therefore, we recommend regular spirometry follow-ups, particularly for patients with significant airway reversibility.الربو هو اضطراب مزمن في مجرى الهواء يرتبط بحدود تدفق الهواء المتغيرة التي تسببها محفزات مختلفة. تعكس إمكانية عكس قيود تدفق الهواء استجابة المريض للعلاج بموسعات الشعب الهوائية والتحسن في تدفق الهواء. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تحديد نتائج العلاج (التحسينات في حجم الزفير القسري في الثانية الأولى وعدد حالات تفاقم الربو) المرتبطة بوجود انعكاس تدفق الهواء.تضمنت هذه الدراسة بأثر رجعي ١٥٤ بالغا (أكبر من ١٨ عاما) مصابين بالربو وخضعوا لاختبارات وظائف الرئة في مركز رعاية من الدرجة الثالثة في المملكة العربية السعودية بين ١ يناير ٢٠١٤ و٣١ مايو ٢٠١٩. تم استبعاد المدخنين والمرضى الذين يعانون من أمراض مصاحبة أو من يستعمل أدوية قد تؤثر على اختبارات وظائف الرئة. تم تصنيف المرضى على أنهم يعانون من قيود عكسية في تدفق الهواء عندما أظهروا زيادة حجم الزفير القسري في الثانية الأولى بعد توسيع القصبات بنسبة ١٢٪ و٢٠٠ مل. كما تم تعريف التفاقم على أنه الحاجة إلى استخدام الستيرويدات القشرية عن طريق الفم.أظهر ٤٢ مريضا قابلية للعكس. في المقابل، لم يظهر ١١٢ مريضا أي علامة على الانعكاسية. عانى مرضى الربو الذين يعانون من قيود تدفق الهواء القابلة للانعكاس من تدهور كبير في حجم الزفير القسري في الثانية الأولى أثناء المتابعة، مقارنة مع أولئك الذين ليس لديهم قابلية للانعكاسية، وبلغ متوسط الفرق ١٩.٩٦ مل. ولم يكن هناك ارتباط اعتباري بين الانعكاسية وقابلية حدوث تفاقم للحالة.في دراستنا، وأثناء متابعة مرضى الربو، وجدنا أن انعكاس تدفق الهواء كان مرتبطا بتدهور كبير في حجم الزفير القسري في الثانية الأولى، ولكن بدون تأثير كبير على التفاقم، نوصي بمتابعة قياس التنفس بانتظام، خاصة للمرضى الذين يعانون من انعكاسية مجرى الهواء.

Transition metal catalysts are particularly effective in improving the kinetics of the reversible hydrogen storage reaction for light metal hydrides. Herein, K2MoO4 microrods were prepared using a simple evaporative crystallization method, and it was confirmed that the kinetic properties of magnesium hydride could be adjusted by doping cubic K2MoO4 into MgH2. Its unique cubic structure forms new species in the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption, which shows excellent catalytic activity in the process of hydrogen storage in MgH2. The dissociation and adsorption time of hydrogen is related to the amount of K2MoO4. Generally speaking, the more K2MoO4, the faster the kinetic performance and the shorter the time used. According to the experimental results, the initial dehydrogenation temperature of MgH2 + 10 wt% K2MoO4 composite is 250 °C, which is about 110 °C lower than that of As-received MgH2. At 320 °C, almost all dehydrogenation was completed within 11 min. In the temperature rise hydrogen absorption test, the composite system can start to absorb hydrogen at about 70 °C. At 200 °C and 3 MPa hydrogen pressure, 5.5 wt% H2 can be absorbed within 20 min. In addition, the activation energy of hydrogen absorption and dehydrogenation of the composite system decreased by 14.8 kJ/mol and 26.54 kJ/mol, respectively, compared to pure MgH2. In the cycle-stability test of the composite system, the hydrogen storage capacity of MgH2 can still reach more than 92% after the end of the 10th cycle, and the hydrogen storage capacity only decreases by about 0.49 wt%. The synergistic effect among the new species MgO, MgMo2O7, and KH generated in situ during the reaction may help to enhance the absorption and dissociation of H2 on the Mg/MgH2 surface and improve the kinetics of MgH2 for absorption and dehydrogenation.

We study a model of active particles that perform a simple random walk and on top of that have a preferred direction determined by an internal state which is modelled by a stationary Markov process. First we calculate the limiting diffusion coefficient. Then we show that the `active part' of the diffusion coefficient is in some sense maximal for reversible state processes. Further, we obtain a large deviations principle for the active particle in terms of the large deviations rate function of the empirical process corresponding to the state process. Again we show that the rate function and free energy function are (pointwise) optimal for reversible state processes. Finally, we show that in the case with two states, the Fourier-Laplace transform of the distribution, the moment generating function and the free energy function can be computed explicitly. Along the way we provide several examples., Comment: This paper supersedes arXiv:1910.03350. 26 pages

La nueva regulación del trabajo a distancia propicia el análisis de diversos aspectos, entre ellos, el acuerdo que las partes han de firmar para articular esta forma de desarrollar la prestación laboral. Este pacto, sus modificaciones y la reversibilidad de lo acordado, reviste unas determinadas formalidades, pero sobre todo está ordenado en sus contenidos, que quedan a lo que las partes concierten, si bien algunos aspectos se encuentran regulados por el legislador, como también pueden serlo por la negociación colectiva. The new regulation of distance work encourages the analysis of var ious aspects, among them, the agreement that the parties have to sign to articulate this way of developing the labor provision. This pact, its modifications and the re versibility of what has been agreed, has certain formalities, but above all it is ordered in its contents, which are up to what the parties agree on, although some aspects are regulated by the legislator, as may also be by collective bargaining.

The restoration of incomplete artifacts is important for presenting the value of artifacts. Even though the existing methods provide rich solutions for the restoration of artifacts, they may not be the ultimate and perfect methods. The innovation of restoration methods may provide better restoration effects in some aspects or bring people a different visiting experience, which motivates people to explore new restoration methods. In this paper, based on virtual imaging technology, a virtual imaging restoration method for incomplete artifacts were proposed. In order to examine the effects and potential of the virtual imaging restoration, a bronze mirror and a mural were restored through our newly invented virtual imaging restoration device. The effects of the restorations were evaluated through the illumination test and the questionnaire surveys. The results proved that the virtual imaging restoration can visually achieve in-situ restoration, and it is completely reversible. Virtual imaging restoration also performed well in terms of visiting experience, authenticity, discernibility, and economy. Limitations of this restoration method are related to the scope of application, the viewing angle, and the imaging effects. Overall, virtual imaging restoration is worth recommending and the potential of this method and its encouraging results may provide a choice or pretest tool for the restoration of some incomplete artifacts in the near future.

The extreme traits of subterranean organisms have traditionally been considered detrimental in the surface environment, thereby permanently restricting them to the dark, fragmented and relatively stable subsurface. Specifically, the loss of eyes and pigment coupled with stenothermy is thought to be disadvantageous in the dynamic surface environment, especially in the face of competition from epigean counterparts. However, this paradigm has been challenged by several recent studies which indicate that in rare cases, a reversal to surface habitats seems likely. Using the amphipod genus Niphargus as a model, I present environmental, life-history, phylogeographic, phylogenetic, trophic and functional morphological data that supports at least two independent reversals to surface environments. The two studied species, N. hrabei and N. valachicus, have rarely been reported from groundwater, but are common inhabitants of surface rivers, streams and lakes. They have very broad geographical distributions (>1300 km) with modest genetic divergence, indicating wide-scale dispersal and gene-flow via the interconnected surface river network. Molecular phylogenies strongly support their independent origin from groundwater ancestors. In the case of N. valachicus, life-history data further supports an epigean lifestyle due to the strong influence of seasonality, closely matching the patterns observed in surface amphipods. A comparison of functional morphology and trophic niche between this species and two of its most common sympatric surface relatives (Gammarus dacicus and Synurella ambulans) reveals that it occupies a unique predatory niche, indicating little trophic overlap and decreased competitive pressure. It therefore appears that, under certain circumstances, subterranean species do not only recolonize, but also thrive in surface environments.

For the past two decades, cellular senescence has been recognized as a central component of the tumor cell response to chemotherapy and radiation. Traditionally, this form of senescence, termed Therapy-Induced Senescence (TIS), was linked to extensive nuclear damage precipitated by classical genotoxic chemotherapy. However, a number of other forms of therapy have also been shown to induce senescence in tumor cells independently of direct genomic damage. This review attempts to provide a comprehensive summary of both conventional and targeted anticancer therapeutics that have been shown to induce senescence in vitro and in vivo. Still, the utility of promoting senescence as a therapeutic endpoint remains under debate. Since senescence represents a durable form of growth arrest, it might be argued that senescence is a desirable outcome of cancer therapy. However, accumulating evidence suggesting that cells have the capacity to escape from TIS would support an alternative conclusion, that senescence provides an avenue whereby tumor cells can evade the potentially lethal action of anticancer drugs, allowing the cells to enter a temporary state of dormancy that eventually facilitates disease recurrence, often in a more aggressive state. Furthermore, TIS is now strongly connected to tumor cell remodeling, potentially to tumor dormancy, acquiring more ominous malignant phenotypes and accounts for several untoward adverse effects of cancer therapy. Here, we argue that senescence represents a barrier to effective anticancer treatment, and discuss the emerging efforts to identify and exploit agents with senolytic properties as a strategy for elimination of the persistent residual surviving tumor cell population, with the goal of mitigating the tumor-promoting influence of the senescent cells and to thereby reduce the likelihood of cancer relapse.

Evolution is often deemed irreversible. The evolution of complex traits that require many mutations makes their reversal unlikely. Even in simpler traits, reversals might become less likely as neutral or beneficial mutations, with deleterious effects in the ancestral context, become fixed in the novel background. This is especially true in changes that involve large reorganizations of the organism and its interactions with the environment. The evolution of multicellularity involves the reorganization of previously autonomous cells into a more complex organism; despite the complexity of this change, single cells have repeatedly evolved from multicellular ancestors. These repeated reversals to unicellularity undermine the generality of Dollo's law. In this article, we evaluated the dynamics of reversals to unicellularity from recently evolved multicellular phenotypes of the brewers yeast Saccharomyces cerevisae. Even though multicellularity in this system evolved recently, it involves the evolution of new levels of selection. Strong selective pressures against multicellularity lead to rapid reversibility to single cells in all of our replicate lines, whereas counterselection favoring multicellularity led to minimal reductions to the rates of reversal. History and chance played an important role in the tempo and mode of reversibility, highlighting the interplay of deterministic and stochastic events in evolutionary reversals.

Significance Understanding whether paternal trauma is transmitted to children to affect their longevity, the mechanisms behind any transmission, and the reversibility of paternal trauma can inform health interventions and increase our understanding of the persistence of health within families. We show that severe paternal hardship as a prisoner of war (POW) led to high mortality among sons, but not daughters, born after the war who survived to the age of 45 but that adequate maternal nutrition countered the effect of paternal POW trauma in a manner most consistent with epigenetic explanations. We are not aware of any large sample studies in human populations that examine the reversibility of paternal trauma nor the long-term impact of paternal ex-POW status on children., We study whether paternal trauma is transmitted to the children of survivors of Confederate prisoner of war (POW) camps during the US Civil War (1861–1865) to affect their longevity at older ages, the mechanisms behind this transmission, and the reversibility of this transmission. We examine children born after the war who survived to age 45, comparing children whose fathers were non-POW veterans and ex-POWs imprisoned in very different camp conditions. We also compare children born before and after the war within the same family by paternal ex-POW status. The sons of ex-POWs imprisoned when camp conditions were at their worst were 1.11 times more likely to die than the sons of non-POWs and 1.09 times more likely to die than the sons of ex-POWs when camp conditions were better. Paternal ex-POW status had no impact on daughters. Among sons born in the fourth quarter, when maternal in utero nutrition was adequate, there was no impact of paternal ex-POW status. In contrast, among sons born in the second quarter, when maternal nutrition was inadequate, the sons of ex-POWs who experienced severe hardship were 1.2 times more likely to die than the sons of non-POWs and ex-POWs who fared better in captivity. Socioeconomic effects, family structure, father-specific survival traits, and maternal effects, including quality of paternal marriages, cannot explain our findings. While we cannot rule out fully psychological or cultural effects, our findings are most consistent with an epigenetic explanation.

The major disruptive seismic events that have hit Italy in recent years (2009, 2012 and 2016) have started a disciplinary debate regarding the need to tighten up requirements for structural...

Our aim in this paper is to investigate symmetry and reversibility properties for quantum algebras and skew PBW extensions. Under certain conditions we prove that these properties transfer from a ring of coefficients to a quantum algebra or skew PBW extension over this ring. In this way we generalize several results established in the literature and consider algebras which have not been studied before. We illustrate our results with remarkable examples of theoretical physics., Nuestro propósito en este artículo es investigar las propiedades de simetría y reversibilidad para álgebras cuánticas y extensiones PBW torcidas. Bajo ciertas condiciones mostramos que estas propiedades se transfieren de un anillo de coeficientes a un álgebra cuántica o extensión PBW torcida sobre este anillo. De esta manera generalizamos diversos resultados establecidos en la literatura, y los ampliamos a álgebras antes no estudiadas. Ilustramos nuestros resultados con ejemplos destacados de la física teórica.

The advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT) has transfigured the overlay of the physical world by superimposing digital information in various sectors, including smart cities, industry, healthcare, etc. Among the various shared information, visual data are an insensible part of smart cities, especially in healthcare. As a result, visual-IoT research is gathering momentum. In visual-IoT, visual sensors, such as cameras, collect critical multimedia information about industries, healthcare, shopping, autonomous vehicles, crowd management, etc. In healthcare, patient-related data are captured and then transmitted via insecure transmission lines. The security of this data are of paramount importance. Besides the fact that visual data requires a large bandwidth, the gap between communication and computation is an additional challenge for visual IoT system development. In this paper, we present SVIoT, a Secure Visual-IoT framework, which addresses the issues of both data security and resource constraints in IoT-based healthcare. This was achieved by proposing a novel reversible data hiding (RDH) scheme based on One Dimensional Neighborhood Mean Interpolation (ODNMI). The use of ODNMI reduces the computational complexity and storage/bandwidth requirements by 50 percent. We upscaled the original image from M × N to M ± 2N, dissimilar to conventional interpolation methods, wherein images are upscaled to 2M × 2N. We made use of an innovative mechanism, Left Data Shifting (LDS), before embedding data in the cover image. Before embedding the data, we encrypted it using an AES-128 encryption algorithm to offer additional security. The use of LDS ensures better perceptual quality at a relatively high payload. We achieved an average PSNR of 43 dB for a payload of 1.5 bpp (bits per pixel). In addition, we embedded a fragile watermark in the cover image to ensure authentication of the received content.

This paper proposes a reversible image processing method for color images that can independently improve saturation and enhance brightness contrast. Image processing techniques have been popularly used to obtain desired images. The existing techniques generally do not consider reversibility. Recently, many reversible image processing methods have been widely researched. Most of the previous studies have investigated reversible contrast enhancement for grayscale images based on data hiding techniques. When these techniques are simply applied to color images, hue distortion occurs. Several efficient methods have been studied for color images, but they could not guarantee complete reversibility. We previously proposed a new method that reversibly controls not only the brightness contrast, but also saturation. However, this method cannot fully control them independently. To tackle this issue, we extend our previous work without losing its advantages. The proposed method uses the HSV cone model, while our previous method uses the HSV cylinder model. The experimental results demonstrate that our method flexibly controls saturation and brightness contrast reversibly and independently.

To develop new potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibitors from chalcone-thioethers, eleven chalcones-thioethers were synthesized and their monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition, kinetics, reversibility, and cytotoxicity of lead compounds were analyzed. Molecular dynamics were carried out to investigate the interactions. Compound TM8 showed potent inhibitory activity against MAO-B, with an IC50 value of 0.010 µM, followed by TM1, TM2, TM7, and TM10 (IC50 = 0.017, 0.021, 0.023, and 0.026 µM, respectively). Interestingly, TM8 had an extremely high selectivity index (SI, 4860) for MAO-B. Reversibility and kinetic experiments showed that TM8 and TM1 were reversible and competitive inhibitors of MAO-B with Ki values of 0.0031 ± 0.0013 and 0.011± 0.001 µM, respectively. Both TM1 and TM8 were non-toxic to Vero cells with IC50 values of 241.8 and 116.3 µg/mL (i.e., 947.7 and 402.4 µM), respectively, and at these IC50 values, both significantly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. TM1 and TM8 showed high blood-brain barrier permeabilities in the parallel artificial membrane permeability assay. Molecular dynamics studies were conducted to investigate interactions between TM1 and TM8 and the active site of MAO-B. Conclusively, TM8 and TM1 are potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibitors with little toxicity and good ROS scavenging abilities and it is suggested that both are attractive prospective candidates for the treatment of neurological disorders.

Originally conceived as a thought experiment, an apparatus consisting of two Stern–Gerlach apparatuses joined in an inverted manner touched on the fundamental question of the reversibility of evolution in quantum mechanics. Theoretical analysis showed that uniting the two partial beams requires an extreme level of experimental control, making the proposal in its original form unrealizable in practice. In this work, we revisit the above question in a numerical study concerning the possibility of partial-beam recombination in a spin-coherent manner. Using the Suzuki–Trotter numerical method of wave propagation and a configurable, approximation-free magnetic field, a simulation of a transversal Stern–Gerlach interferometer under ideal conditions is performed. The result confirms what has long been hinted at by theoretical analyses: the transversal Stern–Gerlach interferometer quantum dynamics is fundamentally irreversible even when perfect control of the associated magnetic fields and beams is assumed.

Controlled and reversible anisotropic self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) is achieved by ligand exchange with concentrations of ligand below that needed for their complete capping, that is, using substoichiometric ligand coverages. A thoughtful rationale of the ligand chemical structure and control over exchange conditions have been pursued to foster a reversible process grounded on the cooperative balance between attractive, and repulsive interactions. The gradual replacement of the electrostatic and steric repulsions between the GNPs with attractive dipolar interactions and enhanced steric repulsions is accomplished by ligand exchange with an oligo (ethylene glycol) alkanethiol. The modulation of interparticle interactions is driven by the extent of ligand substitution and allows the reversible assembly of nanoparticles and tuning of their optical properties.

A variational Lagrangian formulation for stochastic processes and for the evolution equations of the associated probability density functions is developed. Particular attention is dedicated to Poisson–Kac processes possessing finite propagation velocity. The variational formulation in terms of Lagrangian and Hamiltonian densities permits to address different forms of “reversibility” characterizing these processes with respect to processes driven by nowhere differentiable Wiener fluctuations, and associated with the concepts of dynamic and statistical reversibility. The latter property, i.e. the statistical reversibility, implies that the extended Markov operator associated with Poisson–Kac and Generalized Poisson–Kac processes forms a group, continuously parametrized with respect to time.

The Time Warp synchronization protocol for Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) is universally considered a viable solution to exploit the intrinsic simulation model parallelism and to provide model execution speedup. Yet it leads the PDES system to execute events in an order that may generate causal inconsistencies that need to be recovered via rollback , which requires restoration of a previous (consistent) simulation state whenever a causality violation is detected. The rollback operation is so critical for the performance of a Time Warp system that it has been extensively studied in the literature for decades to find approaches suitable to optimize it. The proposed solutions can be roughly classified as based on either checkpointing or reverse computing . In this article, we explore the practical design and implementation of a fully new approach based on the runtime generation of so-called undo code blocks , which are blocks of instructions implementing the reverse memory side effects generated by the forward execution of the events. However, this is not done by recomputing the original values to be restored, as instead it occurs in reverse computing schemes. Hence, the philosophy undo code blocks rely on is similar in spirit to that of undo-logs (as a form of checkpointing). Nevertheless, they are not data logs (as instead checkpoints are); rather, they are logs of instructions. Our proposal is fully transparent, thanks to the reliance on static software instrumentation (targeting the x86 architecture and Linux systems). Also, as we show, it can be combined with classical checkpointing to further improve the runtime behavior of the state recoverability support as a function of the workload. We also present experimental results related to our implementation, which is released as free software and fully integrated into the open source ROOT-Sim package. Experimental data support the viability and effectiveness of our proposal.

El dibujo de arquitectura, en tanto que parte de un medio de comunicación [Sainz 1990, p. 26], puede ser entendido como el significante que contiene o remite a una serie de imágenes e ideas que le sirven de referente y que han sido, en cualquier caso, organizadas por el autor del mismo. Esta relación no será por definición unívoca sino que, aunque siguiendo diferentes grados de ambigüedad, deberá construirse, de nuevo y cada vez, para cada lector. La interpretación de dicho significante, que marcará la manera en la que lo veremos [Wittgenstein 1958], supondrá un ejercicio mental imprescindible durante el análisis de lo gráfico y estará directamente relacionado con el proceso del dibujar que se haya llevado a cabo y que, en cualquier caso, siempre requiere de la temporalidad. El presente trabajo de investigación parte de la hipótesis de que el lector debe realizar un ejercicio casi tan importante como el autor durante un proceso que, como tal, implica al tiempo y, además, requiere de la reversibilidad para su consecución. Partiendo de dicha idea se analiza la relación (y, por tanto, la distancia existente) entre el ojo que lee y la mano que dibuja. El planteamiento teórico se acompaña de ejemplos prácticos mediante los que ayudar a comprender el método desarrollado, fundamentado en la reversibilidad como herramienta de construcción de la imagen gráfica. Es dicho viaje “al revés” [Klee 1976, p. 60] mediante el que somos capaces de terminar analizando, poniendo en valor y, en definitiva, construyendo el criterio gráfico con el que evaluar el dibujo de arquitectura. Architectural drawing, as part of a communication media [Sainz 1990, p. 26], can be understood as the signifier that contains or refers to a series of images and ideas that serve as a reference and have been, in any case, organized by its author. This relationship will not be by definition unambiguous but, although following different degrees of ambiguity, it must be constructed, again and every time, for each reader. The interpretation of this signifier, which will define the way in which we will see it [Wittgenstein 1958], will be an essential mental exercise during the analysis of the graphic and will be directly related to the drawing process that has been carried out and which, in In any case, it always requires temporality. The current research work starts from the hypothesis that the reader must carry out an exercise almost as important as the author during a process that, as such, involves time and, in addition, requires reversibility for its achievement. Based on this idea, the relationship (and therefore the distance) between the eye that reads and the hand that draws is analyzed. The theoretical approach is accompanied by practical examples through which to help understand the developed method, based on reversibility as a construction tool for the graphic image. It is this trip ‘backwards’ [Klee 1976, p. 60] through which we are able to end by analyzing, highlighting and, ultimately, constructing the graphic criteria with which to evaluate the architectural drawing. El presente trabajo se desarrolla como parte de un proyecto I+D+I titulado “La representación del tiempo en la expresión gráfica”, con referencia proyecto-emergente-GRE18-10 y financiado, en pública concurrencia, por el Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento de la Universidad de Alicante.

This dataset contains complete lists of all one-dimensional reversible number-conserving k-ary cellular automata with radius one of up to 7 states, i.e. with state sets {0,1}, {0,1,2}, {0,1,2,3}, {0,1,2,3,4}, {0,1,2,3,4,5} and {0,1,2,3,4,5,6}.