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1. Experimental results from the TFTR tokamak

Author

P. H. LaMarche, D. R. Mikkelsen, S. D. Scott, S. von Goeler, M. C. Zarnstorff, H.W. Kugel, Dennis M. Manos, C. H. Ma, D. L. Hillis, J. D. Bell, R. J. Hawryluk, S. S. Medley, F.P. Boody, N. Bretz, David W. Johnson, M. Shimada, R. Weiland, Robert Budny, Dale Meade, K. M. Young, G. L. Schmidt, S. Yoshikawa, Sydney Cohen, R. J. Colchin, R. Kaita, R. Groebner, M. McCarthy, H. W. Hendel, Einar Hinnov, S. L. Davis, J. Coonrod, M. H. Redi, L. C. Emerson, W. R. Blanchard, M. Ulrickson, E. Nieschmidt, R. Kamperschroer, B. Prichard, D. Dimock, S. L. Milora, J. B. Wilgen, George W. Taylor, H.P. Eubank, M. G. Bell, V. K. Pare, Hyeon K. Park, L. R. Grisham, A. C. England, J.F. Schivell, Robert James Goldston, J. E. Simpkins, D. Mueller, D. K. Mansfield, P. C. Efthimion, Joseph L. Cecchi, J. Sinnis, A. L. Roquemore, B. Grek, H. F. Dylla, David A Rasmussen, K. McGuire, R. T. McCann, W. Morris, C. E. Bush, R. Little, M. Williams, D. C. McCune, C. E. Thomas, L. C. Johnson, Brentley Stratton, D. K. Owens, J. D. Callen, H. H. Towner, H. Hsuan, K. W. Hill, E.D. Fredrickson, V. Arunasalam, S. Sesnic, K. L. Wong, F. Stauffer, R. A. Hulse, S.K. Combs, R. J. Fonck, S. Hiroe, Stanley Kaye, M. Murakami, G. D. Tait, S. J. Zweben, Manfred Bitter, A. T. Ramsey, N. R. Sauthoff, and S. J. Kilpatrick

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Tokamak, Materials science, Deuterium, law, Electric heating, Plasma, Atomic physics, Joule heating, Ohmic contact, Beam (structure), law.invention, Ion
Abstract

Recent experiments on TFTR have extended the operating regime of TFTR in both ohmic- and neutral-beam -heated discharges. The TFTR tokamak has reached its original machine-design specifications ( I p = 2.5 MA and B T = 5.2 T). Initial neutral-beam -heating experiments used up to 6.3 MW of deuterium beams. With the recent installation of two additional beamlines, the power has been increased up to 11 MW. A deuterium pellet injector was used to increase the central density to 2.5 x 10 20 m -3 in high-current discharges. At the opposite extreme, by operating at low plasm a current ( I p ~ 0.8 MA) and low density ( n e~ 1 x 10 19 m -3 ), high ion temperatures (9 + 2 keV) and rotation speeds (7 x 10 5 m s -1 ) have been achieved during injection. In addition, plasma-compression experiments have demonstrated acceleration of beam ions from 82 to 150 keV, in accord with expectations. The wide operating range of TFTR, together with an extensive set of diagnostics and a flexible control system, has facilitated transport and scaling studies of both ohmic- and neutral-beam -heated discharges. The result of these confinement studies are presented.

Published
1987
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2. TFTR confinement results

Author

P. C. Efthimion, R. J. Fonck, Joseph L. Cecchi, G. D. Tait, S. J. Zweben, S. D. Scott, E.D. Fredrickson, G. L. Schmidt, M. C. Zarnstorff, H.W. Kugel, S. Hiroe, V. Arunsalam, J. Sinnis, H. F. Dylla, Robert James Goldston, E. Nieschmidt, F. Stauffer, K. McGuire, David W. Johnson, S. L. Milora, N. Bretz, Stanley Kaye, S. Sesnic, R. M. Wieland, J. B. Wilgen, B. Grek, S. Yoshikawa, Hyeon K. Park, J. E. Simpkins, J.F. Schivell, Samuel Cohen, R. T. McCann, G. Taylor, D. Mueller, K. L. Wong, Dale Meade, R. J. Hawryluk, M. McCarthy, S. L. Davis, S. S. Medley, Einar Hinnov, R. Little, A. T. Ramsey, J. Coonrod, F.P. Boody, K. M. Young, A. C. England, Brentley Stratton, N. R. Sauthoff, R. A. Hulse, L. C. Johnson, Manfred Bitter, D. K. Owens, D. K. Mansfield, A. L. Roquemore, H.P. Eubank, M. H. Redi, M. Shimada, H. H. Towner, S.K. Combs, W. R. Blanchard, M. Ulrickson, P. H. LaMarche, D. R. Mikkelsen, W. Morris, C. E. Bush, D. C. McCune, L. R. Grisham, M. Williams, B. Prichard, S. J. Kilpatrick, Dennis M. Manos, D. Dimock, R. Kaita, J. D. Callen, H. Hsuan, S. von Goeler, W. W. Heidbrink, R. J. Colchin, H. W. Hendel, R. Kamperschroer, M. G. Bell, V. K. Pare, K. W. Hill, and Robert Budny

Subjects
Range (particle radiation), Materials science, Toroid, Pellets, Plasma, Condensed Matter Physics, Acceleration voltage, Neutral beam injection, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Physics::Space Physics, Limiter, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The characteristics of plasma operation on the axisymmetric inner toroidal limiter in TFTR are described. After conditioning, plasmas with low metal content and low zeff are obtained with this limiter. There is no substantial increase in zeff with total input power during neutral beam injection. Compared to operation on the outer blade limiter, additional gas is required to fuel plasmas on the inner limiter. Injection of D pellets increased the plasma density substantially and produced energy confinement times up to 0.5 s in ohmically heated plasmas. The four neutral beam lines have injected up to 13.5 MW total power into the plasma for 0.5 s with up to 90 kV accelerating voltage. The scaling of the plasma stored energy was studied as a function of the input power, plasma current and plasma density. In the range 1.4 to 2.2 MA, the overall and incremental confinement times for both the total and thermal stored energies increase with plasma current at fixed density. There appears to be a weak negative scaling of the total stored energy with density at high injection power.

Published
1986
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3. High power neutral beam heating experiments on TFTR with balanced and unbalanced momemtum input

Author

Einar Hinnov, Toshio Hirayama, G. Taylor, David W. Johnson, C. Stratton, Dale Meade, P. H. LaMarche, D. R. Mikkelsen, Dennis M. Manos, K. L. Wong, R. Little, J. Timberlake, C. E. Bush, K. Hattori, G. L. Schmidt, A. L. Roquemore, R. J. Knize, Hyeon K. Park, R. A. Hulse, F. J. Stauffer, L. C. Johnson, P.H. Rutherford, R. Kamperschroer, J. Rice, R. J. Hawryluk, S. S. Medley, J. D. Strachan, D. K. Owens, H. H. Towner, R. Kaita, Harold P. Furth, V. Arunasalam, J. Sinnis, H. F. Dylla, K. M. Young, E. B. Nieschmidt, Takeo Nishitani, D. K. Mansfield, K. P. Jaehnig, M. H. Redi, S. D. Scott, M. G. Bell, R. B. Howell, M. Williams, Robert James Goldston, S. von Goeler, W. Morris, D. Dimock, J.F. Schivell, M. C. Zarnstorff, M. Ulrickson, H.W. Kugel, E.D. Fredrickson, G. Gammel, A. T. Ramsey, D. H. McNeill, H. Hsuan, B. LeBlanc, L. R. Grisham, R. J. Fonck, K. W. Hill, Robert Budny, P. C. Efthimion, N. Bretz, Manfred Bitter, K. McGuire, S. J. Kilpatrick, B. Grek, H. W. Hendel, G. Schilling, D. Mueller, F. C. Jobes, S. McDermott, D.L. Jassby, S. Bosch, R. M. Wieland, T. Saito, G. D. Tait, Yuichi Takase, S. J. Zweben, Gregory W. Hammett, and S. Yoshikawa

Subjects
Physics, Momentum, Toroid, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics::Plasma Physics, Plasma parameters, Limiter, Constant current, Plasma, Atomic physics, Condensed Matter Physics, Beam (structure), Ion
Abstract

New long-pulse ion sources have been employed to extend the neutral beam pulse on TFTR from 0.5 sec to 2.0 sec. This made it possible to study the long-term evolution of supershots at constant current and to perform experiments in which the plasma current was ramped up during the heating pulse. Experiments were conducted with co and counter injection as well as with nearly balanced injection of deuterium beams up to a total power of 20 MW. The best results, i.e., central ion temperatures Tio > 25 keV and neo τE Tio values of 3 × 1020 keV sec m-3, were obtained with nearly balanced injection. The central toroidal plasma rotation velocity scales in a linear-offset fashion with beam power and density. The scaling of the inferred global momentum confinement time with plasma parameters is inconsistent with the predictions of the neoclassical theory of gyroviscous damping. An interesting plasma regime with properties similar to the H-mode has been observed for limiter plasmas with edge qa just above 3 and 2.5.

Published
1987
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