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Background: A flap is a unit of tissue that is transferred from donor site to recipient site while maintaining its own blood supply. Flaps are of various shapes and forms. They can be simple advancements of skin and range up to composites of many different types of tissue. Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease where there is significant elevation of blood glucose level from the normal range for prolonged periods of time. The common signs and symptoms are, frequent urination, increased thirst, increased appetite, lethargy, infections, delayed healing of wounds. The complications of surgical procedures on diabetic patients are: delayed healing, wound dehiscence and decreased immunity, thus increased incidence of infection in the surgical site. Complications of intra-oral surgical procedures include delayed healing, wound dehiscence, bone loss, periodontal derangement of teeth, infection, xerostomia causing more caries, failure of flap due to decreased vascularity. Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to answer whether Envelope Flap is better than Triangular Flap or vice versa for a mandibular 3rd molar surgery. To examine the complications of choosing a specific flap design in a minor oral surgery in patients with higher susceptibility to infection due to systemic condition, which is controlled Diabetes Mellitus. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 20 patients, who were taken from the out-patient of Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital, Chennai. On one side which was picked randomly for all patients, the Triangular flap was used. On the other side, the Envelope flap was used. Conclusion: The statistical analysis P value > 0.05, which shows that the difference in post operative healing between the two flaps discussed is statistically insignificant. Thus, statistically both flaps are a viable option and both show similar results, although clinically envelope flap shows better overall results.

The present study deals with the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Canavalia gladiata. Antioxidant activity by nitric oxide and DPPH methods reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows good results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum percentage of inhibition when compared to the standard drug (Ascorbic acid).Antioxidants help to neutralize free radicals, which are unstable molecules that are linked to the development of a number of degenerative diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disesase, cognitive impairment immune dysfunction, cataract and macular degeneration. Antibacterial activity by Agar well diffusion method reveals that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows better results when compared to the aqueous extract. It indicates that methanol extract of Canavalia gladiata shows maximum zone of inhibition when compared to the the standard drug (chloramphenicol).

Facial recognition systems use advanced computing to capture facial information and compare the same with proprietary databases for validation. The emergence of data capturing intermediaries and open access image repositories have compounded the need for a holistic perspective for handling the privacy and security challenges associated with FRS. The study presents the results of a bibliometric analysis conducted on the topic of privacy, ethical and security aspects of FRS. This study presents the level of academic discussion on the topic using bibliometric performance analysis. The results of the bibliographic coupling analysis to identify the research hotspots are also presented. The results also include the systematic literature review of 148 publications that are distributed across seven themes. Both the bibliometric and systematic analysis showed that privacy and security in FRS requires a holistic perspective that cuts across privacy, ethical, security, legal, policy and technological aspects.

Cervical cancer imposes a huge global burden. Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common and feared diseases of women, and in India, it accounts for 16 per cent of total cervical cancer cases occurring globally. The situation is more alarming in the rural areas where the majority of women are illiterate and ignorant about the hazards of cervical cancer. To date, various studies have been conducted on the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. Accumulated evidence has demonstrated the reasons by which HPV infection causes carcinogenesis. Two viral oncoproteins E6 and E7could play a key role in the HPV-infected cervical cancers. It has been documented that not all integrations necessarily depend on the E6 and E7 oncogenes expression. Currently, clinical treatment managements for cervical cancer typically include surgery, radiotherapy, and platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment for early stage disease often is surgical therapy such as cervical conisation, total simple hysterectomy, or radical hysterectomy based on extent of spread of cervical cancer. In the recent years, a series of systemic treatments, for instance, the platinum-based chemotherapy and the recent FDA approved pembrolizumab, have applied for recurrent and advanced cervical cancer. Although screening and advanced therapeutic strategies have improved the survival rate of cervical cancer, some patients still die due to metastasis and drug resistance. Without a doubt, HPV vaccination could pre-vent the development of cervical cancer; however, many patients’ in underdeveloped countries cannot get HPV vaccination due to economic condition. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence, mortality, and geographical distribution of cervical cancer and its risk factors in the world and study the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer development and progression, to discover the novel molecular diagnostic methods and systemic management for cervical cancer. The findings of this study demonstrated that several factors including sexually transmitted infections, reproductive factors, hormonal influences, genetics and host factors are responsible for the incidence of cervical cancer. The results of this review study suggested that combination of biological, economic and health factors contributes to the incidence of cervical cancer. A large proportion cervical cancer can be prevented by prevention programs, lifestyle enhancement, smoking cessation, and timely and effective treatment of pre-cancerous lesions.

The Sand Casting Process And The Different Methods Used To Cast The Metals Are The Subjects Of This Paper. Casting Is A Manufacturing Process For Creating Complex Material Shapes. A Large Classification Is Needed To Understand The Metals Used By Researches, Why They Were Used, And What The Most Commonly Used Metal For Their Research Is. We Studied And Understanded The Various Types Of Sand Casting Processes Used By The Researchers In This Review Paper. And We Categorized And Graded All The Papers We Reviewed And Classified Based On Their Respective Study Areas And Material Use.

Nowadays energy demand is increasing speedily because of a rise in increase and way of the individuals. This leads to more issues in electricity distribution. In order to avoid such issues, a home energy management system (HEMS) has been introduced. HEMS represent the locations where energy is wasted in the homes and utilization of energy in a better way. A HEMS considers both energy generation and utilization and also provides two-way communications between the distribution centre and consumer. This paper displays a writing survey of the home vitality the board framework (HEMS). This review paper basically deliberates upon research papers related to the HEMS for different conditions and cases depending upon different climate conditions, different appliances, different controllers with algorithms, different home occupants and their living styles.

Introduction: Intracranial Complications (ICC) in patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media-Atticoantral Disease (CSOMAAD) is a life threatening disease. Knowing the microbiological profile of the causative organisms will help in selecting empiric antibiotic. Aim: To determine the demographic pattern and clinical presentation of patients with CSOM-AAD presenting with ICC, and to assess the microbiological profile of causative organisms. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study, where medical records of all patients diagnosed with CSOM-AAD and ICC, in a tertiary teaching hospital, Manipal, Karnataka, India, between July 2012 and June 2018 were reviewed. The data regarding demographics, clinical and audiological evaluation, microbiological reports were analysed. Data was entered into Microsoft Excel sheet 2010 and was calculated as mean, median and percentages. Results: Out of total 244 patients with CSOM-AAD, 15 presented with ICC. The age range was between 17 to 41 years (median age-21years). The most common complaint was headache, n=11 (73%) and the most common complication was intracranial abscess, n=10 (67%). In three cases, sampling from different sites isolated different organisms and hence a total of 20 samples (11 from ear swab, six from abscess drained pus, two from cerebrospinal fluid and one from blood culture) were analysed. Gram Negative Bacilli (GNB) were isolated most of the times, n=10 (50%) followed by Gram Positive Cocci (GPC), n=6 (30%) and anaerobes, n=2 (10%). Most of the isolated GNB and GPC were susceptible to carbapenem and vancomycin, respectively. Conclusion: Intracranial complications are usually seen in young adults, and they present with headache, fever and ear discharge. Majority of the complications are caused by GNB. Vancomycin and carbapenem provide empiric cover for GPC and GNB, respectively

To determine Ethnic differences in the frequency of the relatively common anatomical variants along with difference in anatomy of sinonasal region with surgical importance. A study was conducted to determine the frequency of anatomical variants, volumes of paranasal sinuses using computed tomography and to identify any difference between Group A consisting of people of Indian subcontinent and Group B consisting of people from north east Asian region. Volumetric analysis done using cumulative of area multiplied by slice thickness. The results were compared using Chi square test, p value

Rohini Balakrishnan is a Professor at the Indian Institute of Science, where she investigates animal communication and bioacoustics. After her undergraduate degree in Biology at Mount Carmel College, Bangalore, she completed a Master's degree in Zoology at the University of Pune, India, and a PhD in neurogenetics at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, before undertaking postdoctoral research at McGill University, Canada, and the University of Erlangen, Germany. Telling us about her research experiences in the Kudremukh National Park, India, Rohini Balakrishnan reflects on working with crickets, bushcrickets, bats and elephants, explaining how these animals communicate against loud background noise and why silent female bushcrickets are more vulnerable to bat predation than noisy males.

Nanomaterial research has gained importance over the past two decades due to its prospective applications in human life, especially for high performance analytical and medical devices. Nanoparticles made from various organic and inorganic sources continue to play a significant role in the development and usage of these medical devices. The size, shape, surface chemistry as well as surface area to volume ratio help determine the performance of the device they are incorporated into. Therefore, proper knowledge of their physiochemical properties are required to understand their compatibility with other materials or composites. Without characterization techniques, all the necessary information related to the properties of the nanoparticles cannot be obtained. There have been multiple characterization techniques used within the past two decades, with a certain few remaining popular throughout. This chapter will provide a comprehensive account of several popular characterization techniques as well as recent advances utilized for high performance analytical and medical devices. Also discussed in detail are the basic principles and common operational procedures of those techniques.

As part of a longitudinal project to integrate career development supports into a biosystems engineering classroom, students engaged in a LEGO© Serious Play workshop and wrote reflections on their experiences. This workshop provided opportunities for teambuilding and deliberations on what constitutes a strong team. A constructivist grounded theory analysis of students’ reflections was conducted. Through this analysis, a preliminary theme of Perceptions of Engineering Skill emerged, with three subthemes of the necessity of teamwork and communication to engineering; the vulnerability in making interpersonal connection; and the explicit connection of engineering to creativity. These skills can be conceptualized within the CEAB graduate attributes and theorized within the systems theory framework (STF) of career development, which positions the students’ skill development within the larger context of their career. Ultimately, the preliminary findings of this study provide a starting point for further analysis, and for the development of an interview protocol for the longitudinal study this project sits within, with the overarching goal to investigate the impact of career supports and process of career development in a professional degree program.

With the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies, Blockchain systems have found a new audience within the business environment. The decentralized ledger technology that allows the creation of verifiable transactions has extraordinary applications within business. In this paper the authors have attempted to identify the core benefits of using Blockchain technology to improve Supply Chain Management (SCM). With industry 4.0 transformation in its preliminary stages, a discussion on how Blockchain systems can benefit SCM is important. Like any other information system, Blockchain implementation is not just limited to infrastructure changes but also requires organisational wide changes to reap the benefits of the new system. The inherent technological issues associated with Blockchain are preventing many organizations from adopting Blockchain systems at a large scale. The authors have presented a model to guide the implementation of the Blockchain based systems using the industry accepted Capability Maturity Model (CMM) as the reference.

Additional file 1. Questionnaire.

Purpose The main purpose of the study is to explore the auditory selective attention abilities (using event-related potentials) and the neuronal oscillatory activity in the default mode network sites (using electroencephalogram [EEG]) in individuals with tinnitus. Method Auditory selective attention was measured using P300, and the resting state EEG was assessed using the default mode function analysis. Ten individuals with continuous and bothersome tinnitus along with 10 age- and gender-matched control participants underwent event-related potential testing and 5 min of EEG recording (at wakeful rest). Results Individuals with tinnitus were observed to have larger N1 and P3 amplitudes along with prolonged P3 latency. The default mode function analysis revealed no significant oscillatory differences between the groups. Conclusion The current study shows changes in both the early sensory and late cognitive components of auditory processing. The change in the P3 component is suggestive of selective auditory attention deficit, and the sensory component (N1) suggests an altered bottom-up processing in individuals with tinnitus.

The COSMO-RS model was used to screen potential ionic liquids for the separation of aqueous azeotropic mixtures 1-propanol + water and 2-propanol + water. A combination of 22 cations (involving imi...

The effect of the ionic liquid tetramethylammonium chloride [TMACl] on the vapor–liquid equilibrium of n-propanol + water and isopropanol + water was studied experimentally. The ionic liquid [TMACl] was identified as a suitable entrainer for breaking the azeotrope of these two alcohol–water mixtures. This work reports the influence of an ammonium-based ionic liquid on the separation of azeotropic mixtures. The isobaric vapor liquid equilibrium data of n-propanol + water + [TMACl] and isopropanol + water + [TMACl] were measured at atmospheric pressure. The amount of [TMACl] required for eliminating the azeotrope for both the systems was found to be low compared to imidazolium ionic liquids reported earlier. For n-propanol + water system, the azeotrope was eliminated at [TMACl] mole fraction of 0.05, and for isopropanol + water system, the azeotrope was eliminated at a mole fraction of 0.026. The effect of [TMACl] on both the alcohol–water systems was explained in terms of relative volatility and activity c...

8 years boy, a case of dilated cardiomyopathy with severe biventricular dysfunction awaiting heart transplantation, sustained cardiac arrest. He was initiated on central ECMO, stabilised and then heart transplantation was performed. In the immediate post-transplant period he hemodynamically worsened; peripheral VA ECMO was inititated and he was stabilised. Later he developed cardiac arrest again with ST changes, dilated RV and free TR. Graft rejection was suspected and treatment initiated. Coronary angiography revealed significant CAD and ad hoc PTCA of RCA and LAD was performed. Patient hemodynamically deteriorated due to acute stent thrombosis of RCA after PTCA. RCA was revascularized; peripheral VA ECMO was established again and patient was successfully revived.

The light propagation in milk based on experimental and theoretical analysis is reviewed. The review is done on light propagation theory which consists of light absorbance, reflection, and scattering. The study covers on types of milk, milk quality and modelling methods based on Mie scattering and Monte Carlo algorithm. The experiments consist of spectrometry methods where visible (VIS) and near infra-red (NIR) are used. Many spectrometry experiments and theoretical modelling are discussed to observe and analyse optical properties of milk.

One of the most devastating complications of continuous flow left ventricular devices (CFLVADS) is stroke, with a higher incidence in HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) as compared with HEARTMATE II. The reason for the observed difference in stroke rates is unclear. Because outflow graft diameters are different, we hypothesized that this could contribute to the difference in stroke rates. A computational fluid-structure interaction model was created from the computed tomography (CT) scan of a patient. Pressures were used as the boundary condition and the flow through the cerebral vessels was derived as outputs. Flow into the innominate artery was very sensitive to the anastomosis angle for a 10 mm as compared with a 14 mm graft, with the net innominate flow severely compromised with a 10 mm graft at 45° angle. Aortic insufficiency seems to affect cerebral blood flow nonlinearly with an 80% decrease at certain angles of outflow graft anastomosis. Arterial return in to the arch through a narrow graft has important jet effects and results in significant flow perturbations in the aortic arch and cerebral vessels and stasis. A 10 mm graft is more sensitive to angle of insertion than a 14 mm graft. Under some conditions, serious hypoperfusion of the innominate artery is possible. Aortic incompetence results in significant decrease of cerebral blood flow. No stasis was found in the pulsatile flow compared with LVAD flow.

Background: Phonomicrosurgery is a challenging and evolving field. One of the key techniques used for this is micro-flap technique used along with cold micro instruments. Objective: To convey the role of Microflap technique in phonosurgery and the role of basic microlaryngeal instrumnets in such surgery when sophisticated phonomicrosurgical instruments are not available. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 33 patients of benign vocal fold lesions who have undergone phonomicrosurgery using microflap technique from the year January 2011 to January 2016. Majority of these cases were vocal nodules (16cases) followed by Cyst in the vocal cord (10 cases) and 5 cases of polyps. Results: Cases were analyzed using GRBAS scoring and stroboscopic findings. A significant improvement was noted in the voice outcome of these patients except two cases where endoscopic paraglottic fat injection was done along with hyaluronic acid with steroid infiltration into the Reinke’s space, after which there was improvement in voice. Conclusion: Microflap technique for vocal fold lesion is a unique surgical procedure that allows preservation of vocal cord morphology and at the same time prevents post surgical scarring with excellent voice outcome. ThisThis surgery can be performed with good quality regular microsurgical instruments.

The D -eigenvalues μ 1 , μ 2 , … , μ n of a graph G of order n are the eigenvalues of its distance matrix D and form the distance spectrum or D -spectrum of G denoted by S p e c D ( G ) . Let G 1 and G 2 be two regular graphs. The Indu–Bala product of G 1 and G 2 is denoted by G 1 ▾ G 2 and is obtained from two disjoint copies of the join G 1 ∨ G 2 of G 1 and G 2 by joining the corresponding vertices in the two copies of G 2 . In this paper we obtain the distance spectrum of G 1 ▾ G 2 in terms of the adjacency spectra of G 1 and G 2 . We use this result to obtain a new class of distance equienergetic graphs of diameter 3 . We also prove that the class of graphs K n ¯ ▾ K n + 1 ¯ has integral distance spectrum.