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Whether dietary fiber intake could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) is still controversial. The articles related to breast cancer and dietary fiber were retrieved through PubMed and Web of Science database. Summary relative risk (RR) and attributable risk percentage (ARP) for dietary fiber intake on the development of breast cancer were calculated. Dose-response meta-analysis modeled the relationship between dietary fiber intake and breast cancer risk. A total of 10 studies were included in this study. Meta-analysis showed that dietary fiber intake was negatively associated with breast cancer (RR = 0.83). In dose-response analysis, the risk of breast cancer showed a statistically significant linear trend with increasing dietary fiber dose: when adding 10 g per day, the risk decreased by 4.7% (RR = 0.95). The ARP results demonstrated that the breast cancer dietary fiber–attributed percentage was 33.33% in Asia, which was higher than 16.28% in North America and 9.89% in Europe. In conclusion, dietary fiber intake may have a positive effect on reducing breast cancer risk, especially in high doses.

Background Cardiovascular diseases, including diabetic cardiomyopathy, are major causes of death in people with type 2 diabetes. Aldose reductase activity is enhanced in hyperglycemic conditions, leading to altered cardiac energy metabolism and deterioration of cardiac function with adverse remodeling. Because disturbances in cardiac energy metabolism can promote cardiac inefficiency, we hypothesized that aldose reductase inhibition may mitigate diabetic cardiomyopathy via normalization of cardiac energy metabolism. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice (8-week-old) were subjected to experimental type 2 diabetes/diabetic cardiomyopathy (high-fat diet [60% kcal from lard] for 10 weeks with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (75 mg/kg) at 4 weeks), following which animals were randomized to treatment with either vehicle or AT-001, a next-generation aldose reductase inhibitor (40 mg/kg/day) for 3 weeks. At study completion, hearts were perfused in the isolated working mode to assess energy metabolism. Results Aldose reductase inhibition by AT-001 treatment improved diastolic function and cardiac efficiency in mice subjected to experimental type 2 diabetes. This attenuation of diabetic cardiomyopathy was associated with decreased myocardial fatty acid oxidation rates (1.15 ± 0.19 vs 0.5 ± 0.1 µmol min−1 g dry wt−1 in the presence of insulin) but no change in glucose oxidation rates compared to the control group. In addition, cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy were also mitigated via AT-001 treatment in mice with diabetic cardiomyopathy. Conclusions Inhibiting aldose reductase activity ameliorates diastolic dysfunction in mice with experimental type 2 diabetes, which may be due to the decline in myocardial fatty acid oxidation, indicating that treatment with AT-001 may be a novel approach to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy in patients with diabetes.

Southern corn rust (SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora is one of the most devastating diseases in the world. In recent years, SCR has been upgraded from a minor to a major disease around the world, including in China. However, little is known about its population genetics and structure in China. In this study, we analyzed 288 isolates collected from various localities during 2017 in seven Chinese provinces: Guangxi, Guangdong, Anhui, Hunan, Shandong, Henan, and Shaanxi. The isolates were analyzed using nine microsatellite markers. The population structure, genetic diversity, and reproduction mode of P. polysora were investigated based on genotype data. Strong genotypic diversity was detected and clonal reproduction was dominant. The populations collected from the pathogen's winter-reproductive regions harbored more genotypes than those collected from the pathogen's epidemic regions. The spatial differences in genotypic richness, and evenness among the populations were significant, and showed a decreasing trend from south to north. Most isolates were clustered into two clonal groups. Two high-frequency multilocus genotypes (MLGs), MLG1 and MLG2, were widely distributed in all populations. Our analyses confirmed that P. polysora employed clone dispersal from the pathogen's winter-reproductive regions to the pathogen's epidemic regions, and in addition to the sources from the pathogen's winter-reproductive regions, the pathogen in Anhui and Hunan might also have other sources from areas such as Taiwan, China, or/and Southeast Asia, and the pathogen went through a genetic bottleneck during its dispersal. These findings provide initial insights into the reproduction mode and dispersal pathways of P. polysora in China.

The first results on the activation process and mechanisms of novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb non-evaporable getter (NEG) film coatings with copper substrates were presented. About 1.075 µm of Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb NEG film coating was deposited on the copper substrates by using the DC sputtering method. The NEG activation at 100, 150, and 180 °C, respectively, for 2 h was in situ characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-deposited NEG film mainly comprised the high valence state metallic oxides and the sub-oxides, as well as a small number of metals. The in situ XPS studies indicated that the concentrations of the high-oxidized states of Ti, Zr, V, Hf, and Nb gradually decreased and that of the lower valence metallic oxides and metallic states increased in steps, when the activation temperature increased from 100 to 180 °C. This outcome manifested that these novel quinary alloy Ti–Zr–V–Hf–Nb NEG film coatings could be activated and used for producing ultra-high vacuum.

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM) increases mortality and morbidity in type 2 diabetes (T2D) subjects. Increased cardiac aldose reductase (AR) activity has been correlated with impaired cardiac function and less effective energy metabolism in DbCM subjects. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect AT-001, a potent and selective AR inhibitor, on cardiac function, structure, and energy metabolism in diabetic cardiomyopathic mice that overexpress the human AR (hAR-Tg) . The effects of AT-001 were compared to those of dapagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor that decreases the risk of cardiovascular death. DbCM was induced in human AR overexpressing transgenic (hAR-Tg) mice by subjecting them to a high-fat diet (60% kcal from lard) for 10-wk with a single intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection (75 mg/kg) at 4-wk. Male mice were randomized to receive either vehicle, AT-001 (40 mg/kg/day) ,or dapagliflozin (1 mg/kg/day) for the final 3-wk. AT-001 treatment improved diastolic function in vivo (a decrease in the E/e’ ratio and an increase in the E’/A’) and reduced left ventricular mass (LV) mass in DbCM mice compared to vehicle-treated DbCM mice. Cardioprotection by AT-001 was associated with reduced cardiac AR activity, decreased circulating blood sorbitol levels, and a reduction in cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates in the DbCM mice. Treatment with dapagliflozin did not significantly affect either diastolic function or LV mass in DbCM mice. In addition, dapagliflozin did not have a significant effect on cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates. In summary, the present study demonstrates that AT-001 attenuates diastolic dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in DbCM. AT-001-induced cardioprotection is accompanied by reduced cardiac fatty oxidation rates in DbCM. Disclosure Q. G. Karwi: None. R. Ramasamy: Consultant; Applied Therapeutics. J. R. Ussher: None. G. Lopaschuk: None. K. Gopal: None. S. Tabatabaei dakhili: None. C. S. Wagg: None. L. Zhang: None. Q. Sun: None. C. T. Saed: None. S. Panidarapu: None. R. Perfetti: Employee; Applied Therapeutics.

Stripe rust, caused by

Emerging studies examined the association between sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer, however, the dose–response relationship remained unclear. We aim to explore dose–response relationship of sedentary behavior and breast cancer risk based on relevant cohort studies. Online database (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were searched up to March 29, 2019. Overall relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled, and generalized least squares (GLS) method and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relation. Attributable risk proportion (ARP) was used to assess the health hazards of sedentary behavior in different countries. Eight prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis, containing 17 048 breast cancer cases and 426 506 participants. The borderline statistical association was detected between prolonged sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.19). Linear association between sedentary and breast cancer was observed (Pnonlinearity = 0.262), and for 1 h/d increment of sedentary behavior, there was 1% increase of breast cancer risk (RR 1.01, 95% CI1.00–1.02). Similar results were also found between TV viewing and risk of breast cancer (Pnonlinearity = 0.551), with 1 h/day increment of TV viewing daily attributing to 2% increase of breast cancer risk (RR 1.02, 95% CI 1.00–1.04). Moreover, sedentary behavior may statistically increase the risk of breast cancer by 21.6% for Asian countries, 8.26% for North America. Sedentary behavior was validated as a risk factor of breast cancer through dose–response analysis, especially TV viewing.

Aims Alcohol intake has been shown to increase the risk of breast cancer. However, the dose-response analysis of different alcoholic beverages (spirits, wine and beer) is not clear. Our meta-analysis aims to provide a dose-response estimation between different alcohols and breast cancer risk. Methods Search of PubMed and Web of Science and manual searches were conducted up to 1 December 2018, and summary relative risks (RRs) and attributable risk percentage (ARP) for alcohol intake on the development of breast cancer were calculated. Dose-response meta-analysis modeled relationships between drinking type and breast cancer risk. Sources of heterogeneity were explored, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of findings. Results In total, 22 cohort studies and 45,350 breast cancer cases were included. Current drinkers for ER+ had an increased risk compared with never drinkers. In dose-response analysis, there was a statistically significant linear trend with breast cancer risk increasing gradually by total alcohol and wine dose: when adding 10 g per day, the risk increased by 10.5% (RR = 1.10, 95%CI = 1.08–1.13) in total alcohol and 8.9% (RR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.04–1.14) in wine. For postmenopausal women, the risk increases by 11.1% (RR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.09–1.13) with every 10 g of total alcohol increase. Furthermore, the breast cancer alcohol-attributed percentage is higher in Europe than in North America and Asia. Conclusions The effect of drinking on the incidence of breast cancer is mainly manifested in ER+ breast cancer. Quantitative analysis showed total drinking had a significant risk for breast cancer, especially for postmenopausal women. However, for different alcohols, just wine intake has the similar results.

Whether drinking green tea (GT) could reduce the risk of breast cancer (BC) is still controversial. The search was performed using PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases. The generalised least square method and constrained cubic spline model were performed to assess the dose-response trends between GT consumption and BC risk. The attributable risk proportion (ARP) was also calculated. A total of 16 studies were included and the pooled relative risks was 0.86 (95%CI: 0.75-0.99) for BC risk at the highest vs. lowest levels of GT consumption. GT consumption (

The purpose of this article was to assess the existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses for the association between vitamin C intake and multiple health outcomes. A total of 76 meta-analyses (51 papers) of randomised controlled trials and observational studies with 63 unique health outcomes were identified. Dose-response analysis showed that vitamin C intake was associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD), oesophageal cancer, gastric cancer, cervical cancer and lung cancer with an increment of 50-100 mg per day. Beneficial associations were also identified for respiratory, neurological, ophthalmologic, musculoskeletal, renal and dental outcomes. Harmful associations were found for breast cancer and kidney stones for vitamin C supplement intake. The benefits of vitamin C intake outweigh the disadvantages for a range of health outcomes. However, the recommendation of vitamin C supplements needs to be cautious. More prospective studies and well-designed randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed.

To prospectively explore the efficacy ofConsecutive cancer patients who underwentA total of 104 cancer patients were enroled. Total score of quality of life was not statistically different 3 months after seed implantation compared with before implantation, while patients' quality of life was worse one week after seed implantation but then recovered. A total of 43 (41.3%) patients had pain before seed implantation, of which 16 (37.2%) patients had severe pain and 27 (62.8%) had mild-to-moderate pain. In patients with severe pain, the worst pain scores decreased significantly 3 months after implantation. In patients with mild-to-moderate pain, pain severity and pain interference score increased significantly after implantation compared with pre-implantation. Compared with pain before implantation, patients' quality of life of patients without pain was higher.

Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease via contributing and/or triggering significant cellular signaling and metabolic and structural alterations at the level of the heart and the whole body. The main cause of mortality and morbidity in diabetic patients is cardiovascular disease including diabetic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, understanding how diabetes increases the incidence of diabetic cardiomyopathy and how it mediates the major perturbations in cell signaling and energy metabolism should help in the development of therapeutics to prevent these perturbations. One of the significant metabolic alterations in diabetes is a marked increase in cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates and the domination of fatty acids as the major energy source in the heart. This increased reliance of the heart on fatty acids in the diabetic has a negative impact on cardiac function and structure through a number of mechanisms. It also has a detrimental effect on cardiac efficiency and worsens the energy status in diabetes, mainly through inhibiting cardiac glucose oxidation. Furthermore, accelerated cardiac fatty acid oxidation rates in diabetes also make the heart more vulnerable to ischemic injury. In this review, we discuss how cardiac energy metabolism is altered in diabetic cardiomyopathy and the impact of cardiac insulin resistance on the contribution of glucose and fatty acid to overall cardiac ATP production and cardiac efficiency. Furthermore, how diabetes influences the susceptibility of the myocardium to ischemia/reperfusion injury and the role of the changes in glucose and fatty acid oxidation in mediating these effects are also discussed.

The study aimed to analysis the genetic variation of the lncRNA CDKN2B-AS1 SNPs, and explored the regulation of SNPs on the invasion and metastasis of Breast cancer (BC).The SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) was screened for genotyping among 504 Chinese Han patients and 505 controls, which were frequency-matched for age ( ± 2 years). Logistic analysis was to explore the relationship between SNPs and the BC risk. Interactions between SNPs and reproductive factors was explored using the multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method. qRT-PCR was conducted to detect the CDKN2B-AS1 expression in plasma of different rs10965215 and rs2518723 genotypes. The effect of rs10965215 AG mutation on the binding ability of CDKN2B-AS1 and miR-4440 was verified by dual luciferase experiment. CCK-8, scratch and Transwell experiment were performed to explore the effect of miR-4440 over-expression on BC cell proliferation, migration and invasion.A total of 13 SNP was screened. The individuals with SNPs rs2518723CT, rs10965215 AG, rs77792598CG, rs4977753 T C, rs75917766CT and rs78545330CG mutations might increase the BC risk. MDR results revealed that individuals with rs10965215 G genotype who age at menarche≥ 13 and regardless of the number of abortion 2 or ≥ 2 had a higher risk of BC. The relative expression of CDKN2B-AS1 in rs10965215 homozygous wild AA genotype (8.88 ± 3.43) was lower than heterozygous GA (11.08 ± 2.90) and homozygous mutant GG genotype (11.31 ± 2.90). When rs10965215 wild A genotype was carried, there was an interaction between CDKN2B-AS1 and miR-4440. The CCK-8, Transwell, and scratch experiment were all found that miR-4440 over-expression might enhance the proliferation, invasion and migration of BC cells.CDKN2B-AS1 gene polymorphism might be related to the susceptibility of BC, CDKN2B-AS1 rs10965215 A/G genotype probably affect the proliferation, invasion and migration of BC cells by modulating the interactions with of miR-4440.

The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between PCAT1-SNPs and breast cancer (BC) susceptibility. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine the association between PCAT1-SNPs and BC risk. The relative expression of PCAT1 in different genotypes was detected by qRT-PCR. The binding between the genotype of C/T at rs4473999 locus and miR-149-5p was confirmed by dual luciferase gene reporter assays. The proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells with dysregulated expression of miR-149-5p was evaluated by CCK8, Scratch and Transwell assay, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed PCAT1-SNPs was related to the susceptibility of BC that rs117117537 (OR:2.413, 95%CI: 1.057–5.508) and rs4473999 (OR:2.137 95%CI: 1.065–4.286) were risk factors of BC when the menopausal age was ≥ 50; The haplotype Grs1551514Trs1551513Crs4473999Crs9656964Trs17762938Crs7823297Trs785003Trs117117537 may increase the risk of BC (OR:1.614 95%CI: 1.116–2.333), and there was an association between genes and reproductive factors (OR:2.487 95%CI: 1.929–3.206). Preliminary functional studies demonstrated that PCAT1 interacted with miR-149-5p when rs4473999 carried wild type C; In addition, the dysregulated enrichment of miR-149-5p may affect the proliferation, invasion and migration of BC cells. Our study shows that PCAT1 gene polymorphism is related to BC susceptibility, PCAT1-rs4473999 C/T genotype may affect the occurence of BC by modulating the interactions with miR-149-5p.

In recent years, the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in pre-eclampsia (PE) has been demonstrated, while the relevant mechanisms of miR-16 in PE await to be unearthed. Thus, the aim of this study is to explore whether miR-16 exerts its function in PE, and we assumed that miR-16 may be implicated in the occurrence of PE by adjusting the biological functions of trophoblast cells via modulating Notch2. Placental tissues of pregnant women with normal pregnancy and PE were collected to detect the expression of miR-16, Notch2, and Notch3. The effects of miR-16 and Notch2 on the biological functions of BeWo and JEG-3 cells were further determined. Expression of miR-16 and Notch2 in trophoblast cells was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay. Downregulated Notch2 and upregulated miR-16 and Notch3 were found in placental tissues of PE. There was a negative correlation between Notch2 and miR-16 expression (r = -0.769), and a positive correlation between Notch3 and miR-16 expression (r = 0.676; p < .05). Overexpression of miR-16 inhibited proliferation, migration, and invasion, and facilitated the apoptosis of BeWo and JEG-3 cells, but overexpression of Notch2 reversed this trend. Overexpression of miR-16 inhibited Notch2 expression in BeWo and JEG-3 cells, and Notch2 was the target gene of miR-16. Our study highlights that overexpression of miR-16 is involved in PE by regulating the biological functions of trophoblast cells via inhibition of Notch2. This paper provides a new idea for further study of the pathogenesis of PE.

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most important fungal diseases affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of Pst isolates were analyzed using 15 microsatellite markers. Isolates were collected from five wheat cultivars with different levels of resistance from Yanting county and Fucheng district, Mianyang city, Sichuan province, China. The aim of this study was to investigate whether Pst populations are differentiated by wheat genotype or geographic origin. Seventy-six multilocus genotypes (MLGs) were identified from all 289 single uredinial isolates. In general, the genotypic diversity of Pst populations from five wheat cultivars in Fucheng was higher than that in Yanting. In addition, the genetic diversity was highest in the Pst populations from Mianmai 367, a cultivar considered to be highly resistant. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) phylogenetic tree, Bayesian clustering analysis, and minimum spanning network for the MLGs revealed two major genetic clusters based on geographical location. Greater differentiation was observed between the populations from the two sampling locations than between the populations from different hosts in the same location. The results suggest that geographic and environmental differences could partially explain the genetic differentiation of Pst more than wheat genotype. This study provides novel insight into the interactions between Pst populations and their hosts. The results could be helpful in designing more effective management strategies for stripe rust in wheat production.

The water corrosion of tungsten as a target material can affect the safe operation of accelerator-driven neutron source. This paper reported the corrosion behaviors of tungsten in ultrapure water and tap water for 7, 14, 21, 30 and 60 days. Moreover, ICP-MS, XRD, XPS, SEM-EDS and LSCM were used to analyze the components in solutions, crystalline structures, chemical compositions and surface morphologies. It was found that the dissolution of tungsten, due to corrosion, reached its maximum between 30 days and 60 days in both solutions. The cube-shape substance, CaWO4, was the main corrosion product after tungsten in tap water. The tungsten oxide was changed from WO3 to WO2 during the corrosion of tungsten in ultrapure water. Compared with tungsten in ultrapure water, tungsten in tap water had its surface completely destroyed, with a dense diamond shape. Therefore, based on the analysis from this study, the corrosion mechanisms of tungsten in ultrapure and tap water were revealed.

Tm3+ has obvious emission characteristics in the near-infrared band. Thulium ions combined with different organic ligands lead to different fluorescent properties. In the near-infrared region, Tm3+ is a down-conversion fluorescent material that is unstable under high temperature and acidic conditions. Moreover, in those complex environments, the fluorescence from Tm3+ complex is usually degraded. In this work, two kinds of near-infrared fluorescent complexes, Tm(TTA)3phen and Tm(DBM)3phen, were prepared, and the intensity of their fluorescence is compared. The fluorescence intensity at 802 nm is greatly improved compared with Tm(TTA)3phen, and the intensity of the emission at 1235 nm and 1400–1500 nm is also enhanced. Moreover, the emission lifetime of SiO2-Tm(TTA)3phen is 50.38 μs. Tm(TTA)3phen complex and SiO2-Tm(TTA)3phen hybrid materials have better fluorescence than Tm(DBM)3phen and SiO2-Tm(DBM)3phen. Therefore, HTTA is a better choice of organic ligands for Tm3+. The NIR-fluorescent hybrid materials prepared have stronger fluorescence after combining with nano-SiO2compared with pure Tm3+ complexes, and have stronger structural stability compared with pure nano-SiO2.

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) Breast cancer anti-estrogen resistance 4 (BCAR4) has been shown to participate in the biological progress of various cancers including breast cancer. Genetic Polymorphisms in BCAR4 may have an influence on the progress of breast cancer, but it is rarely studied. In our epidemiology study, three tagging SNPs (rs4561483, rs11649623 and rs13334967) in lncRNA BCAR4 were selected for genotyping among 487 breast cancer cases and 489 healthy controls. And quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the relative mRNA expression of BCAR4 in different genotypes of the significant locus rs13334967. We found that BCAR4 rs13334967 is associated with lower breast cancer risk both in codominant model (AT vs AA, OR 0.632, 95% CI 0.429–0.931, TT vs AA, OR 0.731, 95% CI 0.511–0.990) and dominant model (AT + TT vs AA, OR 0.798, 95% CI 0.571–0.970). The further results of qRT-PCR displayed that carriers with rs13334967 AT, TT genotype have lower BCAR4 mRNA expression compared with AA genotype. The research study implied that BCAR4 rs13334967 was correlated with the susceptibility to breast cancer and may impact the mRNA expression of BCAR4. LncRNA BCAR4 may be a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for breast cancer.

Emerging studies examined the association between sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer, however, the dose-response relationship remained unclear. We aim to explore dose-response relationship of sedentary behavior and breast cancer risk based on relevant cohort studies.Online database (PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane Library) were searched up to March 29, 2019. Overall relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were pooled, and generalized least squares (GLS) method and restricted cubic splines were applied to evaluate the linear or nonlinear relation. Attributable risk proportion (ARP) was used to assess the health hazards of sedentary behavior in different countries.Eight prospective studies were included in the meta-analysis, containing 17 048 breast cancer cases and 426 506 participants. The borderline statistical association was detected between prolonged sedentary behavior and risk of breast cancer (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99-1.19). Linear association between sedentary and breast cancer was observed (PSedentary behavior was validated as a risk factor of breast cancer through dose-response analysis, especially TV viewing.

Heavy metal pollution not only poses a serious threat to both animal growth and public health, but also to aquatic life. Mitochondria are the first target sites for a variety of heavy metals, and recently great attention has been made on the mechanisms of toxicity of heavy metals on mitochondria. The underlying molecular mechanisms of heavy metals that may induce abnormal mitochondrial functions combined with different other environmental pollutants in the body reached a certain level, result in stunted growth and development, abnormal physiological and biochemical changes, over expression of genes, altered behavior and series of toxicological effects including inadequate metabolism. The heavy metals alter mitochondrial membrane permeability, generate increased amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), by changing the structure of ROS clearance enzyme (antioxidant enzymes) to inhibit its activity. Due to rapid and increased generation of ROS and decreased status of antioxidant enzymes, different environmental pollutants accumulate in the exposed organisms and lead to induction of oxidative stress on the mitochondria. The increased generation of ROS also causes damage to mitochondrial respiratory chain, oxidative phosphorylation decoupling, ATP synthesis disorders, and mitochondrial apoptosis. This review mainly expounds various molecular mechanisms and progress of mitochondrial functional damage to explore the molecular mechanisms of heavy metal damage to mitochondrial functions, which provides a basis for the treatment of heavy metal poisoning, and protects the animal and animal-derived food safety from the source.

The large difference between in-plane and out-of-plane mechanical properties limits the application of traditional composite honeycombs in submersibles. In this work, the carbon fiber tube reinforced polymer composite (CTPC) which have lightweight characteristic and high hydrostatic strength is designed and manufactured. The combination between epoxy resin and carbon fiber tube inhibits the buckling failure and improves the bearing capacity of the tube. Resin binds carbon fiber tubes and forms a stable stress transmission path between them. The hydrostatic response of the CTPC has been investigated by simulation and test. The measured results show good agreement with the simulation. Due to its high hydrostatic bearing capacity and lightweight, the CTPC can be used as a new type of buoyancy material in submersibles.

A novel anhydrous preparation of silica (SiO2)-encapsulated terbium (Tb3+) complex nanoparticles has been investigated. The SiO2-Tb3+ nanoparticles are incorporated in electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone hybrid nanofibers. Transmission electron microscopy confirms that Tb3+ complexes are uniformly and stably encapsulated in or carried by nanosilica. The influence of pH on the fluorescence of Tb3+ complexes is discussed. The properties, composition, structure, and luminescence of the resulting SiO2–Tb3+ hybrid nanoparticles are investigated in detail. There is an increase in the fluorescence lifetime of SiO2–Tb3+ nanoparticles and SiO2–Tb3+/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) hybrid nanofibers compared with the pure Tb3+ complexes. Due to the enhanced optical properties, the fluorescent hybrid nanofibers have potential applications as photonic and photoluminescent materials.

Owing to their remarkable power conversion efficiencies and thermal stability at high temperature, FAPbI3 solar cells are one of the hot topics in photovoltaic field. However, α-FAPbI3 shows poor phase stability at room temperature that photoactive α-phase will gradually transform to non-photoactive δ-phase, which limits the development of FAPbI3 solar cells. We study the phase change behavior of FAPbI3 films at various temperatures, and find that the phase stability is affected by the sub-cooling degree and atomic migration rate. The phase stability at 80°C is significantly better than the result at 20°C. In contrast to A site or X site doping strategy, we effectively enhance the stability of photoactive α-FAPbI3 by substituting Pb2+ with the Eu2+ on B site, and find that the optical absorption spectrum, lattice diffraction peaks, photoluminescence and other structure and optical characteristics of the doped film samples have been significantly improved, indicating that the B-site doping can effectively improve the stability of the photoelectric active α-phase of FAPbI3. This work provides the new ideas to improve the phase stability of α-FAPbI3.

Tm3+ has obvious emission characteristics in near-infrared band. In the near-infrared region, Tm3+ are converted downward into fluorescent materials that are unstable under high temperature and acidic conditions. Moreover, the fluorescence performance of Tm3+ complex will be reduced in complex environment. In this work, Tm(TTA)3phen complex combined with nano-SiO2 was prepared by an improved sol-gel method, Tm3+ complex was successfully embedded into nano-SiO2 and on the surface of nano-SiO2, resulting in higher composite density of Tm3+ complex and nano-SiO2. Moreover, the SiO2-Tm(TTA)3phen hybrid materials behave quit stronger fluorescence properties compared with pure Tm(TTA)3phen complex and stronger structural stability compare with pure SiO2. The emission peak of SiO2-Tm(TTA)3phen underwent red shift, and fluorescent intensity at 802 nm was significantly enhanced almost 2 times compared with pure complex, and the intensity of 1231 nm and 1400–1500 nm were also enhanced, the emission lifetime of SiO2-Tm(TTA)3phen is 50.38 μs.