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Oriented ligand immobilization is one of the most effective strategies used in the design and construction of a high-capacity protein A chromatography. In this work, cysteine was introduced as anchoring sites by substituting a specific residue on Helix I, II, and at C-terminus of antibody binding domain Z from protein A, respectively, to investigate structural evolution and binding behavior of protein A ligands at liquid-solid interfaces. Among the three affinity dextran-coated Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Dx MNPs), affinity MNPs with the immobilized ligand via N11C on Helix I (Fe3O4@Dx-Z1 MNPs) had the highest helical content, and MNPs with the immobilized ligand via G29C on Helix II (Fe3O4@Dx-Z2 MNPs) had the lowest helical content at the same pHs. It was attributed to less electrostatic attraction of ligand to negatively charged surface on Fe3O4@Dx-Z1 MNPs because of less positive charged residues on Helix I (K6) than Helix II (R27/K35). Among the three affinity MNPs, moreover, the highest affinity to immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding was observed on Fe3O4@Dx-Z1 MNPs in isothermal titration calorimetry measurement, further validating greater structural integrity of the ligand on Fe3O4@Dx-Z1 MNPs. Finally, the study of IgG binding on MNPs and 96-well plates showed that anchoring sites for ligand immobilization had distinct influences on IgG binding and IgG-mediated antigen binding. This work illustrated that anchoring sites of the ligands had a striking significance for the molecular structure of the ligand at liquid-solid interfaces and raised an important implication for the design and optimization of protein A chromatography and protein A-based immunoassay analysis.

To determine if Exendin-4 could be a therapeutic agent for burn-induced hyperglycemia.Male Balb/c mice received a bolus of Exendin-4 intraperitoneally immediately after 15% total body surface area scald injury. Tail glucose levels were recorded and T-cell functions were analyzed at 4 h and 24 h postburn (pb). Pancreatic pathology was observed consecutively. The secretions of cytokines were detected in serum, spleen, and lung. Apoptosis of splenic CD3+ T-cells was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling and flow cytometry.Although Exendin-4 could attenuate burn-induced hyperglycemia in mice at 4 h pb, it accelerated their survival dose dependently with progressive depletion of splenocyte number. T-cell function underwent two-phasic changes following Exendin-4 treatment. Compared to placebo mice, T-cell from Exendin-4-treated mice was manifested with increased proliferation, while decreased IL-2 secretion and lower ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ at 4 h pb. However, at 24 h pb, it showed decreased proliferation, while increased IL-2 secretion and higher ratio of IL-4/IFN-γ. Exendin-4 could elicit higher circulating IL-6 and IL-10 levels at 4 h pb, which were pronounced in the lung at 24 h pb. In the meanwhile, severe inflammation could be found in the pancreas. At 24 h pb, the numbers of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling or caspase-3 positive cells and the apoptosis of CD3+ T-cells were significantly increased in the spleens of Exendin-4 mice relative to placebo mice.These data support a pathogenic role of Exendin-4 signaling during thermal injury, warning against its clinical application in acute insults.

With the development of human genome sequencing and techniques such as intestinal microbial culture and fecal microbial transplantation, newly discovered microorganisms have been isolated, cultured, and researched. Consequently, many beneficial probiotics have emerged as next-generation probiotics (NGPs). Currently, “safety,” “individualized treatment,” and “internal interaction within the flora” are requirements of a potential NGPs. Furthermore, in the complex ecosystem of humans and microbes, it is challenging to identify the relationship between specific strains, specific flora, and hosts to warrant a therapeutic intervention in case of a disease. Thus, this review focuses on the progress made in NGPs and human health research by elucidating the limitations of traditional probiotics; summarizing the functions and strengths of Akkermansia muciniphila, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides fragilis, Eubacterium hallii, and Roseburia spp. as NGPs; and determining the role of their intervention in treatment of certain diseases. Finally, we aim to provide a reference for developing new probiotics in the future.

Previous studies indicated inconsistent results for the treatment effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on attention and memory impairment following stroke.: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on TMS for the treatment of stroke were retrieved from Online databases. Data were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software.: Ten RCTs performed in China were included, with a total of 591 younger post-stroke patients ranging in age from their 40s to their 60s. The meta-analysis indicated that TMS could significantly improve the recovery of cognitive impairment following a stroke, according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score (8 studies, MD = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.44 to 3.95, P0.0001), the Rivermead Behavioral Memory Test (RBMT) score (7 studies, MD =1.74, 95% CI:1.13 to 2.34, P0.00001), and the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) for Activities of Daily Living (3 studies, MD =8.83, 95% CI:5.34 to 12.32, P0.00001). Sub-group analysis of MoCA and RBMT suggested that a low-frequency (1 Hz) stimulation exhibited similar effect with a higher-frequency (10 Hz) treatment.: TMS might effectively improve the attention and memory impairment of stroke patients without increasing side effects. But this effect needs to be verified by more multi-center, high-quality, large-sample, rigorously designed RCTs.

The main alloying elements have a decisive influence on the type and quantity of the second phase of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy, and even on the dissolution of the second phase during solution treatment. The effect of Zn/Mg ratio on second phase dissolution during solution treatment of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys was investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrical conductivity testing. The results showed that Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase and Fe-rich phase existed in the as-deformed alloys. In addition, a small amount of Al2CuMg phase was found in the low and medium Zn/Mg ratio alloy. The number of Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phases as the major second phase in the alloys was inversely proportional to the Zn/Mg ratio. Mg (Zn,Cu,Al)2 phase essentially dissolved into the matrix after solution treatment at 465°C/2h. Increasing the solution temperature and time were both beneficial to the dissolution of the Al2CuMg phase. With the increase of the solution temperature from 465°C to 475°C, the conductivity of the alloy showed a decreasing trend initially and then increased. As the solution time increased at 470°C, the electrical conductivity of the low-Zn/Mg ratio alloy decreased and then increased due to the more secondary phase. After the second phase was fully dissolved in the alloy, the electrical conductivity gradually increased with the increase of the solution time.

This study aims to explore the treatment efficacy of different motor rehabilitation interventions for upper limb impairment recovery.Publications were searched in PubMed and Embase. 4 grouped motor rehabilitation treatments (training, technological intervention, pharmacological intervention, and neuromodulation) were compared. The change of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale for Upper Extremity (FMA-UE) was applied to assess upper limb function after stroke.56 studies including 5292 patients were identified. A significant difference was found among the 4 groups (P = 0.02). Neuromodulation interventions had the best treatment efficacy among the 4 types of interventions (P 0.01). Among neuromodulation interventions, acupuncture, electric, or magnetic intervention all had therapeutic efficacy for stroke upper limb recovery, without significant subgroup difference (P = 0.34). Stroke patients with mild upper limb impairment might not benefit from motor rehabilitation (P = 0.14).Neuromodulation interventions might have the best therapeutic efficacy among motor rehabilitation treatments for upper limb impairment after stroke. It is a potential treatment direction for upper limb recovery among stroke patients. However, since a large proportion of the original studies are low to very low-quality evidence, large-scale RCTs should be conducted in the future to validate current findings and assess treatment effects based on patient characteristics.

Strains Rhodococcus qingshengii djl-6 and Rhodococcus jialingiae djl-6-2 both harbour the typical carbendazim degradation pathway with the hydrolysis of carbendazim to 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AB) as the initial step. However, the enzymes involved in this process are still unknown. In this study, the previous reported carbendazim hydrolase MheI was found in strain djl-6, but not in strain djl-6-2, then another carbendazim hydrolase CbmA was obtained by a four-step purification strategy from strain djl-6-2. CbmA was classified as a member of the amidase signature superfamily with conserved catalytic site residues Ser157, Ser181, and Lys82, while MheI was classified as a member of the Abhydrolase superfamily with conserved catalytic site residues Ser77 and His224. The catalytic efficiency (k

Colorimetric sensors have been widely used for centuries across diverse fields, thanks to their easy operation and uncompromisingly high sensitivity with no need for electricity. However, it is still a great challenge for conventional chromogenic systems to perform multiple measurements meanwhile maintaining high robustness. Here, we reported that carbon nitrides (CNs), the raw materials that are abundant, structure-tunable, and stable semiconductors with photoelectron storage capability, can be developed as a chromogenic system for colorimetric sensors. Beyond conventional metal oxides that only demonstrated a single blue-color switch after photoelectron storage, CN exhibited a multicolor switch under identical conditions owing to the unusual multiple photoelectron storage pathways. Mechanism studies revealed cyano and carbonyl groups in CN crucially elongated the centroid distance of electrons/holes, which exclusively stabilized the specific excited states that have different light absorption; meanwhile, the counter cations strengthened these processes. As a result, O

A well understanding about protein adsorption into charged polymer brushes is of importance in the elucidation of mechanism and important phenomena (such as “chain delivery” effect) in protein adsorption on polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents. In this work, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) was introduced to in situ investigate lysozyme adsorption on QCM sensors grafted with poly(3-sulfopropyl methacrylate) (pSPM) via atom transfer radical polymerization. It was achieved by analyzing frequency (f) and energy dissipation (D) shift simultaneously on pSPM-grafted sensors. The result showed that an initial decrease in ΔD was typical of lysozyme adsorption on pSPM-grafted sensor and more significant with an increase of chain length and grafting density. It was attributed to significant water release in the hydration layer of protein and polymer chains in lysozyme adsorption into pSPM brushes. On pSPM-grafted sensors with long and dense chains, furthermore, lysozyme transitioned from monolayer to multilayer adsorption and the maximum adsorbed amount was obtained to be 374.0 ng·cm-2 among all pSPM-grafted sensors in this work. The results in D-f plot further revealed that lysozyme adsorption into pSPM brushes increased the rigidity of adsorbed layer and little structure adjustment of adsorbed lysozyme. It was unfavorable for “chain delivery” effect for facilitated transport of adsorbed protein. This work provided valuable insight into protein adsorption in pSPM brushes and outlined a feasible approach to increasing mass transport in polymer-grafted ion exchange adsorbents.

Sphingomonas histidinilytica DS-9 is a phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA)-degrading strain. The 1,2-dioxygenase gene cluster ( pcaA1A2A3A4 cluster, encoding dioxygenase PcaA1A2, reductase PcaA3, and ferredoxin PcaA4) is responsible for the initial degradation step of PCA and widely distributed in Sphingomonads, but its regulatory mechanism has not been investigated yet.

Self-adaptability is highly envisioned for artificial devices such as robots with chemical noses. For this goal, seeking catalysts with multiple and modulable reaction pathways is promising but generally hampered by inconsistent reaction conditions and negative internal interferences. Herein, we report an adaptable graphitic C6N6-based copper single-atom catalyst. It drives the basic oxidation of peroxidase substrates by a bound copper-oxo pathway, and undertakes a second gain reaction triggered by light via a free hydroxyl radical pathway. Such multiformity of reactive oxygen-related intermediates for the same oxidation reaction makes the reaction conditions capable to be the same. Moreover, the unique topological structure of CuSAC6N6 along with the specialized donor-π-acceptor linker promotes intramolecular charge separation and migration, thus inhibiting negative interferences of the above two reaction pathways. As a result, a sound basic activity and a superb gain of up to 3.6 times under household lights are observed, superior to that of the controls, including peroxidase-like catalysts, photocatalysts, or their mixtures. CuSAC6N6 is further applied to a glucose biosensor, which can intelligently switch sensitivity and linear detection range in vitro.

Let ( X , d , μ ) (X,d, \mu ) be an Ahlfors n n -regular metric measure space. Let L \mathcal {L} be a non-negative self-adjoint operator on L 2 ( X ) L^2(X) with heat kernel satisfying Gaussian estimate. Assume that the kernels of the spectral multiplier operators F ( L ) F(\mathcal {L}) satisfy an appropriate weighted L 2 L^2 estimate. By the spectral theory, we can define the imaginary power operator L i s , s ∈ R \mathcal {L}^{is}, s\in \mathbb R , which is bounded on L 2 ( X ) L^2(X) . The main aim of this paper is to prove that for any p ∈ ( 0 , ∞ ) p \in (0,\infty ) , ‖ L i s f ‖ H L p ( X ) ≤ C ( 1 + | s | ) n | 1 / p − 1 / 2 | ‖ f ‖ H L p ( X ) , s ∈ R , \begin{equation*} \big \|\mathcal {L}^{is} f\big \|_{H^p_{\mathcal {L}}(X)} \leq C (1+|s|)^{n|1/p-1/2|} \|f\|_{H^p_{\mathcal {L}}(X)}, \quad s \in \mathbb {R}, \end{equation*} where H L p ( X ) H^p_\mathcal {L}(X) is the Hardy space associated to L \mathcal {L} , and C C is a constant independent of s s . Our result applies to sub-Laplaicans on stratified Lie groups and Hermite operators on R n \mathbb {R}^n with n ≥ 2 n\ge 2 .

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: As the spine is pivotal in the support and protection of human bodies, much attention is given to the understanding of spinal diseases. Quick, accurate, and automatic analysis of a spine image greatly enhances the efficiency with which spine conditions can be diagnosed. Deep learning (DL) is a representative artificial intelligence technology that has made encouraging progress in the last 6 years. However, it is still difficult for clinicians and technicians to fully understand this rapidly evolving field due to the diversity of applications, network structures, and evaluation criteria. This study aimed to provide clinicians and technicians with a comprehensive understanding of the development and prospects of DL spine image analysis by reviewing published literature. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Web of Science databases using the keywords “deep learning” and “spine”. Date ranges used to conduct the search were from 1 January, 2015 to 20 March, 2021. A total of 79 English articles were reviewed. KEY CONTENT AND FINDINGS: The DL technology has been applied extensively to the segmentation, detection, diagnosis, and quantitative evaluation of spine images. It uses static or dynamic image information, as well as local or non-local information. The high accuracy of analysis is comparable to that achieved manually by doctors. However, further exploration is needed in terms of data sharing, functional information, and network interpretability. CONCLUSIONS: The DL technique is a powerful method for spine image analysis. We believe that, with the joint efforts of researchers and clinicians, intelligent, interpretable, and reliable DL spine analysis methods will be widely applied in clinical practice in the future.

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound diagnosis is a highly specific tool and widely applied, but is associated with low sensitivity in detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). The diagnostic value of routine ultrasound combining magnetic resonance lymphangiography (MRL) for the detection of SLNs in breast cancer metastasis is still unclear. This study used ultrasound combined with MRL to explore the diagnostic value of detecting SLN metastasis in breast cancer. METHODS: This study included female breast cancer patients who received modified radical mastectomy at the Department of Breast Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2016 and January 2019. The gold standard of SLNs is pathological results. The patients were divided into three groups: (I) Group A: an ultrasound plus MRL (contrast agent injected outside the areola) group; (II) Group B: an ultrasound plus MRL (contrast agent injection around the areola) group; and (III) Group C: an ultrasound plus MRL group (this group comprised patients from the two aforementioned groups). RESULTS: A total of 432 patients were included. The overall detection rate and overall diagnostic accuracy of SLNs in breast cancer differed significantly among the three groups (all P

The worldwide use of the carbamate insecticide carbofuran has caused considerable concern about its environmental fate. Degradation of carbofuran by Sphingobium sp. strain CFD-1 is initiated via the hydrolysis of its ester bond by carbamate hydrolase CehA to form carbofuran phenol. In this study, another carbofuran-degrading strain, Sphingobium sp. CFD-2, was isolated. Subsequently, a cfd gene cluster responsible for the catabolism of carbofuran phenol was predicted by comparing the genomes of strains CFD-1, CFD-2, and Novosphingobium sp. strain KN65.2. The key genes verified to be involved in the catabolism of carbofuran phenol within the cfd cluster include the hydroxylase gene cfdC, epoxide hydrolase gene cfdF, and ring cleavage dioxygenase gene cfdE and are responsible for the successive conversion of carbofuran phenol, resulting in complete ring cleavage. These carbofuran-catabolic genes (cehA and the cfd cluster) are distributed on two plasmids in strain CFD-1 and are highly conserved among the carbofuran-degrading sphingomonad strains. The mobile genetic element IS6100 flanks cehA and the cfd gene cluster, indicating the importance of horizontal gene transfer in the formation of carbofuran degradation gene clusters. The elucidation of the molecular mechanism of carbofuran catabolism provides insights into the evolutionary scenario of the conserved carbofuran catabolic pathway. IMPORTANCE Owing to the extensive use of carbofuran over the past 50 years, bacteria have evolved catabolic pathways to mineralize this insecticide, which plays an important role in eliminating carbofuran residue in the environment. In this study, the cfd gene cluster, responsible for the catabolism of carbofuran phenol, was predicted by comparing sphingomonad genomes. The function of key enzymatic genes in this gene cluster was identified. Furthermore, the carbamate hydrolase gene cehA and the cfd gene cluster are highly conserved in different carbofuran-degrading strains. Additionally, the horizontal gene transfer elements flanking the cfd gene cluster were investigated. These findings help elucidate the molecular mechanism of microbial carbofuran degradation and enhance our understanding of the evolutionary mechanism of the carbofuran catabolic pathway.

IKKα has been shown to be responsible of multiple pro-tumorigenic functions and therapy resistance independent of canonical NF-κB, but its role in acquired chemotherapy resistance in breast cancer remains unclarified. In this study, we obtained pre-treatment biopsy and post-treatment mastectomy specimens from aretrospective cohort of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) (n = 43). Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of IKKα before and after NAC, and the relationship between IKKα and the pathologic response to NAC was examined. In addition, we developed a new ADR-resistant MDA-MB-231 cell line(MDA-MB-231/ADR) and analyzed these cells for changes in IKKα expression, the role and mechanisms of the increased IKKα in promoting drug resistance were determined in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that the expression of IKKα in residual TNBC tissues after chemotherapy was significantly higher than that before chemotherapy, and was positively correlated with lower pathological reaction. IKKα expression was significantly higher in ADR-resistant TNBC cells than in ADR-sensitive cells, IKKα knockdown results in apoptotic cell death of chemoresistant cells upon drug treatment. Moreover, IKKα knockdown promotes chemotherapeutic drug-induced tumor cell death in an transplanted tumor mouse model. Functionally, we demonstrated that IKKα knockdown significantly upregulated the expression of cleaved caspase 3 and Bax and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2 upon ADR treatment. Our findings highlighted that IKKα exerts an important and previously unknown role in promoting chemoresistance in TNBC, combining IKKα inhibition with chemotherapy may be an effective strategy to improve treatment outcome in chemoresistant TNBC patients.

It is possible that there is another scalar hiding behind the known 125 GeV Higgs boson. If the hidden scalar exhibits a CP property different from the Higgs boson, it can be exposed in the di-Higgs production at the high-luminosity large hadron collider and future colliders., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures

Let $\mathcal {H}=-\Delta + |x|^2$ be the Hermite operator on $\mathbb R^n$ with $n\ge 2$. In this paper, we prove the boundedness of Schrödinger groups of fractional powers of $\mathcal {H}$ on Lebesgue and Hardy spaces. More precisely, we prove that (a) for $p \in (1,\infty )$, $\gamma>0$ and $\beta /\gamma \geq n|1/p -1/2|$, $$ \begin{align*} \big\|\mathcal{H}^{-\beta /2}e^{it \mathcal{H}^{\gamma /2}}f\big\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)} \leq C (1 + |t|)^{n|1/p-1/2|}\|f\|_{L^p(\mathbb R^n)}, \quad \forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \end{align*}$$and (b) for $p \in (0, 1]$, $\gamma>0$ and $\beta /\gamma \geq n(1/p -1/2)$, $$ \begin{align*} \big\|\mathcal{H}^{-\beta /2}e^{it \mathcal{H}^{\gamma /2}}f\big\|_{H^p_{\mathcal{H}}(\mathbb R^n)} \leq C (1 + |t|)^{n(1/p-1/2)}\|f\|_{H^p_{\mathcal{H}}(\mathbb R^n)}, \quad \forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \end{align*}$$where $H^p_{\mathcal {H}}(\mathbb R^n)$ is the Hardy space associated with the operator $\mathcal {H}$. These estimates improve related result of Thangavelu [22] and have some interesting applications.

Let $(M,\rho,\mu)$ be a metric measure space satisfying the doubling, reverse doubling and non-collapsing conditions, and $\mathscr{L}$ be a self-adjoint operator on $L^2 (M, d\mu)$ whose heat kernel $p_t (x,y)$ satisfy the small-time Gaussian upper bound, H\"{o}lder continuity and Markov property. In this paper, we give characterizations of inhomogeneous "classical" and "non-classical" Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces associated to $\mathscr{L}$ in terms of continuous Littlewood-Paley and Lusin area functions defined by the heat semigroup, for complete range of indices. This extends related classical results for Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces on $\mathbb{R}^n$ to more general setting, and extends corresponding results in [Trans. Amer. Math Soc. 367 (2015), 121-189] to complete range of indices., Comment: 31 pages

A visible-light-induced stereo- and regioselective phosphorylation of enamides with phosphine oxides under transition-metal-free conditions has been disclosed.

A regio- and stereoselective C(sp2)–C(sp3) coupling of enamides with ethers or alkanes via photoredox-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions is developed under environmentally friendly conditions.

A visible-light-induced regio- and stereoselective C(sp2)–H coupling reaction of enamides with cycloketone oximes is developed under mild and environmentally-friendly conditions.

Ascorbic acid (H2A) is a well-known antioxidant to protect cellular components from free radical damage, meanwhile it is also emerged as pro-oxidant in cancer therapy. However, such contradictory mechanisms underlying H2A oxidation are not well understood. Here, we report the discovery of Fe leaching during catalytic H2A oxidation using Fe-N-C nanozyme as a ferritin mimic and its influence in selectivity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Owing to the heterogeneity, Fe-Nx sites in Fe-N-C primarily catalyzed the H2A oxidation and 4e ORR via an iron-oxo intermediate; meanwhile marginal N-C sites catalyzed the 2e ORR via an O2 intermediate with H2O2 production, although which was less favorable in kinetics and hardly observable in the early stage. Nonetheless, trace O2 accumulated and attacked Fe-Nx sites, leading to a linear leakage of unstable Fe ions up to 420 ppb when the concentration of H2A increased. As a result, a substantial fraction (~40%) of N-C sites on Fe-N-C were activated, and a new path for Fenton-type H2A oxidation was finally enabled. After Fe ions diffused into the bulk solution, the ORR at the N-C sites stopped at H2O2 production, which was the origin for the pro-oxidant effect by H2A. This work highlights the Fe-leakage occurring on Fe-N-C nanozymes and uncovers the multifaceted insights of ORR selectivity in H2A oxidation under realistic conditions.

Introduction: Whether central glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)/GLP-1 receptor system mediated peripheral glucose homeostasis in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) is not clear. We aim to determine if plasma GLP-1 level could distinguish the non-survivors from the survivors during the first 14 days after TBI that could prognose 6 months mortality. Methods: Metabolic, inflammatory, and hematological profiles were examined in 73 patients with TBI in neuro-ICU. Factors that discriminate non-survivors from survivors were determined by Two-way ANOVA. Biomarkers associated with mortality were determined by Binary logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression. Results: The non-survivors had higher infectious SOFA scores (P

We extend the framework of analyzing the 2HDM in its orbit space to study the one-loop effective potential before and after electroweak symmetry breaking. In this framework, we present a comprehensive analysis of global symmetries of the one-loop thermal effective potential in the 2HDM, demonstrating when the global symmetries of the tree-level 2HDM potential are broken by loop contributions. By introducing light-cone coordinates and generalizing the bilinear notation around the vacuum, we present a geometric view of the scalar mass matrix and on-shell renormalization conditions.

2-Naphthol, which originates from various industrial activities, is widely disseminated through the discharge of industrial wastewater and is, thus, harmful to the water ecosystem, agricultural production, and human health. In this study, the carbaryl degrading strain

Self-adaptability is highly envisioned for artificial devices such as robots with chemical noses. For this goal, seeking catalysts with multiple and modulable reaction pathways is promising but generally hampered by inconsistent reaction conditions. Herein, we report a self-adaptive CuSAC6N6 single-atom catalyst having two reactive oxygen-oriented pathways under the same reaction conditions. CuSAC6N6 consisted of coordinated peroxidase-like Cu-N coordination centers and photo-responsive donor-π-acceptor (D-π-A) units with promoted intramolecular charge separation and migration. Interestingly, it drove the basic oxidation of peroxidase substrates by the bound copper-oxo pathway, and undertook a second gain reaction triggered by light via the free hydroxyl radical pathway under the same conditions. A remarkable basic activity and a superb gain of up to 3.6 times under household lights were observed, significantly higher than that of its control systems, including solo carbon nitride-based nanozymes or photocatalysts, their mixtures, and even that under thermal stimuli to the maximum endured temperature for most lives. As an application, the self-adapting CuSAC6N6 was used to construct a glucose biosensor, which can intelligently switch the linear detection range and sensitivity to a diverse range of concentrations in vitro.

Although biochar has been widely used in the remediation of heavy metal pollution in acidic and neutral soils, less attention has been paid to whether biochar will alter its structural properties and the ability to retain heavy metals after different degrees of aging in alkaline soils. In this study, two artificial accelerated aging methods (freeze-thaw cycle and dry-wet cycle) and a short-term natural aging method were used to simulate the aging process of biochar prepared from corn stalk. We investigated the changes in the soil pH and bioavailability, total content, and transformation of Cd

Owing to the extensive use of carbofuran over the past 50 years, bacteria have evolved catabolic pathways to mineralize this insecticide, which plays an important role in eliminating carbofuran residue in the environment. In this study, the cfd gene cluster, responsible for the catabolism of carbofuran phenol, was predicted by comparing sphingomonad genomes.

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planch.) is a functionally dioecious plant, which displays diverse morphology in male and female flowers. MADS-box is an ancient and huge gene family that plays a key role in plant floral organ differentiation. In this study, we have identified 89 MADS-box genes from A. chinensis Red 5 genome. These genes are distributed on 26 chromosomes and are classified into type I (21 genes) and type II (68 genes). Overall, type II AcMADS-box genes have more complex structures than type I with more exons, protein domains, and motifs, indicating that type II genes may have more diverse functions. Gene duplication analysis showed that most collinearity occurred in type II AcMADS-box genes, which was consistent with a large number of type II genes. Analysis of cis-acting elements in promoters showed that AcMADS-box genes are mainly associated with light and phytohormone responsiveness. The expression profile of AcMADS-box genes in different tissues showed that most genes were highly expressed in flowers. Further, the qRT-PCR analysis of the floral organ ABCDE model-related genes in male and female flowers revealed that AcMADS4, AcMADS56, and AcMADS70 were significantly expressed in female flowers. It indicated that those genes may play an important role in the sex differentiation of kiwifruit. This work provided a comprehensive analysis of the AcMADS-box genes and may help facilitate our understanding of the sex differentiation regulatory mechanism in kiwifruit.

Electrochemically generated chemiluminescence (ECL) has attracted significant interest over decades, ranging from fundamental studies of highly efficient electron-to-photon interconversion to practical bioassays. Nonetheless, the ECL efficiency of most emitters is low, which greatly hampers further development. Herein, we report a highly robust carbon nitride film with an unusually boosted ECL efficiency (2256 times higher than that of the reference Ru(bpy)3Cl2/K2S2O8. Double inoculation, which provided the primary interaction of carbon nitride with the substrate and the succedent growth, played a crucial role in preparation. The improved ECL efficiency was ascribed to few pinholes suppressing futile co-reagent reduction, maintenance of more orbit-delocalized heptazine subunit improving ECL kinetics, and transparency avoiding self-absorption. As a result of the exceptionally high ECL efficiency, an ultrasensitive visual DNA biosensor by the naked eye was further successfully developed.

Microbial ammonia oxidation is vital to the nitrogen cycle. A biological process, called Dirammox (direct ammonia oxidation, NH

Hepatic impairment in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may derive from cholangiocyte damage in the beginning, but not from direct infection of hepatocytes. Chronic liver disease patients co-infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exhibited overexpression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptors and overwhelming cytokine storm. Consensus has been reached that we should encourage as many people as possible to be vaccinated in order to achieve herd immunity. SARS-CoV-2 vaccines can prevent or alleviate severe infection and cytokine storm. It is recommended that all adult patients with chronic liver diseases and liver transplant recipients should receive COVID-19 vaccines using the standard dose and schedule. Data is not yet sufficient to compare the efficacy of different types of vaccines used in chronic liver disease patients.