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The present study aims to explore the relationship between work-family conflict and unsafe behavior among underground coal miners, testing the mediating role of work engagement in this relationship. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shanxi Province, China from June to August 2020. A total of 580 front-line miners were recruited for this study. Structural equation modeling was used to explore the mechanisms of work-family conflict on unsafe behavior. Findings revealed that time-based conflict, strain-based conflict and behavior-based conflict were positively related to unsafe behavior, and work engagement mediated the relationships between work-family conflict and unsafe behavior. Managers should alleviate miners' work-family conflict, providing effective organizational support to improve the miner's work engagement, and thus reduce their unsafe behavior.

Individuals' unsafe behavior is identified as one of the important reasons leading to construction industry accidents. The purpose of the present study is to explore the mechanism of role stressors' impact on unsafe behavior, the mediating role of psychological strain and the moderating role of empowering leadership among construction workers. The sample used for the analyses in this study includes 600 employees from 10 different construction companies in China. Bootstrap analysis was performed to explore the mediating role of psychology strain, and hierarchical linear regression analysis was performed to explore the moderating role of empowering leadership. The results showed that role stressors were positively related to unsafe behavior; psychology strain mediates the relationship between role stressors and unsafe behavior; and empowering leadership moderates the relationship between psychological strain and unsafe behavior. The findings indicate that empowering leadership can decrease unsafe behavior.

Nitroreductase (NTR) is a member of flavin-containing enzymes that exists widely in bacteria. Hypoxia, which is a characteristic of locally advanced solid tumors, resulting from an imbalance between oxygen consumption and supply, can result in NTR overexpression. Using either nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as a source of reducing equivalents, NTR can catalyze the reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to the corresponding amines. Based on this reduction mechanism, NTR can be applied not only in the bioremediation and degradation of organic nitrogen compounds, but also in the development of NTR-targeted fluorescent probes to detect the hypoxic status of cancer cells. This review aims to provide a summary of the progress in fluorescent probes for NTR in recent years and elucidate the main fluorescent mechanisms that have been applied to design probes.

Background The rice striped stem borer (SSB), Chilo suppressalis (Walker), is one of the most economically important and destructive rice pests in China. To date, the efficiency of conventional insecticides has decreased greatly because of the development of high resistance. Since the introduction of chlorantraniliprole in 2008, SSB has presented resistance issues. Results In this study, laboratory resistant strains R1 and R2 [resistance ratio (RR) of 38.8 and 110.4, respectively] were established and a field population HR (RR of 249.6) was collected. Synergist assessment and enzyme activity data suggested the potential involvement of P450s and esterases in the resistance mechanism. No target (ryanodine receptor, RyR) mutation was found in R1, but a novel mutation Y4667D was found in R2. At the same position of RyR in HR strain, Y4667D and Y4667C were observed at low frequencies. In addition, the conserved mutation I4758M was found with a frequency of 94.4%. RyR mRNA expression was significantly lower in R1, R2 and HR than in S. When treated with chlorantraniliprole, RyR mRNA expression in all four strains was downregulated to ∼ 50%. Conclusions A comprehensive analysis, including biochemical, target mutations and target mRNA expression, was conducted in an attempt to interpret the chlorantraniliprole resistance mechanism in both laboratory and field SSB strains. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Chilo suppressalis (Walker; Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the most damaging rice pests in China. Insecticides play a major role in its management. We describe how we monitored the resistance of C. suppressalis to four insecticides in seven field populations from Jiangxi, Hubei, and Hunan Provinces, China, in 2014-2016. The topical application method for resistance monitoring was suitable for triazophos, monosultap, and abamectin. The conventional rice seedling dipping method proved ineffective for testing chlorantraniliprole so the new artificial diet incorporation method was substituted. This new method provided more consistent results than the other methods, once baseline toxicity data had been established. All populations had moderate to high resistance to triazophos from 2014 to 2016. Monosultap resistance in two populations increased from low in 2014 to moderate in 2016 and the other five populations showed moderate to high-level resistance throughout. Abamectin resistance in three populations increased from sensitive or low in 2014 to moderate in 2015-2016, and the other populations had moderate to high levels of resistance. Resistance to chlorantraniliprole increased from sensitive or low in 2014 to moderate to high in 2016. These results suggested that resistance management strategies should be developed according to the needs of a specific location. It was suggested that, in these localities, organophosphate insecticides should be prohibited, the application of nereistoxin, macrolide antibiotic, and diamide insecticides should be limited, and other insecticides, including spinetoram and methoxyfenozide, that exhibited no resistance should be used rationally and in rotation to delay resistance development.

Overwintering larvae and pupae are the most important source of first generation of Chilo suppressalis (Walker) in early spring. Aging larvae and pupae harbor strong stress-tolerance and also potential pesticide resistance. Therefore, at present, irrigation and tillage are mainly used for killing the first generation of C. suppressalis. However, the efficiency of this method was not clear. To study the exact efficiency, overwintering larvae and pupae were collected from rice straw in field. And they were placed in water to test their tolerance to immersion indoor. The control effect of irrigation and tillage was tested in field and repeated in different years. As a result, in tolerance experiment, the mortality of aging larvae was less than 50% on day 8 and reached 80% on day 12. The mortality of pupae reached 75% within 72 hours. In the field, the escape rate of larvae was the highest on day 1 (4.49%), after which time it gradually decreased. The cumulative escape rate was 7.89% within 4 days. When the fields were tilled immediately after immersion, the cumulative escape rate decreased to 1.05%. There was no significant difference in escape rate with different tillage depths. This is the first study to systematically investigate the control effect of irrigation and tillage on overwintering C. suppressalis. And the results showed that aging larvae of C. suppressalis had strong tolerance to immersion. But the tolerance of pupa to water was relatively weak. Tillage could effectively reduce the escape rate of aging larvae. So, “Tilling immediately after irrigation” was recommended in early spring. This will provide guidance for agricultural control of C. suppressalis.

This paper dealt with the studying the germination percentage, germination potential and analyzing the germination of the seeds with different treatments by systematic statistics method. Seeds were collected from 14 provenances in September 1994. The results indicated that the germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in various provenances were different. Both indexes in Nanchang, area was much lower than those in the rest provenances. The germination percentage and germination potential of the seeds in different provenance declined after the seeds were treated with aging for one year. The light treatment might promotes the germination percentage more effectively than the germination potential. In addition, fuzzy cluster may reflect the relationship among germination in different provenances.