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In an article to study the effect of sizing agent and filler on the structural features of paper from the cellulose mass of the inner layer of the bark of mulberry tree branches, mechanical strength, absorbency and sorption properties were studied. Tensile strength was determined on a tensile testing machine by the force causing the destruction of the sample. Surface absorbency at one side wetting was determined by the method of Cobb(30), by determining the mass of water absorbed by the surface of the paper when wetting one side of the test sample. Sorption properties were studied on a high-vacuum setup with mercury gates and McBain quartz balances according to water vapor sorption data. It was found that the internal 2% sizing of the paper pulp with cherry tree resin glue contributes to the strengthening of the paper structure, which is confirmed by the values of mechanical strength and surface absorbency when unilaterally wetted with water, relative to the values obtained when sizing with pine oleoresin rosin glue. When using glue from cherry resin, it is advisable to add 2 g of kaolin to 100 g of pulp from the inner layer of the bark of mulberry tree branches, since the increase negatively affects mechanical strength and hydrophobicity., В статье для исследования влияния проклеивающего вещества и наполнителя на структурные особенности бумаги из целлюлозной массы внутреннего слоя коры веток тутового дерева изучены механическая прочность, впитывающая способность и сорбционные свойства. Прочность на разрыв при растяжении определяли на разрывной машине по усилию, вызывающему разрушение образца. Поверхностную впитываемость при одностороннем смачивании определяли по методу Кобб(30), путем определения массы воды, поглощенной поверхностью бумаги при смачивании одной стороны испытуемого образца. Сорбционные свойства исследовали на высоковакуумной установке с ртутными затворами и кварцевыми весами Мак-Бена по данным сорбции паров воды. Выявлено, что внутренняя 2%-ная проклейка бумажной массы клеем из живицы черешневого дерева способствует упрочнению структуры бумаги, что подтверждается значениями механической прочности и поверхностной впитываемостью при одностороннем смачивании водой, относительно значений, полученных при проклейке канифольным клеем из сосновой живицы. При использовании клея из живицы черешневого дерева целесообразно к 100 г целлюлозной массы из внутреннего слоя коры веток тутового дерева добавлять каолин в количестве 2 г, так как увеличение отрицательно влияет на механическую прочность и гидрофобность.

Pumpkin fruits ( Cucurbita spp.) have a number of advantages and high technological potential, thanks to almost universal cultivation in a wide range of agro-climatic conditions, the ability to long-term storage, the content of dietary fibers, pectin and other polysaccharides, carotenoids, polyphenolic substances, vitamins, which cause a wide range of physiological orientation. In the process of researching the composition of local cultivars of pumpkin and the world experience of using Cucurbita spp. in the composition of food products, the need to use this ingredient in beverage recipes has been substantiated. The content of dry substances in the pumpkin samples is from 8.18 % ("Gribovskaya") to 11.6 % ("Orange bush"). The maximum sugar content is distinguished by the varieties "Winter Sweet" (6.87 %) and "Orange Bush" (7.40 %). The content of BAS-antioxidants is (without visible difference depending on the growing region): carotenoids from 1.3 mg/100 g in "Gribovskaya" to 2.0 mg/100 g - "Orange bush"; ascorbic acid - 8.7 mg/100 g in "Rossiyanka" to 14.2 mg/100 g - "Orange bush". Today all parts of the pumpkin fruit are used: the bark is a raw material for the production of feed flour and a substrate for the cultivation of lactobacilli, the seeds are traditionally used to produce pumpkin oil and flour, the pulp of the fruit is a raw material for juice-containing products, purees, carotenoid-containing and polysaccharide extracts, pectin, concentrates of first and second dishes, snack products, pasta, bakery, confectionery and meat products, etc.

Nowadays, native crime novel is a cultural phenomenon whose significance cannot be narrowed down only to entertainment. The variety of currents that can be observed, comes from writers inspired by the novels about "crime and punishment", by various aesthetics and stylistics. They also do not restrict themselves to presenting the crime in modern scenery, but they choose the historical background. The very act of creating a crime novel became one of the themes as well, which indicates a reflective attitude of writers towards the possibilities offered by literature. The present draft constitutes an attempt of systematising the phenomena characteristic for Polish literary creation, which portray the obscure world of crime.

The discovery of stem cells is considered one of the most important achievements of mankind. The ability of any stem cells to produce different cell types makes them a very convenient system for studying the molecular genetic events that cause cell differentiation. Due to their ability to differentiate into any tissue, stem cells can be used to treat a huge number of diseases. Therefore, the comprehensive study of stem cells is one of the most relevant and promising areas of modern medicine.

Cellulose based nanomaterials have the great potential to be applied to paper as bulk additive or coating material to improve overall final properties, especially in secondary fiber. In the present work, the effect of applying different kinds of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) to papers obtained from recycled fibers using size press on physical, mechanical and barrier properties was investigated and compared with the sole use of starch as coating material. The coating process of CNF was carried out by the addition of size press grade starch to coating suspension. As a cellulose source, wheat straw was evaluated and CNF was obtained through oxidative and enzymatic pretreatments. Results indicate that starch/CNF suspension improves the overall paper properties. As a result of the deposition of coating suspension contains of 4 % wt. periodate-oxidized CNF onto paper surface, tensile and burst indices of papersheets increased as 52.2 % and 194.4 %. Significant decreases were observed in air permeability as 69.8 %. Compression tests also have been conducted to evaluate papersheets end-use properties. In comparison to the other pretreated CNF, due to is lower viscosity, applying periodate-oxidized CNF as size press significantly increased the mechanical properties of the papers fabricated from the recycled pulps. TUBITAK-TEYDEBTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [1505]; Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Technology and Innovation Funding Programs Directorate [1505, 5180044] This work was supported by TUBITAK-TEYDEB 1505 (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Technology and Innovation Funding Programs Directorate 1505), Project No. 5180044. WOS:000703585400013 2-s2.0-85108063350

PT. IK is a company engaged in the manufacture of pulp and paper. Pulp production produced in each process sometimes does not meet the standard specifications of the quality set. The method used to solve the problem is the seven tools and the new seven tools. The research objectives were to determine priorities based on the type of defect, identify the cause of quality deviations, and determine the action to be taken to improve pulp quality. Priority repair on defects in the Blow Line Kappa Number, Ex Metso Press Soda Loss as Na2SO4, Post MCO2 Outlet Single Diffuser Residual Soda, and Ex Khamyr Press Soda Loss as Na2SO4. The causes of quality deviations include the lack of operator understanding of the SOP, the stages of the production process lacking supervision, the selection of raw materials that do not meet specifications, poor machine conditions, operator error or human error, and inappropriate chemical levels. Actions taken to improve the quality of the pulp are by conducting employee training, checking machines, continuously monitoring and controlling the production process, using work methods that are under with the SOP set by the company, environmental conditions that are under occupational safety and health, and optimizing operator performance.

The purpose of this paper is to detect the leading diseases diagnosed in dental care, for the population 0-6 years and 07-18 years of age for the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton in 2008 and 2013, to compare the results for those two years, to determine trends, individual diseases, and comparing the obtained results with the results for the territory of the Federation of B&H. During the preparation of this paper, the data collected and published in its reports by the Institute of Public Health of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina were used. Dental caries / K02 / takes the first place on the list of diseases in the field of dental activity, in all age groups. Diseases of the pulp and periapical tissue / K04 /, which most often occur as a result of caries, take second place on the list of diseases in all age groups. It is necessary to work on increasing the number of public healthcare of specialist teams of preventive and pediatric dentistry in the area of HNK, as well as increasing the number of dental care points, where children and youth would receive the service. Further work is needed to improve the state of oral health and the population through.

Aims The changes in chemical composition and metabolizable energy (ME) of both olive mill waste (OMW) upon fermentation by three potential probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains and commercial feed (CF) upon its supplementation by fermented olive mill waste (FOMW) were investigated. The objective was to test whether there will be an enhancement in the nutritional value of OMW after fermentation and/or commercial broiler feed upon supplementation by potentially probiotic filamentous fungi. Methods and results A three Rhizopus oryzae strains (92/1, 236/2 and 284) isolated from agricultural soil that were proven to have good probiotic properties (non-toxic, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and gastrointestinal tolerance) were used to ferment OMW, then the chemical composition was analysed after 7 and 14 days of fermentation. The FOMW with the R. oryzae 284 strain, which gave the best results, was added to a commercial broiler feed at 20%, 30% and 40% supplementation ratios. Then proximal analyses were done to compare non-supplemented with supplemented CF. Chemical analyses included dry weight, crude protein, crude fats, crude fibres, crude ash, sugars and starch, and then ME was calculated from the given values. Conclusions Compared to non-fermented OMW, the best results were obtained by the R. oryzae 284 strain allowing an increase in crude protein content by 23.4% after 7 days of fermentation, a decrease in crude fibre content by 9.8% after 14 days of fermentation and an increase in ME by 3.6% after 7 days of fermentation. Compared to non-supplemented CF, the ME changes of 20%, 30% and 40% supplementation increased by 8.38%, 2.83% and decreased by 4.27%, respectively. Significance and Impact of the Study FOMW can be incorporated into broiler feed rations until 30% without causing any decrease in metabolizable energy. It can be a cheaper alternative with promising productivity and chicken health improvements., Ege Universitesi [FDK-2019-21010]; Ege University, Ege Universitesi, Grant/Award Number: BAP Project (FDK-2019-21010); Ege University

Objectives Age estimation in forensic odontology is having a great importance in recent times because of the request by court or other government authorities so that immigrants whose real age is unknown should not suffer unfair disadvantages because of their supposed age, and so that all legal procedures to which an individual's age is relevant can be properly followed. Purpose The present study was planned to be conducted on pulp tissue and dental hard tissues derived from individuals for DNA isolation and age determination . Materials and Methods The present study was an experimental single-blinded study consisting of 30 extracted teeth categorized into three groups as follows: Group A: 10 to 20 years, Group B: 21 to 30 years, Group C: 31 to 40 years. DNA was isolated from the pulp of each tooth and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) for calculating telomere length was performed. Results With increase in age, the length of telomere gets shortened which will be helpful in analyzing the age of the person when morphological and biological remnants are not available except the tooth. Conclusion The present study found that estimation of human age based on the relative TL measured by the real-time quantitative PCR may be a useful method for age prediction, especially when there is no morphologic information in the biological sample. This is the first study to accesses the age of a person by telomere length using dental pulp.

TEMPO-oxidised cellulose fibres are often explored as nano-reinforcement for polymers. However, it is unclear whether micrometre-sized TEMPO-oxidised cellulose fibres also possess similar reinforcing potential. In this work, we report the mechanical response of polypropylene (PP) composites reinforced with TEMPO-oxidised cellulose (TOC) of different fibre widths. Micrometre-sized TOC fibres (TOCF) containing sodium carboxylate (TOCF-Na) and free hydroxyl (TOCF-H) groups, as well as nano-sized TOC nanofibrils (TOCN) were produced from dissolving pulp and incorporated into PP matrix via melt-extrusion. It was found that model PP composites containing micrometre-sized TOCF-Na and TOCF-H possessed the highest tensile modulus of up to 2.5 GPa; 40% improvement over neat PP and 30% increase over PP/TOCN composite. No significant differences in the tensile strength of PP/TOCF-Na and PP/TOCF-H composites were observed when compared to neat PP. The incorporation of nano-sized TOCN into PP however, led to a 6% decrease in tensile strength. Single-edge notched beam fracture toughness test further showed that PP/TOCN composite possessed the lowest fracture toughness of 2.52 MPa m1/2; a decrease of 18% over PP reinforced with micrometre-sized TOCF-Na and TOCF-H. Our study shows that micrometre-sized TOCFs serve as better reinforcement for polymers compared to nano-sized TOCN. This is attributed to the better dispersion of TOCF in the PP matrix. Furthermore, the presence of surface microfibrillation on TOCFs also enhanced the quality of the TOCF-PP interface through mechanical interlocking and local stiffening of the PP matrix.

Background. Innovative technologies for deep processing of grain are widely used in maize grain processing with the release of the grain germ for subsequent extraction of oil and starch from it or production of sugar substitutes in the form of fructose syrup and alcohol, bakery or feed protein. A search for economically valuable sources of maize starch, useful byproducts of its processing, and natural modification of starch for deep processing is vital.Materials and methods. Ten high-starch maize accessions from the VIR collection, isolated by IR spectrometry, were studied. Starch content was measured according to GOST 10845-98, GOST 13586.5-93, GOST 10847-74 and GOST ISO 6647-1-2015 standards. Processing of grain into starch and assessment of the content of amylose and byproducts were carried out at the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Starch Products in 2018 according to L. P. Nosovskaya et al. The actual content of starch and its byproducts during deep grain processing was determined. The values of the actual percentage of dry matter (DM, %) in grain, mass fraction of starch, ash content, as well as the yield of extract, pulp, embryo, gluten, process water and starch were determined.Results. Accessions with a high yield of starch (k-4520, k-9301 and k-24730), germ (k-4520. k-8785 and k-24731), pulp (k-4520, k-8785, k-9991 and k-24732) and protein (k8785) were identified as well as those with a percentage of amylopectin in starch above 82% (k-24730 and k-24733) and 100% (k-5461 and k-9991), and amylose above 30% (k4520 and k-9301).Conclusion. Of practical interest in terms of the actual yield of starch (% DM in grain) are accessions k-4520, k-9301, k-24730, k-9991, k-5461 and k-4520. According to the results of breeding tests, accessions k-24730, k-24732 and k-24733 had the following values of starch harvest calculated for grain yield: 4.66, 4.41 and 4.18 t/ha, respectively.

The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in water and some organic solvents. Fifteen ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and tested as solvents suitable for delignification of unbleached pulp. The selected ternary DESs are composed of quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and organic acids and polyvalent alcohols as hydrogen bond donors, with molar ratios varying for the individual components. The delignification efficiency is significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the solvent into the pulp fibre structure. Therefore, the density and viscosity analysis of individual solvents was performed. Unbleached beech pulp with initial kappa number 13.9 was treated with the prepared DESs. The kappa number indicates the residual lignin content or the bleachability of pulp. The efficiency of the solvents ranged from 1.4% to 28.1%. The most suitable for the pretreatment of fibres, based on lignin removal efficiency, were found to be three DESs, in the following order: malonic acid/choline chloride/1,3-propanediol (1:1:3) > choline chloride/acetamide/lactic acid (1:2:3) > choline chloride/urea/lactic acid (1:2:3).

The article examines Soviet paper reuse as an ideological, economic daily practice, implemented through the advanced, but hitherto undescribed Soiuzutil’ waste collecting system by the early 1930s as the reverse side of Stalinist industrialization. It argues that Soiuzutil’ waste paper handling attempted to form a new socialist collective by reworking old print while cultivating citizens as classless scrap-collectors, for the sake of an (ir)rational resource optimization. While World War II intensified recycling efforts among the Allied and Axis powers, invasion and evacuation damaged Soviet waste collection to a point where no return of paper into a centralized system was possible. War forced printers and consumers to retreat to local self-supply networks, as paper remained a crucial, yet scarce resource. By analyzing technical-educational literature and correspondence of the reutilization offices, the article demonstrates the changing attitudes in the Stalinist war economy, the industries, and the population towards mobilizing and saving paper.

In this study, Rhododendron luteum and Rhododendron ponticum were evaluated as raw material for pulp and paper production. 12 different sodium borohydride (NaBH4) added cooking trials were performed for each sample and kraft method was used for pulp production. Pulp properties, such as yield, kappa number and viscosity, and physical properties, such as breaking length and burst index, were determined for each trial. Besides, the effects of active alkali and NaBH4 on the pulp and paper properties were also examined. Optimum cooking conditions were obtained by using 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-free cooking experiments and 0.5 % NaBH4 and 18 % active alkali for NaBH4-added cooking experiments. In NaBH4-added pulping condition, the screened yield, kappa number and viscosity of R. luteum were found to be 43.4 %, 40.1 and 949 cm3/g1, respectively. The respective values for R. ponticum were 41.9 %, 44.5 and 885 cm3/g1. The screened yields of R. luteum and R. ponticum increased by about 2.8 % and 5.3 %, respectively, with 5 % addition of NaBH4 compared to NaBH4-free cooking experiments. Furthermore, with the addition of NaBH4, the kappa numbers decreased while the viscosity increased. The physical properties of the produced papers were also improved by using NaBH4 in cooking liquor. According to the obtained results, it was found that R. luteum and R. ponticum species can be evaluated for pulp and paper production., U ovom je radu istražena mogućnost uporabe biljaka Rhododendron luteum i Rhododendron ponticum kao sirovine za proizvodnju celuloze i papira. Za svaki uzorak provedeno je 12 različitih ispitivanja kuhanja s natrijevim borhidridom (NaBH4), a celuloza je proizvedena kraft postupkom. Za svako ispitivanje određena su svojstva celuloze poput prinosa, kappa broja i viskoznosti, te fizička svojstva kao što su duljina lomljenja i indeks pucanja papira. Osim toga, ispitani su učinci aktivne lužine i NaBH4 na svojstva celuloze i papira. Optimalni uvjeti kuhanja postignuti su upotrebom 18 % aktivne lužine za eksperimentalno kuhanje bez NaBH4 i upotrebom 0,5 % NaBH4 i 18 % aktivne lužine za eksperimentalno kuhanje s dodatkom NaBH4. U proizvodnji celuloze iz biljke R. luteum s dodatkom NaBH4 utvrđeno je da prinos prosijavanja iznosi 43,4 %, da je kappa broj 40,1, a viskoznost 949 cm3/g, dok su vrijednosti za celulozu dobivenu iz biljke R. ponticum redom 41,9 %, 44,5 i 885 cm3/g. Prinos prosijavanja biljaka R. luteum i R. ponticum uz dodatak 5 % NaBH4 povećao se oko 2,8 % i 5,3 % u usporedbi s eksperimentalnim kuhanjem bez dodatka NaBH4. Nadalje, uz dodatak NaBH4 smanjuju se kappa brojevi, a viskoznosti se povećavaju. Fizička svojstva proizvedenih papira također se poboljšavaju dodavanjem NaBH4 tekućini za kuhanje. Iz dobivenih je rezultata utvrđeno da se biljke R. luteum i R. ponticum mogu upotrebljavati u proizvodnji celuloze i papira.

Jabuticaba (Plinia cauliflora) and jambolan (Syzygium cumini) fruits are rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, mostly concentrated in the peel, pulp, and seeds. Among the techniques for identifying these constituents, paper spray mass spectrometry (PS-MS) stands out as a method of ambient ionization of samples for the direct analysis of raw materials. This study aimed to determine the chemical profiles of the peel, pulp, and seeds of jabuticaba and jambolan fruits, as well as to assess the efficiency of using different solvents (water and methanol) in obtaining metabolite fingerprints of different parts of the fruits. Overall, 63 compounds were tentatively identified in the aqueous and methanolic extracts of jabuticaba and jambolan, 28 being in the positive ionization mode and 35 in the negative ionization mode. Flavonoids (40%), followed by benzoic acid derivatives (13%), fatty acids (13%), carotenoids (6%), phenylpropanoids (6%), and tannins (5%) were the groups of substances found in greater numbers, producing different fingerprints according to the parts of the fruit and the different extracting solvents used. Therefore, compounds present in jabuticaba and jambolan reinforce the nutritional and bioactive potential attributed to these fruits, due to the potentially positive effects performed by these metabolites in human health and nutrition.

Objectives: Based on new concepts on the pathogenesis of dental caries, the management of carious lesions in proximity to the dental pulp has been largely changed. Ultraconservative excavation or removal is usually advised to avoid pulpal damage. The remaining demineralized tissue near the pulp, however, comes with challenges. One such challenge is to remineralize the residual lesion, for example using lining or restorative materials. In the present study, we tried to compare the remineralization activity of two different materials, calcium hydroxide and glass hybrid, on artificial residual lesions, in a pulpal fluid simulation system in vitro. Methods: On human dentin discs (n=20), artificial residual lesions (median mineral loss ΔZ [25th/75th percentiles]=1643 [1301/1858] vol%×µm) were chemically induced using demineralization solution without bacterial invasion. The dentin discs were divided into five parts, one of them served as baseline sample. The remaining four parts were used as experimental groups, with each being covered with a different material or material combination (n=20/group): Flowable composite (CO) without liner (control), setting and non-setting calcium hydroxide covered with flowable composite (CH-S, CH-NS), glass hybrid (GH). Samples were mounted in a dual-chamber device allowing pulpal fluid simulation. Pulpal surfaces were subjected to simulated pulpal fluid at 2.94 kPa, while coronal surfaces were exposed to artificial saliva, and once weekly rinsed with 200 ppm NaF. Solutions were changed regularly every 14 day. After 12 weeks, mineral loss differences compared to baseline were evaluated using transversal microradiography. Fluoride and strontium concentrations in exemplary samples were analyzed using Field Emission Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (FE-EPMA). Results: Mineral gain in CO (negative control) was ΔΔZ=372 (115/501) vol%×µm. This was not significantly different from CH-S (ΔΔZ=317 [229/919] vol%×µm) or CH-NS (ΔΔZ=292 [130/579] vol%×µm), (p>0.05/Wilcoxon-test), but while mineral gain was significantly higher in GH (ΔΔZ=1044 [751/1264] vol%×µm, p, Ziel: Basierend auf neuen Konzepten zur Pathogenese der Dentalkaries hat sich das Management kariöser Läsionen in der Nähe der Zahnpulpa weitgehend geändert. In der Regel wird zu einer ultrakonservativen Exkavation oder Entfernung geraten, um Schäden an der Pulpa zu vermeiden. Das verbleibende demineralisierte Gewebe in der Nähe der Pulpa bringt jedoch Herausforderungen mit sich, u.a. die Remineralisierung der verbleibenden Läsion, zum Beispiel durch Liner- oder Restaurationsmaterialien. In der vorliegenden Studie haben wir die Remineralisierungsaktivität zwei verschiedener Materialien, Calciumhydroxid und Glashybrid, auf künstlichen Residualläsionen in vitro verglichen. Methoden: Auf humanen Dentinscheiben (n=20) wurden künstliche Residualläsionen (medianer Mineralverlust ΔZ [25./75. Perzentile] =1643 [1301/1858] Vol.%×µm) chemisch induziert. Die Dentinscheiben wurden in fünf Teile geteilt, von denen einer als Ausgangsprobe diente. Die restlichen vier Teile dienten als Versuchsgruppen, wobei jede mit einem anderen Material oder einer anderen Materialkombination beschichtet wurde (n=20/Gruppe): Fließfähiges Komposit (CO) ohne Liner (Kontrolle), abbindendes und nicht abbindendes Kalziumhydroxid, bedeckt mit fließfähigem Komposit (CH-S, CH-NS), Glashybrid (GH). Die Proben wurden in einem Zweikammergerät montiert, das eine Simulation von Pulpaflüssigkeit ermöglichte. Die Pulpaoberflächen wurden der simulierten Pulpaflüssigkeit bei 2,94 kPa ausgesetzt, während die koronalen Oberflächen einem künstlichen Speichel ausgesetzt und einmal wöchentlich mit 200 ppm NaF gespült wurden. Die Lösungen wurden regelmäßig alle 14 Tage gewechselt. Nach 12 Wochen wurden die Unterschiede im Mineralverlust im Vergleich zur Ausgangsprobe mittels transversaler Mikroradiographie ausgewertet. Die Fluorid- und Strontiumkonzentrationen in exemplarischen Proben wurden mittels Field Emission Electron Probe Micro-Analyzer (FE-EPMA) analysiert. Ergebnisse: Der Mineralgewinn in CO (Negativkontrolle) betrug ΔΔZ=372 (115/501) Vol.%×µm, dies war nicht signifikant unterschiedlich zu CH-S (ΔΔZ=317 [229/919] Vol.%×µm) oder CH-NS (ΔΔZ=292 [130/579] Vol.%×µm), (p>0.05/Wilcoxon-Test), aber während der Mineralgewinn in GH signifikant höher war (ΔΔZ=1044 [751/1264] Vol.%×µm, p

De fysische, chemische en microbiologische gevaren van het opwerken van vezelcomponenten uit reststromen van uien zijn geanalyseerd op basis van literatuuronderzoek. Uienreststromen zijn geschikt voor het winnen van olie door middel van stoomdestillatie of eiwitten door middel van iso-elektrische precipitatie. Bij deze processen wordt ook de uienschil verwerkt. Er blijft o.a. een vezelrijke fractie over die in principe geschikt is voor humane consumptie. Fysische vreemde delen vormen zeer zelden een acuut risico voor de gezondheid. De meest voorkomende pesticiden op ui zijn maleïnehydrazide, fluopyram en fipronil. Incidenteel kan de maximaal toelaatbare hoeveelheid van een pesticide overschreden worden, maar dit heeft geen acute nadelige gezondheidsgevolgen. Van zware metalen is er alleen Europese wetgeving voor gehaltes aan lood en cadmium in ui. Microbiologische gevaren voor de processen zijn gerelateerd aan vegetatieve cellen, toxines of sporen van pathogenen. Vegetatieve cellen zijn alleen een risico voor onverhitte vezelfracties of na kruisbesmetting. Toxines kunnen nog actief zijn na stoomdestillatie en ook na pasteurisatie van eiwitpasta. Hetzelfde geldt voor de sporen van bacteriën. Om ontkieming van sporen te voorkomen moet de uienstroom boven 48 °C gehouden worden of snel worden gekoeld .

International Transaction Journal of Engineering, Management, & Applied Sciences & Technologies, 13, 11, 13A11T: 1-7

The analysis presented in this article concerns one of the newest philosophical novels of Aldo Nove, entitled “Il professore di Viggiù” (2018). In the book the author presents an invented interview with mysterious person, by which he transmits reflections on human life in the modern world. The text evokes the existential issues concerning the increasingly precarious conditions in which people live torn between doubts about the reality of their own being. The aim of the research is to emphasize the motifs which can be seen in the work of the Italian writer and to answer the questions related to his way of showing the consumer society.

De fysische, chemische en microbiologische gevaren van het opwerken van vezelcomponenten uit reststromen van uien zijn geanalyseerd op basis van literatuuronderzoek. Uienreststromen zijn geschikt voor het winnen van olie door middel van stoomdestillatie of eiwitten door middel van iso-elektrische precipitatie. Bij deze processen wordt ook de uienschil verwerkt. Er blijft o.a. een vezelrijke fractie over die in principe geschikt is voor humane consumptie. Fysische vreemde delen vormen zeer zelden een acuut risico voor de gezondheid. De meest voorkomende pesticiden op ui zijn maleïnehydrazide, fluopyram en fipronil. Incidenteel kan de maximaal toelaatbare hoeveelheid van een pesticide overschreden worden, maar dit heeft geen acute nadelige gezondheidsgevolgen. Van zware metalen is er alleen Europese wetgeving voor gehaltes aan lood en cadmium in ui. Microbiologische gevaren voor de processen zijn gerelateerd aan vegetatieve cellen, toxines of sporen van pathogenen. Vegetatieve cellen zijn alleen een risico voor onverhitte vezelfracties of na kruisbesmetting. Toxines kunnen nog actief zijn na stoomdestillatie en ook na pasteurisatie van eiwitpasta. Hetzelfde geldt voor de sporen van bacteriën. Om ontkieming van sporen te voorkomen moet de uienstroom boven 48 °C gehouden worden of snel worden gekoeld .

Obesity is becoming increasingly common all over the world and global strategies are accordingly being developed to prevent it. In order to support the strategies, the effects of green apple (Golden Delicious) and the consumption of its three major flavonols (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-D-galactoside, and quercetin-3-rhamnoside) on body weight; the weight of liver, kidney, and spleen; some lipid parameters in serum; and total lipid ratios of liver and kidney and oxidative stress parameters of obese rats were studied. This study was conducted on two experimental groups: one of which was given an apple, and the other was given flavonols, in addition to their high-energy diet; along with a sham and a control rat group, for 4 weeks. According to results, there was no difference in body and organ weights between groups. The liver and kidney weights increased in obese rats, but there was no difference between the total lipid ratios in these organs. The addition of green apple and selected flavonols to the high-energy diet of rats was not sufficient to prevent the increase in body and organ weights, but it supported the reduction in some lipid fractions and in oxidative stress parameters of obese rats. Moreover, this study supported the argument that obesity causes most of the lipid fractions increase in serum and induces oxidative stress.

In sectorization problems, a large district is split into small ones, usually meeting certain criteria. In this study, at first, two single-objective integer programming models for sectorization are presented. Models contain sector centers and customers, which are known beforehand. Sectors are established by assigning a subset of customers to each center, regarding objective functions like equilibrium and compactness. Pulp and Pyomo libraries available in Python are utilised to solve related benchmarks. The problems are then solved using a genetic algorithm available in Pymoo, which is a library in Python that contains evolutionary algorithms. Furthermore, the multi-objective versions of the models are solved with NSGA-II and RNSGA-II from Pymoo. A comparison is made among solution approaches. Between solvers, Gurobi performs better, while in the case of setting proper parameters and operators the evolutionary algorithm in Pymoo is better in terms of solution time, particularly for larger benchmarks.

The goal of this review is to provide an overview of the current findings on the major carotenoids and their content in pumpkin products and by-products. The content of total carotenoids and the composition of carotenoids in pumpkins depend mainly on the species and cultivar, pedoclimatic conditions, the part of the plant (pulp, peel or seed), extraction procedures and the type of solvent used for extraction. The major carotenoids identified in pumpkins were β-carotene, α-carotene, lutein and zeaxanthin. β-Carotene is the major carotenoid in most pumpkin species. The number and content of total carotenoids are higher when minor carotenoids and ester forms are considered. The use of carotenoids in the development of functional foods has been the topic of many versatile studies in recent years, as they add significant value to foods associated with numerous health benefits. In view of this, pumpkin and pumpkin by-products can serve as a valuable source of carotenoids.

In this paper, the architecture of a fully pipelined discrete cosine transform ( DCT) hardware accelerator for a JPEG encoder is proposed. The integration of the accelerator into the parallel ultra-low power (PULP) platform is also demonstrated. The accelerator architecture is divided into two one-dimensional transform cores with one transpose buffer between them . With the designed accelerator, it is possible to calculate one 2D DCT operation in 32 cycles with a latency of 80 cycles. The JPEG DCT hardware accelerator is integrated into the PULP cluster as a separate processing element (PE) and successfully implemented on the Xilinx ZC706 evaluation board. The accelerator can achieve the performance of up to 1.78M transformations per second working on the clock frequency of 57 MHz.

Aim.To study the morphological changes in the tooth pulp of experimental animals when modelling acute partial pulpitis using calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin and calcium hydroxide.Materials and methods.An experimental model of acute partial pulpitis was applied including the formation of a cavity on the lingual surface of the tooth, which corresponded to advanced caries in terms of depth, followed by a slight perforation up to the tooth pulp with a sharp probe. This model of acute partial pulpitis was reproduced for 32 teeth in four sexually mature rams. The teeth were extracted together with the surrounding sockets 15, 30 and 90 days after the modelling of pulpitis, followed by their fi xation in 10% solution of neutral formalin. Decalcification was performed in 25% solution of Trilon B. The material was poured into celloidin; histological sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin according to Masson’s trichrome procedure.Results.The histological examination of pulp from the main group (calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin) revealed the formation of a biological barrier from secondary dentin in the area of the cavity and perforation up to the pulp chamber on the 90th day after the experiment started. The tooth pulp revealed no signs of an inflammatory process. On the 90th day after the experiment started, no pronounced morphological changes in the main substance and dentinal tubules in the area of the cavity walls were noted in the coronal pulp of experimental animals from the comparison group (calcium hydroxide). A focal chronic inflammatory process was noted in the tooth pulp.Conclusion.It was established that the use of calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin in the experimentally created model of acute partial pulpitis was accompanied by the formation of a biological barrier and a well-developed zone of reparative dentin in the area of the cavity and perforation up to the pulp chamber, as compared to the group where calcium hydroxide was used. Thus, the study results confirmed the efficay of using calcium silicate modified with light-cured resin within the biological method for treating acute partial pulpitis, which shortens the functional recovery of tooth pulp.

Wood biorefining currently involves large-scale industrial processes where a notable portion of raw materials, namely hemicelluloses and lignin, are either lost with the process water, degraded, or burnt for energy. Value added utilization of polymeric hemicelluloses is challenging due to their intermediate molar mass and the presence of other wood components, such as phenolic residues or wood extractives. Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions represent a diverse and abundant class of applications in which the natural properties of wood hemicelluloses are beneficial. In the current work, we present highly promising new technical alkyd paint emulsion systems stabilized with hardwood glucuronoxylans (GX) and softwood galactoglucomannans (GGM). Samples from three isolation methods and their further fractionation by ethanol precipitation were systematically compared with regard to hemicellulose composition, interfacial activity, and functionality in emulsions. Emulsification of alkyd resins was successful with both GX and GGM obtained by various biorefining strategies. The highest emulsion stability over storage was achieved using crude non-purified GX and GGM fractions, and was correlated with the presence of phenolic compounds and extractives, interfacial activity, and small droplet size. Hardwood GX and softwood GGM are envisioned as natural emulsifiers of alkyd O/W emulsions, which are examples of diverse and abundantly-used technical dispersions. This study can be utilized as a guideline for targeted extraction of hemicelluloses with desired functionality, and as a protocol for developing environmentally-compatible industrial dispersions.

The aim of the study was to compare the mineral content between the peel and the pulp of citrus fruits and to determine which citrus fruit, among orange (Citrus sinensis), pomelo (Citrus maxima), mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco), lemon (Citrus limon), key lime (Citrus aurantifolia), and red, yellow, or green grapefruit (Citrus paradisi), is the richest in minerals. The research material consisted of fresh citrus fruits belonging to the genus Citrus L in the family Rutaceae. The fruits were purchased at a supermarket at one time. To prepare laboratory samples, each fruit was cut in half, and one half was homogenized, treating the sample as a whole (peel + flesh), while the other half was peeled and the pulp (F) and peel (P) were homogenized separately. To determine the content of minerals (Na+, K+, Ca+2, Mg+2, Fe+2, Zn+2, Cu+2, Mn+2, and Se+2), the samples were mineralized and analyzed using an Analytik Jena PlasmaQuant PQ 9000 inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The content of macro- and micronutrients in the peel of most of the fruits far exceeded their quantity in the pulp. Oranges and pomelos are the fruits richest in iron and copper, so they could be recommended in cases such as hemoglobin production disorders resulting from a deficiency of these elements. Oranges can additionally enrich the body with potassium, phosphorus, and manganese, while lime can be a source of calcium, zinc, sodium, and especially potassium. It should also be noted that all citrus fruits are a very valuable source of potassium, which is needed to ensure the water and electrolyte balance.

In this paper, the concept of the number of ideal stages of dilution and thickening commonly used for the description of counter-current washing systems was applied to quantify the efficiency of displacement washing of pulp. Two kraft pulps cooked from beech and spruce with one soda pulp from rapeseed straw and delignified to the relative high kappa number ranging of 49.7 to 51.6 were undergone to the displacement washing using water as the wash liquid. Besides the traditional displacement ratio, the efficiency of displacement washing was expressed by the number of ideal counter-current washing stages as a function of the Péclet number and dimensionless dispersion length. The results described by the correlation equations showed that the kraft pulps cooked form beech and spruce seem to be better washable comparing to soda rapeseed pulp. Koncepce teoretických stupňů tvořených zředěním a následným zahuštěním, která se běžně používá k popisu protiproudých pracích linek, byla využita k určení účinnosti vytěsňovacího praní buničiny. Dvě sulfátové buničiny uvařené z buku a ze smrku a jedna natronová buničina z řepkové slámy, které byly delignifikovány na relativně vysoké kappa číslo od 49,7 do 51,6, byly prány vytěsňovacím způsobem, kdy jako prací kapalina byla použita voda. Vedle tradičního vytěsňovacího poměru byla účinnost praní vyjádřena počtem ideálních protiproudých stupňů v závislosti na Pécletově kritériu a bezrozměrné disperzní délce. Výsledky popsané korelačními rovnice ukázaly, že sulfátová buničina z buku a smrku byla vyprána dokonaleji než natronová buničina z řepkové slámy.

Sediment from a log pond located in south Finland contained 15 000 to 50 000 mg/kg dry weight of C10 -C40 hydrocarbons. It was unclear whether they originated from the hydraulic fluid of the log hoist or the wood extractives. In the present study, methods of effect-directed analysis were used for the identification of toxicants. A combination of fractionation, biotesting, and chemical analyses revealed that the key toxicant of log pond sediment was retene, a dialkyl-substituted phenanthrene derived from wood resin acids. In addition, the most toxic fraction included 3 other wood-originated diterpenic compounds. Typical wood extractives such as sesquiterpenes and odd-carbon number alkanes in the range C21 -C33 were identified in the fraction, which showed minor genotoxic potency. The most polar fraction contained triterpenes and showed estrogenic activity. No evidence for the presence of hydraulic fluid in sediment was found. The study also indicated that in cases where the organic matter content of sediment or soil is high, using the results of standard mineral oil analysis in risk management can lead to incorrect actions because standard methods do not differentiate petroleum hydrocarbons from biogenic hydrocarbons. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;9999:1-11. © 2019 SETAC.

11 páginas.- 4 figuras.- 2 tablas.- 50 referncias.- (This article belongs to the Section Fruit Production Systems), In this study, avocados of the Hass variety cultivated in Almuñécar (Granada, Spain) are analyzed after soil mulching with pruning debris. The mulch treatment assay was composed of pruning wastes from subtropical crops (avocado, cherimoya, and mango) and garden wastes from the surrounding areas. The aim of this work is to analyze the nutrient content in avocado fruit and the effect of pruning-waste mulching on fruit development over four years. Avocado fruits collected in 2013, 2016, and 2017 were weighed, their volume and their sugar content were calculated, and macro- and micronutrients were analyzed in the peel, pulp, and stone (endocarp and seed). The pulp contained the highest concentration of nutrients, especially Cu, Zn, P, Na, and Ca. The peel presented high concentrations of Mn, K, and N, while the stone recorded the lowest values in nutrients, with the greatest decreases in years with the lowest precipitations registered. Over the study period, a decline was detected in the nutrient concentrations related to the alternation of high and low yields, typical of this crop, due to environmental factors. In the years 2016 and 2017, avocados accumulated higher amounts of micronutrients and P, presumably because of greater water availability in the soil. During the study period, the application of pruning wastes did not affect the nutrient concentration of fruits except for the garden pruning waste in certain elements in the pulp during the last study year., This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) (Ref.: CGL-2013-46665-R).

In recent years there has been an extensive search for nature-based products with functional potential. All structural parts of Physalis alkekengi (bladder cherry), including fruits, pulp, and less-explored parts, such as seeds and peel, can be considered sources of functional macro- and micronutrients, bioactive compounds, such as vitamins, minerals, polyphenols, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, and dietetic fiber. The chemical composition of all fruit structural parts (seeds, peel, and pulp) of two phenotypes of P. alkekengi were studied. The seeds were found to be a rich source of oil, yielding 14-17%, with abundant amounts of unsaturated fatty acids (over 88%) and tocopherols, or vitamin E (up to 5378 mg/kg dw; dry weight). The predominant fatty acid in the seed oils was linoleic acid, followed by oleic acid. The seeds contained most of the fruit's protein (16-19% dw) and fiber (6-8% dw). The peel oil differed significantly from the seed oil in fatty acid and tocopherol composition. Seed cakes, the waste after oil extraction, contained arginine and aspartic acid as the main amino acids; valine, phenylalanine, threonine, and isoleucine were present in slightly higher amounts than the other essential amino acids. They were also rich in key minerals, such as K, Mg, Fe, and Zn. From the peel and pulp fractions were extracted fruit concretes, aromatic products with specific fragrance profiles, of which volatile compositions (GC-MS) were identified. The major volatiles in peel and pulp concretes were beta-linalool, alpha-pinene, and gamma-terpinene. The results from the investigation substantiated the potential of all the studied fruit structures as new sources of bioactive compounds that could be used as prospective sources in human and animal nutrition, while the aroma-active compounds in the concretes supported the plant's potential in perfumery and cosmetics., IGA FT 2022/004, Tomas Bata University in Zlin, Faculty of Technology [IGA FT 2022/004]

This research deals with a process of catalytic oxidation of flax shives to vanillin and pulp. Catalytic oxidation of flax shives with molecular oxygen allows two main products to be obtained—vanillin with a yield of up to 12 wt.% of lignin, and pulp. Final forms of the catalyst particles (Cu2O and CuO) are agglomerates or monocrystals 0.5–5 µm in size. Acid prehydrolysis of the shives does not affect the oxidation, in contrast to pine-wood oxidation. Lignin prehydrolysis and oxidation was suggested as illustrate this difference. The dependence of the vanillin formation rate on stirring speed was studied. Minimum alkali consumption in the process was attained with a mild stirring speed of the reaction mass.

Purpose: The objective of the research was to determine the relationship be¬tween root apices and maxillary sinus wall, and to analyze pulpoapical conditions of 2nd premolars, 1st molars, 2nd molars, 3rd molars using cone beam computerized tomography (CBCT).Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on a retrospective manner of CBCT images of 1000 maxillary sinus with 500 subjects, who visited the Department of Dento-Maxillofacial Radiology. The association of each teeth with sinus floor and pulpoapical status were categorized. The association among gender, age, lateralization of sinus cavity were evaluated.Results: A total of 602 second premolars, 500 first molars, 623 second molars, 347 third molars were evaluated. There were no significant differences between pulpoapical condition of teeth and gender or left and right sides (P=0.065, P=0.072). There were significant associations between pulpoapical condition of all teeth and age (P=0.023), and the relationship of each root with maxillary sinus and age (P=0.037). There was significant association between vertical position and right/left sides in second and third molars (P=0.033). Conclusion: Age seems to have relationship with periapical condition of teeth, and the association of root with the sinus cavity.

The Notch signaling pathway is a fundamental regulator of cell fate determination in homeostasis and regeneration. In this work, we aimed to determine how Notch signaling mediates the interactions between perivascular stem cells and their niches in human dental mesenchymal tissues, both in homeostatic and regenerative conditions. By single cell RNA sequencing analysis, we showed that perivascular cells across the dental pulp and periodontal human tissues all express NOTCH3, and that these cells are important for the response to traumatic injuries in vivo in a transgenic mouse model. We further showed that the behavior of perivascular NOTCH3‐expressing stem cells could be modulated by cellular and molecular cues deriving from their microenvironments. Taken together, the present studies, reinforced by single‐cell analysis, reveal the pivotal importance of Notch signaling in the crosstalk between perivascular stem cells and their niches in tissue homeostasis and regeneration., In the dental pulp and the periodontium, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are highly similar, are mostly located around blood vessels, and express NOTCH3. These NOTCH3 + MSCs are important for the reaction of dental tissues to injury. In both tissues, endothelial cells adjacent to NOTCH3 + MSCs express NOTCH ligands, which could thus mediate the molecular crosstalk between MSCs and their perivascular niche.

Purpose: To evaluate the temperature changes in primary teeth pulp chambers of different dentin thicknesses during polymerization of four glass ionomer-based restorative materials. Materials and methods: Eighty extracted, caries‑free, primary molars were prepared as standardized Class I occlusal cavities with dentin thicknesses of 1 mm and 2 mm. Four glass ionomerbased restorative materials, Dyract XP, Photac Fil Quick Aplicap, Fuji II LC, and GCP Glass Fill, were placed in the cavities and cured with two light-curing units. Temperature increases (initial temperature, 37°C) in the pulp chamber during polymerization were recorded by a J-type thermocouple in a pulpal microcirculation set-up. The data were analyzed with Variance analyses and Tukey tests. Results: The temperatures recorded in samples with dentin thicknesses of 1 mm and 2 mm exhibited statistically significant differences (p

Aim: The aim of this study was to systematically review the applications of adipose tissue stem cells (ADSCs) in regenerative dentistry. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was conducted in Medline (PubMed) and Scopus databases. The original research associated with the role of ADSCs in regeneration of alveolar bone, periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum as well as the dental pulp was evaluated. Among the included studies, three animal studies and one human study had low risk of bias. Results: A total of 33 relevant studies were included in the review. The animal models, in vivo human, and in vitro studies revealed that ADSCs had a significant osteogenic differentiation potential. Besides, they had potential to differentiate into PDL, cementum, and dental pulp tissue. Conclusion: The ADSCs may be specifically applied for bone tissue engineering in the management of alveolar bone defects, specifically in dental implants and periodontal disease. However, their role in regeneration of PDL, cementum, and dental pulp requires further investigations. Overall, their applications in regenerative dentistry needs further verification through human clinical trials.

Фелькер Мария Николаевна, канд. техн. наук, доцент кафедры автоматизации технологических процессов, Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Березниковский филиал, г. Березники; erymarya@yandex.ru. Бахтерева Карина Дмитриевна, магистрант, Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет, Березниковский филиал, г. Березники; ganzert_karina96@mail.ru. M.N. Fel’ker, erymarya@yandex.ru, K.D. Bakhtereva, ganzert_karina96@mail.ru Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Berezniki Branch, Berezniki, Russian Federation В статье рассмотрены создание алгоритма и синтез двухконтурной системы автоматического управления уровнем и плотностью вместо действующей одноконтурной. Цель исследования. Стабилизация плотности и стабилизация питания флотационной машины с помощью создания двухконтурной системы автоматического управления уровнем и плотностью с целью улучшения качества конечного продукта. Материалы и методы. Поскольку в системе нет чистого запаздывания, то настройка регулятора производится по методу параметрической оптимизации, а именно: по критериям модульного оптимума (МО) или симметричного оптимума (СО). Для настройки контура применяется также критерий МО/СО. Все системы автоматического управления реализованы в программном пакете MATLAB Simulink. После синтеза локальных и комбинированных систем автоматического регулирования (САР) рассчитываются основные показатели качества, чтобы узнать, какая из САР является наиболее приемлемой. Качество управления определяется по такими показателям, как время переходного процесса, перерегулирование и ошибка системы. Первые два показателя показывают динамику процесса, а последний показатель показывает точность системы. Заключение. Готовая двухконтурная система автоматического управления, разработанная в программном пакете MATLAB Simulink, согласно анализу полученных показателей регулирования процесса обеспечивает стабилизацию плотности и уровня в агитационном чане для флотации. The article discusses the creation of an algorithm and the synthesis of a two-loop automatic control system for level and density, instead of the current single-loop one. Aim. Density stabilization and stabilization of the flotation machine power supply by creating a two-circuit automatic level and density control system in order to improve the quality of the final product. Materials and methods. Since there is no net lag in the system, the controller is tuned using the parametric optimization method, namely: according to the criteria of modular (MO) or symmetric optimum (CO). The MO/CO criterion is also used to adjust the contour. All automatic control systems are obtained in the MATLAB Simulink software package. Control quality is measured by metrics such as transient time, overshoot, and system error. The first two indicators show the dynamics of the process, and the last indicator shows the accuracy of the system. Conclusion. The finished two-loop automatic control system, developed in the software package MATLAB Simulink, according to the analysis of the obtained process parameters, provides stabilization of the density and level in the agitation tank for flotation.

Elmas, Gulnur Mertoglu/0000-0002-4481-3850 WOS:000457598100010 Nowadays, decreasing raw material for the production of pulp from wood has led to search for alternative sources. For this reason, the possibilities of using existing natural species in pulp production are being investigated. White poplar (Populus alba L.), which is a widespread naturally-grown in many parts of Turkey, has the potential to be an alternative pulp raw material. In this study, the fiber dimensions of heartwood and sapwood of white poplar were prepared for microscobic measurements. Also, the relationships between fiber dimensions measured were examined with a specific view to fiber morphology to evaluate their suitability for pulp production. The fiber length of heartwood is higher due to having more 5 year-old groups on it. The changes in the fiber diameter of the sapwood and heartwood by the ages usually showed a polynomial course. The age-related changes were increased from min to average values in the fiber wall width of the heartwood. The felting rate of heartwood indicated that a pulp with proportionally more heartwood would yield a paper with better physical properties, especially tear strength. Based on the results the muhlstep ratio of heartwood and sapwood that both woods are suitable for paper production.

Pollution from the international dye industry continues to be a global problem. Biotechnology offers new options, including a closer look at select wood decay fungi to replace inorganic dyes. The pigments produced by a small group of soft rotting fungi are generally naphthoquinonic and remarkably stable. From this group, the dramada crystals, produced by Scytalidium cuboideum, are of particular interest. To test the application of this pigment as a natural colorant of cellulosic pulps, four different bleached pulps were selected (one hardwood, three softwood), in three different mediums (acetone, ethanol, and DI water). The pigment generated a significant change of color, but there was no significant difference in color intensity based on the solvent carrier. These preliminary results are promising as they open the door for further exploration of applications of fungal pigments in the paper industry. Once these pigments can be reliably grown, they will offer a sustainable organic alternative to polluting inorganic dyestuffs and help reduce the toxic effluent released into the soil and waterways.

Cellulose fibers come in a wide range of shapes and sizes. The heterogeneity of the fiber length, width, wall thickness, curl and external fibrillation is detrimental to the mechanical performance of products such as paper and paperboard. Although micro-mechanical models of these materials sometimes incorporate features of this heterogeneity, so far there is no standardized method of fully incorporating this. We examine a large number of industrial mechanical fiber pulps to determine what information such a standardized method would have to have. We find that the method must allow for both non-Gaussian distributions and dependence between the variables. We present a method of characterizing mechanical pulp under these conditions that views the individual fiber as outcome of a sampling process from a multivariate distribution function. The method is generally applicable to any dataset, even a non-Gaussian one with dependencies. Using a micro-mechanical model of a paper sheet the proposed method is compared with previously presented methods to study whether incorporating both a varying fiber size and dependencies is necessary to match the response of a sheet modeled with measured characterization data. The results demonstrate that micro-mechanical models of paper and paperboard should not neglect the influence of the dependence between the characteristic shape features of the fibers if the model is meant to match physical experiments. © 2022 The Authors

Resumen La cidra Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., se encuentra entre los alimentos con bajo contenido de grasa y alto contenido en Abra, vitaminas y minerales y puede ser utilizada como vehículo para la adición de compuestos bioactivos. El proceso de impregnación a vacío (IV) se utiliza como alternativa para la conservación y adición de compuestos bioactivos y solutos, mejorando las características nutricionales y sensoriales, para realizar este proceso se utilizaron los frutos de mora y uva por su atractivo color, jugosidad, sabor agradable y alto contenido de vitaminas, minerales y compuestos fenólicos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la cinética de impregnación a vacío de paralelepípedos de cidra en formulaciones de mora y uva. Se prepararon cinco formulaciones % v/v con pulpa de mora y uva (A:100% mora, B:100% uva, C: 25% mora/75% uva, D:50% mora/50%uva, E:75% uva/25% mora), la cidra se troceó en geometría de paralelepípedos y se sumergieron en las formulaciones para realizar la IV aplicando un pulso de vacío de 50 mbar los primeros 5 min seguido de restauración de la presión atmosférica durante 5 min; este procedimiento se repitió hasta alcanzar peso constante. Las muestras de cidra alcanzaron el equilibrado entre 100 y 120 min de tratamiento. La formulación D fue la que mejor respondió a este sistema de presiones, ya que los paralelepípedos presentaron menor pérdida de peso lo que indica mayor ganancia de solutos. Abstract The citron Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., is among the foods with low fat content and high content in fiber, vitamins and minerals and can be used as a vehicle for the addition of bioactive compounds. The process of vacuum impregnation (IV) is used as an alternative for the conservation and addition of bioactive compounds and solutes, improving the nutritional and sensorial characteristics. To carry out this process, the fruits of blackberry and grape were used for their attractive color, juiciness, pleasant flavor and high content of vitamins, minerals and phenolic compounds. The objective of this investigation was to determine the kinetics of vacuum impregnation of parallelepipeds of citron in blackberry and grape formulations. Five formulations were prepared% v / v with blackberry and grape pulp (A: 100% blackberry, B: 100% grape, C: 25% blackberry / 75% grape, D: 50% blackberry / 50% grape, E: 75 % grape / 25% delay), the citron was chopped into geometry of parallelepipeds and submerged in the formulations to perform the IV by applying a vacuum pulse of 50 mbar for the first 5 min followed by restoration of atmospheric pressure for 5 min; this procedure was repeated until constant weight was reached. The citron samples reached a balance between 100 and 120 min of treatment. Formulation D was the one that best responded to this system of pressures, since the parallelepipeds presented less weight loss, which indicates greater solute gain. Resumo O citrino Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw., Está entre os alimentos com baixo teor de gordura e alto conteúdo em fibras, vitaminas e minerais e pode ser usado como veículo para a adição de compostos bioativos. O processo de impregnação a vácuo (IV) é usado como alternativa para a conservação e adição de compostos e solutos bioativos, melhorando as características nutricionais e sensoriais. Para realizar este processo, os frutos de amora e uva foram utilizados para sua atraente cor, suculência, sabor agradável e alto teor de vitaminas, minerais e compostos fenólicos. O objetivo desta investigação foi determinar a cinética da impregnação a vácuo de paralelepípedos de cidra em formulações de amora e uva. Foram preparadas cinco formulações0/) v / v com polpa de amora e uva (A: 100% de amora, B: 100% de uva, C: 25% de amora / 75% de uva, D: 50% de amora / 50% de uva, E: 75 % de uva / 25% de atraso), o citrino foi cortado em geometria de paralelepípedos e submergido nas formulações para realizar IV aplicando um pulso de vácuo de 50 mbar durante os primeiros 5 minutos seguido de restauração da pressão atmosférica por 5 min; Este procedimento foi repetido até atingir peso constante. As amostras de cidra atingiram um equilíbrio entre 100 e 120 minutos de tratamento. A formulação D foi a que melhor respondeu a este sistema de pressões, uma vez que os paralelepípedos apresentaram menos perda de peso, o que indica maior ganho de soluto.

Aim. This study was designed for the morphological assessment of the state of tooth pulp tissues after simulated acute 29 Kubanskij nauchnyj medicinskij vestnik 2018; 25 (5) trauma under the influence of the developed dental treatment pad and three analogues in the treatment of deep caries and acute focal pulpitis.Materials and methods.In the course of the experiment the study was conducted on white laboratory rats. The cavities on the molar chewing surface of the upper jaw were formed by spherical burs. The experimentally formed lesions of the surface layer of the pulp were treated using the developed dental preparation and three analogues. Laboratory animals were withdrawn from the experiment on days 3, 7 and 30. Animal teeth were put in a 10% neutral formalin solution, decalcified for 3 days and then put into a mounting medium. The slices obtained had a thickness of 5-15 μm.Results. In the course of the experimental study we detected the activation of reactive and compensatory processes in the tooth pulp tissue with the preservation of its viability by using the developed dental therapeutic preparation and the Biodentin as a comparison preparation on the 30th day of the experiment. Histologically, these changes were expressed in an increase in the level of metabolic processes and in the activation of cellular elements of the tooth pulp tissue on the 30th day of the experiment.Conclusion. As a result of an experimental study of the developed dental therapeutic preparation for the treatment of deep caries and acute focal pulpitis, there was established a specific and multifunctional property in preventing and prophylaxis of the inflammation development and enhancing the protective properties of the pulp tissue under the influence of this preparation.Morphological evaluation of the application of the developed dental treatment pad showed a rapid arrest of the inflammatory response of the pulp tissue within 30 days and the normalization of the main components of the tooth pulp.Developed during the conducted experimental research dental therapeutic preparation confirmed its stated properties, in particular, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, moreover, it is not inferior in its properties to the drugs presented in the course of the experimental study.

Adsorptive fouling, by phenolic compounds, is a serious issue regarding the development and use of membrane based filtration technologies for water purification and wastewater treatment. We have developed a novel, combined, protocol of Raman spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) experiments, along with molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, to study the interaction of vanillin, a model phenolic compound, with the polyethersulfone (PES) surface of a membrane. The adsorption of vanillin to the PES surface was found to be highly pH dependent; the source of this was determined, by MD simulation, to be the stronger interaction with the protonated form of vanillin, predominant at low pH. Vanillin interacts with the PES surface, both through entropy driven, hydrophobic, interactions and, for the case of the protonated form, H-bonding of the hydroxyl group with the sulphur oxygens of the PES molecules. In addition to general insight into the fouling process that can be used to develop new methods to inhibit adsorptive fouling, our results also elucidate the specific interaction of the PES membrane with vanillin that can be used in the development of anti-fouling coatings, based on the structure of vanillin. Post-print / Final draft

PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk Tangerang merupakan salah satu produsen besar yang memproduksi kertas. Struktur organisasi perusahaan bertipe fungsional dengan total tenaga kerja kurang lebih mencapai 1300 orang. Manajemen persediaan di PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk Tangerang dikelola oleh Departemen Material Management (MM). Sistem penggunaan bahan baku berupa pulp yang diterapkan di PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk Tangerang adalah make by order. Pelaksanaan proses produksi di PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk Tangerang tidak dapat mendatangkan bahan baku secara satu persatu. Bahan baku tersebut pada umumnya akan dibeli dalam jumlah tertentu, dimana dengan jumlah yang tersedia ini akan dipergunakan untuk menunjang pelaksanaan proses produksi perusahaan yang bersangkutan dalam beberapa waktu tertentu pula. Pada keadaan semacam ini, maka bahan baku yang sudah dibeli oleh perusahaan namun belum dipergunakan untuk proses produksi, akan masuk sebagai persediaan bahan baku dalam perusahaan tersebut. Hasil peramalan persediaan bahan baku satu tahun ke depan digunakan sebagai pedoman perusahaan untuk estimasi penerimaan order berdasarkan data historis persediaan bahan baku dua tahun terakhir, yaitu Agustus 2014 – Juli 2017. Model SARIMA (Seasonal ARIMA) terbaik yaitu (0,1,1) (0,1,1)4 dengan MSE 0.0000109 ABSTRACT PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk. Tangerang is one of the major producers producing paper. The organizational structure of a functional enterprise type with a total workforce of approximately 1300 people. Inventory management at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk. Tangerang is managed by the Department of Materials Management (MM). The system of use of raw materials in the form of pulp applied in PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk. Tangerang is Make By Order. In the implementation of production process at PT. Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper Tbk. Tangerang can not bring raw materials one by one. The raw materials will generally be purchased in certain quantities, which with the amount available will be used to support the implementation of the production process of the company concerned in some particular time as well. With this kind of circumstances, the raw materials that have been purchased by the company but not yet used for the production process will enter as raw material inventory in the company. The result of forecasting of raw material inventory is used as a guideline for the company to estimate the receipt of orders based on historical data of the last two years, namely August 2014 - July 2017. The best SARIMA (Seasonal ARIMA) model is (0,1,1) (0,1,1) 4 with MSE 0.0000109

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:27:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-09-21 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Vegetal fibers produced from agroindustrial resources have been used as reinforcement in cementitious materials in the macro, micro and nanometric scales. The cellulosic pulp, besides being used as the reinforcing element, is also the processing fiber that is responsible for the filtration system in the Hatschek method. On the other hand, the nanofibrillated cellulose has the advantage of having good mechanical performance and high specific surface, which contributes to improve the adhesion between fiber and matrix. In hybrid reinforcement, with both micro and nanofibers, the cellulose performs bonding elements with the matrix and acts as stress transfer bridges in the micro and nano‐cracking network, with corresponding strengthening and toughening of the cementitious composite. Some strategies are studied to mitigate the degradation of the vegetal fibers used in cost‐effective and non-conventional fiber cement, as well as to reach sustainable fiber cement production. As a practical example, accelerated carbonation curing at early age is a developing technology to increase the durability of composite materials: it decreases porosity, promotes a higher density in the interface, generating a good fiber–matrix adhesion and a better mechanical behavior. Thus, vegetal fibers are potentially applicable to produce high mechanical performance and sustainable cementitious materials for use in civil construction. University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Biosystems Engineering Research Nucleus on Materials for Biosystems São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Materials and Technology, Campus Guaratinguetá University of São Paulo (USP) Department of Civil Construction Engineering São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Materials and Technology, Campus Guaratinguetá FAPESP: 2012/51467‐3 FAPESP: 2015/21079‐0 CNPq: 312151/2016‐0 CNPq: 406429/2015

International audience; Two distinct lignocellulosic fractions (rind and core) can be obtained through a physical separation of sugarcane stalks. Although presenting differences in morphology, both fractions can be employed to produce pulps and papers. The pulps and paper sheets produced from the core and rind fractions were characterized by their chemical composition, physical properties and mechanical properties. The pulps obtained from the core presented a higher amount of fines, lower drainage ability and rendered denser and stiffer sheets. The pulps from the rind, which have a higher content of fibers and higher degree of polymerization, produced sheets with higher air permeability and water absorption. Both paper sheets presented mechanical and physical properties comparable to commercial papers and papers from different cellulosic sources. The different properties exhibited by the papers produced from each fraction allow their use for distinct purposes, and expands the opportunities in the context of sugarcane biorefinery.

Tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) is an Andean fruit crop that is grown in Ecuador. It is an exceptional source of minerals and vitamins, thus has nutraceutical properties. The objective of this research was to carry out a phytochemical characterization of a breeding population composed of 90 segregants. Pulp (including mesocarp, mucilage, seeds and placenta) was ground and sieved in order to obtain the liquid pulp to be lyophilized for the chemical analyzes. Antioxidants compounds were determined by spectrophotometry and vitamin C by reflectometry. Data were analyzed by principal components, grouping, and variance analyses; in addition, Z Score estimation was carried out to select elite individuals. There was a broad variability in the data obtained for the breeding population, polyphenol content varied from 5.11 to 16.59 mg GAE g−1, flavonoids from 1.24 to 6.70 mg cat g−1, carotenoids from 50.39 to 460.72 µg β-carotene g−1, anthocyanins from 1.06 to 240.49 mg cy-3-glu 100 g−1, antioxidant capacity from 49.51 to 312.30 µm Trolox g−1, and vitamin C from 78.29 to 420.16 mg 100 g−1. It can be concluded that tree tomato is a good source of beneficial biocompounds and has a high antioxidant capacity.

The oils obtained from three Indonesian avocado (Persea americana) cultivars namely Merah bundar, Ijo bundar and Ijo panjang, were compared to the oils obtained from imported Fuerte and Shepard avocado varieties in terms of lipid characteristics and tocopherol content. The oils of all avocado varieties existed in a semisolid form, except that of the Fuerte variety. Free fatty acids and peroxide levels in the oils obtained from locally grown avocado were lower than the levels in the oils obtained from imported avocados, implying that local avocado oils have a better oxidative stability. Interestingly, the tocopherol (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) content of local avocado oils was also much higher than that of imported avocado oils. Meanwhile, differences in the FTIR spectrum of avocado oils were found at frequencies of 1034 and 968 cm−1. There were also some differences in the fatty acid and triacylglycerol composition of avocado oils. Due to these differences, the physicochemical characteristics and the solidification and thermal profiles of the oils obtained from local avocado cultivars were completely different from those of the imported avocado varieties (Fuerte and Shepard).

In analytical pyrolysis, carbohydrates are degraded into stable anhydrosugars, which are analyzed by GC/MS. The benefit of Py-GC/MS is that fiber composition including carbohydrates, lignin and its S/G ratio can be determined simultaneously from fiber-based materials without need of extensive pretreatment, contrary to the traditional method. In this study, the relative carbohydrate composition of various Eucalyptus species was determined by Py-GC/MS. In addition, pulps produced from the same species by soda-AQ and soda-O2 processes were analyzed similarly. The results were compared with those obtained by acid hydrolysis followed by HPLC. This comparison showed that the relative carbohydrate composition determined by Py-GC/MS for the wood samples differed from the values obtained by acid hydrolysis. Significantly better correlation between the two methods was observed for the pulp samples cooked to varying kappa number levels. Fractionated pyrolysis was applied in order to find explanation to the observed difference in the degradation behavior of carbohydrates in wood and pulp samples. Due to the close association of lignin and carbohydrates, the thermal behavior of lignin was followed as well. The results showed that the thermal behavior of xylan and cellulose differed in the wood samples, but were almost equal in the pulp samples. Thermal degradation of xylan was similar with lignin in both sample types. Similar thermal behavior between the components is a prerequisite for reliable Py-GC/MS analysis. Therefore, this method cannot be recommended for the comparison of carbohydrate compositions between different wood raw materials. However, it is applicable to pulp samples and may find application in research for profiling carbohydrate compositional changes with processingmethods: and conditions.