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Serge Moscovici in his life. A central marginality Undoubtedly, an ethical turn took place in the human and social sciences across the 1970s and 1980s. In the field of psychology and ethnology, and more particularly in the wake of Serge Moscovici’s and Robert Jaulin’s works, who occupied a central marginality within Academia, the approach to our relationship with politics and with nature was reshaped. A new order of critique was established that was to upend the way we understand the world and its problems. At the same time, as identity and civilizations were increasingly perceived as critical issues, colonialism started to being questioned and the issue of nature became central., Serge Moscovici dans sa vie. Une marginalité centrale Entre les années 1970 et 1980 s’est opéré dans les sciences humaines un tournant éthique indiscutable. Dans le secteur de la psychologie et de l’ethnologie, et plus particulièrement dans le sillage de Serge Moscovici et Robert Jaulin, occupant une marginalité centrale au sein de l’université, s’opérait un changement de l’approche de notre rapport au politique et à la nature. Un nouvel ordre critique s’instaurait qui allait bouleverser la façon d’appréhender le monde et ses problèmes. Dans le même temps où monte le souci de l’identité et des civilisations, le colonialisme est mis en accusation et la question naturelle devient la question centrale., Serge Moscovici en su vida. Una marginalidad central Entre los años 1970 y 1980 se produjo un indiscutible giro ético en las ciencias humanas. En el ámbito de la psicología y la etnología, y más concretamente en la estela de Serge Moscovici y Robert Jaulin, desde una marginalidad central dentro de la universidad, se estaba produciendo un cambio en el planteamiento de nuestra relación con la política y la naturaleza. Se estaba estableciendo un nuevo orden critico que iba a dar un vuelco a la forma de entender el mundo y sus problemas. Al tiempo que aumentaba la preocupación por la identidad y las civilizaciones, se condenaba el colonialismo y se ponía el foco en las cuestiones de la naturaleza., Dibie Pascal. Serge Moscovici dans sa vie. Une marginalité centrale. In: Communications, 110, 2022. Vivantes interactions. pp. 209-219.

Even though conspiracy theories are diverse, they are typically construed as a homogeneous phenomenon. Based on classic theorizations of conspiracy theories by Popper (1945; 2002) and Moscovici (1987), we propose to distinguish between belief in upward conspiracy theories (i.e. targeting relatively powerful groups) and downward conspiracy theories (i.e. targeting relatively powerless groups). The former are theorized as power‐challenging beliefs and the latter are theorized as being underpinned by conservative ideology. Across three studies conducted in Belgium (Total N = 2363), we show that these two types of conspiracy beliefs indeed relate differently to power‐challenging attitudes (i.e. political extremism, feelings of leadership breakdown) and conservative ideology. Specifically, upward conspiracy beliefs were characterized by a U‐shaped relationship with political orientation (i.e. an “extremism” bias), and a strong relationship with feelings of leadership breakdown. By contrast, downward conspiracy beliefs were strongly associated with conservative ideology. Both types of conspiracy beliefs were, however, positively correlated., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

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In an evaluative context, does the impression we think we convey to others matter, such that the more positive we think the impression conveyed is, the better we perform? Does this belief need to be accurate to perform better? We investigate the role of meta-perception and meta-accuracy in a public speaking context by asking participants to deliver a speech in front of an audience in virtual reality. Main results showed that participants' meta-perception (i.e. how positive they think the audience perceives them) was positively associated to their performance above and beyond other-perception (i.e. how the audience actually perceives them). Results also revealed that performance increased as scores of meta-perception and other-perception increased together (i.e. meta-accuracy), up to a certain threshold., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

According to objectification theory (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997), being treated as an object leads women to engage in self-objectification, which in turn increases body surveillance and body shame, impairing women’s mental health. While most studies focusing on self-objectification rely heavily on Western populations that emphasize individualism, the current work investigates the phenomenon of body surveillance and body shame in a cross-cultural framework, involving a comparison between American, Belgian, Russian, and Thai women (N = 605). This study aims to highlight two predictors—cultural orientation and self-compassion. Results indicate that greater endorsement of vertical individualism is related to body surveillance for American, Belgian, and Russian women; however, this relation occurred in the opposite direction for Thai women. Moreover, Americans' higher levels of body surveillance and body shame coexist with less self-compassion, whereas the reverse was true for Thais. We also tested a complementary moderation model and found that the relation between body surveillance and body shame was moderated by self-compassion, further pointing to the important role of self-compassion in the model posited by objectification theory. As a result, discussion centers on a call for future research to more closely examine how self-objectification and its correlates unfold among women of various cultural backgrounds., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

S’appuyant sur un examen en contexte des emoji d’un corpus de pages Facebook francophones d’octobre 2018, cet article montre qu’une grammaire des emoji peut être dégagée de l’usage qu’en font les community managers. Ces outils présentent un intérêt rhétorique et marketing en tant qu’ils visent à capter l’attention du lecteur, à susciter un engagement de sa part et à renforcer sa fidélité à la marque. Ce travail émotionnel et affectif, selon la terminologie établie par Camille Alloing et Julien Pierre, est le corollaire d’un processus de normalisation par lequel des principes tacites d’utilisation des emoji s’imposent peu à peu. En dépit de cette codification progressive, des espaces de jeu offrent la possibilité de créer un répertoire singulier et adapté aux spécificités des marques et à leur stratégie de différenciation., Examining emojis in their enunciation context in a corpus of French-speaking Facebook pages in October 2018, this article shows how a grammar of emojis can emerges from the use community managers make of them. Emojis show a rhetorical and marketing potential to hold readers’ attention and to increase its engagement both central to maintain reader’s loyalty to the brands. This digital affective labour, as Camille Alloing and Julien Pierre identified it, is related to a general process of normalization: implicit norms of emojis’ use are built up. Nevertheless, those rules do not wipe out the possibility for the brands to keep a free hand on its use of this tool and to create a singular lexicon, depending on its strategy of e-reputation and differentiation.

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Recent research has examined the sexualization–objectification link (i.e. whether sexualized individuals are appraised as if they were objects rather than persons). This research has found that sexualized individuals are more likely to be processed and categorized as if they were objects and are also perceived as possessing fewer humanlike traits than nonsexualized individuals. In addition, sexualization prompts negative behaviors such as social exclusion. Altogether, these findings shed light on mechanisms that might underlie violence toward sexualized individuals., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Resumo Atualmente, na universidade, os estudos e pesquisas sobre psicanálise e grupos vêm aumentando. Contudo, muitos trabalhos sobre intervenção em grupos não descrevem como se realiza a análise grupal. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste artigo é sistematizar uma proposta de análise da cadeia associativa grupal, a partir dos ensinamentos de René Kaës e Enrique Pichon-Rivière. O método utilizado foi o de pesquisa bibliográfica em toda obra de Kaës e Pichon-Rivière, com a finalidade de identificar conceitos que ofereçam referências para a análise. Como resultados, discutimos as diferenças entre dispositivo, enquadramento e tarefa; as formas de realização do registro ou protocolo grupal; a análise da transferência; e a análise dos emergentes e do momento ideológico no grupo. Abstract Although studies and research on psychoanalysis and groups have currently increased in university, many works on group intervention fail to describe how group analysis is performed. This article sought thus to systematize a proposal for analyzing the group associative chain, based on René Kaës and Enrique Pichon-Rivière. A bibliographic research on the entire work of Kaës and Pichon-Rivière was carried out to identify concepts that provide references for the analysis. The text discusses the differences between device, framework, and task; the ways in which group recording and protocol is performed; the analysis of transference; and the analysis of the emergent and the ideological moment in the group. Resumen Actualmente, los estudios e investigaciones sobre psicoanálisis y grupos vienen aumentando en la Universidad. Sin embargo, muchos trabajos sobre intervención en grupos no describen cómo se realiza un análisis grupal. El objetivo de este artículo es sistematizar una propuesta de análisis de la cadena asociativa grupal a partir de las enseñanzas de René Kaës y de Enrique Pichon-Rivière. El método utilizado fue la investigación bibliográfica de la obra de Kaës y de Pichon-Rivière para identificar los conceptos que brindan referentes para el análisis. Como resultado, se discuten las diferencias entre dispositivo, encuadre y tarea; las formas de realización del registro o protocolo grupal; el análisis de la transferencia; y el análisis de los emergentes y del momento ideológico en el grupo. Résumé Actuellement, à l’université, les études et les recherches sur la psychanalyse et les groupes se sont multipliés. Cependant, de nombreux ouvrages sur l’intervention en groupe ne décrivent pas comment l’analyse de groupe est effectuée. Ainsi, cet article vise à systématiser une proposition d’analyse de la chaîne associative groupale, basée sur les enseignements de René Kaës et d’Enrique Pichon-Rivière. On a effectué une recherche bibliographique dans l’ensemble de l’œuvre de Kaës et Pichon-Rivière afin d’identifier les concepts qui fournissent des références pour l’analyse. On discute les différences entre le dispositif, le cadre et la tâche; la manière dont le registre et le protocole du groupe est réalisé; l’analyse du transfert; l’analyse des émergents et du moment idéologique dans le groupe.

Scholars are increasingly considering bystander intervention as a behavior that could be an effective solution to stopworkplace bullying. Among the factors leading bystanders to intervene, scholars hypothesized that moral courage is akey concept supporting intervention. In this paper, an exploratory study is conducted to investigate the relationshipbetween moral courage and bystander intervention against workplace bullying. This study follows an innovative designin which the stimulus is a video-vignette representing an episode of workplace bullying. Moral courage was assessedusing an ad hoc constructed scale for moral courage at work (Moral Courage at Work scale – MC@W scale), whilebystander intervention was assessed along the dimensions of personal involvement and immediacy following BowesSperry and O’Leary-Kelly’s indications (2005). A positive relationship was found between moral courage and bystanderintervention, although results do not evidently support this main hypothesis. Taking as a moderator the engagementevoked by the video-stimulus, results showed that people with high-moral courage scores are more likely to manifestintervention with high-personal involvement. Despite the limitations of this study, results provide preliminary indicationsabout the complex link between moral courage and bystander intervention, which needs further investigation. Thiscontribution is included in the line of research seeking to understand how to mobilize bystanders in organizations. Inthis sense, actions and training programs could be planned to improve employees’ moral courage and consequentlypromote interventions against bullying and a better organizational environment., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

International audience; Executive coaching is based on the precepts of self-optimization (Rose, 2006; King, Gerish and Rosa, 2018) linking performance and well-being at work. The article sets this practice in a long history of relations between psychology and management, from the inter-war period onwards, in the French context. The review of this history makes it possible to identify the particularity of coaching ideologies and to position them within the ongoing transformations of capitalism. These ideologies are of two kinds: the “realization of oneself” and the figure of the “entrepreneur of oneself”; and the managerial ideal of the “leader” with “emotional skills” and “know-how”. First, the “realization of oneself” and the figure of the “entrepreneur of oneself” (Bröckling, 2018) are promoted in a context of mass unemployment and changes in executives’ career patterns, where managers are called upon to take themselves in charge and develop their own employability. But, contrary to Bröckling’s analysis which describes a society full of “subjects as marketplaces”, the article – based on intensive fieldwork among coaches, HR prescribers and coached managers – highlights the still very prevalent organizational logic that limits and frames executives’ attempts to actually become “entrepreneurs of themselves”. Moreover, the figure of the “leader”, an organizational figure in and of itself, largely overlooked by Bröckling’s analysis, is the main reason why coaching is being used in companies. HR managers want the executives to become “leaders” and to develop their “emotional intelligence” (Goleman, 1995) with regard to changes in the firms’ governance. This figure of leadership, inspired by anti-hierarchy criticism expressed around May 1968, reveals the shift in the conception of authority that has strong implications on work organization today. But learning this new way of leading people at work, which is the aim of coaching, has subjective costs for managers, especially when ambivalent logics co-exist within the firm, with executive management and HR encouraging their managers to become leaders, yet wanting to keep control over them.; Le coaching en entreprise relève d’une perspective d’optimisation de soi, en liant performance et bien-être au travail. L’article propose de réinscrire ce dispositif dans une histoire longue des relations entre psychologie et management, saisie à partir de l’entre-deux-guerres et dans le contexte français. Le retour sur cette généalogie permet de dégager la spécificité des idéologies du coaching – d’une part, la « réalisation de soi » et la figure de « l’entrepreneur de soi » ; d’autre part, le « savoir-être » et la figure du « manager-coach » ou du leader – et de les resituer au sein des transformations du capitalisme. L’idéologie de la réalisation de soi et la figure de l’entrepreneur de soi (Bröckling, 2018) ont fait florès dans un contexte de chômage de masse et de transformation des carrières des cadres, avec l’appel fait aux managers de développer leur employabilité. Cependant, au contraire de l’analyse de Bröckling, qui décrit une société faite de « sujets-places de marché », cet article, qui repose sur une vaste enquête de terrain auprès de coachs, de gestionnaires des ressources humaines prescrivant la prestation et de managers coachés, souligne la logique organisationnelle toujours très prégnante qui limite et encadre fortement les tentatives des cadres de devenir de véritables entrepreneurs d’eux-mêmes. D’autre part, la figure du leader, figure organisationnelle par excellence, ignorée par Bröckling dans son analyse, est la raison principale du recours au coaching en entreprise : les gestionnaires des ressources humaines, dans le cadre des transformations de la gouvernance des firmes, entendent former les cadres à devenir des leaders et à développer leur « intelligence émotionnelle » (Goleman, 1995). Cette figure du leadership, inspirée par une critique anti-hiérarchique portée par Mai 1968, révèle le changement dans la conception de l’autorité qui s’exprime encore aujourd’hui autour des nouveaux modes d’organisation du travail. Mais l’apprentissage de cette nouvelle manière d’encadrer les individus au travail, qui est l’objectif du coaching, a des coûts subjectifs importants pour les cadres, en particulier quand des logiques hybrides co-existent au sein des entreprises et quand la direction et les gestionnaires RH incitent les cadres à devenir des leaders, tout en cherchant à garder le contrôle sur eux.

International audience; Mc Corskey and al, 1977 have shown there is a link between a high aversion to oral communication and a lower self-esteem. We investigate if the Leviathan model which considers agents gossiping and having an opinion of each other (Deffuant et al 2013) is able to reproduce such a correlation. Our virtual agents form their opinions in face-to-face meetings. During these meetings, they act in self-defence applying vanity, and influence each other. They also gossip about their peers. In direct meeting and gossiping, a highly valued speaker compared to listener's self-opinion is more influential. The vanity impact depends on the distance between one's opinion of one self and the opinion conveyed by the speaker. Listeners felt held in low esteem sanction their speakers by decreasing their opinion of them. Those felt held in high esteem reward them by increasing their opinion of them. We modified the probability to talk of agents to consider a heterogeneous one: static depending on the agent itself, or dynamic depending on her self-esteem. The simplest law to obtain a heterogeneous probability to talk is sufficient to reproduce our search correlation. However, we also discover that the model argue it is possible to have a higher self-esteem for someone talking less than the others in some circumstances.

This study evaluated the risks and protective factors in mental health in 825 emerging adults aged from 18 to 25 years old in Belgium and in Italy. Resilience, loneliness and social, and family context were explored to determine their specific role in coping with the emotional distress that spread worldwide during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We conducted an online survey on the secured platform Research Electronic Data Capture©. Data were collected between April 7th and May 4th, 2020. The primary outcomes were the resilience scale for adults (RSA) and the University of California Los Angeles Loneliness Scale. The secondary outcomes included mental health status in terms of professional help seeking, use of psychotropic drugs, admission to a psychiatric department before and during lockdown measures. Responders were divided into three groups following the mental healthcare needs (MHCN) before and after the lockdown measures. The group who experienced an increase in MHCN represented almost 5% of the assessed youth. Statistically significant differences were found in means of RSA total score and RSA perception of self. This study enlightens the possibly traumatic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on at-risk youth's mental health. Early detection and intervention should be structured in large-scale disasters., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Social psychology is a field of psychology that dates to the beginning of the twentieth century. It investigates how cognitions, judgments and behaviours are influenced by others. The cognitive approach aims at examining the information processing mechanisms people use to appraise the world that surrounds them. Participants’ belief in government-led conspiracy theories, their feelings of powerlessness and their political engagement were then measured using appropriate rating scales. Conspiracy theories are a complex social phenomenon with blurry boundaries. Philosophers have argued that there is no clear criterion that allows us to distinguish warranted accusations of conspiracy from unwarranted conspiracy theories. In its state of development, social psychological research on conspiracy theories has several limitations. Conspiracy theories appear to be a particularly spectacular illustration of the fact that, most of the time, our beliefs about the world are more a reflection of a multi-biased information-seeking process than the logical conclusion of an objective investigation of reality.

Many people would like to reduce indulging in unhealthy foods, but find it difficult to do so. Previous research shows that individuals eat smaller portions of unhealthy hedonic food if they first imagine the sensory properties of tempting food (sensory imagery; Cornil & Chandon, 2016). Similarly, they show less preference for such food if they think about food in a detached way (decentering; Papies, Barsalou, & Custers, 2012; Papies, Pronk, Keesman, & Barsalou, 2015). Given that these two mindsets are seemingly at odds with each other, we compared them across two studies to examine their effects on the preference for (Experiment 1) and consumption of (Experiment 2) hedonic healthy and unhealthy food. Although sensory imagery and decentering had largely different effects for preferences towards healthy and unhealthy foods, they had comparable effects on the consumption of both types of foods, serving to reduce the effects of consumption in participants affected by hunger and emotional eating. These results suggest that while sensory imagery and decentering are based on different mechanisms, they produce similar results when it comes to the consumption of hedonic food, regardless of how healthy the food is., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cet article présente, à travers l’analyse d’entretiens menés avec dix-huit personnes jugées par le Tribunal pénal international pour l’ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY), le vécu et la perception du parcours judiciaire international, en se concentrant particulièrement sur la dimension procédurale (ou justice procédurale) de leur expérience. Il met en exergue l’importance de l’absence de contrôle dans le processus ainsi que le traitement réservé aux accusés et ce que ces perceptions, dans leurs reconstructions discursives de leurs parcours de justice, reflètent en termes de différentiels de pouvoir et d’enjeux identitaires. Face à un espoir de participer activement à une justice inclusive, leurs discours révèlent la volonté de se positionner en rejet du jeu procédural auquel ils sont soumis et plusieurs formes de résistances apparaissent., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Objectification studies have mostly focused on why and how women are objectified, but relatively little is known about what drives the objectification of men. This paper aims to examine the objectifying gaze toward men, which is operationalized in the present paper as decreased focus on men's faces and increased focus on men's body parts (arms, chest and stomach). We considered the role of appearance (vs. personality) focus and ideal body shape on the objectifying gaze toward men. Specifically, we instructed sixty-five participants (36 men) to either evaluate the appearance or the personality of men while their eyes are monitored. To assess the objectifying gaze, we examined dwell time (i.e. total time spent fixating on an area) on targets' face, arms, chest and stomach as well as first fixation (i.e. how quickly face, arms and stomach were fixated relative to the onset of the image). Consistent with our main hypothesis, results indicated that appearance-focused participants looked at faces less and chests, arms and stomachs for more time than personality-focused participants. Participants also looked at men's arms for more time and at faces for less time for men's bodies with high (vs. average and low) ideal body shape. We discussed these results and their implications in the light of objectification and body perception theories., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Resumo Este artigo discorre sobre as bases materialistas do conceito de indivíduo e de consciência para os pensadores Max Horkheimer e Theodor W. Adorno. Para tanto, trata de analisar o objeto da psicologia, o indivíduo, pelo percurso de seu movimento material em suas diferentes expressões na história e, com isso, tece algumas considerações sobre a consciência a partir da perspectiva da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade. Nesse intuito, busca-se evidenciar as relações entre o objeto da sociologia e da psicologia, lembrando que a sociedade contém em suas determinações, como potencialidade, o movimento dos particulares para o estabelecimento de um todo justo, garantindo a universalidade, meio pelo qual o indivíduo pode se diferenciar e se constituir de modo pacificado. Conforme as análises realizadas, ao percorrer os indícios materiais que engendram a formação do indivíduo na história, compreende-se a consciência como autoconsciência social, isto é, determinada socialmente e expressão da formação para a autonomia. Résumé Cet article présente une discussion sur les fondements matérialistes des concepts d’individu et de conscience pour les penseurs Max Horkheimer et Theodor W. Adorno. On présente une analyse de l’objet de la psychologie, l’individu, à partir du parcours de son mouvement matériel dans ses différentes expressions dans l’histoire et, ainsi, on construit quelques considérations sur la conscience à partir de la Théorie Critique de la Société. Dans ce but, on veut mettre en évidence les relations entre l’objet de la sociologie et de la psychologie, en souvenant que la société a, dans ses déterminations, comme potentialité, le mouvement des particuliers vers l’établissement d’un tout juste, en garantissant l’universalité, moyen selon lequel l’individu peut se différencier et se constituer pacifiquement. À partir des analyses entreprises, en parcourant des vestiges matériels qui engendrent la formation de l’individu dans l’histoire, on comprend la conscience comme une auto-conscience sociale, c’est-à-dire, déterminée socialement et expression d’une formation pour l’autonomie. Resumen En este texto se describen las bases materialistas del concepto de sujeto y conciencia para los pensadores Max Horkheimer y Theodor W. Adorno. Con este fin, trata de aportar el análisis del objeto de la psicología, el sujeto, a través del recorrido de su movimiento material en sus diferentes expresiones en la historia y, por lo tanto, presenta algunas consideraciones sobre la conciencia desde la perspectiva de la Teoría Crítica de la Sociedad. De esta manera, se busca poner de relieve la relación entre el objeto de la sociología y la psicología, recordando que la sociedad tiene en sus determinaciones como potencial el movimiento de los individuos para el establecimiento de un todo justo, garantizando la universalidad, medio por el cual el sujeto puede distinguirse y constituirse de modo pacificado. Conforme los análisis llevados a cabo al pasar por los indicios materiales, que engendran el sujeto en la historia, entendemos la conciencia social como la autoconciencia social, es decir, socialmente determinada y la expresión de la formación de la autonomía. Abstract This article discusses the materialistic bases of the concept of individual and consciousness according to the thinkers Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno. Therefore, it brings the analysis of the object of psychology, the individual, through the journey of his material movement under his different expressions in history, and, with this, presents some considerations on consciousness from the perspective of the Critical Theory of Society. In this sense, it seeks to highlight the relationships between the object of sociology and psychology, recalling that society contains in its determinations, as potentiality, the movement of the particulars to the establishment of a fair whole, ensuring universality; a way from which the individual may differentiate and constitute himself in a pacified way. According to the analysis undertaken, through the investigation of the material evidence that engender the individual in history, one can understand consciousness as a social self-consciousness, that is, socially determined and expression of the formation for autonomy.

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As researchers, we are advised to share our data to improve transparency and increase the reproducibility of experiments. Simultaneously, making data freely accessible can raise ethical questions regarding the participants’ privacy. We first outline the challenges regarding “open data” for researchers in light of the GDPR. Then, we turn to the impact of an open-access data sharing policy on the participants: could the participants’ knowledge about the future use of the data alter the data itself? Through two pre-registered studies (N = 193, collected on campus and N = 543, online participation), we investigate whether disclosing that anonymized data will be publicly shared vs. not shared influences a potential participants’ intention to take part in the study. Using both frequentist and Bayesian analysis, we conclude towards an absence of effect of a difference in data sharing policy on scores in the Big Five questionnaire and social desirability, careless response behavior, and results in the anchoring paradigm. In the second study, a lexicometric analysis of participants’ reactions to openly sharing data reveals a readiness to share data and support transparency under the condition of preserved anonymity. Hence, if anonymity can be ensured, there seems to be no methodological or ethical drawback in transparent and open data sharing policies for many psychological studies., metadata, code, preregistration as well as the half of the data for which we have sharing consent is accessible at https://osf.io/zyux4/If you are interested in the entire dataset, please contact Julia Eberlen, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Dijksterhuis and van Knippenberg (1998) reported that participants primed with an intelligentcategory (“professor”) subsequently performed 13.1% better on a trivia test than participantsprimed with an unintelligent category (“soccer hooligans”). Two unpublished replications of thisstudy by the original authors, designed to verify the appropriate testing procedures, observed asmaller difference between conditions (2-3%) as well as a gender difference: men showed theeffect (9.3% and 7.6%) but women did not (0.3% and -0.3%). The procedure used in thosereplications served as the basis for this multi-lab Registered Replication Report (RRR). A total of40 laboratories collected data for this project, with 23 laboratories meeting all inclusion criteria.Here we report the meta-analytic result of those 23 direct replications (total N = 4,493) of theupdated version of the original study, examining the difference between priming with professorand hooligan on a 30-item general knowledge trivia task (a supplementary analysis reportsresults with all 40 labs, N = 6,454). We observed no overall difference in trivia performancebetween participants primed with professor and those primed with hooligan (0.14%) and nomoderation by gender., 0, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Narrative persuasion, i.e. the impact of narratives on beliefs, behaviors and attitudes, and the mechanisms underpinningendorsement of conspiracy theories have both drawn substantial attention from social scientists. Yet, to date these two fields have evolved separately, and to our knowledge no study has empirically examined the impact of conspiracy narratives on real-world conspiracy beliefs. In a first study, we exposed a group of participants (n = 37) to an X-Files episode before asking them to fill in a questionnaire related to their narrative experience and conspiracy beliefs. A control group (n = 41) had to answer the conspiracy beliefs items before watching the episode. Based on past findings of both the aforementioned lines of research, we hypothesized that the experimental group would show greater endorsement of conspiracy beliefs, an effect expected to be mediated by identification to the episodes' characters. We furthermore hypothesized that identification would be associated with cognitive elaboration of the narrative information. The first two hypotheses were disproved since no narrative persuasion effect was observed. In a second study, we sought to replicate these results in a larger sample (n = 166). No persuasive effect was found in the new data and a bayesian meta-analysis of the two studies strongly supports the absence of a positive effect of exposure to narrative material on endorsement of conspiracy theories. In both studies, a significant relation between conspiracy mentality and enjoyment was observed. In the second study, this relation was fully mediated by two dimensions of perceived realism, i.e. plausibility and narrative consistency. We discuss our results, based on theoretical models of narrative persuasion and compare our studies with previous narrative persuasion studies. Implications of these results for future research are also discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Secularism in France is both a state principle and a cultural construct, that enforces a State neutrality towards religion. Recent studies have demonstrated the emergence of a lay conception called ?New Secularism' (NS) that is used to legitimize expression of prejudice towards North African minorities. However, none have been able to yet demonstrate links between NS and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), which would further corroborate those beliefs' role as prejudice justification. Using Social Representations Theory, we created a Secularism questionnaire and used it in a cross sectional survey (N?=?261) that also included SDO and Generalized Prejudice measures. In order to test social representation of Secularism's legitimizing function, we derived the hypothesis that NS will mediate the link between SDO and expressed Prejudice from a Social Dominance perspective. Results support our predictions and are discussed in light of intergroup status quo legitimization processes and their links with social representations.

Com­puter-me­di­ated in­ter­group con­tact (CMIC) is a valu­able strat­egy to re­duce neg­a­tive sen­ti­ments to­wards mem­bers of dif­fer­ent so­cial groups. We ex­am­ined whether char­ac­ter­is­tics of com­mu­ni­ca­tion me­dia that fa­cil­i­tate in­ter­group en­coun­ters shape its ef­fect on out-group at­ti­tudes. Specif­i­cally, we pro­pose that con­ceal­ing in­di­vid­u­at­ing cues about out-group mem­bers dur­ing CMIC in­creases prej­u­dice, as in­ter­ac­tion part­ners are per­ceived as less so­cially pre­sent. To as­sess these hy­pothe­ses, we con­ducted two mixed-fac­to­r­ial ex­per­i­ments. Par­tic­i­pants en­gaged in syn­chro­nous text-chat with out-group mem­bers (Study 1) and a con­fed­er­ate (Study 2) who ei­ther shared or con­cealed their name and photo. Over­all, CMIC re­duced neg­a­tive out-group sen­ti­ments. Study 2 showed, how­ever, that out-group mem­bers' anonymity de­creased per­ceived so­cial pres­ence, which was as­so­ci­ated with less pos­i­tive eval­u­a­tions of the CMIC and higher prej­u­dice. In con­clu­sion, CMIC can con­tribute to con­flict res­o­lu­tion in­ter­ven­tions, prepar­ing in­di­vid­u­als for di­rect in­ter­group con­tact, if its af­for­dances or con­ver­sa­tion top­ics en­hance in­ter­ac­tion part­ners' so­cial pres­ence., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

International audience; L’association libre est un concept fondateur des thérapies d’inspiration psychanalytique en tant que technique d’exploration de la réalité psychique mais aussi comme méthode thérapeutique. Nous proposons dans ce travail d’étudier ses fondements, ainsi que les logiques de l’associativité qui en découlent, à partir d’un double regard issu de la psychanalyse et des neurosciences cognitives. Dans cette perspective, nous présentons tout d’abord ses origines historiques dans le champ psychanalytique. Les recherches issues de la psychologie cognitive (Daniel Kahneman), des neurosciences cognitives (Karl Friston, Robin Carhart-Harris) et de la neuropsychanalyse (Marks Solms) sont ensuite l’occasion de mieux saisir l’hétérogénéité du fonctionnement psychique et ses modes de symbolisation. L’associativité apparaît alors, à la croisée des modèles, comme un concept fécond qui favorise l’articulation entre psychanalyse et neurosciences à partir, notamment, des concepts d’énergie libre et d’entropie. La notion de transmodalité symbolisante est enfin proposée comme tentative de synthèse des rapports de l’associativité aux différents modes de symbolisation.

L'accidentalité des conducteurs de deux-roues motorisés (2RM) est au coeur des préoccupations de sécurité routière. Pourtant peu de publications scientifiques dédiées à leur étude évoquent les différences de sexe et/ou de conformité aux stéréotypes de sexe au sein de cette population, et, à notre connaissance, aucune ne traite réellement du sujet. Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans une démarche globale visant à apporter des connaissances sur les différences de sexe et de conformité aux stéréotypes de sexe au sein de cette communauté très stéréotypée masculine. Il a d'abord pu montrer que les femmes motocyclistes avaient des taux d'accidents corporels ou mortels bien inférieurs à ceux des hommes, et que leur mobilité en 2RM était essentiellement urbaine et liée aux déplacements domicile-travail. Une première étude a mis en évidence que les hommes déclaraient plus de comportements à risque accidentel intentionnels et les femmes plus de comportements à risque non-intentionnels. Une deuxième étude a montré que le type de motocyclette choisi avait un effet direct sur les comportements à risque accidentel, plus important que le sexe du motocycliste. Une troisième étude a montré que les individus qui se conformaient aux stéréotypes masculins déclaraient plus de violations que ceux qui se conformaient aux stéréotypes féminins (qui eux, déclarent plus d'erreurs), et ce, quel que soit leur sexe. Cette relation est expliquée par les motivations à conduire un 2RM. Enfin, ce travail a montré que les stéréotypes de sexe associés à la conduite d'une motocyclette existent déjà chez les adolescents, et ce, même s'ils sont conducteurs de 2RM ou si leurs parents conduisent eux-mêmes un 2RM. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse montre des différences significatives entre hommes et femmes conducteurs de 2RM, et plus particulièrement de motocyclettes, autant au niveau de leur accidentalité que de leurs prises de risque au guidon de leur véhicule. Ces différences ne sont pas liées au sexe biologique du motocycliste, mais à sa conformité aux stéréotypes de son groupe de sexe et les effets de celle-ci sur ses motivations à conduire une moto. De plus, nous avons également pu constater que des stéréotypes de sexe existaient bien pour cette population spécifique d'usagers de la route, en tout cas, chez les collégiens de la région marseillaise. Ces travaux permettent d'avoir une connaissance plus fine des comportements des conducteurs de 2RM, et ainsi, d'enrichir la réflexion sur les actions possibles en matière d'éducation routière et de prévention des risques routiers, en ciblant plus efficacement les sous-populations les plus à risque chez les conducteurs de 2RM. The powered two-wheelers (PTW) riders' accidentality is at the heart of road safety issues. However, few scientific publications dedicated to them have been written on sex differences and/or sex stereotypes conformity for this population, and, to our knowledge, no study has ever dealt with this subject. This PhD thesis is part of a comprehensive approach to generate knowledge on sex differences and sex stereotypes conformity within this very masculine stereotyped community. It first showed that female motorcyclists have much lower injury crashes and fatalities rates than males and that their mobility in powered two-wheelers (PTW) was mainly urban and for commuting. A first study showed that males declared more intentional risky behaviors and female more non-intentional risky behaviors. A second study showed that the PTW type chosen by the riders had a direct effect on the aberrant behaviors more important than sex differences. A third study showed that individuals who conformed to masculine stereotypes declared more violations than those who conformed to feminine stereotypes (who declared more lapses), whatever their sex. This relation was explained by the motivations to ride a PTW. Finally, this work showed that sex stereotypes associated with motorcycle riding already existed on the adolescent population, even if they are themselves moped riders or if at least one of their parents is a rider. As a conclusion, this PhD thesis revealed significant differences between male and female PTW riders, and more specifically motorcycle riders, in terms of accidentology and risk taking while riding. These differences are not linked to the rider's biological sex, but to his/her conformity to his/her sex group sex stereotypes and to the effects of this conformity on his/her motivations to ride a PTW. Moreover, it also made clear that there are sex stereotypes for this specific road users' population, at least, for the Marseille's area pupils. This work led to a more detailed understanding of PTW riders' aberrant behaviors, and thus, to enrich the thinking for possible actions with regard to road safety education and road risk prevention, by more effectively targeting the PTW riders' subpopulation the most at risk.

The understanding of transphobia and discrimination against trans people depends on the definition itself of 'trans people'. However, trans terminology is not unambiguous. In this paper I identify terms and definitions commonly used in contemporary scientific research on transphobia (2005-2016) in English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. A review of literature and a qualitative content analysis were carried out. Eight themes were identified within the definitions: identity, expression, sex-gender binary, man-woman binary, body modifications, medical diagnosis, anti-pathological claim and political claim. Different terms are used to emphasise different definitions . I argue that the polysemy of trans terminology raises a concern for studies relying on a fixed and robust definition of trans people. Moreover, research should pay attention to the definitions that it establishes and their effects. Examining gender norms and relying on trans people's self-definitions seems a more fertile approach to understanding transphobia. La comprensión de la transfobia y discriminación hacia las personas trans depende de la propia definición de 'persona trans'. Sin embargo, la terminología trans no es unívoca. En este artículo identifico términos y definiciones usadas habitualmente en la investigación científica actual sobre transfobia (2005-2016) en inglés, francés, español y portugués. Se realizó una revisión de literatura y un análisis de contenido cualitativo. Se identificaron ocho temas definitorios: identidad, expresión, binarismo sexo-género, binarismo hombre-mujer, modificaciones corporales, diagnóstico médico, reivindicación anti-patológica y reivindicación política. Diferentes términos son usados para enfatizar diferentes definiciones. Alego que la polisemia de la terminología trans plantea una dificultad para los estudios que usan una definición fija y fuerte. Además, es necesario que la investigación reflexione sobre las definiciones que establece y sus efectos. Examinar las normas de género y contar con las definiciones de las propias personas trans parece una perspectiva más fructífera para comprender la transfobia.

Inspired by the popular Arab protests against oppressive regimes that began in 2010,people around the world protested in sympathy with the Arab peoples. The present research draws on two major theories of intergroup relations to develop an initial integrative model of sympathetic collective action. We incorporate social dominance theory’s (SDT) concept of (rejectionist) legitimizing myths with the solidarity and emotional mediation concept of the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) to understand motivations for sympathetic collective action among bystanders. Using data from 12 nations (N=1480), we tested three models: (a) SIMCA (i.e. solidarity, anger, and efficacy), (b) a social dominance theory model of collective action (i.e. social dominance orientation and ideologies concerning Arab competence), and (c) an integrated model of sympathetic collective action combining both theories. Results find the greatest support for an integrated model of collective action. Discussion focuses on theoretical pluralism and suggestions for future research., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

International audience; Objectif : L'objectif de cet article est d'analyser les représentations et catégorisations des médicaments et de leurs effets sur la douleur chez des patients ayant reçu un diagnostic de fibromyalgie, syndrome non élucidé, sans traitement spécifique. Matériel et méthodes : Trente-cinq entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de patients ayant reçu un diagnostic de fibromyalgie. Ils ont été soumis à une analyse de contenu thématique. Résultats : Les médicaments sont évalués et catégorisés par les patients en analogie avec la douleur et ses représentations paradoxales dans le corps. Quatre axes structurant cette analogie ont été relevés : l'espace (localisé/diffus), la temporalité (permanent/soudain), l'intensité (doux/fort) et le degré de familiarité (habituel/nouveau) des médicaments et de la douleur. Conclusion : L'analyse des représentations des patients peut permettre d'ajuster la communication médecin/patient à propos des médicaments.

This study investigated the influence of the assessment of the discrepant act on dissonance reduction. In particular, we tested the influence of normative standards on a trivialization of the discrepant act and the assessment of research topic importance. The results suggest that dissonance reduction varies depending on whether the discrepant act is assessed as violating normative standards or not. In the cognitive dissonance state and in the absence of standards, performing a discrepant act leads individuals to trivialize it. However, when individuals perceive that the discrepant act violates normative standards, they reduce cognitive dissonance by overestimating the research topic. This result is interpreted in terms of the avoidance of negative consequences of social control reactions and the protection of self-concept.

L’ouvrage étudie la polyphonie narrative de la mémoire divisée de la guerre civile grecque (1946-1949) dans son évolution, à partir d’un corpus diversifié. Il met en regard et en tension les représentations des vainqueurs et des vaincus, leurs dispositifs discursifs et leurs pratiques politiques., This work draws upon a diverse corpus to examine the narrative polyphony of divided memory of the Greek Civil War (1946-1949) as it developed. It highlights and compares the representations of conquerors and conquered, their discursive apparatus, and their political practices.

We investigated the role of relational motives in the saying-is-believing effect (Higgins & Rholes, 1978). Building on shared reality theory, we expected this effect to be most likely when communicators were motivated to get along with the audience. In the current study, participants were asked to describe an ambiguous target to an audience who either liked or disliked the target. The audience had been previously evaluated as a desirable vs. undesirable communication partner. Only participants who communicated with a desirable audience tuned their messages to suit their audience’s attitude towards the target. In line with predictions, they also displayed an audience-congruent memory bias in later recall., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cooperative learning is a particular type of group learning that is likely to reveal a form of social psychology different from that which is traditionally shared between the functionalist and genetic models. The analysis of the functioning of such groups shows how their participants - in this case, pupils involved in a writing activity - organize themselves in order to grasp the reality that they are discovering. Neither in terms of convention or invention, what type of relationship brings them together in this reality ? This article throws light on this issue and perhaps suggests the existence of a third form of social psychology inherent in such activity., L’apprentissage coopératif est une méthode groupale bien particulière susceptible d’être le révélateur d’une psychologie sociale non moins singulière, champ scientifique traditionnellement partagé entre les modèles fonctionnaliste et génétique. L’analyse d’un tel fonctionnement groupal donne effectivement à voir, exemple à l’appui, des acteurs (en l’occurrence des élèves concernés par une activité d’écriture) qui s’organisent pour appréhender une réalité qu’ils découvrent. Ni dans la convention, pas plus dans l’invention, quel type de relation les lie à cette même réalité ? Des éléments de réponse à cette question sont apportés dans cet article, éléments peut-être à même d’étayer une troisième voie dans le champ psychosocial., Baudrit Alain. L’apprentissage coopératif : un modèle psychosocial sous-jacent à ce genre d’activité collective ?. In: Spiral-E. Revue de recherches en éducation, supplément électronique au n°51, 2013. Supplément au n° 51 : Education et mondialisation. pp. 71-79.

We suggest that temporal stability in the frequency of stereotype-consistent behavior can be used to estimate whether this behavior reflects internal stable dispositions (i.e. stereotype-consistent traits) shared within the group rather than other factors. Based on this reasoning, we expect that people may be more likely to judge a target group in stereotypical ways when the percentage of members of this group performing the stereotype-consistent behavior is stable rather than when the trend has been increasing or decreasing up to the present. This hypothesis was applied to the perceived endorsement of Flemish nationalism in Belgium. The main hypothesis was confirmed. The effect of temporal trend on stereotyping was mediated by an indicator of perceived group homogeneity., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Some people experience a feeling of guilt after transgressing a social norm, while others do not. Perceiving this emotion in others therefore yields important information about their personality. Two experimental studies assessed the effects of perceptions of offenders’ guilty feelings on judgments of their personality by the victim. Study 1 showed that offenders perceived as experiencing guilt are perceived as more extraverted (sociable) and more conscientious (competent) than those who do not. These results were replicated in Study 2, which further showed that the effects of perception of guilt on personality judgments are distinct from those of apologies. These effects are mediated by the victim’s perception of justice and anger. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

O campo da Psicologia Social é apresentado como território fértil, na contemporaneidade, para constituir-se como um laboratório para a produção em Ciências Humanas, uma vez que, no século XX, cada vez mais o social foi em direção ao psicológico. Neste campo, nosso embate dá-se no modo como entendemos o hífen pressuposto na integração psicossocial. A autora propõe que, entre o psicológico e o social, o hífen domina, pois ele é a própria essência relacional que é inerente a cada um dos elementos. Sugere que o modelo para entender o homem e suas circunstâncias proposto por Freud imbrica de forma indissociável o psicológico e o social, a ontogênese e a filogênese, com uma potência que teve impacto sobre todo o campo das Ciências Humanas. A Psicanálise é um instrumento hermenêutico para colaborar na elucidação dos fenômenos sociais. A autora utiliza imagens construídas por Freud e Walter Benjamin e poemas de Carlos Drummond de Andrade para fortalecer o entendimento do hífen psicossocial tanto em sua ação multidimensional quanto em sua organização. The field of Social Psychology is presented as a fertile territory, in contemporary times, to be constituted as a laboratory for the production in Human Sciences as, in the 20th. Century, the social took increasingly a path towards the psychological. In this field, our struggle is around the way we understand the hyphen that is pressuposed in the psycho-social integration. The author proposes that, between the psychological and the social, the hyphen dominates, as it is the proper relational essence that is inherent to each of these elements. She suggests that the model proposed by Freud to understand man and his circumstances imbricates in an undissociable way the psychological and the social, onthogenesis and phylogenesis, with a potency that had an impact on the whole field of Human Sciences. Psychoanalysis is an hermeneutic instrument to collaborate in the elucidation of social phenomena. The author uses images constructed by Freud and Walter Benjamin and poems of Carlos Drummond de Andrade to strenghten the understanding of the psycho-social hyphen both in its multidimensional action and organization. inglês. Le champ de la Psychologie Sociale est présenté comme un territoire fertile dans la contemporanéité, afin de se constituer comme un laboratoire de production dans les Sciences Humaines, puisque au XXème siècle, le social prenait de plus en plus une dimension psychologique. Dans ce domaine, notre collision se manifeste dans la manière dont nous interprétons le trait d’union impliqué dans l’intégration psycho-social. L’auteure propose qu’entre le psychologique et le social, c’est le trait d’union qui domine. Ce dernier est la propre essence relationnelle inhérente à chacun des éléments. Elle suggère que le modèle permettant de comprendre l’être humain et son environnement proposé par Freud, imbrique de façon indissociable le psychologique et le social, l’ontogénèse et la filogénèse, avec une potence qui a eu un impact sur tous les Sciences Humaines. La Psychanalyse est un instrument herméneutique pour contribuer à l’explication des phénomènes sociaux. L’auteure utilise des images construites par Freud et Walter Benjamin et des poèmes de Carlos Drummond de Andrade afin de renforcer un entendement du trait d’union psycho-social, tant dans son action multidimensionnelle que dans son organisation. El campo de la Psicología Social es presentado como territorio fértil en la contemporaneidad, para constituirse como un laboratorio para la producción en Ciencias Humanas, ya que en el siglo XX cada vez más el social fue en dirección hacia el psicológico. En este campo, nuestro embate se da en la manera como entendemos el guión presupuesto en la integración psicosocial. La autora propone que entre el psicológico y el social el guión domina, pues él es la propia esencia relacional que es inherente a cada uno de los elementos. Sugiere que el modelo para entender el hombre y sus circunstancias propuesto por Freud imbrica de forma indisociable el psicológico y el social, la ontogénesis y la filogénesis, con una potencia que tuvo impacto sobre todo el campo de las Ciencias Humanas. El Psicoanálisis es un instrumento hermenéutico para colaborar en la elucidación de los fenómenos sociales. La autora utiliza imágenes construidas por Freud y Walter Benjamin y poemas de Carlos Drummond de Andrade para fortalecer el entendimiento del guión psicosocial tanto en su acción multidimensional como en su organización.

The present study addresses antecedents and consequences of collective victimhood in the context of World War I (WWI) across 15 European nations (N = 2423 social science students). Using multilevel analysis, we find evidence that collective victimhood is still present a hundred years after the onset of the war and can be predicted by WWI-related objective indicators of victimization at national and family levels. This suggests that collective victimhood is partly grounded in the actual experience of WWI. In addition, we show that sense of collective victimhood positively predicts acknowledgment of the suffering inflicted by one's nation on other countries during WWI. This is consistent with a social representation of WWI as involving a vast massacre in which nations were both victim and perpetrator. Finally, we find that objective indicators of victimization predict pacifism in divergent ways, with an indicator at the national level associated with more pacifist attitudes and an indicator at the family level being associated with less pacifist attitudes. This finding suggests that war-torn societies may have developed social representations favouring peaceful coexistence whereas, at the family level, victimization may still foster retaliatory tendencies., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Successful reconciliation between groups following a violent conflict requires psychological change. We test a model predicting intergroup attitudes towards Muslims in Lebanon among Maronite (Christian) Lebanese youths. Identification with both their religious subgroup and with the superordinate national group predicted attitudes towards Muslims, in opposite directions. These effects of levels of identification on intergroup attitudes were mediated by attributions of responsibility for the war (Muslim responsibility) and perception that the current generation of out-group members is different from the war generation (perceived out-group discontinuity). Identification with Lebanon fosters positive attitudes towards Muslims by lowering Muslim responsibility for the war, and by increasing perceptions of foreign responsibility and perceived out-group discontinuity. In contrast, increased identification with their own religious subgroup undermines attitude change by increasing Muslim responsibility for the war and lessening perception of out-group discontinuity. Representations of the past have implications for attitudes towards former enemies and reconciliation in the present., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

L’apprehension de la situation d’entretien au travers du prisme du regard psychosocial (Moscovici, 1984), oblige a s’interroger sur la dynamique de l’interaction sujet-chercheur et de ses repercussions sur l’objet (Haas, Masson, 2006). En insistant sur le caractere eminemment social de la situation d’entretien, les auteurs procedent a l’analyse du jeu des positions et des statuts reciproques qu’occupent et s’assignent mutuellement interviewe et interviewer, au cours de cette interaction specifique, et montrent que les materiaux recueillis en sont dependants. Une attention particuliere est ici portee aux silences, a leurs causes, significations et interpretations possibles.

Este artigo procura debater a psicologia social no cinema através de um conceito específico: a humilhação social como problema político. Para tanto foi tomado como objeto de análise o filme Ônibus 174, documentário realizado pelo cineasta José Padilha em 2002. Os comentários elaborados aqui visam compreender as estratégias narrativas utilizadas pelo diretor, que incluem aspectos estéticos e a participação do público, que transformam sua obra em um objeto de estudo da humilhação social que ocorre no âmbito da esfera pública, onde a ação define as relações sociais entre os indivíduos. This article presents a discussion about social psychology in the cinema through a specific concept: the social humiliation as a political problem. For this was taken as an object of analysis the film Bus 174, documentary directed by José Padilha in 2002. The comments produced here aim to understand the narrative strategies used by the director, which include aesthetic aspects and the participation of the public, that turn their work into an object of study of the social humiliation that occurs within the public sphere, where the action defines social relations among individuals. Cet article a pour bout discuter la psychologie social dans lê cinéma aux yeux d’un concept spécifique: l’humiliation sociale come un probléme politique. Pour aborder ce théme on a pris comme objet d’analise le film «Omnibus 174», un documentaire realisé par le directeur José Padilha, dans l’année de 2002. Les commentaires elaborés ont pour but la compréhensio des stratégies utilisées pr le cineaste, qui montre les aspects esthétiques et la participation du publique, que transforment son film dans un objet d’étude de l´humiliation sociale, que aparait das la sphere public, oú l’action défine les rapport sociaux parmi les individus. Este artículo presenta una discusión sobre la psicología social en el cine a través de un concepto específico: la humillación social como un problema político. Para esto se tomó como objeto de análisis la película Bus 174, documental dirigido por José Padilha en 2002. Los comentarios aquí producidos tienen por objetivo entender las estrategias narrativas utilizadas por el director, que incluyen aspectos estéticos y la participación del público, en que transforman su obra en un objeto de estudio de la humillación social que se produce dentro de la esfera pública, donde la acción define las relaciones sociales entre los individuos.

People's sense of power is often a more crucial determinant of their behavior than their actual level of power. In this paper, we suggest that individuals may perceive themselves as more powerful when anticipating interaction with a member of a stigmatized out-group than with a member of a nonstigmatized group. Normal weight participants (N = 77) expected to have an interaction with a target randomly identified as obese or thin. Participants were quicker to endorse words describing themselves in terms of traits associated with power when the target was obese than thin. They were also likely to expect greater interpersonal power, to endorse more negative attitudes towards obese people and to form more negative impressions, if the target was obese rather than thin. These findings suggest that a perception of empowerment is spontaneously activated prior to interaction with an obese person., http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a907123882~frm=titlelink, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Neste ensaio, buscamos a principal contribuição de Ecléa Bosi para a Psicologia Social, qual seja, a relação entre teoria, método e técnicas de pesquisa e militância social, política e cultural, a partir da definição da psicologia como fenomenologia dos atos expressivos e da relação de amizade entre o pesquisador e o pesquisado como pessoa. This essay emphacises Eclea Bosi’s main contribution to Social Psychology, the relation between theory, method and research techniques on the one hand and, on the other, social, political and cultural militance, starting from the definition of Psychology as the phenomenology of expressive acts and from the relation of friendship between the research and the other as a person. Dans cet essai nous avons cherché à montrer la principale contribution d’Ecléa Bosi à la Psychologie Sociale par le rapport établi entre la théorie, la méthode et les techniques de recherche et l’action sociale, politique et culturelle ayant comme point de départ la définition de la psychologie comme phénoménologie des actes expressifs et de l’amitié comme forme de la relation entre le chercheur et l’autre en tant qu’être humain. En este ensayo, buscamos la principal contribución de Ecléa Bosi para la Psicología Social, cuál sea, la relación entre teoría, método y técnicas de investigación y militancia social, política y cultural, a partir de la definición de la psicología como fenomenología de los actos expresivos y de la relación de amistad entre el investigador y el investigado como persona.

La reconstruction du passé fait partie intégrante des processus de réconciliation intergroupe car, à l’issue d’un conflit, la mémoire collective sous-tend une bonne partie de l’animosité, de la haine et de la méfiance entre les groupes. La difficulté de cette gestion des mémoires tient au triple défi qu’elle doit pouvoir relever: permettre la reconnaissance et favoriser la guérison des souffrances individuelles; préserver l’identité sociale des groupes impliqués; tout en leur permettant de vivre ensemble en paix. Ainsi, une mauvaise gestion de la mémoire collective peut mener à la résurgence du conflit, voire à un véritable cycle de vengeance dans lequel les blessures du passé justifient les violences à venir. Dans cet article, qui puisera dans les apports de la psychologie sociale et de la philosophie, nous commencerons par délimiter le concept de mémoire collective, en particulier dans ses rapports avec l’identité sociale. Ensuite, nous isolerons certains processus à travers lesquels la mémoire collective des groupes impliqués dans un conflit passé est susceptible d’entraver leur réconciliation. Enfin, nous tenterons d’envisager des voies de solution par le biais de la transmission de la mémoire aussi bien au sein des groupes impliqués qu’entre ceux-ci., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This article extends the social identity model of deindividuation effects (SIDE) by considering the various ways in which relations of visibility to an audience can affect the public expression of identity-relevant norms (identity performance). It is suggested that social identity performance can fulfill two general functions: Affirming, conforming, or strengthening individual or group identities (the identity consolidation function) and persuading audiences into adopting specific behaviors (the mobilization function). The authors report evidence supporting these two functions of identity performance both in intragroup and intergroup contexts. They argue that through these functions, social identity performance plays a major role in the elaboration and coordination of social action. Finally, and building on this framework, the authors consider the ways through which social identity performance can be used in the very construction of social identity., Journal Article, Review, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated the relation between co-presence and bicyclists' riding behavior. We assumed that the presence of peer riders would either facilitate or inhibit risky behaviors depending on bicyclists' perceptions of three traffic contexts conducive to risk taking (i.e., red-light, go straight, and turn to left). METHOD: Young bicyclists (N=207) were randomly assigned to two experimental conditions (alone vs. with peers). They filled in a scenario-based questionnaire about their intentions to adopt risky behaviors in three specific traffic situations as well as their risk perception of these situations and their general self-perceived efficacy as a bicyclist. We hypothesized that the presence of peer riders engaged in a risky behavior will facilitate the intention to adopt risky behaviors in situations where group risk is evaluated as lower than individual risk. In opposition, the presence of peer riders engaged in a risky behavior will inhibit the intention to adopt risky behaviors in situations where group risk is evaluated as higher than individual risk. RESULTS: The results confirmed the hypotheses. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The findings offer insights for developing new effective education and intervention programs in order to reduce the frequency of dangerous behavior among bicyclists. Language: en

Sistematizando alguns processos subjacentes ao desenvolvimento psicológico da identidade (sexual), este artigo propõe uma Análise Psicossocial Crítica das sexualidades contemporâneas. A partilha vivencial da opressão nos contextos dos “iguais” é sublinhada pelos autores como dimensão nuclear do desenvolvimento identitário. Mais se propõe esta partilha como potenciadora de uma conciliação conceptual entre a abordagem psicológica das identidades sexuais e as propostas Queer a respeito das sexualidades. Em conclusão, são apresentadas as implicações dessa conciliação para o desenvolvimento do sujeito nos múltiplos contextos de negociação relacional das sexualidades “minoritárias”, enfatizando a complexidade psicológica necessária à emancipação pessoal no seio destes contextos. Systematizing some of the processes that underlie the psychological development of (sexual) identity, this paper proposes a Critical Psychosocial Analysis of contemporary sexualities. The authors underline the experiential sharing of oppression in contexts of “equals” as the nuclear dimension of the development of identity. They further argue that this sharing potentiates a conceptual conciliation between the psychological approach to sexual identities and queer proposals regarding sexualities. In conclusion, the authors discuss the implications of this conciliation for the development of the subject in the multiple contexts of relational negotiation of “minority” sexualities, emphasizing the psychological complexity that is needed for personal emancipation within these contexts. Systématisant certains processus sous-jacents au développement psychologique de l’identité (sexuelle), cet article propose une analyse psychologique critique des sexualités contemporaines. Le partage vécu de l’oppression dans les contextes des “égaux” est souligné par les auteurs comme dimension nucléaire du développement identitaire. Cependant, ce partage est proposé comme potentiellement créateur d’une conciliation conceptuelle entre l’approche psychologique des identités sexuelles et les propositions queer au sujet des sexualités. Dans la conclusion seront présentées les implications de cette conciliation pour le développement du sujet dans les multiples contextes de négociation relationnelle des sexualités “minoritaires”, en mettant en relief la complexité psychologique nécessaire à l’émancipation personnelle au sein de ces contextes.

La presence d’attitudes defavorables a un groupe social est-elle associee a la communication d’impressions stereotypees a propos des membres de ce groupe social ? Nous proposons dans cet article que cette relation est susceptible d’etre modulee par le niveau de Self-Monitoring (Snyder, 1987). Les personnes a haut niveau de self-monitoring sont davantage guidees par des normes sociales externes, telles que celles qui condamnent l’emploi de stereotypes sociaux, et moins par leurs attitudes personnelles que les personnes a faible niveau de self-monitoring. Les participants a l’etude presentee ici (N = 76) etaient invites a exprimer leur impression d’une cible homosexuelle anonymement (prive) ou en s’attendant a devoir rendre compte publiquement de leur impression (public). Conformement aux predictions, parmi les sujets a faible niveau de self-monitoring, la positivite de l’attitude est associee negativement a la stereotypie des impressions exprimees. Cet effet ne s’observe pas chez les personnes a haut niveau de self-monitoring mais, chez elles, les impressions exprimees etaient moins stereotypees en public qu’en prive.