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Background With the COVID‐19 pandemic, the idea of universal mask wearing to prevent infecting others when one becomes infected has prevailed among people. In general, any workplace is not exempt and workers are required to wear a mask while working at the sites. Objectives This study aims to integrate information to assist workers to select effective protectors for the prevention of droplet infection even at workplaces without occupational health personnel. Methods A total of 94 studies were included in this study: 91 studies were identified in MEDLINE, which was used for the literature search, and an additional three studies were identified from other information sources. The studies were checked to eliminate duplication and narrowed down to 31 based on the titles and abstracts. The contents of the 31 studies were read through and then 19 studies were extracted for careful reading. Results and Conclusions Regarding the protectors used at workplaces, it was suggested that (1) workers continue to use respiratory protectors as needed at sites where respiratory protectors such as an N95 respirator had to be used even before the spread of COVID‐19 and (2) wear surgical masks, multi‐layer cloth masks, or hybrid fabric masks made of several types of fabrics that are recommended in terms of preventing dissemination of droplets and protecting against inhalation of droplets, selected according to the working conditions, taking account of air permeability, breathability, and durability.

The system for protector cooling (protective rubber strip) in the tyre industry is presented in this paper. The analysis of compensation of protector compression coefficients influence on the protector length change between two neighbor transporters is done. Also, the compensation of protector compression coefficients influence on all transporters velocities is analyzed. Modelling and simulation of transportation system is performed in Matlab/Simulink.

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Protectors of motorcycle riders should be light and safe. This work deals with the impact test of the shoulder protectors, which differ with the use of foams of different densities. The acceleration and displacement of an impactor having the mass of five kilograms were measured. The impactor dropped from a height of one meter. For each sample, two impacts were used. The results show how the use of the different foams affects the deceleration of the impactor and the distance between the impactor and the base block (compression of the protector). Moreover, the results show how the deceleration and the distance change when the impact is repeated. The ideal protector would have low density, low maximum impact deceleration, low maximum protector compression, and its properties would not change when impact is repeated. The foam with good compromise properties was evaluated.

In recent years, the association between saturated fatty acids (FA) and bone cells has received a high level of attention. Previous studies have shown that palmitate (PA), a common saturated FA, can cause apoptosis in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). However, whether PA can induce autophagy, an important intracellular protection mechanism that is closely associated with apoptosis, in BMSCs is still unknown; the association between autophagy and apoptosis is also unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine whether PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs. When BMSCs were treated with PA for >18 h, p62 began to accumulate, indicating that autophagic flux was impaired by prolonged exposure to PA. In addition, the proportion of apoptotic cells was increased when autophagy was inhibited by the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine. Furthermore, inducing autophagy by pretreating cells with rapamycin, a known inducer of autophagy, markedly reduced PA-induced apoptosis, suggesting that autophagy may serve a protective role in PA-induced apoptosis in BMSCs. PA also increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was decreased by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-cysteine, and promoted the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The addition of JNK and p38 MAPK inhibitors substantially reduced autophagy. Therefore, the results indicated that PA can induce autophagy in BMSCs and protect cells from PA-induced apoptosis through the ROS-JNK/p38 MAPK signaling pathways. These results may improve the general understanding of the mechanisms through which BMSCs adapt to PA-induced apoptosis. The present study also provides a novel approach for the prevention and treatment of PA-induced lipotoxicity.

Акватории портов и территории прибрежной зоны подвергаются интенсивному техногенному воздействию, связанному с технической эксплуатацией кораблей, судов и других плавучих объектов. Воздействие на окружающую среду усиливается при нахождении таких объектов в режиме долговременной стоянки, так как они являются источниками эксплуатационного и аварийного загрязнения. Обеспечение безопасной эксплуатации судов в данном режиме требует проведения дополнительных организационно технических мероприятий., Port water areas and coastal zone areas are subject to intensive technogenic impact associated with the technical operation of ships, vessels and other floating objects. The impact on the environment is enhanced when such objects are found in the long-term parking regime, as they are sources of operational and accidental pollution. Ensuring the safe operation of ships in this mode requires additional organizational and technical measures.

The article’s purpose is the analysis of the evolution process and all its main aspects in the history of Moscow Slavonic-greek-latin Academy of the specified period. At the beginning of the XVIII century Moscow Academy was found on a basis of European «pre-classical» university pattern and became the first higher institute for all social estates in Russia. After the Peter’s the Great death the Academy experiences reduction of material security and contraction of the students’ social estate. Another tendency is also observed - the penetration of European university modernization ideas in Russia provokes the start of several national university projects. During the Catherine’s the Second reign these ideas influence on the evolution of the Academy as well as already generated Academy educational tradition influences the specified university projects. This reciprocal effect leads the creation of separate higher educational systems: secular, under the Ministry of National Enlightenment, and theological, under the Holy Synod. The sources allow tracking the participation of higher state and church fi gures working together on both structures. As a result Moscow Academy served as a sample for other theological academies and thus has become the foundation of the whole theological education system

By inventing initiatory melodrama, by constructing a perfect gaze and by telling different love trajectories (be they perfect or imperfect), Lost embodies two things simultaneously for its spectator. Through the motif of the eye, the series puts us in the contemplative place of Jacob as protector of the series; through the hand, it attempts to make us experience an anamnesis based on great affection and the love we feel for the series’ characters. In the end, the love that the characters feel for one another is also the love they feel for us and that we feel for them. En inventant le mélodrame initiatique, en construisant un regard parfait et en racontant différentes trajectoires amoureuses (parfaites ou imparfaites), Lost incarne deux choses simultanément pour son spectateur. Par l’œil, Lost nous met à la place contemplative de Jacob, en retrait, gardien de la série ; par la main, elle tente aussi de nous faire vivre une anamnèse qui passe par la grande affection, l’amour qu’on a pour les personnages de la série. À la fin, l’amour que se portent les personnages, c’est également l’amour qu’ils nous portent et que nous leur portons.

Designed protector of pulse-jet cleaning filter bag for refraining from damages caused by airflow. It was shown that air spurt angles and intensity were different from each other from various jets in the simulated map of airflow station. Simulated calculation of airflow station and expecially studied the protector and raising height (L) of venturi. The results indicated that cleaning airflow was the primary airflow about 60%-70% which entered filter bag from outside of intubation by induction; Raising height (L) and inclined angle (α) of nozzle would cause bigger effect on induction airflow and height (H) of nozzle slight effect on induction airflow, the optimal raising height (L) was 40-55 mm.

Este ensayo está dedicado a la reforma constitucional del 2011 de los derechos Humanos, enfocado en la educación y socialización de los mismo en México, considerando que es a través de la educación se fortalecen, concientizan y ciudadanizan los derechos humanos., {"references":["Badeni,Gegoria. (2010) Tratado de Derecho Constitucional. Argentina: Fondo Edotorial de Derecho y Economía","Carpizo, Jorge, Cossío Díaz, José Ramón (2011) La jurisdicción constitucional en México. México: Porrúa.","Constitución Política de los estados Unidos Mexicanos","Convención Amaricana sobre derechos Humanos (Pacto de San José)","De Paramo, Juan Ramón. (2010) Lección 7 conceptos jurídicos fundamentales. México: MacGrawHill.","Diario Oficial de la Federación de fecha 10 de junio del 2011. Decreto por el que se modifica la denominación del Capítulo I del Título Primero y reforma diversos artículos de la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos.","García Ramírez, Sergio. (2011) La reforma constitucional sobre derechos humanos. México: UNAM-Porrua.","Pérez Luño, A.E., (2009) Derechos Humanos, Estado de derecho y la Constitución. Madrid: Tecnos."]}

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, one of the most common liver diseases, has obtained increasing attention. Palmitate (PA)-induced liver injury is considered a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Autophagy, a cellular degradative pathway, is an important self-defense mechanism in response to various stresses. In this study, we investigated whether autophagy plays a protective role in the progression of PA-induced hepatocytes injury. Results Annexin V-FITC/PI staining by FCM analysis, TUNEL assay and the detection of PARP and cleaved caspase3 expression levels demonstrated that PA treatment prominently induced the apoptosis of hepatocytes. Meanwhile, treatment of PA strongly induced the formation of GFP-LC3 dots, the conversion from LC3I to LC3II, the decrease of p62 protein levels and the increase of autophagosomes. These results indicated that PA also induced autophagy activation. Autophagy inhibition through chloroquine pretreatment or Atg5shRNA infection led to the increase of cell apoptosis after PA treatment. Moreover, induction of autophagy by pretreatment with rapamycin resulted in distinct decrease of PA-induced apoptosis. Therefore, autophagy can prevent hepatocytes from PA-induced apoptosis. In the further study, we explored pathway of autophagy activation in PA-treated hepatocytes. We found that PA activated PKCα in hepatocytes, and had no influence on mammalian target of rapamycin and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways. Conclusions These results demonstrated that autophagy plays a protective role in PA-induced hepatocytes apoptosis. And PA might induce autophagy through activating PKCα pathway in hepatocytes.

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate protective and therapeutic effects of a specific mixture, containing vitamin C, lysine, proline, epigallocatechin gallate and zinc, as well as alpha-1-antitrypsin protein on lung tumorigenesis induced by benzo(a) pyrene [B(a)P] in mice. Materials and Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into two main experiments, experiment (1) the mice were injected with 100 mg/kg B(a)P and lasted for 28 weeks, while experiment (2) the mice were injected with 8 doses each of 50 mg/kg B(a)P and lasted for 16 weeks. Each experiment (1 and 2) divided into five groups, group (I) received vehicle, group (II) received the protector mixture, group (III) received the carcinogen B(a)P, group (IV) received the protector together with the carcinogen (simultaneously) and group (V) received the carcinogen then the protector (consecutively). Results: Total sialic acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, vascular epithelial growth factor, hydroxyproline levels, as well as elastase and gelatinase activities showed significant elevation in group (III) in the two experiments comparing to control group (P < 0.001). These biochemical alterations were associated with histopathological changes. Administration of the protector in group IV and group V causes significant decrease in such parameters with improvement in histopathological alterations with improvement in histopathological alterations when compared with group III in the two experiments (P < 0.001). Conclusion: The present protector mixture has the ability to suppress neoplastic alteration and restore the biochemical and histopathological parameters towards normal on lung carcinogenesis induced by benzo(a) pyrene in mice. Furthermore, the present mixture have more protective rather than therapeutic action.