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Mazabraud’s syndrome is a condition that combines fibrous dysplasia with of single or multiple intramuscular myxomas, which etiology remains relatively unknown. We present three cases of this uncommon disease. All patients received marginal resection of their symptomatic myxomas, with histopathological confirmation of the lesions after surgery and follow-ups of more than one year. Mazabraud’s syndrome corresponds to a very rare disease. The management of these patients should be focused on the treatment of symptoms and avoidance of complications. Fracture risk is to be studied and treated if necessary. Conclusions: This disease is probably underestimated. It’s important to report cases in order to advance in the knowledge of this syndrome.

[ES] La profilaxis antibiótica en cirugía es una de las medidas más eficaces para la prevención de la infección de localización quirúrgica, aunque su uso es con frecuencia inadecuado, pudiendo incrementar el riesgo de infección, toxicidades y resistencias bacterianas. Debido al avance en las técnicas quirúrgicas y la emergencia de microorganismos multirresistentes las actuales pautas de profilaxis precisan ser revisadas. La Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas (SEIMC), conjuntamente con la Asociación Española de Cirujanos (AEC) ha revisado y actualizado las recomendaciones de profilaxis antimicrobiana para adaptarlas a cada tipo de intervención quirúrgica y a la epidemiología actual. En este documento se recogen las recomendaciones de los antimicrobianos utilizados en profilaxis en los diferentes procedimientos, las dosis, la duración, la profilaxis en huéspedes especiales, y en situación epidemiológica de multirresistencia, de tal forma que permitan un manejo estandarizado, un uso racional, seguro y efectivo de los mismos en la cirugía electiva., [EN] Antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery is one of the most effective measures for preventing surgical site infection, although its use is frequently inadequate and may even increase the risk of infection, toxicities and antimicrobial resistance. As a result of advances in surgical techniques and the emergence of multidrug-resistant organisms, the current guidelines for prophylaxis need to be revised. The Sociedad Española de Enfermedades Infecciosas (Spanish Society of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology) (SEIMC) together with the Asociación Española de Cirujanos (Spanish Association of Surgeons) (AEC) have revised and updated the recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis in surgery to adapt them to any type of surgical intervention and to current epidemiology. This document gathers together the recommendations on antimicrobial prophylaxis in the various procedures, with doses, duration, prophylaxis in special patient groups, and in epidemiological settings of multidrug resistance to facilitate standardized management and the safe, effective and rational use of antibiotics in elective surgery.

SeqCOVID-Spain consortium: Álvaro Chiner-Oms, Irving Cancino-Muñoz, Mariana G. López, Manuela Torres-Puente, Inmaculada Gómez-Navarro, Santiago Jiménez-Serrano, Jordi Pérez-Tur, Darío García de Viedma, Laura Pérez-Lago, Marta Herranz, Jon Sicilia, Pilar Catalán-Alonso, Julia Suárez González, Patricia Muñoz, Mireia Coscolla, Paula Ruiz-Rodríguez, Fernando González-Candelas, Iñaki Comas, Lidia Ruiz-Roldán, María Alma Bracho, Neris García-González, Llúcia Martínez Priego, Inmaculada Galán-Vendrell, Paula Ruiz-Hueso, Griselda De Marco, María Loreto Ferrús-Abad, Sandra Carbó-Ramírez, Giuseppe D’Auria, Galo Adrian Goig, Juan Alberola, Jose Miguel Nogueira, Juan José Camarena, David Navarro, Eliseo Albert, Ignacio Torres, Maitane Aranzamendi Zaldumbide, Óscar Martínez Expósito, Nerea Antona Urieta, María de Toro, María Pilar Bea-Escudero, Jose Antonio Boga, Cristian Castelló-Abietar, Susana Rojo-Alba, Marta Elena Álvarez-Argüelles, Santiago Melón, Elisa Martró, Antoni E. Bordoy, Anna Not, Adrián Antuori, Anabel Fernández-Navarro, Andrés Canut-Blasco, Silvia Hernáez Crespo, Maria Luz Cordón Rodríguez, Maria Concepción Lecaroz Agara, Carmen Gómez-González, Amaia Aguirre-Quiñonero, José Israel López-Mirones, Marina Fernández-Torres, Maria Rosario Almela-Ferrer, Ana Carvajal, Juan Miguel Fregeneda-Grandes, Héctor Argüello, Gustavo Cilla Eguiluz, Milagrosa Montes Ros, Luis Piñeiro Vázquez, Ane Sorarrain, José María Marimón, José J. Costa-Alcalde, Rocío Trastoy, Gema Barbeito Castiñeiras, Amparo Coira, María Luisa Pérez del Molino, Antonio Aguilera, Begoña Palop-Borrás, Inmaculada de Toro Peinado, Maria Concepción Mediavilla Gradolph, Mercedes Pérez-Ruiz, Mirian Fernández-Alonso, Jose Luis del Pozo, Oscar González-Recio, Mónica Gutiérrez-Rivas, Jovita Fernández-Pinero, Miguel Ángel Jiménez Clavero, Begoña Fuster Escrivá, Concepción Gimeno Cardona, María Dolores Ocete Mochón, Rafael Medina-Gonzalez, José Antonio Lepe, Verónica González Galán, Ángel Rodríguez-Villodres, Nieves Gonzalo Jiménez, Jordi Reina, Carla López-Causapé, Maria Dolores Gómez-Ruiz, Eva M. Gonzalez-Barbera, José Luis López-Hontangas, Vicente Martín, Antonio J. Molina, Tania Fernandez-Villa, Ana Milagro Beamonte, Nieves Felisa Martínez-Cameo, Yolanda Gracia-Grataloup, Rosario Moreno-Muñoz, Maria Dolores Tirado Balaguer, José María Navarro-Marí, Irene Pedrosa-Corral, Sara Sanbonmatsu-Gámez, Antonio Oliver, Mónica Parra Grande, Bárbara Gómez Alonso, Francisco José Arjona Zaragozí, Maria Carmen Pérez González, Francisco Javier Chamizo López, Ana Bordes-Benítez, Núria Rabella, Ferran Navarro, Elisenda Miró, Antonio Rezusta, Alexander Tristancho, Encarnación Simarro Córdoba, Julia Lozano-Serra, Lorena Robles Fonseca, Álex Soriano, Francisco Javier Roig Sena, Hermelinda Vanaclocha Luna, Isabel Sanmartín, Daniel García-Souto, Ana Pequeño-Valtierra, Jose M. C. Tubio, Javier Temes, Jorge Rodríguez-Castro, Martín Santamarina García, Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias, Fátima Galán-Sanchez, Salud Rodríguez-Pallares, José Manuel Azcona-Gutiérrez, Miriam Blasco-Alberdi, Alfredo Mayor, Alberto L. García-Basteiro, Gemma Moncunill, Carlota Dobaño, Pau Cisteró, Oriol Mitjà, Camila González-Beiras, Martí Vall-Mayans, Marc Corbacho-Monné, Andrea Alemany, Cristina Muñoz-Cuevas, Guadalupe Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Rafael Benito, Sonia Algarate, Jessica Bueno, Andrea Vergara-Gómez, Miguel J. Martínez, Jordi Vila, Elisa Rubio, Aida Peiró-Mestres, Jessica Navero-Castillejos, David Posada, Diana Valverde, Nuria Estévez, Iria Fernández-Silva, Loretta de Chiara, Pilar Gallego-García, Nair Varela, Ulises Gómez-Pinedo, Mónica Gozalo-Margüello, Maria Eliecer Cano García, José Manuel Méndez-Legaza, Jesus Rodríguez-Lozano, María Siller, Daniel Pablo-Marcos, Maria Montserrat Ruiz-García, Antonio Galiana, Judith Sánchez-Almendro, Maria Isabel Gascón Ros, Cristina Juana Torregrosa-Hetland, Eva María Pastor Boix, Paloma Cascales Ramos, Pedro Luis Garcinuño Enríquez, Salvador Raga Borja, Julia González Cantó, Olalla Martínez Macias, Adolfo de Salazar, Laura Viñuela González, Natalia Chueca, Federico García, Cristina Gómez-Camarasa, Amparo Farga Martí, Rocío Falcón, Victoria Domínguez-Márquez, Anna M. Planas, Israel Fernández-Cádenas, Maria Ángeles Marcos, Carmen Ezpeleta, Ana Navascués, Ana Miqueleiz Zapatero, Manuel Segovia, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Esther Viedma, Raúl Recio Martínez, Irene Muñoz-Gallego, Sara Gonzalez-Bodi, Maria Dolores Folgueira, Jesús Mingorance, Elias Dahdouh, Fernando Lázaro-Perona, María Rodríguez-Tejedor, María Pilar Romero-Gómez, Julio García-Rodríguez, Juan Carlos Galán, Mario Rodríguez-Dominguez, Laura Martínez-García, Melanie Abreu Di Berardino, Manuel Ponce-Alonso, Jose Maria González-Alba, Ivan Sanz-Muñoz, Diana Pérez San José, Maria Gil Fortuño, Juan B. Bellido-Blasco, Alberto Yagüe Muñoz, Noelia Hernández Pérez, Helena Buj Jordá, Óscar Pérez Olaso, Alejandro González Praetorius, Nora Mariela Martínez Ramírez, Aida Ramírez Marinero, Eduardo Padilla León, Alba Vilas Basil, Mireia Canal Aranda, Albert Bernet Sánchez, Alba Bellés Bellés, Eric López González, Iván Prats Sánchez, Mercè García-González, Miguel José Martínez-Lirola, Manuel Ángel Rodríguez Maresca, Maria Teresa Cabezas Fernández, María Eugenia Carrillo Gil, Maria Paz Ventero Martín, Carmen Molina Pardines, Nieves Orta Mira, María Navarro Cots, Inmaculada Vidal Catalá, Isabel García Nava, Soledad Illescas Fernández-Bermejo, José Martínez-Alarcón, Marta Torres-Narbona, Cristina Colmenarejo, Lidia García-Agudo, Jorge A. Pérez García, Martín Yago López, María Ángeles Goberna Bravo, Victoria Simón García, Gonzalo Llop Furquet, Agustín Iranzo Tatay, Sandra Moreno-Marro, Noelia Lozano Rodríguez, Amparo Broseta Tamarit, Juan José Badiola Díez, Amparo Martínez-Ramírez, Ana Dopazo, Sergio Callejas, Alberto Benguría, Begoña Aguado, Antonio Alcamí, Marta Bermejo Bermejo, Ricardo Ramos-Ruíz, Víctor Manuel Fernández Soria, Fernando Simón Soria & Mercedes Roig Cardells, The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the world radically since 2020. Spain was one of the European countries with the highest incidence during the first wave. As a part of a consortium to monitor and study the evolution of the epidemic, we sequenced 2,170 samples, diagnosed mostly before lockdown measures. Here, we identified at least 500 introductions from multiple international sources and documented the early rise of two dominant Spanish epidemic clades (SECs), probably amplified by superspreading events. Both SECs were related closely to the initial Asian variants of SARS-CoV-2 and spread widely across Spain. We inferred a substantial reduction in the effective reproductive number of both SECs due to public-health interventions (Re, This work was mainly funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III project COV20/00140, with additional funding by Spanish National Research Council project CSIC-COV19-021, Ministerio de Ciencia project PID2019-104477RB-100, ERC StG 638553 and ERC CoG 101001038 to I.C., and BFU2017-89594R to F.G.C. M.C. is supported by Ramón y Cajal program from Ministerio de Ciencia and grants RTI2018-094399-A-I00 and Generalitat Valenciana (Regional Government) project SEJI/2019/011. We gratefully acknowledge Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, IrsiCaixa AIDS Research Lab and all the international researchers and institutions that submitted sequenced SARS-CoV-2 genomes to the GISAID’s EpiCov Database (Supplementary Table 1), as an important part of our analyses has been made possible by the sharing of their work. We also thank Unidad de Bioinformática y Estadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, for allowing us to use the Computer Cluster to perform some of the bioinformatic analysis.

Introduction: Healthcare-associated (HCA) infections represent a growing public health problem. The aim of this study was to compare community-onset healthcare associated (CO-HCA) bacteremic urinary tract infections (BUTI) and hospital-acquired (HA)-BUTI with special focus on multidrug resistances (MDR) and outcomes. Methods: ITUBRAS-project is a prospective multicenter cohort study of patients with HCA-BUTI. All consecutive hospitalized adult patients with CO-HCA-BUTI or HA-BUTI episode were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were: patients \ 18 years old, non-hospitalized patients, bacteremia from another source or primary bacteremia, non-healthcare related infections and infections caused by unusual pathogens of the urinary tract. Th main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality with day 1 as the first day of positive blood culture. Logistic regression was used to analyze factors associated with clinical cure at hospital discharge and with receiving inappropriate initial antibiotic treatment. Cox regression was used to evaluate 30-day all-cause mortality. Results: Four hundred forty-three episodes were included, 223 CO-HCA-BUTI. Patients with CO-HCA-BUTI were older (p \ 0.001) and had more underlying diseases (p = 0.029) than those with HA-BUTI. The severity of the acute illness (Pitt score) was also higher in CO-HCABUTI (p = 0.026). Overall, a very high rate of MDR profiles (271/443, 61.2%) was observed, with no statistical differences between groups. In multivariable analysis, inadequate empirical treatment was associated with MDR profile (aOR 3.35; 95% CI 1.77?6.35), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (aOR 2.86; 95% CI 1.27?6.44) and Charlson index (aOR 1.11; 95% CI 1.01?1.23). Mortality was not associated with the site of acquisition of the infection or the presence of MDR profile. However, in the logistic regression analyses patients with CO-HCA-BUTI (aOR 0.61; 95% CI 0.40?0.93) were less likely to present clinical cure. Conclusion: The rate of MDR infections was worryingly high in our study. No differences in MDR rates were found between CO-HCA-BUTI and HA-BUTI, in the probability of receiving inappropriate empirical treatment or in 30-day mortality. However, CO-HCA-BUTIs were associated with worse clinical cure. Funding. This study and the journal’s Rapid Service Fee are sponsored and funded by MSD Spain. The study was also supported by Plan Nacional de I+D+i 2013–2016 and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Subdirección General de Redes y Centros de Investigación Cooperativa, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0004, RD16/ 0016/0005, RD16/0016/0007, RD16/0016/0010, RD16/0016/0011 and RD16/0016/0015), co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund ‘A way to achieve Europe’ (ERDF), Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014–2020.

Computational models of biophysical tissue properties have been widely used in diffusion MRI (dMRI) research to elucidate the link between microstructural properties and MR signal formation. For brain tissue, the research community has developed the so-called Standard Model (SM) that has been widely used. However, in clinically applicable acquisition protocols, the inverse problem that recovers the SM parameters from a set of MR diffusion measurements using pairs of short pulsed field gradients was shown to be ill-posed. Multidimensional dMRI was shown to solve this problem by combining linear and planar tensor encoding data. Given sufficient measurements, multiple choices of b-tensor sets provide enough information to estimate all SM parameters. However, in the presence of noise, some sets will provide better results. In this work, we develop a framework for optimal experimental design of multidimensional dMRI sequences applicable to the SM. This framework is based on maximising the determinant of the Fisher information matrix, which is averaged over the full SM parameter space. This averaging provides a fairly objective information metric tailored for the expected signal but that only depends on the acquisition configuration. The optimisation of this metric can be further restricted to any subclass of desirable design constraints like, for instance, hardware-specific constraints. In this work, we compute the optimal acquisitions over the set of all b-tensors with fixed eigenvectors., Comment: Accepted for publication in MICCAI 2019, 9 pages, 2 figures

The incidence and prevalence of sepsis depend on the definitions and records that we use and we may be underestimating their impact. Up to 60% of the cases come from the community and in 30-60% we obtain microbiological information. Sometimes its presentation is ambiguous and there may be a delay in its detection, especially in the fragile population. Procalcitonin is the most validated biomarker for bacterial sepsis and the one that best discriminates the non-infectious cause. Presepsin and pro-adrenomedullin are useful for early diagnosis, risk stratification and prognosis in septic patients. The combination of biomarkers is even more useful to clarify an infectious cause than any isolated biomarker. Resuscitation with artificial colloids has worse results than crystalloids, especially in patients with renal insufficiency. The combination of saline solution and balanced crystalloids is associated with a better prognosis. Albumin is only recommended in patients who require a large volume of fluids. The modern molecular methods on the direct sample or the identification by MALDI-TOF on positive blood culture have helped to shorten the response times in diagnosis, to optimize the antibiotic treatment and to facilitate stewardship programs. The hemodynamic response in neonates and children is different from that in adults. In neonatal sepsis, persistent pulmonary hypertension leads to an increase in right ventricular afterload and heart failure with hepatomegaly. Hypotension, poor cardiac output with elevated systemic vascular resistance (cold shock) is often a terminal sign in septic shock. Developing ultra-fast Point-of-Care tests (less than 30 minutes), implementing technologies based on omics, big data or massive sequencing or restoring “healthy” microbiomes in critical patients after treatment are the main focuses of research in sepsis. The main benefits of establishing a sepsis code are to decrease the time to achieve diagnosis and treatment, improve organization, unify criteria, promote teamwork to achieve common goals, increase participation, motivation and satisfaction among team members, and reduce costs.

In the last few years there has been an increase of implantable cardiac electronic device and vascular graft related infections. This is due in part to a higher complexity of some of these procedures and an increase in patient's comorbidities. Despite wide diagnosis methods availability, early stage diagnosis usually constitutes a challenge as often patients only denote insidious symptoms. In most confirmed cases, removal of the infected device is required to resolve the infection. This is mostly explainable because of bacterial ability to grow as biofilms on biomaterial surfaces, conferring them antimicrobial resistance. If removal is not possible, chronic suppressive antimicrobial therapy could be an option.

La red de drenaje del parque nacional de la Caldera de Taburiente (La Palma, Islas Canarias) está constituida por numerosos torrentes tributarios del barranco de Las Angustias, que presentan frecuentes e intensos eventos de avenidas súbitas. Estas riadas han producido incluso víctimas mortales entre practicantes de senderismo (3 fallecidos en noviembre de 2001) e importantes pérdidas económicas al interferir con los proyectos de repoblación de las riberas con especies autóctonas (superiores a los 700.000 euros en los últimos dos años); aparte de daños puntuales a instalaciones del parque y las sendas más transitadas. Ante la imposibilidad de realizar análisis de peligrosidad con métodos hidrológicohidráulicos convencionales por no existir estaciones de aforo representativas ni datos pluviométricos con series largas y discriminación temporal adecuada, se ha recurrido a los métodos dendrogeomorfológicos. Para ello, en dos campañas de campo se han caracterizado geomorfológica y florísticamente varios tramos de los barrancos principales, y se ha muestreado y analizado cerca de 60 ejemplares de pino canario (Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm. ex DC.) ubicados en las proximidades de los cauces. A partir del análisis de la secuencia de anillos y de las heridas de los descortezados producidos por la carga sólida transportada durante las riadas, se ha podido reconstruir el registro reciente (últimos 150 años) de eventos de avenidas súbitas que han sufrido estos barrancos. En paralelo se ha realizado una topografía de detalle de los tramos de barranco que, junto con las alturas de los descortezados, permite tener una primera aproximación hidráulica a la magnitud de dichos eventos (caudales, velocidades, energías?). Con toda esta información se pretende realizar un estudio integral de peligrosidad y riesgo, de utilidad para los gestores del parque nacional. Los estudios son financiados por el proyecto de investigación IDEA-GesPPNN (www.idea-gesppnn.es), del Organismo Autónomo de Parques Nacionales (MAGRAMA)

Laparoscopic instrument tracking systems are an essential component in image-guided interventions and offer new possibilities to improve and automate objective assessment methods of surgical skills. In this study we present our system design to apply a third generation optical pose tracker (Micron- Tracker®) to laparoscopic practice. A technical evaluation of this design is performed in order to analyze its accuracy in computing the laparoscopic instrument tip position. Results show a stable fluctuation error over the entire analyzed workspace. The relative position errors are 1.776±1.675 mm, 1.817±1.762 mm, 1.854±1.740 mm, 2.455±2.164 mm, 2.545±2.496 mm, 2.764±2.342 mm, 2.512±2.493 mm for distances of 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 mm, respectively. The accumulated distance error increases with the measured distance. The instrument inclination covered by the system is high, from 90 to 7.5 degrees. The system reports a low positional accuracy for the instrument tip.

En muchos espacios naturales protegidos, el flujo peatonal de visitantes se concentra en determinados sectores del área de uso público, sobre todo en la proximidad de las principales vías de acceso (carreteras, núcleos de población...) y en un reducido número de sendas y caminos peatonales que comunican los elementos más visitados. Es el caso del camino hacia la Cola de Caballo en el parque nacional de Ordesa y Monte Perdido; el camino a la ermita de San Frutos en el parque natural de las Hoces del río Duratón; o la senda que comunica el Salto del Gitano con el castillo y la ermita en el parque nacional de Monfragüe, por citar algunos ejemplos. Esta concentración de actividades de senderismo produce en determinados tramos de estos caminos y sendas (zonas con suelos arenosos o limosos y altas pendientes) una erosión hídrica acelerada por el efecto físico del pisoteo, compactación y continua fricción. En ocasiones se llegan a formar regueros, pequeños barrancos y se pierden grandes cantidades de suelos fértiles, que además fosilizan y aterran aquéllas zonas donde va a parar la escorrentía, produciendo importantes impactos en estos espacios singulares. Existen numerosos ejemplos de ingentes partidas económicas que los gestores de estos espacios protegidos tienen que destinar a la reparación y recuperación de estas sendas y su entorno. Para ayudar a los gestores es básico disponer de metodologías y herramientas que cuantifiquen esta erosión hídrica (en mm/año) delimitando qué tramos de estas sendas y caminos tienen los mayores problemas erosivos, para así determinar cuáles deben ser prioritarios en su corrección, o qué acciones de restricción de paso o determinación de capacidad de acogida, son necesarias adoptar. Para esta cuantificación son muy útiles, desde hace décadas, las técnicas dendrogeomorfológicas aplicadas a las raíces de árboles que han quedado expuestas a la intemperie por la erosión acelerada en las sendas. En este trabajo se propone una nueva metodología de medición del suelo denudado en relación con la raíz, basado en el estudio microtopográfico de la superficie utilizando moldes y réplicas de alta resolución realizados en diferentes tipos de siliconas, latex y escayolas, y su posterior escaneo tridimensional. La zona piloto donde se ha ensayado esta metodología son los senderos y caminos del parque nacional de Monfragüe (Cáceres), que presentan raíces expuestas debido a la intensa erosión hídrica acelerada como consecuencia de la elevada concentración de visitantes. Los estudios son financiados por el proyecto de investigación IDEA-GesPPNN, del OAPN (MAGRAMA).

Sistema de seguimiento del instrumental laparoscópico basado en marcas artificiales: pruebas iniciales

Recently we have proposed and demonstrated a novel and compact read-out principle for cantilever deflection with a grated waveguide optical cavity. The device, consisting of a microcantilever suspended above a Si3N4 grated waveguide (GWG), is a potentially highly sensitive mechano-optical sensor for gas sensing. In this report, we present results of a numerical investigation to optimize such an integrated GWG-cantilever platform using the bidirectional eigenmode propagation method. The results show that sensitivity of the device strongly depends on the grating depth, length of the grated section and the cantilever width.

Relativity is an integral part of positioning systems, and this is taken into account in today's practice by applying many "relativistic corrections" to computations performed using concepts borrowed from Galilean physics. A different, fully relativistic paradigm can be developed for operating a positioning system. This implies some fundamental changes. For instance, the basic coordinates are four times (with a symmetric meaning, not three space coordinate and one time coordinate) and the satellites must have cross-link capabilities. Gravitation must, of course, be taken into account, but not using the Newtonian theory: the gravitation field is, and only is, the space-time metric. This implies that the positioning problem and the gravimetry problem can not be separated. An optimization theory can be developed that, because it is fully relativistic, does not contain any "relativistic correction". We suggest that all positioning satellite systems should be operated in this way. The first benefit of doing so would be a clarification and a simplification of the theory. We also expect, at the end, to be able to run the positioning systems with increased accuracy., Comment: Lesson delivered at the Salamanca School, 35 pages, 1 figure

Para prevenir el riesgo de inundación, en el análisis científico de la peligrosidad asociada a las avenidas fluviales, clásicamente se han empleado métodos hidrológico-hidráulicos y, en menor medida, histórico-paleohidrológicos y geológico-geomorfológicos. Sin embargo, estas técnicas plantean enormes incertidumbres científicas por la disponibilidad de los datos de partida, su validez espacio-temporal, y su representatividad estadística. La Dendrogeomorfología es un conjunto de técnicas que, aprovechando fuentes de información registradas en las raíces, troncos y ramas de los árboles y arbustos ubicados en determinadas posiciones geomorfológicas (bancos de orilla, barras longitudinales, llanura de inundación, etc.), permite completar (e incluso suplir) el registro sistemático y paleohidrológico de avenidas torrenciales que han acontecido en esa corriente. En este artículo se propone investigar, se muestran los resultados-tipo y se discute sobre la aplicación y limitaciones de las fuentes de datos y los métodos científicos derivados del análisis dendrogeomorfológico. Para llevarlo a cabo, se sugiere una combinación de métodos de adquisición de datos en campo, estudios de laboratorio y análisis de datos en gabinete, con un plan de trabajo que contempla doce tareas o actividades: 1, caracterización geomorfológica; 2, caracterización florística; 3, muestreo de ejemplares: 4, adquisición de datos topográficos detallados; 5, preparación de las muestras; 6, conteo y medida de los anillos de crecimiento; 7, estudio anatómico e histológico; 8, sincronización de las series; 9, detección y datación de eventos; 10, modelación hidráulica de tramos; 11, análisis estadístico de caudales de avenida; y 12, cartografía de las áreas de peligrosidad por avenidas torrenciales y mapas de riesgo. - In order to prevent flood risks, scientific fluvial flood hazard analysis has been carried out traditionally with hydrologic and hydraulic methods, and secondarily, using palaeohydrological-historical and geological-geomorphological methods. Nonetheless, these techniques pose countless uncertainties due to the availability of the data, their spatio-temporal validity and their statistical representativeness. Dendrogeomorphology is a set of techniques that takes advantage of sources of information registered in roots, trunks and branches of trees or treelike bushes placed in certain geomorphological locations (such as banks, longitudinal bars, flood prone areas, etc.), that may be useful to complete the systematic registry or paleohydrologic data of torrential floods that have occurred in a certain stream. The aim of this paper is to research the usefulness and limitations of the data sources and methodologies derived from the dendrogeomorphological analysis. For accomplishing this objective a combination of methods is proposed, from data acquisition methods in field, laboratory studies, to data analysis. The schedule comprises twelve tasks: 1, geomorphologic characterization; 2, floristic characterization; 3, species sampling: 4, acquisition of detailed topographic data; 5, sample arrangement; 6, growth ring count and measurement; 7, hystologic and anatomic study; 8, series synchronization; 9, event detection and dating; 10, hydraulic reach modelling; 11, flow data statistical analysis; y 12, hazard and flood prone areas cartography and risk mapping.

Senovilla has recently defined an algebraic construction of a superenergy tensor T{A} from any arbitrary tensor A, by structuring it as an r-fold form. This superenergy tensor satisfies automatically the dominant superenergy property. We present a more compact definition using the r-direct product Clifford algebra r-Cl(p,q). This form for the superenergy tensors allows to obtain an easy proof of the dominant superenergy property valid for any dimension., Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX, uses ere99.sty, contribution to proceedings of ERE99, Bilbao, Sep 7th-10th

Las aplicaciones de salud conectadas son herramientas eficientes para mejorar los servicios de salud. La salud conectada está demostrando ser uno de los promotores más fuertes para la transformación global de la industria del cuidado de la salud. Actualmente, la información sobre salud es verdaderamente omnipresente, pero para garantizar que todos puedan acceder y comprender adecuadamente esta información, es esencial superar la brecha internacional. La diversidad de idiomas y culturas de las personas que buscan información en salud supone que las aplicaciones de salud electrónica deban adaptarse para satisfacer las diferentes necesidades. Los requisitos de sostenibilidad también deben ser considerados en el desarrollo de aplicaciones de salud conectadas para aumentar su adopción a gran escala. La hipótesis de esta tesis doctoral es: “Las aplicaciones de salud conectadas pueden mejorarse eficazmente a través de artefactos y métodos definidos desde el campo de la Ingeniería de Requisitos.” Los requisitos de las aplicaciones de salud dependen en gran medida del dominio de aplicación. Esta tesis se realiza en el contexto de la donación de sangre. El objetivo principal de esta tesis es desarrollar artefactos que permitan la evaluación efectiva de las aplicaciones de donación de sangre desde el punto de vista de la internacionalización (i18n) y la sostenibilidad. Las contribuciones más importantes de esta tesis son: (1) estudiar las aplicaciones móviles de donación de sangre que están disponibles en repositorios de aplicaciones, (2) desarrollar un catálogo de requisitos reutilizables para aplicaciones internacionalizadas y sostenibles de e-salud, (3) diseñar un método de auditoría basado en el catálogo reutilizable para evaluar la sostenibilidad y la internacionalización de las aplicaciones de salud conectadas y (4) validar el catálogo construido y evaluar empíricamente el método de auditoría. El enfoque presentado en este estudio está sujeto a la mejora continua a través de la incorporación de nuevos conocimientos provenientes de fuentes de información adicionales, así como de otras normas, estándares o partes interesadas. Como trabajo futuro, se tiene previsto desarrollar una herramienta automatizada que soporte el método de auditoría., Connected health applications are efficient tools to improve healthcare services. Connected health is proving to be one of the strongest drivers for the global transformation of the health care industry. Health information is currently truly ubiquitous and widespread, but in order to guarantee that everyone can appropriately access and understand this information, it is essential to bridge the international gap. The diversity of health information seekers languages and cultures signifies that e-health applications must be adapted to satisfy their needs. Sustainability requirements also should be considered in the development of connected health application to increase their large scale adoptability. The hypothesis of this doctoral dissertation is thus as follows: “Connected health applications can be effectively improved through artifacts and methods defined from the field of Requirements Engineering.” Health application requirements are highly context-dependent. For this reason, this dissertation is undertaken in the blood donation context. The main objective of this thesis is to develop artifacts that allow the effective evaluation of blood donation applications from the point of view of internationalization and sustainability. The key contributions of this thesis are: (1) studying blood donation applications which are available in app repositories, (2) developing a reusable requirements catalog for internationalized and sustainable connected health applications, (3) designing an audit method based on the reusable catalog to assess sustainability and internationalization of connected health applications, and (4) empirically validating the catalog and the audit method. The approach presented in this study is subject to continuous improvement through the incorporation of new knowledge originating from additional information sources, such as other standards or stakeholders. Developing an automated tool with which to carry out the audit method should be considered for future work.