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40 results on '"Point sources"'

1. Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia-Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses-Applying Common Water Quality Indices

Author

Jens Tränckner, Semaria Moga Lencha, and Mihret Dananto

Subjects
Canada, Watershed, Riparian buffer, monitoring and assessment, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Population, water quality index, Water supply, Article, Water Quality, Environmental monitoring, Trophic state index, education, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, Lake Hawassa water quality, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, point sources, Lakes, eutrophication, Medicine, Environmental science, contaminants, Water quality, Ethiopia, business, Eutrophication, Water resource management, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The rapid growth of urbanization, industrialization and poor wastewater management practices have led to an intense water quality impediment in Lake Hawassa Watershed. This study has intended to engage the different water quality indices to categorize the suitability of the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed for anthropogenic uses and identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. Analysis of physicochemical water quality parameters at selected sites and periods was conducted throughout May 2020 to January 2021 to assess the present status of the Lake Watershed. In total, 19 monitoring sites and 21 physicochemical parameters were selected and analyzed in a laboratory. The Canadian council of ministries of the environment (CCME WQI) and weighted arithmetic (WA WQI) water quality indices have been used to cluster the water quality of Lake Hawassa Watershed and the Carlson trophic state index (TSI) has been employed to identify the trophic state of Lake Hawassa. The water quality is generally categorized as unsuitable for drinking, aquatic life and recreational purposes and it is excellent to unsuitable for irrigation depending on the sampling location and the applied indices. Specifically, in WA WQI, rivers were excellent for agricultural uses and Lake Hawassa was good for agricultural uses. However, the CCME WQI findings showed rivers were good for irrigation but lake Hawassa was marginal for agricultural use. Point sources were impaired for all envisioned purposes. The overall category of Lake Hawassa falls under a eutrophic state since the average TSI was 65.4 and the lake is phosphorous-deficient, having TN:TP of 31.1. The monitored point sources indicate that the city of Hawassa and its numerous industrial discharges are key polluters, requiring a fast and consequent set-up of an efficient wastewater infrastructure, accompanied by a rigorous monitoring of large point sources (e.g., industry, hospitals and hotels). In spite of the various efforts, the recovery of Lake Hawassa may take a long time as it is hydrologically closed. Therefore, to ensure safe drinking water supply, a central supply system according to World Health organization (WHO) standards also for the fringe inhabitants still using lake water is imperative. Introducing riparian buffer zones of vegetation and grasses can support the direct pollution alleviation measures and is helpful to reduce the dispersed pollution coming from the population using latrines. Additionally, integrating aeration systems like pumping atmospheric air into the bottom of the lake using solar energy panels or diffusers are effective mitigation measures that will improve the water quality of the lake. In parallel, the implementation and efficiency control of measures requires coordinated environmental monitoring with dedicated development targets.

Published
2021

2. Deriving Fundamental Solutions for Equations of Elastodynamics in Three-Dimensional Cubic Quasicrystals

Author

H. Çerdik Yaslan

Subjects
Physics, Hull speed, Mathematical analysis, Dynamic elasticity, Equations of elastodynamics, Point sources, General Physics and Astronomy, Quasicrystal, Displacement speed, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Fundamental solutions, Quasicrystals, Cubic quasicrystals
Abstract

Cubic quasicrystal (QC) is one of the important three-dimensional QCs. In this paper, according to Bak’s arguments, dynamic elasticity equations for cubic QCs are considered. Fundamental solutions (FSs) of the phonon-phason displacements, displacement speeds, and stresses arising from pulse point sources are computed. © 2019 Polish Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

3. Nutrient export from Finnish rivers into the Baltic Sea has not decreased despite water protection measures

Author

Antti Räike, Antti Taskinen, and Seppo Knuuttila

Subjects
Baltic States, Peat, Baltic Sea, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Nitrogen, Oceans and Seas, Geography, Planning and Development, chemistry.chemical_element, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Rivers, Environmental protection, Source water, Environmental Chemistry, Precipitation, Finland, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, business.industry, Phosphorus, Riverine export, Point sources, Water, Nutrients, General Medicine, Eutrophication, chemistry, Baltic sea, Agriculture, Environmental science, Water protection targets, business, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Research Article, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

To tackle the symptoms of eutrophication in the open Baltic Sea and Finnish coastal waters, Finland has agreed to reduce both total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) inputs. Due to large investments in treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters, TP loads started to decrease already in the mid-1970s and the respective TN loads in the mid-1990s. During the last two decades, much effort has been spent in decreasing the load originating from diffuse sources. Trend analyses in 1995–2016 showed that, despite various mitigation measures, riverine nutrient export has not substantially decreased, and especially the export from rivers draining agricultural lands remains high. In some areas TN concentrations and export were increasing and we found evidence that it was linked to ditching of peatlands. Several factors connected to climate/weather (e.g. temperature and precipitation) have counteracted the mitigation measures, and therefore Finland will not achieve the nutrient reduction targets by 2021. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-019-01217-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2019

4. Water Quality Monitoring with Emphasis on Estimation of Point and Diffuse Pollution Sources

Author

Albek, Erdem Ahmet, Göncü, Serdar, Uygun, Burcu Şimşek, Albek, Mine, Avdan, Zehra Yiğit, Güngör, Ömer, and Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit Üniversitesi

Subjects
Eskisehir, Water quality, Nonpoint sources, Total phosphorus, Point sources, Linear regression, Stream monitoring, Porsuk stream, Chloride, General Environmental Science
Abstract

Population growth, urbanization and anthropogenic activities are becoming a serious problem for water resources in Turkey, which necessitates their monitoring and maintenance of water quality. In this study, water quality was implemented in the Porsuk Stream in Inner Anatolia, Turkey. Water samples were collected at monthly intervals between the period of 2008-2010 at four selected stations. Twenty one water quality parameters were measured which are water temperature (T), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, turbidity, chloride, suspended solids, dissolved solids, organic nitrogen (Org-N), ammonium nitrogen (NH3-N), nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total organic carbon, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total coliform, alkalinity, orthophosphate phosphorus (PO4 3--P), total phosphorus and chlorophyll-a. The monitoring was conducted to see how the water quality changed along the stream in response to various anthropogenic activities. Besides, a paired t-test was utilized to determine the concentration differences at stations above and below the single most important point source of pollutants (Eskisehir city). Moreover, a regression model was used to establish relations between water quality parameters and flow and to estimate nonpoint source loadings. © 2019 Global NEST Printed in Greece., Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştirma Kurumu, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, In this study, the state of pollution of the Porsuk Stream Scientific and Technological Research Project: and the impacts of urban contributions on water quality An Y., Zou Z.H. and Li R.R. (2014). Water Quality Assessment in were determined. The natural sources especially the Harbin Reach of the Songhuajiang River ( China) Based agricultural applications are found to be the main water on a Fuzzy Rough Set and an Attribute Recognition pollution sources. As a result of point and nonpoint Theoretical Model. International Journal of Environmental sources discharges ? after Eskişehir ?Karahöyük and Research and Public Health, 11(4), 3507-3520. Yunusemre Stations) the water quality concentrations Anyanwu E.D., Ikomi R.B. and Arimoro F.O. (2013). increase and the class of Porsuk Stream is changing from Water quality andzooplanktonof theOgba River, BeninCity, polluted or highly polluted water. Especially, nitrogen and Nigeria. AfricanJournalof Aquatic Science, 38(2),193-199. phosphorus compounds are increasing. Basant N., Gupta S., Malik A. and Singh K.P. (2010). Linear and, The authors are indebted to the research fund of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey for supporting this study under a project entitled SInvestigation of the Effects of Climate Change on the Hydrology and Water Quality of the Lower Porsuk Stream Watershed Using HSPF and Determination of Best Water Management Strategies ? under project number 108Y091.

Published
2019

5. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in drinking water: Current state of the science

Author

Xavier Dauchy, Laboratoire d'hydrologie de Nancy (LHN), and Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)

Subjects
Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Water source, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), 01 natural sciences, Human health, Environmental health, Environmental Chemistry, State of the science, Drinking water treatment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, World markets, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Point sources, Water current, Human exposure, 6. Clean water, Guideline values, 020801 environmental engineering, Contaminated water, Water resources, Water pollution, 13. Climate action, Environmental science
Abstract

International audience; Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are ubiquitous emerging contaminants that have been used in many applications since the 1950s. They have been detected in many drinking water sources, sometimes at μg/L level in water impacted by point sources. Following growing concerns on adverse ecological and human health effects, in the early 2000s several countries established regulations on the PFASs of most concern. Fluorinated alternatives were consequently developed by manufacturers, resulting in the release of novel PFASs that have recently been detected in water resources. Like legacy PFASs, most of them are recalcitrant to conventional drinking water treatments. Governments face the challenge of defining guideline values for water often containing a mixture of several PFASs with little conclusive toxicological and epidemiological evidence. Around 3000 PFASs have been available on the global market, so the other key challenge is to identify the main ones in contaminated water resources, and to detect novel PFASs quicker than was the case for legacy PFASs.

Published
2019

6. Neutrinos below 100 TeV from the southern sky employing refined veto techniques to IceCube data

Author

Aartsen, MG, Ackermann, M, Adams, J, Aguilar, JA, Ahlers, M, Ahrens, M, Alispach, C, Altmann, D, Andeen, K, Anderson, T, Ansseau, I, Anton, G, Argüelles, C, Auffenberg, J, Axani, S, Backes, P, Bagherpour, H, Bai, X, Barbano, A, Barwick, SW, Baum, V, Bay, R, Beatty, JJ, Becker, K-H, Tjus, J Becker, BenZvi, S, Berley, D, Bernardini, E, Besson, DZ, Binder, G, Bindig, D, Blaufuss, E, Blot, S, Bohm, C, Börner, M, Böser, S, Botner, O, Bourbeau, E, Bourbeau, J, Bradascio, F, Braun, J, Bretz, H-P, Bron, S, Brostean-Kaiser, J, Burgman, A, Busse, RS, Carver, T, Chen, C, Cheung, E, Chirkin, D, Clark, K, Classen, L, Collin, GH, Conrad, JM, Coppin, P, Correa, P, Cowen, DF, Cross, R, Dave, P, de André, JPAM, De Clercq, C, DeLaunay, JJ, Dembinski, H, Deoskar, K, De Ridder, S, Desiati, P, de Vries, KD, de Wasseige, G, de With, M, DeYoung, T, Díaz-Vélez, JC, Dujmovic, H, Dunkman, M, Dvorak, E, Eberhardt, B, Ehrhardt, T, Eller, P, Evenson, PA, Fahey, S, Fazely, AR, Felde, J, Filimonov, K, Finley, C, Franckowiak, A, Friedman, E, Fritz, A, Gaisser, TK, Gallagher, J, Ganster, E, Garrappa, S, Gerhardt, L, Ghorbani, K, Glauch, T, Glüsenkamp, T, Goldschmidt, A, Gonzalez, JG, Grant, D, Griffith, Z, Günder, M, and Gündüz, M

Subjects
astro-ph.HE, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, hep-ex, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Veto techniques, Point sources, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Atomic, Particle and Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear, Neutrinos, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences
Abstract

Many Galactic sources of gamma rays, such as supernova remnants, are expected to produce neutrinos with a typical energy cutoff well below 100 TeV. For the IceCube Neutrino Observatory located at the South Pole, the southern sky, containing the inner part of the Galactic plane and the Galactic Center, is a particularly challenging region at these energies, because of the large background of atmospheric muons. In this paper, we present recent advancements in data selection strategies for track-like muon neutrino events with energies below 100 TeV from the southern sky. The strategies utilize the outer detector regions as veto and features of the signal pattern to reduce the background of atmospheric muons to a level which, for the first time, allows IceCube searching for point-like sources of neutrinos in the southern sky at energies between 100 GeV and several TeV in the muon neutrino charged current channel. No significant clustering of neutrinos above background expectation was observed in four years of data recorded with the completed IceCube detector. Upper limits on the neutrino flux for a number of spectral hypotheses are reported for a list of astrophysical objects in the southern hemisphere.

Published
2020

7. Planck intermediate results

Author

Planck Collaboration, Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Benabed, K., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Casaponsa, B., Chiang, H. C., Combet, C., Contreras, D., Crill, B. P., Cuttaia, F., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Di Valentino, E., Diego, J. M., Dor��, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., En��lin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fernandez-Cobos, R., Finelli, F., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Frolov, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., G��nova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Gonz��lez-Nuevo, J., G��rski, K. M., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Handley, W., Herranz, D., Hivon, E., Huang, Z., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Keih��nen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Krachmalnicoff, N., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lamarre, J. -M., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Jeune, M. Le, Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., L��pez-Caniego, M., Mac��as-P��rez, J. F., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marcos-Caballero, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Mart��nez-Gonz��lez, E., Matarrese, S., Mauri, N., McEwen, J. D., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Moss, A., Natoli, P., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Polenta, G., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renzi, A., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rubi��o-Mart��n, J. A., Ruiz-Granados, B., Salvati, L., Savelainen, M., Scott, D., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Spencer, L. D., Sullivan, R. M., Sunyaev, R., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, D., Tenti, M., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trombetti, T., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wehus, I. K., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], University of Oslo (UiO), Astrophysique, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS (UMR_8023)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Princeton University, Oskar Klein Centre [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), University of British Columbia (UBC), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Planck Collaboration, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Météo France-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planck, Laboratoire de physique de l'ENS - ENS Paris (LPENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Universiteit Leiden, Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Département de Physique de l'ENS-PSL, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique et Atmosphères = Laboratory for Studies of Radiation and Matter in Astrophysics and Atmospheres (LERMA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Universidad de Cantabria, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Akrami Y., Ashdown M., Aumont J., Baccigalupi C., Ballardini M., Banday A.J., Barreiro R.B., Bartolo N., Basak S., Benabed K., Bernard J.-P., Bersanelli M., Bielewicz P., Bond J.R., Borrill J., Bouchet F.R., Burigana C., Calabrese E., Cardoso J.-F., Casaponsa B., Chiang H.C., Combet C., Contreras D., Crill B.P., Cuttaia F., De Bernardis P., De Rosa A., De Zotti G., Delabrouille J., Di Valentino E., Diego J.M., Dore O., Douspis M., Dupac X., Ensslin T.A., Eriksen H.K., Fernandez-Cobos R., Finelli F., Frailis M., Franceschi E., Frolov A., Galeotta S., Galli S., Ganga K., Genova-Santos R.T., Gerbino M., Gonzalez-Nuevo J., Gorski K.M., Gruppuso A., Gudmundsson J.E., Handley W., Herranz D., Hivon E., Huang Z., Jaffe A.H., Jones W.C., Keihanen E., Keskitalo R., Kiiveri K., Kim J., Kisner T.S., Krachmalnicoff N., Kunz M., Kurki-Suonio H., Lamarre J.-M., Lattanzi M., Lawrence C.R., Le Jeune M., Levrier F., Liguori M., Lilje P.B., Lindholm V., Lopez-Caniego M., Macias-Perez J.F., Maino D., Mandolesi N., Marcos-Caballero A., Maris M., Martin P.G., Martinez-Gonzalez E., Matarrese S., Mauri N., McEwen J.D., Mennella A., Migliaccio M., Molinari D., Moneti A., Montier L., Morgante G., Moss A., Natoli P., Pagano L., Paoletti D., Perrotta F., Pettorino V., Piacentini F., Polenta G., Rachen J.P., Reinecke M., Remazeilles M., Renzi A., Roha G., Roset C., Rubino-Martin J.A., Ruiz-Granados B., Salvati L., Savelainen M., Scott D., Sirignano C., Sirri G., Spencer L.D., Sullivan R.M., Sunyaev R., Suur-Uski A.-S., Tauber J.A., Tavagnacco D., Tenti M., Toffolatti L., Tomasi M., Trombetti T., Valiviita J., Van Tent B., Vielva P., Villa F., Vittorio N., Wehus I.K., Zacchei A., Zonca A., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), and European Commission

Subjects
POINT SOURCES, Astronomy, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Reference system, Cosmic background radiation, Cosmology: observation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, MICROWAVE, observations [Cosmology], Anisotropy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, relativistic processes, Physics, Relativistic processes, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 3. Good health, Modulation, astro-ph.CO, symbols, Cosmic background radiation, Cosmology: observations, Reference systems, Relativistic processes, Noise (radio), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Relativistic processe, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Reference systems, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, NO, symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, reference systems, Planck, ANISOTROPY, SPECTRUM, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, PE9_14, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Cosmology: observations, Rest frame, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Dipole, Space and Planetary Science, cosmology: observations, CLUSTERS, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Bispectrum
Abstract

Planck Collaboration: et al., The largest temperature anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is the dipole, which has been measured with increasing accuracy for more than three decades, particularly with the Planck satellite. The simplest interpretation of the dipole is that it is due to our motion with respect to the rest frame of the CMB. Since current CMB experiments infer temperature anisotropies from angular intensity variations, the dipole modulates the temperature anisotropies with the same frequency dependence as the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect. We present the first, and significant, detection of this signal in the tSZ maps and find that it is consistent with direct measurements of the CMB dipole, as expected. The signal contributes power in the tSZ maps, which is modulated in a quadrupolar pattern, and we estimate its contribution to the tSZ bispectrum, noting that it contributes negligible noise to the bispectrum at relevant scales., The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, JA, and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and ERC and PRACE (EU).

Published
2020
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8. Quantification of multi-scale links of anthropogenic pressures with PAH and PCB bioavailable contamination in French freshwaters

Author

Noëlle Sarkis, André Chandesris, Bertrand Villeneuve, Jérémy Piffady, Martial Ferréol, Laurent Valette, Chloé Meymy, Yves Souchon, Olivier Geffard, Rémi Recoura-Massaquant, Arnaud Chaumot, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX)

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Urban density, Fresh Water, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 11. Sustainability, Biomonitoring, Organic matter, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, Nonpoint source pollution, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, Civil and Structural Engineering, chemistry.chemical_classification, Pollutant, PCB, Stressors, Ecological Modeling, Aquatic ecosystem, Active biomonitoring, Point sources, Sediment, PAH, 15. Life on land, Contamination, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pollution, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Nonpoint sources, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

International audience; Aquatic ecosystems are exposed to multiple environmental pressures including chemical contamination. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) known as preoccupying substances for the environment. Active biomonitoring (ABM) is a surveillance method for polluted aquatic ecosystems measuring bioavailable contamination. In this work, the aim was to quantify the total links between environmental pressures and bioavailable contamination (for PAHs and PCBs) at the French national scale. Based on 245 sites experimented by ABM from 2017 to 2019, environmental pressures (anthropogenic pressures and environmental parameters) were defined (point source landfill density, point source urban density, point source industry density, point source road density, nonpoint source industry density, nonpoint source road density, nonpoint source urban density, nutrients and organic matter, slope, dams, straightness, coarse sediment, summer precipitation, hydrographic network density and watershed size) and characterized by one or a combination of measures called stressor indicators. The links between environmental pressures and bioavailable POPs contamination (ABM measure) at a large spatial scale were defined and quantified via structural equation modeling. Point source urban density, nutrients and organic matter, summer precipitation, straightness and point source industry density are correlated positively with PAH bioavailable contamination. In contrast, nonpoint source urban density, nonpoint source industry density, nonpoint source road density and watershed size are positively correlated with PCB bioavailable contamination. The dominant pressures linked to PAHs and PCBs were different, respectively local and large-scale pressures were linked to PAH bioavailable contamination, and only large-scale pressures were linked to PCB bioavailable contamination.

Published
2021

9. The Driving Forces of Point Source Wastewater Emission: Case Study of COD and NH

Author

Zhaofang, Zhang, Weijun, He, Juqin, Shen, Min, An, Xin, Gao, Dagmawi Mulugeta, Degefu, Liang, Yuan, Yang, Kong, Chengcai, Zhang, and Jin, Huang

Subjects
Biological Oxygen Demand Analysis, China, Spatial Analysis, Nitrogen, Water Pollution, point sources, Wastewater, Article, wastewater pollutant emissions, Ammonia, spatial and temporal disparities, decomposition analysis, Economic Development, LMDI, Algorithms
Abstract

Excess consumption of water resources and environmental pollution have become major challenges restricting sustainable development in China. In order to prevent the pollution of water resources, policymakers should have reliable emission reduction strategies. This paper aims to contribute new knowledge by analyzing the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of point source emission. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) emission variations in 31 provinces and municipalities of mainland China during the years 2004–2017 are analyzed. The results obtained using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method indicate that: (1) the COD and NH4-N emission effects have similar temporal characteristics. Technology improvement and pollutant emission intensity are the main factors inhibiting the incremental COD and NH4-N emission effects, while economic development is the main driving factor of COD and NH4-N emission effects. Population increases play a relatively less important role in COD and NH4-N emission effects. (2) The spatial features of COD and NH4-N emission effects show differences among provinces and municipalities. The reduction of COD emission effects in each province and municipality is obviously better than that of NH4-N emissions. (3) In the eastern, central, and the western regions of China, the total COD emission effect shows a downward trend, while apart from the central region, the NH4-N emission effect appears to be rising in the east and west of China. Therefore, increasing investment into pollution treatment, promoting awareness of water conservation, strengthening technological and financial support from the more developed eastern to the less developed central and western regions, can help to reduce the COD and NH4-N emissions in China.

Published
2019

10. Numerical Study of the Double Diffusion Natural Convection inside a Closed Cavity with Heat and Pollutant Sources Placed near the Bottom Wall

Author

Jesús Xamán, Juan M. Belman-Flores, E.V. Macias-Melo, K.M. Aguilar-Castro, and J. Serrano-Arellano

Subjects
Control and Optimization, Materials science, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, lcsh:Technology, 01 natural sciences, Sherwood number, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, 0103 physical sciences, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Diffusion (business), Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, heat and mass transfer, Double diffusive convection, turbulent flow, Molecular diffusion, Natural convection, lcsh:T, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Turbulence, point sources, Rayleigh number, Mechanics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nusselt number, numerical simulation, 0210 nano-technology, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

A study was conducted on the double diffusion by natural convection because of the effects of heat and pollutant sources placed at one third of the closed cavity’s height. The heat and pollution sources were analyzed separately and simultaneously. The study was considered for the Rayleigh number interval 10 4 ≤ R a ≤ 10 10 . Three case studies were analyzed: (1) differentially heated closed cavity with only heat sources; (2) differentially heated closed cavity with only pollutant sources; and (3) differentially heated closed cavity with heat and pollutant sources. The governing equations of the system were solved through the finite volume technique. The turbulence solution was done with the k-ε model. The dominant influence of the buoyancy forces was found due to the pollutant diffusion on the flow pattern, and an internal temperature increase was observed with the simple diffusion. The most critical case was obtained through the double diffusive convection with an average temperature value of 32.57 °C. Finally, the Nusselt number increased as the Rayleigh number increased; however, the Sherwood number either increased or decreased when the Rayleigh number increased. The highest mean concentration recorded was 2808 ppm; this was found with the value R a = 10 6 .

Published
2020

11. Characterisation of treated effluent from four commonly employed wastewater treatment facilities: A UK case study

Author

Penny J Johnes, Christopher A. Yates, and Robert G. M. Spencer

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, 0208 environmental biotechnology, Population, Septic tank, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Wastewater, 01 natural sciences, Sewerage, Organic matter, Dissolved organic matter, education, Waste Management and Disposal, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, chemistry.chemical_classification, education.field_of_study, Environmental engineering, Point sources, General Medicine, Nutrients, 020801 environmental engineering, Water quality, chemistry, Environmental science, Sewage treatment
Abstract

Sewage treatment systems are a common feature across the landscape of the United Kingdom, serving an estimated 96% of the population and discharging approximately eleven billion litres of treated wastewater daily. While large treatment facilities are ubiquitous across the landscape, they are not the only method employed in domestic wastewater treatment. This study investigates whether differences in nutrient export (carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus) and organic matter composition (determined by optical indices, SUVA254, S350-400 and E2:E3) from treated effluent could be detected between four of the most common facilities employed in the treatment of wastewater across the UK. Set in the context of the River Wylye, a small headwater catchment, treatment facilities studied included; a septic tank system, small packet treatment works, and two large sewage treatment works, one of which employed phosphorus stripping for phosphorus removal. Inorganic N and P concentrations ranged between 7.51 and 42.4 mg N l−1 and 0.22 and 8.9 mg P l−1 respectively, with DOC concentrations ranging between 1.63 and 11.8 mg C l−1. Optical indices were comparable to those observed in catchments where organic matter is dominated by autochthonous production, suggesting the dominance of low molecular weight material when compared to values observed across temperate aquatic systems. Combining data from both the Environment Agency and Ordinance Survey we estimate that only 15% of domestic properties not connected to mains sewerage in the study catchment have an Environment Agency consent/exemption permit. This calculation suggests that the quantity of small point sources are significantly underestimated, undermining efforts under current legislation to improve stream ecosystem health.

Published
2018

12. Searches for small-scale anisotropies from neutrino point sources with three years of IceCube data

Author

H.-P. Bretz, Frank McNally, Jenni Adams, P. B. Price, M. Stamatikos, S. Schoenen, T. O. B. Schmidt, N. Milke, George Japaridze, Thorsten Glusenkamp, T. R. Wood, Kurt Woschnagg, Paul Evenson, K. Hoshina, W. Huelsnitz, S. Hickford, Glenn Spiczak, K. Helbing, R. G. Stokstad, J. C. Groh, C. Pérez de los Heros, Dmitry Chirkin, Matthias Vraeghe, P. O. Hulth, J. Eisch, A. Goldschmidt, Elisa Resconi, M. Schmitz, K. Jero, Matthias Wolf, Alexander Kappes, Björn Eichmann, U. Naumann, Mohamed Rameez, A. Bernhard, E. Unger, B. Ruzybayev, Anatoli Fedynitch, A. Koob, Timo Karg, J.-H. Köhne, H. Wissing, A. O'Murchadha, M. Wellons, Dariusz Gora, L. Schulte, M. Kroll, B. J. Whelan, K. D. de Vries, M. Day, A. Tepe, T. Feusels, R. Maunu, S. Hussain, O. Jlelati, R. Ström, Daniel Bindig, J. C. Gallagher, M. Leuermann, S. Zierke, A. Omairat, F. Bos, Allan Hallgren, M. Relich, D. J. Koskinen, K. Clark, M. Kowalski, Sandro Kopper, T. Kuwabara, J. E. Jacobsen, S. Tilav, P. Hallen, Marcos Santander, Joshua Pepper, A. Tamburro, K. Hultqvist, R. Nahnhauer, E. A. Strahler, M. Danninger, Darren Grant, K. Wiebe, R. Gaior, N. van Eijndhoven, M. Vehring, D. F. Cowen, C. Ha, E. Middell, Elisa Bernardini, Sarah Nowicki, D. Berley, G. C. Hill, L. Gerhardt, L. Mohrmann, J. Felde, Benedikt Riedel, A. Stasik, Maria Tselengidou, Ö. Penek, S. Schöneberg, X. Bai, A. Haj Ismail, Carsten Rott, Hermann Kolanoski, L. Rädel, Thomas Meures, Todor Stanev, Dawn Williams, C. Wendt, K. Rawlins, L. Gladstone, Dirk Heinen, J. L. Kelley, Markus Ahlers, K.-H. Becker, M. Usner, N. L. Strotjohann, D. Seckel, S. Miarecki, E. Middlemas, G. Kroll, M. Bissok, Matt Dunkman, Tyce DeYoung, J. Kiryluk, I. Rees, T. Fischer-Wasels, R. Hoffmann, A. R. Fazely, Gerald Przybylski, P. A. Toale, A. Schukraft, J. Pütz, James Madsen, M. Zoll, Martin Rongen, J. van Santen, J. A. Goodman, E. Pinat, D. T. Larsen, J. J. Beatty, E. Cheung, M. J. Larson, Xianwu Xu, Sofia Vallecorsa, M. Quinnan, C. Walck, R. Eagan, Samvel Ter-Antonyan, A. Kriesten, Dirk Ryckbosch, D. Hellwig, D. R. Nygren, S. Euler, C. Pfendner, Mike Richman, D. Z. Besson, K. Krings, J. P. A. M. de André, A. Homeier, Donglian Xu, A. Terliuk, S. Westerhoff, Ch. Weaver, Christopher Wiebusch, Hans Niederhausen, C. Bohm, Thomas K. Gaisser, G. B. Yodh, M. N. Tobin, Kael Hanson, Nathan Whitehorn, Naoko Kurahashi, O. Schulz, J. Auffenberg, A. Olivas, J. Daughhetee, Gary Binder, Teresa Montaruli, A. Obertacke, A. Franckowiak, Axel Groß, Christian Spiering, K. Frantzen, K. Mase, S. Odrowski, J. Blumenthal, Javier Gonzalez, Subir Sarkar, J. Casey, Chad Finley, J. Posselt, Justin Vandenbroucke, J. Ziemann, P. Gretskov, C. Haack, A. Christov, Giorgio Maggi, C. De Clercq, F. Huang, S. Böser, M. Wallraff, M. Voge, Dennis Soldin, Joakim Sandroos, F. Clevermann, H. Taavola, Paolo Desiati, René Reimann, Y. Sestayo, Olga Botner, Markus Ackermann, S. W. Barwick, L. Classen, Carlos Arguelles, H. G. Sander, E. Blaufuss, D. J. Boersma, J. C. Davis, J. Becker Tjus, V. Baum, J. P. Yanez, G. Tešić, A. Stößl, J. P. Rodrigues, M. W. E. Smith, T. C. Arlen, T. Stezelberger, S. M. Saba, G. W. Sullivan, R. Hellauer, K. Jagielski, Reina H. Maruyama, B. Kaminsky, R. Morse, M. Jurkovic, L. Brayeur, S. Yoshida, Sally Robertson, Tim Ruhe, E. Jacobi, I. Taboada, Dustin Hebecker, S. Flis, M. Casier, J. Lünemann, S. De Ridder, K. Schatto, G. Kohnen, Rezo Shanidze, Juan Carlos Diaz-Velez, M. Labare, J. Feintzeig, Maryon Ahrens, M. Medici, C. Kopper, G. Golup, S. Coenders, Surujhdeo Seunarine, J. Miller, Juanan Aguilar, B. Christy, A. Ishihara, J. Leute, Larissa Paul, F. Scheriau, H. S. Matis, Albrecht Karle, A. Schönwald, Francis Halzen, P. Zarzhitsky, O. Fadiran, D. Altmann, K. Meagher, D. Heereman, M. Kauer, D. Gier, D. Bose, T. Palczewski, C. Wichary, B. Eberhardt, Delia Tosi, M. G. Aartsen, Segev BenZvi, Spencer Klein, Kara Hoffman, A. H. Cruz Silva, Wolfgang Rhode, A. Meli, N. A. Stanisha, T. Anderson, M. Lesiak-Bzdak, P. Redl, Kirill Filimonov, P. Berghaus, J. Kläs, J. Kunnen, Damian Pieloth, Ali Kheirandish, A. M. Brown, T. Fuchs, L. Köpke, Physics, and Elementary Particle Physics

Subjects
J.2, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Scale (descriptive set theory), Astrophysics, IceCube, law.invention, Telescope, law, Point (geometry), Anisotropy, astro-ph.HE, 2pt-correlation, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Astrophysical neutrinos, Extraterrestrial neutrinos, Multipole analysis, Point sources, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 3. Good health, 85-05, ddc:540, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Neutrino, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Multipole expansion, Gamma-ray burst
Abstract

Recently, IceCube found evidence for a diffuse signal of astrophysical neutrinos in an energy range of $60\,\mathrm{TeV}$ to the $\mathrm{PeV}$-scale. The origin of those events, being a key to understanding the origin of cosmic rays, is still an unsolved question. So far, analyses have not succeeded to resolve the diffuse signal into point-like sources. Searches including a maximum-likelihood-ratio test, based on the reconstructed directions and energies of the detected down- and up-going neutrino candidates, were also performed on IceCube data leading to the exclusion of bright point sources. In this paper, we present two methods to search for faint neutrino point sources in three years of IceCube data, taken between 2008 and 2011. The first method is an autocorrelation test, applied separately to the northern and southern sky. The second method is a multipole analysis, which expands the measured data in the northern hemisphere into spherical harmonics and uses the resulting expansion coefficients to separate signal from background. With both methods, the results are consistent with the background expectation with a slightly more sparse spatial distribution, corresponding to an underfluctuation. Depending on the assumed number of sources, the resulting upper limit on the flux per source in the northern hemisphere for an $E^{-2}$ energy spectrum ranges from $1.5 \cdot 10^{-8}\,\mathrm{GeV}/(\mathrm{cm}^2 \mathrm{s})$, in the case of one assumed source, to $4 \cdot 10^{-10} \,\mathrm{GeV}/(\mathrm{cm}^2 \mathrm{s})$, in the case of $3500$ assumed sources., Comment: 35 pages, 16 figures, 1 table

Published
2015

13. The Driving Forces of Point Source Wastewater Emission: Case Study of COD and NH4-N Discharges in Mainland China

Author

Zhaofang Zhang, Chengcai Zhang, Juqin Shen, Weijun He, Yang Kong, Xin Gao, Liang Yuan, Min An, Jin Huang, and Dagmawi Mulugeta Degefu

Subjects
Pollution, Mainland China, 020209 energy, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, lcsh:Medicine, Environmental pollution, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, wastewater pollutant emissions, Water conservation, spatial and temporal disparities, Environmental protection, decomposition analysis, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, education.field_of_study, lcsh:R, Chemical oxygen demand, point sources, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Emission intensity, Water resources, Environmental science, LMDI
Abstract

Excess consumption of water resources and environmental pollution have become major challenges restricting sustainable development in China. In order to prevent the pollution of water resources, policymakers should have reliable emission reduction strategies. This paper aims to contribute new knowledge by analyzing the spatial-temporal characteristics and driving forces of point source emission. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N) emission variations in 31 provinces and municipalities of mainland China during the years 2004&ndash, 2017 are analyzed. The results obtained using the logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) method indicate that: (1) the COD and NH4-N emission effects have similar temporal characteristics. Technology improvement and pollutant emission intensity are the main factors inhibiting the incremental COD and NH4-N emission effects, while economic development is the main driving factor of COD and NH4-N emission effects. Population increases play a relatively less important role in COD and NH4-N emission effects. (2) The spatial features of COD and NH4-N emission effects show differences among provinces and municipalities. The reduction of COD emission effects in each province and municipality is obviously better than that of NH4-N emissions. (3) In the eastern, central, and the western regions of China, the total COD emission effect shows a downward trend, while apart from the central region, the NH4-N emission effect appears to be rising in the east and west of China. Therefore, increasing investment into pollution treatment, promoting awareness of water conservation, strengthening technological and financial support from the more developed eastern to the less developed central and western regions, can help to reduce the COD and NH4-N emissions in China.

Published
2019

14. Pollution menacing Lake Victoria: Quantification of point sources around Jinja Town, Uganda

Author

Hannington W. Oguttu, Fred Bugenyi, Heinz Leuenberger, Markus Wolf, and Reinhard Bachofen

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Pollution, media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Wetland, Lake Victoria, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 12. Responsible consumption, Industrial wastewater treatment, 11. Sustainability, industrial pollution, point sources, heavy metals, potential loads, hot spots, Lake Victoria, on-site pretreatment, heavy metals, education, Waste Management and Disposal, Effluent, on-site pretreatment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, education.field_of_study, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, business.industry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, point sources, Environmental engineering, industrial pollution, 6. Clean water, hot spots, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, Agriculture, Environmental science, business, Eutrophication, potential loads
Abstract

Lake Victoria is Africa’s largest tropical freshwater lake, important as a source of drinking water and as a source of food for the population in the surrounding region. Due to increased human activities in agriculture and industry during the past decades a continuously increasing inflow of agricultural runoff has been observed, and lately there have also been increased discharges of municipal effluents and industrial wastewater into Lake Victoria. This paper summarises the results of a one-year (1997 to 1998) environmental and ecological study of industrial wastewater point sources in the Jinja (Uganda) catchment area. Main industries concern food processing, textile, leather and paper production and metallurgy. One fish- filleting factory showed the highest annual nutrient loads with 0.13 t NO3-N, 0.20 t NH4-N and 0.77 t PO4-P, while another disposed of annual loads that amounted to 0.10 t NH4-N and 0.49 t PO4-P. From food-processing industries, the highest annual load of organic matter (COD) discharged to the lake amounted to 36.8 t. A tannery in Jinja released effluent with an extremely high mean concentration of the very toxic chromium+6 of 264 mg·ℓ-1, which results in an estimated annual load of 2.2 t of Cr+6. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus from fish-filleting industries and chromium+6 from the tannery were far above the allowed effluent limits in Uganda, leading to enhanced eutrophication and bioaccumulation of Cr+6 in Napoleon Gulf, Lake Victoria. The study provides information on point sources of effluent derived from Jinja’s industrial sector in an effort to force resource users to move towards a more sustainable pattern of environmental management. The most appropriate way to reduce the ongoing eutrophication and pollution of Lake Victoria would be to reduce the releases of nitrogen, phosphorus, organic compounds and chromium into Napoleon Gulf by on-site pretreatment, so that they remain within non-critical levels. Industries must be required to monitor their effluents before these are discharged into Kirinya National Water and Sewerage Corporation oxidation ponds and finally into Kirinya West urban wetlands.Keywords: industrial pollution, point sources, heavy metals, potential loads, hot spots, Lake Victoria, on-site pretreatment

Published
2018

15. Odor Sampling: Techniques and Strategies for the Estimation of Odor Emission Rates from Different Source Types

Author

Laura Capelli, Selena Sironi, and Renato Del Rosso

Subjects
odor emission rate, odor concentration, wind tunnel, Source type, Review, lcsh:Chemical technology, Biochemistry, Specimen Handling, Analytical Chemistry, Environmental monitoring, Humans, lcsh:TP1-1185, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Odor source, Process engineering, Instrumentation, Chemistry, business.industry, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, point sources, Environmental engineering, Sampling (statistics), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Social Control, Formal, surface sources, Odor, Odorants, business, psychological phenomena and processes, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Sampling is one of the main issues pertaining to odor characterization and measurement. The aim of sampling is to obtain representative information on the typical characteristics of an odor source by means of the collection of a suitable volume fraction of the effluent. The most important information about an emission source for odor impact assessment is the so-called Odor Emission Rate (OER), which represents the quantity of odor emitted per unit of time, and is expressed in odor units per second (ou∙s−1). This paper reviews the different odor sampling strategies adopted depending on source type. The review includes an overview of odor sampling regulations and a detailed discussion of the equipment to be used as well as the mathematical considerations to be applied to obtain the OER in relation to the sampled source typology.

Published
2013

16. Search for sources of High-Energy neutrons with four years of data from the Icetop Detector

Author

IceCube Collaboration, Aartsen, M. G., Abraham, K., Ackermann, M., Adams, J., Aguilar, J. A., Ahlers, M., Ahrens, M., Altmann, D., Andeen, K., Anderson, T., Ansseau, I., Anton, G., Archinger, M., Arg��elles, C., Auffenberg, J., Axani, S., Bai, X., Barwick, S. W., Baum, V., Bay, R., Beatty, J. J., Tjus, J. Becker, Becker, K. -H., BenZvi, S., Berghaus, P., Berley, D., Bernardini, E., Bernhard, A., Besson, D. Z., Binder, G., Bindig, D., Bissok, M., Blaufuss, E., Blot, S., Bohm, C., B��rner, M., Bos, F., Bose, D., B��ser, S., Botner, O., Braun, J., Brayeur, L., Bretz, H. -P., Burgman, A., Carver, T., Casier, M., Cheung, E., Chirkin, D., Christov, A., Clark, K., Classen, L., Coenders, S., Collin, G. H., Conrad, J. M., Cowen, D. F., Cross, R., Day, M., de Andr��, J. P. A. M., De Clercq, C., Rosendo, E. del Pino, Dembinski, H., De Ridder, S., Desiati, P., de Vries, K. D., de Wasseige, G., de With, M., DeYoung, T., D��az-V��lez, J. C., di Lorenzo, V., Dujmovic, H., Dumm, J. P., Dunkman, M., Eberhardt, B., Ehrhardt, T., Eichmann, B., Eller, P., Euler, S., Evenson, P. A., Fahey, S., Fazely, A. R., Feintzeig, J., Felde, J., Filimonov, K., Finley, C., Flis, S., F��sig, C. -C., Franckowiak, A., Friedman, E., Fuchs, T., Gaisser, T. K., Gallagher, J., Gerhardt, L., Ghorbani, K., Giang, W., Gladstone, L., Glagla, M., Gl��senkamp, T., Goldschmidt, A., Golup, G., Gonzalez, J. G., Grant, D., Griffith, Z., Haack, C., Ismail, A. Haj, Hallgren, A., Halzen, F., Hansen, E., Hansmann, B., Hansmann, T., Hanson, K., Hebecker, D., Heereman, D., Helbing, K., Hellauer, R., Hickford, S., Hignight, J., Hill, G. C., Hoffman, K. D., Hoffmann, R., Holzapfel, K., Hoshina, K., Huang, F., Huber, M., Hultqvist, K., In, S., Ishihara, A., Jacobi, E., Japaridze, G. S., Jeong, M., Jero, K., Jones, B. J. P., Jurkovic, M., Kappes, A., Karg, T., Karle, A., Katz, U., Kauer, M., Keivani, A., Kelley, J. L., Kemp, J., Kheirandish, A., Kim, M., Kintscher, T., Kiryluk, J., Kittler, T., Klein, S. R., Kohnen, G., Koirala, R., Kolanoski, H., Konietz, R., K��pke, L., Kopper, C., Kopper, S., Koskinen, D. J., Kowalski, M., Krings, K., Kroll, M., Kr��ckl, G., Kr��ger, C., Kunnen, J., Kunwar, S., Kurahashi, N., Kuwabara, T., Labare, M., Lanfranchi, J. L., Larson, M. J., Lauber, F., Lennarz, D., Lesiak-Bzdak, M., Leuermann, M., Leuner, J., Lu, L., L��nemann, J., Madsen, J., Maggi, G., Mahn, K. B. M., Mancina, S., Mandelartz, M., Maruyama, R., Mase, K., Maunu, R., McNally, F., Meagher, K., Medici, M., Meier, M., Meli, A., Menne, T., Merino, G., Meures, T., Miarecki, S., Mohrmann, L., Montaruli, T., Moulai, M., Nahnhauer, R., Naumann, U., Neer, G., Niederhausen, H., Nowicki, S. C., Nygren, D. R., Pollmann, A. Obertacke, Olivas, A., O'Murchadha, A., Palczewski, T., Pandya, H., Pankova, D. V., Penek, ��., Pepper, J. A., Heros, C. P��rez de los, Pieloth, D., Pinat, E., Price, P. B., Przybylski, G. T., Quinnan, M., Raab, C., R��del, L., Rameez, M., Rawlins, K., Reimann, R., Relethford, B., Relich, M., Resconi, E., Rhode, W., Richman, M., Riedel, B., Robertson, S., Rongen, M., Rott, C., Ruhe, T., Ryckbosch, D., Rysewyk, D., Sabbatini, L., Herrera, S. E. Sanchez, Sandrock, A., Sandroos, J., Sarkar, S., Satalecka, K., Schimp, M., Schlunder, P., Schmidt, T., Schoenen, S., Sch��neberg, S., Schumacher, L., Seckel, D., Seunarine, S., Soldin, D., Song, M., Spiczak, G. M., Spiering, C., Stahlberg, M., Stanev, T., Stasik, A., Steuer, A., Stezelberger, T., Stokstad, R. G., St����l, A., Str��m, R., Strotjohann, N. L., Sullivan, G. W., Sutherland, M., Taavola, H., Taboada, I., Tatar, J., Tenholt, F., Ter-Antonyan, S., Terliuk, A., Te��i��, G., Tilav, S., Toale, P. A., Tobin, M. N., Toscano, S., Tosi, D., Tselengidou, M., Turcati, A., Unger, E., Usner, M., Vandenbroucke, J., van Eijndhoven, N., Vanheule, S., van Rossem, M., van Santen, J., Veenkamp, J., Vehring, M., Voge, M., Vraeghe, M., Walck, C., Wallace, A., Wallraff, M., Wandkowsky, N., Weaver, Ch., Weiss, M. J., Wendt, C., Westerhoff, S., Whelan, B. J., Wickmann, S., Wiebe, K., Wiebusch, C. H., Wille, L., Williams, D. R., Wills, L., Wolf, M., Wood, T. R., Woolsey, E., Woschnagg, K., Xu, D. L., Xu, X. W., Xu, Y., Yanez, J. P., Yodh, G., Yoshida, S., Zoll, M., Physics, Elementary Particle Physics, and Faculty of Sciences and Bioengineering Sciences

Subjects
POINT SOURCES, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, EEV NEUTRONS, FOS: Physical sciences, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Declination, ICECUBE, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), cosmic rays, Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], ARRIVAL DIRECTIONS, Neutron, astroparticle physics, methods: data analysis, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, GAMMA-RAYS, Solid angle, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, ASTRONOMY, NEUTRINOS, Air shower, Physics and Astronomy, 13. Climate action, COSMIC-RAY ANISOTROPY, TEV, ddc:520, Neutron source, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Energy (signal processing), GALACTIC-CENTER
Abstract

IceTop is an air shower array located on the Antarctic ice sheet at the geographic South Pole. IceTop can detect an astrophysical flux of neutrons from Galactic sources as an excess of cosmic ray air showers arriving from the source direction. Neutrons are undeflected by the Galactic magnetic field and can typically travel 10 ($E$ / PeV) pc before decay. Two searches are performed using 4 years of the IceTop dataset to look for a statistically significant excess of events with energies above 10 PeV ($10^{16}$ eV) arriving within a small solid angle. The all-sky search method covers from -90$^{\circ}$ to approximately -50$^{\circ}$ in declination. No significant excess is found. A targeted search is also performed, looking for significant correlation with candidate sources in different target sets. This search uses a higher energy cut (100 PeV) since most target objects lie beyond 1 kpc. The target sets include pulsars with confirmed TeV energy photon fluxes and high-mass X-ray binaries. No significant correlation is found for any target set. Flux upper limits are determined for both searches, which can constrain Galactic neutron sources and production scenarios., Comment: 12 pages, 9 figures, 9 tables

Published
2016

17. Exploring Cosmic Origins with CORE: Extragalactic sources in Cosmic Microwave Background maps

Author

Zotti, G. De, González-Nuevo, J., Lopez-Caniego, M., Negrello, M., Greenslade, J., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Delabrouille, J., Cai, Z. -Y., Bonato, M., Achúcarro, A., Ade, P., Allison, R., Ashdown, M., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Banerji, R., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Bersanelli, M., Biesiada, M., Bilicki, M., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, F., Brinckmann, T., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Buzzelli, A., Calvo, M., Carvalho, C. S., Castellano, M. G., Challinor, A., Chluba, J., Clements, D. L., Clesse, S., Colafrancesco, S., Colantoni, I., Coppolecchia, A., Crook, M., D'Alessandro, G., De Bernardis, P., De Gasperis, G., Diego, J. M., Valentino, E. Di, Errard, J., Feeney, S. M., Fernández-Cobos, R., Ferraro, S., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Galli, S., Génova-Santos, R. T., Gerbino, M., Grandis, S., Hagstotz, S., Hanany, S., Handley, W., Hervias-Caimapo, C., Hills, M., Hivon, E., Kiiveri, K., Kisner, T., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamagna, L., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Brun, A. Le, Lesgourgues, J., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lindholm, V., Luzzi, G., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Martins, C. J. A. P., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Mccarthy, D., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B., Molinari, D., Monfardini, A., Natoli, P., Notari, A., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Partridge, R. B., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Pisano, G., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Pollo, A., Poulin, V., Quartin, M., Remazeilles, M., Roman, M., Rossi, G., Roukema, B. F., Rubiño-Martín, J. -A., Salvati, L., Scott, D., Serjeant, S., Tartari, A., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trappe, N., Triqueneaux, S., Trombetti, T., Tucci, M., Tucker, C., Väliviita, J., De Weygaert, R. Van, Tent, B. Van, Vennin, V., Vielva, P., Vittorio, N., Young, K., Zannoni, M., D'Alessandro, Giuseppe, AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie ( IRAP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées ( OMP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris ( IAP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale ( IAS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Néel ( NEEL ), Université Grenoble Alpes [Saint Martin d'Hères]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Lagrange de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies ( LPNHE ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille ( LAM ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales ( CNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire AIM, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre d'Etudes de Saclay, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) ( DPP ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique ( LAPTH ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] ( LPT ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CORE, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Cryogénie (NEEL - Cryo), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille (LAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zotti, G, González-Nuevo, J, Lopez-Caniego, M, Negrello, M, Greenslade, J, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Delabrouille, J, Cai, Z, Bonato, M, Achúcarro, A, Ade, P, Allison, R, Ashdown, M, Ballardini, M, Banday, A, Banerji, R, Bartlett, J, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Bersanelli, M, Biesiada, M, Bilicki, M, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Brinckmann, T, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Buzzelli, A, Calvo, M, Carvalho, C, Castellano, M, Challinor, A, Chluba, J, Clements, D, Clesse, S, Colafrancesco, S, Colantoni, I, Coppolecchia, A, Crook, M, D'Alessandro, G, de Bernardis, P, de Gasperis, G, Diego, J, Valentino, E, Errard, J, Feeney, S, Fernández-Cobos, R, Ferraro, S, Finelli, F, Forastieri, F, Galli, S, Génova-Santos, R, Gerbino, M, Grandis, S, Hagstotz, S, Hanany, S, Handley, W, Hervias-Caimapo, C, Hills, M, Hivon, E, Kiiveri, K, Kisner, T, Kitching, T, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lamagna, L, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Brun, A, Lesgourgues, J, Lewis, A, Liguori, M, Lindholm, V, Luzzi, G, Maffei, B, Mandolesi, N, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Martins, C, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mccarthy, D, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Molinari, D, Monfardini, A, Natoli, P, Notari, A, Paiella, A, Paoletti, D, Partridge, R, Patanchon, G, Piat, M, Pisano, G, Polastri, L, Polenta, G, Pollo, A, Poulin, V, Quartin, M, Remazeilles, M, Roman, M, Rossi, G, Roukema, B, Rubiño-Martín, J, Salvati, L, Scott, D, Serjeant, S, Tartari, A, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Trappe, N, Triqueneaux, S, Trombetti, T, Tucci, M, Tucker, C, Väliviita, J, de Weygaert, R, Tent, B, Vennin, V, Vielva, P, Vittorio, N, Young, K, Zannoni, M, Astronomy, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Helsinki Institute of Physics, and Department of Physics

Subjects
LENSED GALAXIES, Brightness, POLARIZATION, active galactic nuclei, CMBR experiments, galaxy evolution, galaxy surveys, POINT SOURCES, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Cosmic microwave background, galaxy evolution, Astrophysics, CMB, 01 natural sciences, Physics, Particles & Fields, law.invention, law, CMBR experiments, galaxy surveys, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QC, QB, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, Nuclear & Particles Physics, PLANCK, COMPACT SOURCE CATALOG, ALL-SKY SURVEY, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, symbols, GALAXY FORMATION, CMBR experiment, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, RADIO-SOURCES, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), galaxy survey, astro-ph.GA, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, NO, Telescope, symbols.namesake, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle And Plasma Physics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, active galactic nuclei, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, HERSCHEL, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, HERSCHEL-ATLAS, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Galaxy, Redshift, EVOLUTION, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), SKY, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Work supported in part by ASI/INAF agreement n. 2014-024-R.1 and by PRIN–INAF 2014 “Probing the AGN/galaxy co-evolution through ultra-deep and ultra-high resolution radio surveys”. JGN acknowledges financial support from the Spanish MINECO for a “Ramon y Cajal” fellowship (RYC-2013-13256) and the I+D 2015 project AYA2015-65887-P (MINECO/FEDER). CH-M acknowledges the financial support of the Spanish MINECO through I+D project AYA-2015-66211-C2-2-P. MB is supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, NWO, through grant number 614.001.451, and by the Polish National Science Centre under contract UMO-2012/07/D/ST9/02785. CJM is supported by an FCT Research Professorship, contract reference IF/00064/2012, funded by FCT/MCTES (Portugal) and POPH/FSE (EC). GR acknowledges support from the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) through NRF-SGER 2014055950 funded by the Korean Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MoEST), and from the faculty research fund of Sejong University in 2016., Zotti, G.D., González-Nuevo, J., Lopez-Caniego, M., Negrello, M., Greenslade, J., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Delabrouille, J., Cai, Z.-Y., Bonato, M., Achúcarro, A., Ade, P., Allison, R., Ashdown, M., Ballardini, M., Banday, A.J., Banerji, R., Bartlett, J.G., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Bersanelli, M., Biesiada, M., Bilicki, M., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, F., Brinckmann, T., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Buzzelli, A., Calvo, M., Carvalho, C.S., Castellano, M.G., Challinor, A., Chluba, J., Clements, D.L., Clesse, S., Colafrancesco, S., Colantoni, I., Coppolecchia, A., Crook, M., D'Alessandro, G., De Bernardis, P., De Gasperis, G., Diego, J.M., Valentino, E.D., Errard, J., Feeney, S.M., Fernández-Cobos, R., Ferraro, S., Finelli, F., Forastieri, F., Galli, S., Génova-Santos, R.T., Gerbino, M., Grandis, S., Hagstotz, S., Hanany, S., Handley, W., Hervias-Caimapo, C., Hills, M., Hivon, E., Kiiveri, K., Kisner, T., Kitching, T., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lamagna, L., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Brun, A.L., Lesgourgues, J., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lindholm, V., Luzzi, G., Maffei, B., Mandolesi, N., Martinez-Gonzalez, E., Martins, C.J.A.P., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., McCarthy, D., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J.-B., Molinari, D., Monfardini, A., Natoli, P., Notari, A., Paiella, A., Paoletti, D., Partridge, R.B., Patanchon, G., Piat, M., Pisano, G., Polastri, L., Polenta, G., Pollo, A., Poulin, V., Quartin, M., Remazeilles, M., Roman, M., Rossi, G., Roukema, B.F., Rubiño-Martín, J.-A., Salvati, L., Scott, D., Serjeant, S., Tartari, A., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Trappe, N., Triqueneaux, S., Trombetti, T., Tucci, M., Tucker, C., Väliviita, J., De Weygaert, R.V., Tent, B.V., Vennin, V., Vielva, P., Vittorio, N., Young, K., Zannoni, M.

Published
2016
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18. POPEYE: A river-load oriented model to evaluate the efficiency of environmental policy measures for reducing phosphorus losses

Author

Dominique Trevisan, Jean Marcel Dorioz, Philippe Quetin, Denis Barbet, Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])

Subjects
Pollution, Watershed, POINT SOURCES, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, 0207 environmental engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, BASIN-SCALE, Tributary, PHOSPHATE, 020701 environmental engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Water Science and Technology, media_common, SUSPENDED SEDIMENT, Hydrology, BED-SEDIMENTS, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Diffuse sources, NUTRIENT FLUXES, Phosphorus, Sediment, Eutrophication, 15. Life on land, TRANSPORT, 6. Clean water, CATCHMENTS, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Sewage treatment, Catchment area, EXPORT DYNAMICS, NONLINEAR LEAST-SQUARES
Abstract

International audience; Watershed losses of phosphorus (P) have been a topic of concern for water resource managers over recent decades. To evaluate environmental policies or before implementing mitigation options at the watershed (catchment area) scale, stakeholders often need to analyze the patterns of point and diffuse sources of phosphorus. This information is often not easy to obtain in field conditions. Several statistical modeling approaches have been developed in recent years to respond to this basic operational demand. Point and diffuse sources are often evaluated from power functions established between phosphorus concentration and water discharge. Such models do not explicitly account for in-stream processes which control P concentrations in the hydrographic network and differentiate the P export dynamics of the various forms and inputs of P. To identify the phosphorus sources and evaluate their change in response to environmental policies, we developed a simple and loaded-oriented model (POPEYE - PhOsPhorus, Evaluation of the efficiencY of Environmental policy measures) that computes retention, settling and re-suspension rates of fine and coarse P fractions and their relation to P concentration of bed sediments. The model is calibrated to a long-term database (25 years), and describes the weekly water and chemical fluxes of a tributary of Lac Leman (Lake Geneva, Venoge river watershed, 240 km(2)). It adequately predicts observed values of fine and particulate phosphorus and reflects the gradual decrease of point and diffuse inputs over the studied period due to agricultural and sewage treatment policies implemented for the control of lake pollution. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2012

19. Experimental and Computational Investigation of Two Phase Gas−liquid Flows: Point Source Injection at the Center

Author

B. Ashraf Ali and S. Pushpavanam

Subjects
Turbulence, Chemistry, General Chemical Engineering, Bubble, 2D simulations, 3-D measurement, 3D simulations, Bubble plumes, Bubble size, Computational investigation, Continuous phase, Dispersed phase, Euler-Lagrangian, Gas bubble, Gas liquid flows, Liquid Phase, Liquid velocities, Numerical investigations, Oscillating behavior, Particle image velocimetries, Point sources, Temporal prediction, Transient velocity, Turbulent viscosity, Two phase, Two-fluid, Gases, Reynolds number, Three dimensional, Three dimensional computer graphics, Turbulence models, Two phase flow, Velocity, Velocity measurement, Water treatment, Liquids, Flow (psychology), Thermodynamics, General Chemistry, Mechanics, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, symbols.namesake, Particle image velocimetry, Phase (matter), Fluent, symbols, Two-phase flow
Abstract

In this work, an experimental and numerical investigation of hydrodynamics in a liquid induced by a bubble plume is carried out. The gas is introduced through a needle in the center of the tank containing water. The gas-liquid flow in such systems is inherently unsteady. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to experimentally determine the transient velocity fields in the system. For this gas-liquid flow system, both the fluctuating and mean liquid velocities were determined experimentally by 2D and 3D PIV. The system was investigated for a liquid phase Reynolds number in the range of 3.7 � 104 to 1.8 � 105 and bubble phase Reynolds number in the range from 2350 to 11 773. The behavior of the system was simulated in FLUENT 6.3.26 using a two fluid Euler-Lagrangian (EL) model with a constant bubble size of 5 mm. Here, water is treated as the continuous phase, and gas bubbles are treated as the dispersed phase. Motion of the bubbles renders the flow turbulent, and this effect is captured by the standard k-? turbulence model. The temporal prediction of the flow field is compared with experimental results obtained from 2D and 3D measurements. The predictions from the 3D simulations capture the oscillating behavior found using 3D PIV. The 2D simulations predict a significantly higher value of turbulent viscosity. This is hypothesized as the reason as to why these simulations do not capture the oscillating behavior. � 2011 American Chemical Society.

Published
2011

20. Large-scale CCS transport and storage networks in North-west and Central Europe

Author

A.J. Seebregts, T. Thielemann, Filip Neele, J. van Deurzen, Heleen Groenenberg, and Mariëlle Koenen

Subjects
GHG emission, Matching (statistics), Large-scale infrastructure, Large scale infrastructures, Process (engineering), Earth & Environment, Storage networks, Geosciences, Environment, Air pollution, Transport, Storage capacity, Hydrogeology, Storage fields, Transport engineering, Carbon capture and storage, Energy(all), Infrastructure networks, SGE - Sustainable Geo Energy, Transportation routes, Transport routes, Pipeline construction, Transport infrastructure, Atmosphere (unit), Central Europe, Global warming, Scale (chemistry), Cross-border, Point sources, Carbon capture and storage (timeline), Legal frameworks, Environmental economics, Pipeline (software), CCS, Europe, Aquifers, Transport corridors, Greenhouse gases, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, North Sea, EELS - Earth, Environmental and Life Sciences
Abstract

Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) is one of the measures that can be used to reduce CO2 emissions to the atmosphere in Europe. Of the total CCS chain the transport infrastructure may be the most planning and guidance-intensive part during the development of large-scale CCS. The EU FP7 CO2 Europipe project aims to pave the road towards large-scale, Europe-wide infrastructure for the transport and injection of CO2 from large point sources. The study presented here is part of that project and presents an assessment of the North-west and Central European sources and sinks of CO2; matching of the sources and sinks is performed in order to identify likely future transport routes and the volumes that can be expected to be transported. The results are presented in maps with major transport corridors. The matching shows that, theoretically, sufficient storage capacity is available up to 2050, with the main part located in the North Sea. Aquifers are to play an important part in the storage and thus require early exploration activities. Infrastructure networks will be extensive and pipeline construction will need to be performed at a fast pace between 2020 and 2050 to make sure that transport can occur between the source clusters and the storage fields in time. To achieve this, international co-operation is required since cross-border transport will be inevitable if the EU is to achieve its GHG emission reduction target. Also, necessary legal frameworks for CCS need to be in place in each affected country to allow this process to go ahead. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd. © 2011 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2011

21. Finite-element modeling of depth and range dependent acoustic propagation in oceanic waveguides

Author

Subrata K. Bhattacharyya, C.P. Vendhan, and Ganesh C. Diwan

Subjects
Pressure boundary conditions, Finite element method, Ocean acoustics, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Point source, Acoustics, Boundary (topology), Pressure effects, Propagating mode, Oceanography, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Finite-element models, Range (statistics), Penalty method, Boundary value problem, Acoustic propagation, Bench-mark problems, Finite element modeling, Intermediate frequencies, Physics, Parallel waveguides, Boundary conditions, Ideal (set theory), Mathematical analysis, Point sources, Radiation boundary condition, Inhomogeneities, Penalty function approach, Oceanic waveguide, Underwater acoustics, Waveguides, Full waves
Abstract

Finite-element models (FEMs) of ocean acoustic waveguides are capable of predicting the full wave solution including the effect of inhomogeneities and interfaces. However the method appears computationally feasible at present only for low to intermediate frequencies. The FEM discussed in this paper treats the radiation boundary condition involving multiple propagating modes using a penalty function approach. The effect of a point source has been represented as a pressure boundary condition on a small boundary surrounding the source. The FEM has been validated with a few examples of ideal waveguides. The FE results for a range and depth dependent parallel waveguide-an ASA benchmark problem [F. B. Jensen and C. M. Ferla, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 87, 1499-1520 (1990)] -compare well with published results. � 2010 Acoustical Society of America.

Published
2010

22. RESULTS FROM THE AMANDA EXPERIMENT

Author

A. Silvestri

Subjects
Physics, Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photomultiplier, Detector, point sources, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, diffuse sources, neutrino astronomy, Data acquisition, Neutrino detector, neutrino detector, Waveform, ultra high energy neutrinos, Neutrino, Neutrino astronomy, Remote sensing
Abstract

The Antarctic Muon And Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) has been taking data since 2000 and its data acquisition system was upgraded in January 2003 to read out the complete digitized waveforms from the buried Photomultipliers (PMTs) using Transient Waveform Recorders (TWR). This system currently runs in parallel with the standard AMANDA data acquisition system. Once AMANDA is incorporated into the 1 km3 detector IceCube, only the TWR system will be kept. We report results from a first atmospheric neutrino analysis on data collected in 2003 with TWR. Good agreement in event rate and angular distribution verify the performance of the TWR system. A search of the northern hemisphere for localized event clusters shows no statistically significant excess, thus a flux limit is calculated, which is in full agreement with previous results based on the standard AMANDA data acquisition system. We also update the status of a search for diffusely distributed neutrinos with ultra high energy (UHE) using data collected by the TWR system.

Published
2007

23. On the detection of point sources in Planck LFI 70 GHz CMB maps based on cleaned K-map

Author

H. G. Khachatryan, G. Yegoryan, A. L. Kashin, and E. Poghosyan

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Point source, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Planck mission, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, symbols.namesake, Observational cosmology, Point (geometry), Planck, microwave background, media_common, Physics, point sources, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), symbols, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We use the Planck LFI 70GHz data to further probe point source detection technique in the sky maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. The method developed by Tegmark et al. for foreground reduced maps and the Kolmogorov parameter as the descriptor are adopted for the analysis of Planck satellite CMB temperature data. Most of the detected points coincide with point sources already revealed by other methods. However, we have also found 9 source candidates for which still no counterparts are known., Comment: 11 pages, 3 figures, Accepted for publication in Modern Physics Letters A. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1206.7121

Published
2015
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24. Leaching and degradation of 21 pesticides in a full-scale model biobed

Author

Arne Helweg, Kirsten Heinrichson, and Niels Henrik Spliid

Subjects
Mecoprop, Environmental Engineering, Bioavailability, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Pesticide application, MCPA, Point Sources, Biobed, Degradation, chemistry.chemical_compound, Environmental Chemistry, Leachate, Pesticides, Sprayer, Leaching (agriculture), Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Pesticide residue, Chemistry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Water, General Medicine, General Chemistry, Models, Theoretical, Pesticide, Pollution, Soil contamination, Environmental chemistry, Leaching
Abstract

Filling and cleaning of pesticide sprayers presents a potential risk of pollution of soil and water. Three different solutions for handling sprayers have been suggested: Filling and cleaning in the field, filling and cleaning on hard surfaces with collection of the waste water, and filling and cleaning on a biobed, which is an excavation lined with clay and filled with a mixture of chopped straw, sphagnum and soil with turf on top, and with increased sorption capacity and microbial activity for degradation of the pesticides. In the present study the degradation and leaching of 21 pesticides (5 g of each) was followed in an established full-scale model biobed. Percolate was collected and analysed for pesticide residues, and the biobed material was sampled at three different depths and analysed by liquid chromatography double mass spectrometry (LC-MSMS). During the total study period of 563 days, no traces of 10 out of 21 applied pesticides were detected in the percolate (detection limits between 0.02 and 0.9 microg l(-1)) and three pesticides were only detected once and at concentrations below 2 microg l(-1). During the first 198 days before second application, 14% of the applied herbicide bentazone was detected in the leachate with maximum and mean concentrations of 445 and 172 microg l(-1), respectively. About 2% of the initial mecoprop and fluazifop dose was detected in the percolate, with mean concentrations of 23 microg l(-1), while MCPA and dimethoate had mean concentrations of 3.5 and 4.7 microg l(-1), respectively. Leachate concentrations for the remaining pesticides were generally below the detection limit (0.02-0.9 microg l(-1), below 1% of applied). Sorption studies of five pesticides showed that compounds with a low K(d) value appeared in the leachate. After 169 days, all pesticides in the biobed profile were degraded to a level below 50% of the calculated initial dose. Pesticides with K(oc) values above 100 were primarily found in the uppermost 10 cm and degraded slowest due to the low bioavailability. The 11 most degradable pesticides were all degraded such that less than 3% remained in the biobed after 169 days. Following second pesticide application of the biobed, leachate was sampled 215 and 365 days after the treatment. This showed the same pesticides to be leached out and at concentrations comparable to those of the first treatment. The same pesticides as after the first treatment were retained in the biobed.

Published
2006

25. Influence of point sources on trace metal contamination and distribution in a semi-enclosed industrial embayment: the Ferrol Ria (NW Spain)

Author

Antonio Cobelo-García and Ricardo Prego

Subjects
Hydrology, Sediment contamination, Ria, Point sources, Sediment, chemistry.chemical_element, Aquatic Science, Contamination, Particulates, Oceanography, Nitrogen, Galicia, Trace metals, Total inorganic carbon, chemistry, Environmental chemistry, Trace metal, Effluent, Bay, Geology
Abstract

9 pages, 5 figures, 3 tables, Concentrations of heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn), particulate organic (POC) and nitrogen (PON), particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) and opal content were measured in 35 surface sediment samples taken in the Ferrol Ria (Galicia, NW Spain). This ria is a semi-enclosed embayment receiving inputs from industrial and urban effluents. The restricted water exchange between the ria and the shelf has led to a significant accumulation of contaminants within the embayment. Two main factors controlled the metal distribution and concentrations in the bay: (1) contamination point sources and (2) distribution of the organic-rich sediments. Zn, Cu and, to a lesser extent Pb, were the metals most contaminated in the bay, with average enrichment factors (AEF)—defined as the mean metal concentration in the bay divided by the background value reported for this ria—of 4.7, 5.5 and 2.7, respectively. The highest concentrations for these metals were observed in the vicinity of the point sources. Values found for Zn, Cu and Pb are comparable to other industrialized coastal areas in the world. For Ni, Fe, Cr and Co a negligible to low contamination was found (AEF = 1–2), with the highest concentrations found in the organic-rich sediments, This work was supported by FEDER-CICYT under the project ‘Biogeochemical Processes in the Ria Ferrol’, ref. 1FD97-0479-C03-02. A. Cobelo-Garcı́a would like to thank the Spanish Ministry of Science for financial support (FPI grant)

Published
2004

26. Estimation of mercury emissions into the Slovene environment in 2001

Author

Mateja Gosar, Polona Druks, Marta Svetina, and Barbara Justin

Subjects
QE1-996.5, mercury, Slovenia, point sources, Environmental engineering, Paleontology, chemistry.chemical_element, Geology, Mercury (element), Geophysics, chemistry, Environmental protection, emission, Environmental science, spread sources, mercury flow diagram
Abstract

The aim of the study was to collect data for better control of mercury emissions in Slovenia, especially from the point and spread sources of all categories. In the past years the Slovenian industry avoided the use of mercury as a raw material in the productionprocess to prevent the emissions and discharge of this hazardous substance. About 733 kg of Hg was imported with products, 620 kg Hg was produced with coal combustion and cement production, 920 kg was sold with products and around 200 kg was exported as waste in year 2001. Annually 1620 kg of Hg emission into environment is estimated, of this approximately 900 kg is deposited as waste, 630 kg escape in the air and 90 kg in water. The following sectors have been identified in Slovenia as the potential sources of mercury into environment: the thermal power plants, dental amalgams, products of electric industry (batteries, lamps, thermometers, manometers, barometers), chemicals, cement industry, incineration and waste treatment. A mercury flow diagram for Slovenia in theyear 2001 was established.

Published
2002

27. The JWST Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) and Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS)

Author

Andre Martel, Mathilde Beaulieu, Kevin Volk, David Lafrenière, René Doyon, Laura Ferrarese, Loic Albert, J. B. Hutchings, Micheal Maszkiewicz, Chris J. Willott, Ray Jayawardhana, Pierre Chayer, Judith L. Pipher, Anand Sivaramakrishnan, Michael Meyer, Roberto Abraham, Marcin Sawicki, Alexander W. Fullerton, Driss Touahri, Neil Rowlands, and Doug Johnstone

Subjects
High contrast imaging, JWST instrumentation, Near Infrared, Infrared devices, Sparse aperture, Aperture, Millimeter waves, Field of view, Wavelength coverage, Space telescopes, Wide-field, Optics, Infra-red cameras, Spectrographs, Observatory, Field of views, Interferometric imaging, Source separation, Angular separation, Spectrograph, Spectroscopy, Physics, Sensors, business.industry, James Webb Space Telescope, Near-infrared spectroscopy, Point sources, Fine guidance sensors, Exoplanet, Interferometry, Exo-planets, Wavelength ranges, Broadband filters, Instruments, business, Broadband imaging
Abstract

The Fine Guidance Sensor (FGS) is one of the four science instruments on board the JamesWebb Space Telescope (JWST). FGS features two modules: an infrared camera dedicated to fine guiding of the observatory and a science camera module, the Near-Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (NIRISS) covering the wavelength range between 0.7 and 5.0 μm with a field of view of 2.2'×2.2'. NIRISS has four observing modes: 1) broadband imaging featuring seven of the eight NIRCam broadband filters, 2) wide-field slitless spectroscopy at a resolving power of ̃150 between 1 and 2.5 μm, 3) single-object cross-dispersed slitless spectroscopy enabling simultaneous wavelength coverage between 0.7 and 2.5 μm at R ̃ 660, a mode optimized for transit spectroscopy of relatively bright (J > 7) stars and, 4) sparse aperture interferometric imaging between 3.8 and 4.8 μm enabling high- contrast (̃ 10-4) imaging of M < 8 point sources at angular separations between 70 and 500 milliarcsec. This paper presents an overview of the FGS/NIRISS design with a focus on the scientific capabilities and performance offered by NIRISS. © 2012 SPIE., Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2012: Optical, Infrared, and Millimeter Wave, July 1-6, 2012, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Series: Proceedings of SPIE; no. 8442

Published
2012

28. Beamforming for directional sources: additional estimator and evaluation of performance under different acoustic scenarios

Author

David I. Havelock, Christian Bouchard, and Martin Bouchard

Subjects
Beamforming, Weighted Sum, Reverberation, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, Point source, Acoustics, Array gain, Plane wave, A-plane, Relative performance, Input signal, Interfering sources, Gain optimization, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Array of sensors, Beamformers, Computer Simulation, signal processing, Computer Science::Information Theory, Wavefront, Signal processing, Ajmaline, Signal to noise ratio, theoretical model, Estimator, Point sources, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, Models, Theoretical, Condition monitoring, Noise, Noise gain, Simulation result, Diffuse noise, Adaptive beamformer, Algorithm, Beamforming methods, Estimation, Spatial modes
Abstract

Beamforming is done with an array of sensors to achieve a directional or spatially-specific response by using a model of the arriving wavefront. Conventionally, a plane wave or point source model is used and this can cause decreased array gain or even total breakdown of beamforming when the source is directional. To avoid this, the authors proposed in recent work an alternative beamforming method which defines a set of sub-beamformers, each designed to respond to a different spatial mode of the source. The outputs of the individual sub-beamformers are combined in a weighted sum to give an overall output of better quality than that of a monopole beamformer. This paper extends the previous work by introducing an additional estimator for the weighted sum and by presenting simulation results to demonstrate the relative performance of the proposed method and the different estimators for a directional source in the presence of diffuse noise, reverberation, and an interfering source. Gain optimization subject to a constraint on the white-noise gain with the proposed beamforming method is also introduced. Generally, when beamforming on directional sources, the proposed method outperforms beamforming with a point source model when the input signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is 0 dB or higher. © 2011 Acoustical Society of America.

Published
2011

29. Inverse wave scattering by unbounded obstacles: Uniqueness for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation

Author

Guanghui Hu

Subjects
Surface (mathematics), Field (physics), Helmholtz equation, Scattering, Point source, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, Inverse scattering, point sources, uniqueness, rough surface, 35R30, Inverse scattering problem, 78A46, Piecewise, Uniqueness, Analysis, Mathematics
Abstract

In this article we present some uniqueness results on inverse wave scattering by unbounded obstacles for the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation. We prove that an impenetrable one-dimensional rough surface can be uniquely determined by the values of the scattered field taken on a line segment above the surface that correspond to the incident waves generated by a countable number of point sources. For penetrable rough layers in a piecewise constant medium, the refractive indices together with the rough interfaces (on which the TM transmission conditions are imposed) can be uniquely identified using the same measurements and the same incident point source waves. Moreover, a Dirichlet polygonal rough surface can be uniquely determined by a single incident point source wave provided a certain condition is imposed on it.

Published
2011
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30. Global Mercury Emissions From Natural and Anthropogenic Sources

Author

Pirrone N., Cinnirella S., Feng X., Finkelman R.B., Friedli H.R., Leaner J., Mason R. Murkherjee A.B., Stracher G.B., Streets D.G., and Telmer K.

Subjects
Heavy metals, atmospheric pollution, point sources
Abstract

Our recent findings show that mercury emissions from natural sources and re-emission from aquatic and terrestrial surfaces are significantly higher than the mercury emissions from anthropogenic sources. On an annual basis, natural sources account for 5207 Mg of mercury released to the global atmosphere, including the contribution from re-emission processes, which are emissions of previously deposited mercury originating from anthropogenic and natural sources, and primary emissions from natural reservoirs. Anthropogenic sources, which include a large number of industrial point sources, are estimated to account for 2320 Mg of mercury emitted annually. Therefore, our current estimate of global mercury emissions suggests that within the overall contribution (7527 Mg ), as much as two thirds of the total emissions originate from natural sources and re-emission fields. This may have clear repercussions on the necessity of investing a lot of money and reduce emissions from coal combustion and from other anthropogenic sources as we do not have any idea to handle mercury emission from natural sources, which are two times higher than that generated by various human activities.

Published
2010

31. Negative refraction and subwavelength focusing using left-handed composite metamaterials

Author

Ekmel Ozbay, Koray Aydin, and Özbay, Ekmel

Subjects
Permittivity, Superlens, Point source, Negative permeability, Super lens, Composite number, Refractive index, Split ring resonator (SRR), Physics::Optics, Subwavelength focusing, Split-ring resonator, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Resonator, Optics, Negative refraction, Composite metamaterials, Subwavelength focussing, Periodic arrays, Electronic equipment, Resonators, Negative refractions, Computer networks, Physics, Magnetic permeability, Negative permittivity, Metamaterial structures, business.industry, Left-handed metamaterial, Wire meshes, Point sources, Metamaterial, Microwave frequencies, Composite materials, Physics::Classical Physics, Materials science, Left-handed metamaterials (LHM), Metamaterials (MTM), Refraction, Metamaterials, Left handed (LH), Light refraction, Optoelectronics, Prism, business, Negative refractive index
Abstract

Date of Conference: 19-24 January 2008 Conference name: Proceedings - Photonic Crystal Materials and Devices - Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008 We review experimental studies performed on left-handed metamaterials (LHM) at microwave frequencies. The metamaterial structure is composed of periodic arrays of split-ring resonators and wire meshes and exhibits a left-handed propagation band at frequencies of negative permittivity and negative permeability. Negative refraction is verified using prism shaped LHM and also by beam-shifting method. Subwavelength focusing of a point source is achieved with a resolution of 0.13λ, through a flat LHM superlens.

Published
2008

32. Anthropogenic nutrient sources and loads from a Mediterranean catchment into a coastal lagoon: Mar Menor, Spain

Author

Victor Castillo, Gonzalo G. Barberá, Juan Albaladejo, Javier García-Pintado, María Martínez-Mena, European Commission, and Gobierno de la Región de Murcia

Subjects
Environmental Engineering, Nitrogen, Rain, Population, chemistry.chemical_element, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nutrient, Nitrate, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Water Supply, Environmental Chemistry, Seawater, Cities, Water pollution, education, Waste Management and Disposal, Nitrites, Total organic carbon, Hydrology, education.field_of_study, Nitrates, Diffuse sources, Phosphorus, Point sources, Agriculture, Eutrophication, Pollution, Carbon, Nutrient loads, Quaternary Ammonium Compounds, chemistry, Spain, Coastal lagoons, Environmental science, Water quality, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

The Mar Menor is a coastal lagoon increasingly threatened by urban and agricultural pressures. The main watercourse draining into the lagoon is the Rambla del Albujón. A fortnightly campaign carried out over one annual cycle enabled us to characterize the treated urban sewage effluents and agricultural sources which contribute to the nutrient fluxes in the watercourse. Multivariate analysis provided information for establishing chemical signatures and for assessing the relative influence of the various sources on the water quality at the outlet. Mass balances were used to examine net gains and losses, and cross-correlations with rainfall to analyze climatic influence and control factors in the trends of the nutrient flux. The rainfall pattern was significantly cross-correlated with nitrate and phosphorus fluxes from agricultural sources, while fluctuations in the resident population explained the phosphorus flux trend in urban sources. 50% of dissolved inorganic nitrogen was from agricultural sources, while 70% of total phosphate and 91% of total organic carbon were from urban point sources. The net amounts of all the nutrients fell as a result of plant uptake and/or denitrification in the channel. The control of urban point sources (phosphorus-enriched) is suggested as a promptly action for improving the health of the coastal lagoon., This project was funded by the European Commission, EESD Specific Program (EVK-CT-2002-00112; tempQsim project) and by the Autonomous Community of Murcia (Spain), through the Agriculture and Water Council (RP-AG 02018/CV/01).

Published
2007

33. Detection of point sources in maps of the cosmic microwave background radiation by means of optimal filters

Author

López-Caniego Alcarria, Marcos, Sanz Estévez, José Luis, Herranz Muñoz, Diego, Universidad de Cantabria, and Universidad de Cantabria. Departamento de Física Moderna

Subjects
Linear filters, Fuentes puntuales, Cosmología, Point sources, Wavelets, CMB, Filtros lineales, Cosmología / Astrofísica, Cosmology
Abstract

Cuando observamos el cielo con los instrumentos más avanzados en la frecuencia de las microondas, los fotones que vemos fueron originados en regiones muy diferentes del universo. La mayoría proceden de nuestra propia galaxia (emisión difusa de sincrotrón, free-free y polvo), otros se originan en galaxias y cúmulos de galaxias muy lejanos, y, finalmente, una fracción tendrá su origen en la radiación del Big Bang, conocida como la Radiación del Fondo Cósmico de Microondas. Esta radiación está contaminada por las otras y su separación de ellas de una forma satisfactoria sigue siendo un problema abierto. En esta tesis exploraremos diferentes técnicas basadas en filtros lineales para detectar y separar uno de estos contaminantes, la contribución a la señal que se observa de radio galaxias y galaxias infrarrojas lejanas. Éstas son conocidas como fuentes puntuales porque aparecen como objetos puntuales no resueltos -- debido a las típicas resoluciones angulares de los instrumentos usados en los experimentos. En primer lugar, vamos a estudiar las propiedades de una familia de filtros adaptados para la detección de fuentes puntuales, donde modificamos la escala del filtro y usamos un test de Neyman-Pearson para definir la región de aceptación. En segundo lugar, consideramos un nuevo filtro (BSAF) que tiene dos parámetros que se pueden optimizar para maximizar el número de detecciones reales fijado un número de detecciones espurias. En tercer lugar, extendemos el BSAF al caso dos-dimensional y lo comparamos con la ondícula de sombrero mejicano (MHW). En cuarto lugar, estudiamos una nueva técnica de fusión de lineal y cuadrática de imágenes. En quinto lugar, comparamos tres filtros usando simulaciones realistas de Planck. En sexto lugar, para terminar, usamos el segundo miembro de la familia de ondículas de sombrero mejicano para hacer una detección no-ciega en las cinco frecuencias del satélite WMAP, analizando 2491 objetos observados a 5 GHz y produciendo un catálogo de 932 objetos observados a 3σ y 380 a 5σ., When we observe the sky with the most advanced instruments operating at microwave frequencies, the photons that we see were originated in very different regions in the universe. Most of them come from our own Galaxy (diffuse synchrotron, free-free and dust emission), others come from very distant galaxies and clusters of galaxies, and, finally, a fraction will have their origin in the relic radiation of the Big Bang, known as the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation. This radiation is contaminated by the other components and the separation of the different emissions in a satisfactory way is still an open problem. In this thesis we will explore different techniques based on linear filters to detect and separate one of the contaminants, the contribution to the observed signal of distant radio and infrared galaxies. These galaxies are known as extragalactic point sources because, for the angular resolution of the typical experiments in microwave frequencies, they appear as point-like unresolved objects. First, we will study the performance of a family of matched filters when detecting point sources, where we allow the scale of the filter to be modified and where we introduce a Neyman-Pearson test to define the region of acceptance. Second, we will consider a new one-dimensional linear filter, the Biparametric Scale-Adaptive Filter (BSAF), that has two parameters that can be optimised to maximise the number of real detections for a fixed number of spurious detections, used in conjuction with a Neyman-Pearson test. Third, we will extend the BSAF to two dimensions, and compare it with the Mexican Hat Wavelet. Fourth, we will explore a new technique that combines lineal and quadratic fusion of images with linear filters, testing it with realistic simulations of one of the Planck satellite channels. Fifth, we will study in detail the performance of three filters, the Matched filter and two members of the Mexican Hat wavelet in realistic simulations of the nine channels of Planck. To conclude, we will use the second member of the Mexican Hat Family to do a non-blind study in the five frequencies of WMAP of a complete sample of 2491 sources observed at 5 GHz, producing a catalogue of 932 objects detected above 3σ and a catalogue of 380 objects observed above 5σ.

Published
2007

34. Near-field imaging of scattering obstacles with the factorization method

Author

Jiaqing Yang, Haiwen Zhang, Guanghui Hu, and Bo Zhang

Subjects
near-field data, Helmholtz equation, factorization method, Scattering, Applied Mathematics, Mathematical analysis, point sources, Inversion (meteorology), inverse scattering, Computer Science Applications, Theoretical Computer Science, 35R30, Factorization, Obstacle, Bounded function, 78A46, Signal Processing, Inverse scattering problem, 78A45, Electrical impedance, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics
Abstract

In this paper we establish a factorization method for recovering the location and shape of an acoustic bounded obstacle with using the near-field data, corresponding to infinitely many incident point sources. The obstacle is allowed to be an impenetrable scatterer of sound-soft, sound-hard or impedance type or a penetrable scatterer. An outgoing-to-incoming operator is constructed for facilitating the factorization of the near-field operator, which can be easily implemented numerically. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our inversion algorithm, including the case where limited aperture near-field data are available only.

Published
2014

35. THE GALACTIC BULGE SURVEY: OUTLINE AND X-RAY OBSERVATIONS

Author

Rudy Wijnands, Robert I. Hynes, L. M. van Haaften, Peter G. Jonker, Thomas J. Maccarone, Valerie J. Mikles, Feryal Özel, Manuel A. P. Torres, J. J. M. in 't Zand, E. M. Ratti, C. G. Bassa, Andrea Dieball, Christopher T. Britt, L. Gossen, Gijs Nelemans, D. Steeghs, Craig O. Heinke, Frank Verbunt, Mariano Mendez, Sandra Greiss, Nanda Rea, Erik Kuulkers, James L. Clem, Paul J. Groot, A. C. Collazzi, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), and Astronomy

Subjects
POINT SOURCES, Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extinction (astronomy), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, MASS, 01 natural sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, X-rays: binaries, CHAMPLANE SURVEY, Common envelope, accretion, Bulge, CATACLYSMIC VARIABLES, 0103 physical sciences, SOURCE CATALOG, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, QB, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, accretion, accretion disks, binaries: close, Mass distribution, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, accretion disks, Galactic Center, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Galactic plane, PLANE SURVEY, Black hole, Neutron star, LUMINOSITY FUNCTION, Space and Planetary Science, BLACK-HOLE, MILKY-WAY, BINARY POPULATION, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We introduce the Galactic Bulge Survey (GBS) and we provide the Chandra source list for the region that has been observed to date. Among the goals of the GBS are constraining the neutron star equation of state and the black hole mass distribution via the identification of eclipsing neutron star and black hole low-mass X-ray binaries. The latter goal will, in addition, be obtained by significantly enlarging the number of black hole systems for which a black hole mass can be derived. Further goals include constraining X-ray binary formation scenarios, in particular the common envelope phase and the occurrence of kicks, via source-type number counts and an investigation of the spatial distribution of X-ray binaries, respectively. The GBS targets two strips of 6x1 degrees (12 square degrees in total), one above (1, Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJS, 12 pages, 7 figures, 4 Tables, Table 3 with the full source list is available at http://www.sron.nl/~peterj/gbs/publications.html

Published
2011

36. Source transformation device formed by one-dimensional photonic crystal

Author

V. Subramanian and N. Yogesh

Subjects
Physics, Total internal reflection, Wave propagation, business.industry, Point source, Plane wave, Physics::Optics, Metamaterial, Band gaps, One dimensional photonic crystal, Open cavity, Photonic band-gap structures, Point sources, Solitary-wave behavior, Source transformation, Elastic waves, Energy gap, Metamaterials, Optical instruments, Solitons, Photonic crystals, Yablonovite, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Resonator, Optics, Optoelectronics, business, Photonic crystal
Abstract

Photonic bandgap structures can also be utilized for the realization of transformational optical devices like metamaterials. In this Letter, the possibility of cylindrical to plane wave source transformation in an open cavity formed by one dimensional photonic crystal is demonstrated. It is observed that the gap solitary wave behavior at the near-bandgap regime is fair enough to produce highly directional plane waves out of the point source placed inside the open cavity. The limitations of such a source transformation device are governed by the strength of the bandgap that decides the amplitude of the emitted plane waves. � 2011 Optical Society of America.

Published
2011

37. Finite solid angle correction factors and efficiencies for cadmium telluride detectors

Author

A.K. Chaubey and H.V. Gupta

Subjects
semiconductor counters, gamma ray spectrometers, right circular cylindrical geometry, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Cdte detector, 01 natural sciences, CdTe detectors, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, finite solid angle correction factors, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, 100 keV to 10 MeV, Detector, point sources, Gamma ray, Solid angle, absolute detection efficiencies, Cadmium telluride photovoltaics, Semiconductor detector, gamma rays, [PHYS.HIST]Physics [physics]/Physics archives, High Energy Physics::Experiment, business
Abstract

Finite solid angle correction factors and absolute detection efficiencies of the CdTe detectors of right circular cylindrical geometry for point sources placed on the axis of the detector, has been calculated for γ-ray energies from 100 keV to 10 MeV, taking into account various source to detector distances, ranging from 1 to 10 cm. CdTe detectors of several area between 0.12 and 2.5 cm2 of various thicknesses were considered.

Published
1977

38. Planck 2015 results. XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity

Author

Planck Collaboration, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Arroja, F., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernard, J. -P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Church, S., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F. -X., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fergusson, J., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Gauthier, C., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giraud-Héraud, Y., Gjerløw, E., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hamann, J., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D. L., Heavens, A., Helou, G., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huang, Z., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marinucci, D., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., McGehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Münchmeyer, M., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C. A., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Peiris, H. V., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L., Rachen, J. P., Racine, B., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, E. P. S., Shiraishi, M., Smith, K., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutter, P., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S., Sygnet, J. -F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, F., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Arroja, F., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Church, S., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F. X., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, Simona, Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fergusson, J., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Gauthier, C., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giraud Héraud, Y., Gjerløw, E., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hamann, J., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D. L., Heavens, A., Helou, G., Henrot Versillé, S., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huang, Z., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Lawrence, C. R., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Levrier, F., Lewis, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Maciás Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marinucci, D., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Mcgehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Miville Deschênes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Münchmeyer, M., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Oxborrow, C. A., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Peiris, H. V., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Popa, L., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Racine, B., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubinõ Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, E. P. S., Shiraishi, M., Smith, K., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutter, P., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Science Foundation Ireland, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), UK Space Agency, Department of Energy (US), Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Center for Science (Finland), Academy of Finland, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), DTU Space (Denmark), Swiss Space Office, Max Planck Society, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, European Space Agency, Junta de Andalucía, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, European Research Council, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Arroja, F, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Ballardini, M, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, H, Christensen, P, Church, S, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Combet, C, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, DE BERNARDIS, P, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Désert, F, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Ducout, A, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Elsner, F, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Fergusson, J, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Fraisse, A, Franceschi, E, Frejsel, A, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Gauthier, C, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giraud Héraud, Y, Gjerløw, E, González Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, J, Hamann, J, Hansen, F, Hanson, D, Harrison, D, Heavens, A, Helou, G, Henrot Versillé, S, Hernández Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huang, Z, Huffenberger, K, Hurier, G, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kim, J, Kisner, T, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki Suonio, H, Lacasa, F, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Lawrence, C, Leonardi, R, Lesgourgues, J, Levrier, F, Lewis, A, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden Vørnle, M, López Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Maciás Pérez, J, Maggio, G, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mangilli, A, Marinucci, D, Maris, M, Martin, P, Martínez González, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Mcgehee, P, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Miville Deschênes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Münchmeyer, M, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Nørgaard Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Oxborrow, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Peiris, H, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Pettorino, V, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Popa, L, Pratt, G, Prézeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Racine, B, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Renzi, A, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Roudier, G, Rubinõ Martín, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Shellard, E, Shiraishi, M, Smith, K, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutter, P, Sutton, D, Suur Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Troja, A, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Wehus, I, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Aalto Univ, African Inst Math Sci, Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Cambridge, Univ KwaZulu Natal, CGEE, Univ Toronto, IRAP, Trinity Coll Dublin, CALTECH, CEFCA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CSIC, CEA Saclay, Tech Univ Denmark, Univ Geneva, Univ La Laguna, Univ Oviedo, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Univ British Columbia, Univ Southern Calif, UCL, Univ Sussex, Florida State Univ, Univ Helsinki, Princeton Univ, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Univ Illinois, Univ Padua, Univ Bologna, Univ Ferrara, Univ Roma La Sapienza, Univ Milan, Univ Trieste, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Niels Bohr Inst, Univ Copenhagen, European Space Agcy, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, HGSFP, Heidelberg Univ, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, INAF IASF Bologna, INAF IASF Milano, Univ Roma, INFN Natl Inst Nucl Phys, Univ Grenoble Alpes, IUCAA, Imperial Coll London, Univ Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Inst Univ France, Univ Paris Saclay, CNRS, Rhein Westfal TH Aachen, Inst Space Sci, Univ Oslo, Inst Astrofis Canarias, Univ Cantabria, Univ Manchester, Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Kazan Fed Univ, Univ Paris 11, Observ Paris, Telecom ParisTech, Univ Paris Sud 11, Russian Acad Sci, Natl Taiwan Univ, Max Planck Inst Astrophys, McGill Univ, Natl Univ Ireland, Nicolaus Copernicus Astron Ctr, Nordita Nord Inst Theoret Phys, Perimeter Inst Theoret Phys, SISSA, Univ E Campus, Cardiff Univ, Univ Nottingham, Sorbonne Univ UPMC, Univ Calif Berkeley, Stanford Univ, Univ Oxford, Univ Sydney, Stockholm Univ, CERN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Toulouse, Univ Granada, Univ Warsaw Observ, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Planck, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science and Technology Facilities Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and Imperial College Trust

Subjects
POINT SOURCES, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Cosmic microwave background, POLARIZATION ANISOTROPIES, Astrophysics, CMB, Cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Cosmology: observation, Early Universe, Cosmology, 3-POINT CORRELATION-FUNCTION, Statistical physics, TEMPERATURE, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), QB, Physics, Cosmology: observations, Planck temperature, observations [cosmology], Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, symbols, Trispectrum, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), MINKOWSKI FUNCTIONALS, FOS: Physical sciences, observation [Cosmology], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, NO, cosmic background radiation, cosmology: observations, cosmology: theory, early Universe, inflation, methods: data analysis, symbols.namesake, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Methods: data analysis, theory [Cosmology], Non-Gaussianity, LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, data analysis [methods], INFRARED BACKGROUND ANISOTROPIES, Planck, FAST ESTIMATOR, theory, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Inflation (cosmology), Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, Inflation, data analysi [Methods], 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, early universe, PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS, Cosmology: theory, Bispectrum, Methods: data analysi
Abstract

Cosmology (including clusters of galaxies).-- et al., The Planck full mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-mode polarization maps are analysed to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). Using three classes of optimal bispectrum estimators-separable template-fitting (KSW), binned, and modal-we obtain consistent values for the primordial local, equilateral, and orthogonal bispectrum amplitudes, quoting as our final result alone ƒlocalNL = 2.5 ± 5.7, ƒequilNL= -16 ± 70, , and ƒorthoNL = -34 ± 32 (68% CL, statistical). Combining temperature and polarization data we obtain ƒlocalNL = 0.8 ± 5.0, ƒequilNL= -4 ± 43, and ƒorthoNL = -26 ± 21 (68% CL, statistical). The results are based on comprehensive cross-validation of these estimators on Gaussian and non-Gaussian simulations, are stable across component separation techniques, pass an extensive suite of tests, and are consistent with estimators based on measuring the Minkowski functionals of the CMB. The effect of time-domain de-glitching systematics on the bispectrum is negligible. In spite of these test outcomes we conservatively label the results including polarization data as preliminary, owing to a known mismatch of the noise model in simulations and the data. Beyond estimates of individual shape amplitudes, we present model-independent, three-dimensional reconstructions of the Planck CMB bispectrum and derive constraints on early universe scenarios that generate primordial NG, including general single-field models of inflation, axion inflation, initial state modifications, models producing parity-violating tensor bispectra, and directionally dependent vector models. We present a wide survey of scale-dependent feature and resonance models, accounting for the >look elsewhere> effect in estimating the statistical significance of features. We also look for isocurvature NG, and find no signal, but we obtain constraints that improve significantly with the inclusion of polarization. The primordial trispectrum amplitude in the local model is constrained to be g = (-0.9 ± 7.7) X 10(68% CL statistical), and we perform an analysis of trispectrum shapes beyond the local case. The global picture that emerges is one of consistency with the premises of the ΛCDM cosmology, namely that the structure we observe today was sourced by adiabatic, passive, Gaussian, and primordial seed perturbations., The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, JA, and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC and PRACE (EU).

39. Planck 2015 results. XXII. A map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect

Author

Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit-Lévy, A., Bernard, J. -P, Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. -F, Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Comis, B., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., Bernardis, P., Rosa, A., Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F. -X, Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fergusson, J., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova-Santos, R. T., Giard, M., González-Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, A., Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D. L., Henrot-Versillé, S., Hernández-Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. -M, Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden-Vørnle, M., López-Caniego, M., Macías-Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez-González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. -B, Migliaccio, M., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A, Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. -L, Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubiño-Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Sauvé, A., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur-Uski, A. -S, Sygnet, J. -F, Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tramonte, D., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Tent, B., Vielva, P., Fabrizio Villa, Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Planck, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Aalto Univ, African Inst Math Sci, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, Aix Marseille Univ, Univ Cambridge, Univ KwaZulu Natal, ALMA Santiago Cent Off, Univ Toronto, IRAP, Trinity Coll Dublin, CALTECH, CEFCA, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, CEA Saclay, Tech Univ Denmark, Univ Geneva, Univ Oviedo, Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Univ British Columbia, Univ Southern Calif, UCL, Florida State Univ, Univ Helsinki, Princeton Univ, Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Univ Illinois, Univ Padua, Univ Ferrara, Univ Roma La Sapienza, Univ Milan, Univ Trieste, Univ Roma Tor Vergata, Niels Bohr Inst, Univ La Laguna, ESO Vitacura, European Space Agcy, Univ E Campus, Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, HGSFP, Heidelberg Univ, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), INAF Osservatorio Astron Padova, INAF Osservatorio Astron Roma, INAF Osservatorio Astron Trieste, INAF IASF Bologna, INAF IASF Milano, Univ Roma Sapienza, Univ Grenoble Alpes, Imperial Coll London, Univ Joseph Fourier Grenoble I, Inst Univ France, Univ Paris Sud 11, Inst Astrophys Paris, Univ Oslo, Inst Astrofis Canarias, CSIC Univ Cantabria, Univ Manchester, Kavli Inst Cosmol Cambridge, Univ Paris 11, Univ Savoie, Observ Paris, CNRS, Telecom ParisTech, Russian Acad Sci, Max Planck Inst Astrophys, Natl Univ Ireland, Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, SISSA, Cardiff Univ, UPMC, Univ Calif Berkeley, Univ Oxford, CERN, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Univ Toulouse, Ludwig Maximilian Univ Munich, Univ Granada, Univ Warsaw Observ, Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chiang, H. C., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Clements, D. L., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Comis, B, Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Désert, F. X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, Simona, Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fergusson, J., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Frejsel, A., Galeotta, S., Galli, S., Ganga, K., Génova Santos, R. T., Giard, M., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D. L., Henrot Versillé, S., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Levrier, F., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, M., MacIás Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Maris, M., Martin, P. G., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Matarrese, S., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. B., Migliaccio, M., Miville Deschênes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Pratt, G. W., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubinõ Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Sauvé, A., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Scott, D., Spencer, L. D., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sunyaev, R., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tramonte, D., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Wehus, I. K., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Junta de Andalucía, European Space Agency, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, European Research Council, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), Academy of Finland, Center for Science (Finland), Department of Energy (US), UK Space Agency, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Science Foundation Ireland, DTU Space (Denmark), Swiss Space Office, Max Planck Society, German Centre for Air and Space Travel, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aghanim, N, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Bartolo, N, Battaner, E, Battye, R, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chiang, H, Christensen, P, Churazov, E, Clements, D, Colombo, L, Combet, C, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, DE BERNARDIS, P, De Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Désert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Ducout, A, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Elsner, F, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Fergusson, J, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Fraisse, A, Franceschi, E, Frejsel, A, Galeotta, S, Galli, S, Ganga, K, Génova Santos, R, Giard, M, González Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, J, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Henrot Versillé, S, Hernández Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Huffenberger, K, Hurier, G, Jaffe, A, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki Suonio, H, Lacasa, F, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Leonardi, R, Lesgourgues, J, Levrier, F, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden Vørnle, M, López Caniego, M, MacIás Pérez, J, Maffei, B, Maggio, G, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mangilli, A, Maris, M, Martin, P, Martínez González, E, Masi, S, Matarrese, S, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Migliaccio, M, Miville Deschênes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Pettorino, V, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Renzi, A, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rossetti, M, Roudier, G, Rubinõ Martín, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Sauvé, A, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sunyaev, R, Sutton, D, Suur Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tramonte, D, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Wehus, I, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, and Zonca, A

Subjects
POINT SOURCES, Large-scale structure of Universe, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Astrophysics, CMB, Cosmology: observation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, observations [Cosmology], 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, large-scale structure of universe, Cosmology: observations, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Planck temperature, MICROWAVE BACKGROUND MAPS, DATA SETS, Physical Sciences, large-scale structure of Universe, cosmology: observations, symbols, astro-ph.CO, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), ANGULAR POWER SPECTRUM, COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, FOS: Physical sciences, Higher-order statistics, observation [Cosmology], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Noise (electronics), NO, symbols.namesake, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Planck, SPT-SZ SURVEY, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, X-RAY, Multipole expansion, GALAXY CLUSTERS
Abstract

The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MINECO, J.A., and RES (Spain); Tekes, AoF, and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); ERC and PRACE (EU). A description of the Planck Collaboration and a list of its members, indicating which technical or scientific activities they have been involved in, can be found at http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/planck/planck-collaboration., We have constructed all-sky Compton parameters maps, y-maps, of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect by applying specifically tailored component separation algorithms to the 30 to 857 GHz frequency channel maps from the Planck satellite. These reconstructed y-maps are delivered as part of the Planck 2015 release. The y-maps are characterized in terms of noise properties and residual foreground contamination, mainly thermal dust emission at large angular scales, and cosmic infrared background and extragalactic point sources at small angular scales. Specific masks are defined to minimize foreground residuals and systematics. Using these masks, we compute the y-map angular power spectrum and higher order statistics. From these we conclude that the y-map is dominated by tSZ signal in the multipole range, 20, Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France), European Space Agency, Italian Space Agency (ASI), Italian National Research Council, Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF), National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), United States Department of Energy (DOE), UKSA (UK), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), MINECO (Spain), RES (Spain), Finnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES), AoF (Finland), CSC (Finland), Helmholtz Association, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Max Planck Society, CSA (Canada), DTU Space (Denmark), SER/SSO (Switzerland), RCN (Norway), Science Foundation Ireland, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, ERC (EU), European Union (EU), J.A. (Spain), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/L000768/1

40. Search for astrophysical point sources of muons with the MACRO detector

Author

Bellotti, R., Cafagna, F., Calicchio, M., Cataldo, G., Marzo, C., Erriquez, O., Favuzzi, C., Fusco, P., Giglietto, N., Spinelli, P., Petrakis, J., Cecchini, S., Giacomelli, G., Mandrioli, G., Margiotta-Neri, A., Matteuzzi, P., Patrizii, L., Predieri, F., Sanzani, G. L., Scapparone, E., Serra Lugaresi, P., Maurizio Spurio, Togo, V., Ahlen, S. P., Cormack, R., Kearns, E., Klein, S., Ludlam, G., Marin, A., Okada, C., Stone, J. L., Sulak, L. R., Worstell, W., Barish, B., Coutu, S., Hong, J. T., Katsuvounidis, E., Kyrianapoulou, S., Liu, G., Liu, R., Michael, D., Peck, C., Pignatano, N., Scholberg, K., Steele, J., Walker, C., Lane, Charles E., Steinberg, R., Battistoni, G., Bilokon, H., Bloise, C., Campana, P., Cavallo, P., Chiarella, V., Forti, C., Grillo, A. F., Iarocci, E., Marini, A., Patera, V., Ronga, F., Satta, L., Spinetti, M., Valente, V., Gustavino, C., Reynoldson, J., Habig, Alec, Heinz, R., Miller, L., Mufson, Stuart L., Musser, J., Nutter, S., Di Credico, Alessandra, Monacelli, Piero, Bernardini, P., Mancarella, G., Martello, D., Palamara, O., Petrera, S., Pistilli, P., Surdo, A., Diehl, E., Levin, D., Longo, M., Smith, C., Tarle, G., Ambrosio, M., Barbarino, G. C., Guarino, F., Osteria, G., Baldini, A., Bemporad, C., Cei, F., Giannini, G., Grassi, M., Pazzi, R., Auriemma, G., Bussino, S., Chiera, C., Chrysicopoulou, P., Corona, A., Devincenzi, M., Foti, L., Lamanna, E., Lipari, P., Martellotti, G., Rosa, G., Sciubba, A., Severi, M., Green, P., Webb, R., Bisi, V., Giubellino, P., Marzari Chiesa, A., Masera, M., Monteno, M., Parlati, S., Ramello, L., and Sitta, M.

Subjects
cosmic-rays, MACRO, point sources

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