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Oleanolic acid (OA) is a natural compound that can be found in a number of edible and medicinal plants and confers diverse biological actions. However, the direct target of OA in human tumor cells remains poorly understood, preventing its application in clinical and health settings. A previous study revealed that overexpression of caveolin-1 in human leukemia HL-60 cells can increase its sensitivity to OA. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of OA on the doxorubicin-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7 cell line (MCF-7/DOX), harringtonine-resistant human leukemia HL-60 cells (HL-60/HAR) and their corresponding parental cell lines. Western blotting was performed to measure protein expression levels, whilst Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays, cell cycle analysis (by flow cytometry) and apoptosis assays (with Annexin V/PI staining) were used to assess drug sensitivity. CCK-8 assay results suggested that MCF-7/DOX cells, which overexpress the caveolin-1 protein, have similar OA susceptibility to their parent line. In addition, sensitivity of MCF-7/DOX cells to OA was not augmented by knocking down caveolin-1 using RNA interference. HL-60/HAR cells exhibited a four-fold increased sensitivity to OA compared with that in their parental HL-60 cells according to CCK-8 assay. Both of the resistant cell lines exhibited higher numbers of cells at G1 phase arrest compared with those in their parent lines, as measured via flow cytometry. Treatment of both MCF-7 cell lines with 100 µM OA for 48 h induced apoptosis, with increased effects observed in resistant cells. However, no PARP-1 or caspase-3 cleavage was observed, with some positive Annexin V staining found after HL-60/HAR cells were treated with OA, suggesting that cell death occurred via non-classical apoptosis or through other cell death pathways. It was found that OA was not a substrate of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) in drug-resistant cells, as indicated by the accumulation of rhodamine 123 assessed using flow cytometry. However, protein expression of ABCB1 in both of the resistant cell lines was significantly decreased after treatment with OA in a concentration-dependent manner. Collectively, these results suggest that OA could reduce ABCB1 protein expression and induce G1 phase arrest in multidrug-resistant cancer cells. These findings highlight the potential of OA for cancer therapy.

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used around the world. However, with its wide use has been the identification of a number of toxicological issues that have severely restricted its use in clinical treatment. The identification of these toxic substances within TCM has become somewhat of a hot topic in recent years.This article reviews literature published on professional authoritative journals in the last 10 years on the toxic constituents and toxicology of TCM, including chemical structures, absorption and metabolism. The literature search for this article was based, but not limited to, toxic constituents including: alkaloids, glycosides, toxic proteins, polypeptide, amino acids, phenols or organic acids, terpenes and lactones. The authors discuss the toxic substances referring to their toxicity on organs, tissues and systems.More and more toxic constituents from different TCMs have been identified, in addition to information on how they act in the body at a molecular level. However, the toxicology of TCMs is very complex, and although some progress has been made, a lot work is still needed in order to put an end to toxic incidents.

We demonstrated the accumulation of CD11b(high)Gr-1(+) cells in a murine model of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Inoculation of NR-S1K cells derived from oral SCC induced a rapid and clear accumulation of CD11b(high)Gr-1(+) cells in secondary lymphoid organs as well as in peripheral blood. Phenotypic and morphological analyses revealed that these CD11b(high)Gr-1(+) cells were not lymphoid lineage cells, mature dendritic cells, macrophages, or granulocytes. Although the freshly isolated CD11b(high) cells lacked antigen-presenting capacity, they acquired a potent antigen-presenting capacity that included the induction of MHC class II after culture with GM-CSF and IL-4 in vitro. These results suggest that CD11b(high) cells that accumulate in tumor-bearing hosts are immature myeloid cells, but have considerable potential to differentiate into potent antigen-presenting cells under appropriate culture conditions. The use of in vitro differentiated CD11b(high) cells may be a potential strategy for obtaining patient-matched dendritic cells for tumor immunotherapy.

In order to investigate the bacterial community structure and the characteristics of bacteria on the membrane surface, a submerged membrane bioreactor treating municipal wastewater was continuously operated under two different conditions. Bacterial community structures were examined by PCR‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and PCR cloning of 16S rRNA genes. Bacterial strains isolated from membrane surface were identified and their growth curve, EPS concentration and hydrophobicity were measured. The structures of bacterial communities in the suspended solids and on the membrane surface were obviously different, and γ‐Proteobacteria more selectively adhere and grow on the membrane surface than other microorganisms. Most of the membrane isolates grew slowly as compared with the strains isolated from the suspended solids. Also, the membrane isolates were higher cell surface hydrophobicities, higher EPS concentrations, and higher ratios of protein to carbohydrate within the EPSs than the isolat...

To study the effect of different dose aspirin on coronary artery lessions in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease. 142 children with primary Kawasaki disease in our hospital, from January 2010 to December 2013, were divided into two groups, A, B.65 children were in group A. In acute phase, they were

Explor the clinical characteristics, therapeutic regimen and outcome of TIC in children of different ages. 20 children with TIC, from the First Hospital of Jilin University from January 2007 to November 2013, were retrospectively analyzed the clinical manifestations,auxiliary examination, treatment

Objectives this study is to explore the effect of differentiation of BMSCs into myocardial cells in different inducing conditions In vitro . Methods BMSCs were isolated with the density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent method and cultured. The growth curve, cell cycle, phenotype of BMSCs were determined. BMSCs were induced to differentiate into osteoblasts and adipocytes. In vitro BMSCs were cultured in the medium supplemented with 5-azacytidine (5-aza) or serum of rat with DCM combined with 5-aza or cadiocyte lysate of rat with DCM. Then the morphological changes were observed and the expression of cardiac troponin was detected using the methods of immunocytochemistry and RT-PCR. Results Most of BMSCs isolated with the density gradient centrifugation combined adherent method and cultured adhered to the wall with the colony growth. Passaged cells quickly adhered, proliferated rapidly, and almost no colonies were formed. About 6 - 7d later, the cells crowded the bottom of the flask with the spindle-shaped uniform distribution. After many passages, cells have a more uniform and orderly distribution of fibroblast-like. After passaged for consecutive 9 times, cells had no significant changes in morphology, no signs of ageing. The passage cycle is 6–7d, but after the 9 passage, the proliferation of cells was slow and the passage cycle was extended. The Passage1, 3, and 5 cells were high proliferation, the growth curve shape of which were similar. The majority of the cells were relatively quiescent. BMSCs could differentiate into osteoblasts and to fat cells under particular induced conditions. After the phenotypes of BMSCs were determined by flow cytometry, they were CD44-positive andCD34-negative. All the three methods could induce BMSCs to differentiate into cardiocytes-like cells with the expression of troponin, among which the growth state of cells in 5-aza group was poor; the cells in the other two groups grew better. The positive-expression rate of cardiac troponin of differentiated cells in the serum of rat with DCM combined 5-aza group was highest. Conclusions In vitro the three methods can induce BMSCs to differentiate into cardiocyte-like cells. The induced effects were better in the medium supplemented with the serum of rat with DCM combined with 5-aza, the myocardium lysate of rat with DCM than that with 5-aza. The cells growth state and differentiation into cardiocyte-like cells were the best in the medium supplemented with serum of rat with DCM combined with 5-aza (5μmol / L).

Objectives Through retrospective analysis of related factors of children’s hypertension what is composed by primary hypertension and secondary hypertension disease as well as analysis of hypertension risk factors, to provide the basis for diagnosis and treatment of hypertension in children. Methods Retrospective analysis of the children who diagnosis with hypertension in patient at the First hospital of Jilin University from January 1, 2003 to Decmber 31, 2013. Diagnostic criteria is in the light of “Zhu Futang Practice of paediatrics” (Seventh Edition). Combined with the hypertension in children with secondary hypertension, which were divided into two categories according to the aetiology of the primary hypertension and secondary hypertension. We research on the proportion of the primary hypertension and secondary hypertension total incidence each year in 10 years. The analysis of relationship between the children’s age, gender, height, weight and other factors in patients with primary hypertension. Results The age of onset were mainly school-age, the average age was 12.25 ± 2.17 years, the median age was 12 years. The proportion of male and female was 3:1, with essential hypertension of 99 cases and secondary hypertension of 164 cases. The cases in each year were 18, 24, 17, 19, 21, 23, 35, 32, 36, 38 from 2003 to 2012. The cases of essential hypertension and secondary hypertension in each year were 3/15, 4/20, 4/13, 3/16, 6/15, 7/16, 17/18, 16/16, 19 / 17,20 / 18. 164 cases of secondary hypertension including 72 cases of renal hypertension, which is accounting for the first of secondary hypertension; followed by 27 cases of cardiovascular disease, including 21 cases of multiple arteritis, 4 cases of aortic stenosis, 2 cases of Kawasaki disease; 24 cases of Endocrine system diseases; 15 cases of central nervous system diseases; 16 cases of drug-induced disease, mainly in patients with long-term use of glucocorticoids; 10 other cases, including infection, stress and other reasons. Essential hypertension there is a rising trend, especially in the last four years, the cases of hypertension increased significantly over the previous six years, and many of these patients are associated with obesity, diagnostic criteria of obesity according to “paediatrics” (eight 2nd edition),among the 99 patients with primary hypertension in children, there are 90 cases achieved obese standard, including 23 cases of mild obesity, 59 cases of moderate obesity, 8 cases of severe obesity. Conclusions Through retrospectively analysed the morbidity of children hypertension in recent 10 years, we found that total incidence of children hypertension increased year by year. The main reason of the rise is an increase in the number of primary hypertension. Among the 99 patients with primary hypertension in children, there are 90 cases achieved obesity standard, which show obesity is one of the important risk factors of childhood hypertension. The age of onset are mainly school-age; More the proportion of boy than girl, this is related to the obesity incidence of boy higher then girl. So avoid obesity is an important measure to reduce the incidence of childhood hypertension. Although the incidence of essential hypertension has a rising trend, but childhood hypertension is still given priority to with secondary hypertension, with renal hypertension accounted for the largest number, followed disease cause of Secondary hypertension by cardiovascular system diseases and Endocrine system hypertension..