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Additional file 1: eTable 1. Primary and secondary outcomes. eTable 2. Baseline characteristics of the included patients according to the type of surgery. eFigure 1. Distribution of PaCO2 Levels According to Allocation Group or Development of Postoperative Delirium.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-docx-5-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-docx-6-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-docx-7-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-aic-10.1177_0310057X20978982 for Ventilatory parameters measured during a physiological study of simulated powered air-purifying respirator failure in healthy volunteers by Lachlan F Miles Philip J Peyton in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

Additional file 1.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-ecx-10.1177_0014402921999825 for Working Conditions and Special Educators’ Reading Instruction for Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders by Hannah Morris Mathews, Jennifer L. Lillis, Elizabeth Bettini, David J. Peyton, Daisy Pua, Rachel Oblath, Nathan D. Jones, Stephen W. Smith and Rachel Sutton in Exceptional Children

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-aic-10.1177_0310057X20905320 for Frequency of hyperoxaemia during and after major surgery by Dharshi Karalapillai, Laurence Weinberg, Philip J Peyton, Louise Ellard, Raymond Hu, Brett Pearce, Chong Tan, David Story, Mark O’Donnell, Patrick Hamilton, Chad Oughton, Jonathan Galtieri, Anthony Wilson, Glenn Eastwood, Rinaldo Bellomo and Daryl Jones in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-2-aic-10.1177_0310057X20905320 for Frequency of hyperoxaemia during and after major surgery by Dharshi Karalapillai, Laurence Weinberg, Philip J Peyton, Louise Ellard, Raymond Hu, Brett Pearce, Chong Tan, David Story, Mark O’Donnell, Patrick Hamilton, Chad Oughton, Jonathan Galtieri, Anthony Wilson, Glenn Eastwood, Rinaldo Bellomo and Daryl Jones in Anaesthesia and Intensive Care

A preprint of a selected technicalpaper for The 19th International Symposium on Zirconium in the Nuclear Industry, sponsored by ASTM Committee B10 on Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloys. The symposium washeld May 20-23, 2019, at The Midland Hotel in Manchester, UK. Abstract: Compression dilatometer tests were used to study the hot deformation response of a Zr-2.5Nballoy over the temperature range 650°C – 850°C and strain rates of10-2.5 s-1 – 10+1 s-1 . Ahigh number of test conditions was used (72, with every test duplicated), in order to assess how differences in data processing influence the resulting relationships between flow stress, temperature and strain-rate. Particular attention was paid to ‘processing maps’, showing strain-rate sensitivity over the processing domain, commonly cited in the field and widely used as a basis to determine optimum processing conditions. Significant variations in these maps were found to depend on the number of data-points included and the fitting procedure used to smooth the data. A finite element (FE) model of the test demonstrates the order of the corrections that can be required to the flow stress and the consequent processing maps due to friction at the platen-workpiece interface, and non-uniform temperature and deformation in the test piece. Changes in crystallographic texture, measured using electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD), illustrate the effect of temperature, strain and strain-rate on the deformation, phase transformation and recrystallization mechanisms. A significant spread in response arises as a result of variation in micro-texture between samples and the tendency for flow to localise, giving rise to scatter in the measurements and generating artefacts in theprocessing map. Although the processing map methodology is strongly affected by experimental uncertainty, a detailed analysis of the final microstructures in the test samples show similar features to those produced during industrial-scale processing, providing insight into the deformation mechanisms in dual-phase Zr-Nb alloys.

Aircraft survivability is a broad subject that encompasses many fields and subjects. An important part of aircraft survivability is fire prevention. Flashes created by ballistic impacts are a very real threat to aircraft because they can start fires or cause explosions. In an effort to better protect against these flashes, this study seeks to further the understanding and characterization of them. Recent research on this subject has been greatly helped by the use of high-speed video footage of flash events. This footage has led to new algorithms and methodologies for how to characterize a flash. A preliminary predictive model of a flash event has already been made, but needs to be refined before implementation. This research effort is dedicated to further refining and developing this predictive model by finding a new time series model that more aptly describes the shape of the analyzed data. To this end, new data have been created and analyzed, and a new predictive flash model has been created. This model has been validated and proven to be adequate. Even though there is some amount of work that can still be done to enhance it, it is recommended that this model be implemented into the current flash prediction tools.

We present the results of simultaneous measurements of the flow field in a slab casting mould by the Contactless Inductive Flow Tomography (CIFT) and of the gas/liquid distribution in one cross section of the submerged entry nozzle (SEN) by the Mutual Inductance Tomography (MIT) for a physical model consisting of a mould with the cross section of 140 x 35 mm^2. Additionally, we present a new measuring system for CIFT using pickup coils and the first measurement of the flow field in a mould with the cross section of 400 x 100 mm^2.

Electromagnetic non-destructive testing techniques provide an attractive solution to the problem of monitoring microstructural changes in steels undergoing heat treatment as they are non-contact, have a short response time and are relatively inexpensive. However, to take full advantage of these techniques it is necessary to be able accurately measure the magnetisation characteristics of the materials of interest at temperatures up to the Curie point. This paper details the development of a novel high temperature Epstein frame for installation in a furnace with the design informed and results validated by finite element modelling. Hysteresis loop characteristics are successfully measured for a dual phase steel up to the Curie point for heating and cooling. Results show the developed system has the potential to provide valuable data to inform online electromagnetic monitoring systems.

Compression dilatometer tests were used to study the hot deformation response of a zirconium (Zr)-2.5% niobium (Nb) alloy over the temperature range 650°C to 850°C and strain rates of 10−2.5 s−1 to 10+1 s−1. A high number of test conditions was used (72, with every test duplicated) in order to assess how differences in data processing influence the resulting relationships among flow stress, temperature, and strain rate. Particular attention was paid to processing maps, showing strain-rate sensitivity over the processing domain, commonly cited in the field and widely used as a basis to determine optimum processing conditions. Significant variations in these maps were found to depend on the number of data points included and the fitting procedure used to smooth the data. A finite element model of the test demonstrates the order of the corrections that can be required to the flow stress and the consequent processing maps due to friction at the platen-workpiece interface and nonuniform temperature and deformation in the test piece. Changes in crystallographic texture, measured using electron-backscatter diffraction, illustrate the effect of temperature, strain, and strain rate on the deformation, phase transformation, and recrystallization mechanisms. A significant spread in response arises as a result of variation in microtexture among samples and the tendency for flow to localize, giving rise to scatter in the measurements and generating artifacts in the processing map. Although the processing map methodology is strongly affected by experimental uncertainty, a detailed analysis of the final microstructures in the test samples shows similar features to those produced during industrial-scale processing, providing insight into the deformation mechanisms in dual-phase Zr-Nb alloys.

9%Cr steels have been in use in power generation for over 20 years. Over this time, there have been a number of incidents of failure by Type IV cracking at welds initiating sub-surface, making surface inspection procedures unsuitable for crack detection. Replication to identify creep cavitation damage can potentially give an early warning of imminent cracking, but has proved unsuccessful in high Cr martensitic steels. Electromagnetic (EM) inspection can provide fast inspection of welded components with minimal surface preparation and some increase in inspection depth. This paper shows the results of accelerated creep tests carried out on a P91 pressure vessel, with EM inspections during regular test interruptions. The results show that EM inspection gave indications of damage in the latter stages of creep cavitation. EM is considered to have the potential for quick assessment of component through thickness damage, flagging up locations of potential problems for more detailed investigation.

In this paper, an inverse method was developed which can, in principle, reconstruct arbitrary permeability, conductivity, thickness, and lift-off with a multi-frequency electromagnetic sensor from inductance spectroscopic measurements. Both the finite element method and the Dodd & Deeds formulation are used to solve the forward problem during the inversion process. For the inverse solution, a modified Newton-Raphson method was used to adjust each set of parameters (permeability, conductivity, thickness, and lift-off) to fit inductances (measured or simulated) in a least-squared sense because of its known convergence properties. The approximate Jacobian matrix (sensitivity matrix) for each set of the parameter is obtained by the perturbation method. Results from an industrial-scale multi-frequency sensor are presented including the effects of noise. The results are verified with measurements and simulations of selected cases. The findings are significant because they show for the first time that the inductance spectra can be inverted in practice to determine the key values (permeability, conductivity, thickness, and lift-off) with a relative error of less than 5% during the thermal processing of metallic plates.

The magnetic dipole polarizability tensor of a metallic object gives unique information about the size, shape and electromagnetic properties of the object. In this paper, we present a novel method of coin characterization based on the spectroscopic response of the absolute tensor. The experimental measurements are validated using a combination of tests with a small set of bespoke coin surrogates and simulated data. The method is applied to an uncirculated set of US coins. Measured and simulated spectroscopic tensor responses of the coins show significant differences between different coin denominations. The presented results are encouraging as they strongly demonstrate the ability to characterize coins using an absolute tensor approach.

Analysis of the electromagnetic (EM) properties of power station steels, measured using a non-contact magnetic sensor, is of significance as such properties are indicative of the microstructure of the material and can be potentially exploited for non-destructive testing. In this paper, we present EM measurements of cylindrical power station steel samples (P9 and T22 grades) with different microstructures: normalised and tempered (representative of the initial condition), as normalised and after service exposure. In order to obtain the magnetic properties the B-H curves of these samples were measured. Cylindrical air-cored and printed circuit board (PCB) coil integrated sensors were used to measure the incremental permeability. Analytical and numerical methods (Finite Elements Methods) were employed to calculate the sensor response of these samples. The electromagnetic properties of the different steels were inferred by fitting the finite element models to the measured results. In addition, sensitivity and error analysis were carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the method. ?? 2013 Elsevier B.V. cited By (since 1996)1

This paper describes a novel inversion algorithm for determining the 3-D position coordinates and environmental complex permittivity of wireless nodes embedded in a dispersive propagation media. In this paper, wireless sensors are considered to form part of a network for monitoring salient parameters, such as temperature and humidity, in large wheat-filled storage vessels, where the highly reflective nature of the propagation environment engenders extreme multipath effects. Under such conditions, the inherent difficulties in deriving reliable pulse propagation delay and amplitude estimates greatly diminishes the effectiveness of conventional free-space positioning methods. These limitations have lead to the development of alternative inversion techniques capable of retrieving both geometric positioning and electromagnetic propagation data. The inversion algorithm developed within is formulated as a nonlinear least squares problem in which the misfit between time domain positioning measurements and modeled data is minimized via application of a novel minimum single-level linkage optimization algorithm. In developing a more refined propagation forward solution incorporating position coordinates, host media electromagnetic properties and antenna radiation patterns, accurate positioning resolutions and macroscopic permittivity estimates are obtained under challenging propagation conditions. ?? 2013 IEEE. cited By (since 1996)0

With the UK's aging power generation network, life-extension of steel plant components is a critical issue. However, in order to evaluate the likelihood of component failure, techniques must be developed to properly assess the level of degradation in power station steels. Electromagnetic inspection has the potential to quantify the level of degradation through in-situ measurements at elevated temperatures. This paper reports the results of tests carried out on thermally treated P9 and T22 steel samples with different microstructural states using major and minor B-H loop measurements and magnetic Barkhausen noise measurements. The results show that by careful selection of minor loop parameters, specific to the material under inspection and the material change under consideration, correlations can established between EM properties and material properties such as Vickers hardness. These results will be used as a basis for the further development of a fully field deployable device. ?? 2014 Elsevier B.V. cited By (since 1996)1

Comparatively little field work on nesting behavior of birds has been done in Micronesia, and information is lacking on eggs or nests of many species indigenous to Truk Atoll. Most collections of eggs were made in the nineteenth century when the islands were under Spanish and later German occupation. Inaccessibility of the islands and hostility of the natives often made intensive field studies difficult. During the Japanese Administration of Truk, from 1914 to 1945, a veil of secrecy enshrouded the area and few western investigators were permitted to collect there. Since 1945, limited work in ornithology has been done. The present study was conducted from October, 1957, to March, 1960. During this time, nests and eggs of 27 of the 29 breeding birds of Truk were collected as well as those of Pha~thon rubricauda rothschildi which visits this island but nests in the Marianas Islands. Considerable previously unreported information on nesting dates, egg descriptions, clutch size, nest construction, and location of nests was obtained. Nests and eggs of Ducula oceanica teraokai and Rukia ruki were not obtained. These two species are the rarest birds on the atoll, and although sight records of D. oceanica were made, Rukia ruki was never observed during my two and one-half years' residence. I could find no descriptions in the literature of eggs or nesting habits of Erythrura trichroa clara, Collocalia inquieta rukensis or Anas poecilorhyncha pelewensis nor could I find specific reference to collections on Truk of eggs of Phadthon lepturus dorotheae, Demigretta sacra sacra, Nycticorax caledonicus pelewensis, Ixobrychus sinensis, Poliolimnas cinereus micronesiae, Sterna sumatrana sumatrana, Sterna fuscata oahuensis, Anous tenuirostris marcusi, Gygis alba pacifica, and Gallicolumba xanthonura kubaryi. Of this latter group, collections had been made previously in several cases on islands other than Truk in the Caroline Archipelago where in some instances ecological conditions differed. Nests and eggs collected on Truk Atoll have been deposited in the United States National Museum, The American Museum of Natural History, and the oological collections of James B. Dixon, Sidney B. Peyton, Donald J. Nicholson, Wilson C. Hanna, William Stribling, William E. Griffee, Laurie Stevens, Robert Pickering, Dan B. Bull, Edward Hall, Ed. Jay Court, and Col. L. R. Wolfe.

1 Bulewicz, E. M. and Padley, P. J., "A. cyclotron resonance study of ionization in low-pressure flames," Ninth International Symposium on Combustion (Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1963). 2 Azatian, V. V., Panilov, V. N., and Nalbandyan, A. B., "EPR detection of N atoms in CO-O2 flame in the presence of molecular H2," Kinetika i Kataliz 2 (March-April 1961). 3 Balakhin, V. P., Gershenson, Y. M., Kondrat'ev, V. N., and Nalbandyan, A. B., "Measurement of the concentration of atomic oxygen and hydrogen in dilute hydrogen flame by the EPR method," Akad. Nuak SSSR Dokl. 154, 883 (1964). 4 Balakhin, V. P., Gershenson, Y. M., Kondrat'ev, V. N., and Nalbandyan, A. B., "Detection of a free hydroxyl in a rarefied hydrogen flame by the EPR method," Akad. Nauk SSSR Dokl. 154,1142 (1964). 6 Westenberg, A. A. and Fristrom, R. M., "H and O atom profiles measured by ESR in C2 hydrocarbon-02 flames," Tenth Symposium (International) on Combustion Preprint (August 1964). 6 Dousmanis, G. C., Sanders, T. M., Jr., and Townes, C. H., "Microwave spectra of the free radicals OH and OD," Phys. Rev. 100,1735(1955). 7 Arams, F. R. and Peyton, B. J., "Eight-millimeter travelingwave maser and maser-radiometer system," Proc. Inst. Elec. Electron. Engrs. 53, 1964 (January 1965). 8 "IRE standards on electron tubes: definition of terms," Proc. Inst. Elec. Electron. Engrs. 51, 434 (1963). 9 "Wolfhard, H. et al., "Research program on ionization in a rocket plume," Final Report, Contract AF 19(604)-7284, Thiokol Chemical Co. (March 1962). 10 Moore, G. E., "Experimental studies of some electrical properties of seeded flame gases," ARS Paper 2590-62 (October 1962). 11 Mukerjee, N. R., "Ionization mechanism and ion population in flames," ARS Paper 2584-62 (October 1962). 12 Brown, S. C., American Institute of Physics Handbook (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1957), pp. 7-174 ff. 13 Gilmore, F. R., "Equilibrium composition and thermodynamic properties of air to 24,000°K," Rand Corp. Rept. RM-1543 (August 1955). 14 Wacker, P. F. and Pratto, M. R., "Microwave spectro tables," Line Strength of Asymetric Rotors, Vol. 2, Nat. Bur. Std. (U.S.) Monograph 70 (December 1964). 15 Schiff, L. I., Quantum Mechanics (McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York, 1955), 2nd ed.

tProfessor of Law Emeritus, University of Pennsylvania. 1. See Beale, Criminal Attempts, 16 HARV. L. REV. 491 (1903); Hoyles, The Essentials of Crime, 46 CAN. L.J. 393, 404 (1910); Cook, Act, Intention and Motive in the Criminal Law, 26 YALE L.J. 645 (1917); Sayre, Criiminal Attempts, 41 HARV. L. REV. 821 (1928) ; Tulin, The Role of Penalties in the Criminal Law, 37 YALE L.J. 1048 (1928) ; Arnold, Criminal Attempts-The Rise and Fall of an Abstraction, 40 YALE L.J. 53 (1930) ; Curran, Criminal and Non-Criminal Attempts, 19 GEO. L.J. 185, 316 (1931); Strahorn, The Effect of Impossibility on Criminal Attempts, 78 U. OF PA. L. REV. 962 (1930); Derby, Criminal Attempt-A Discussion of Some New York Cases, 9 N.Y.U.L.Q. REv. 464 (1932); Turner, Attempts to Commit Crimes, 5 CAMB. L.J. 230 (1934); Skilton, The Mental Element in a Criminal Attempt, 3 U. OF Pirr. L. REV. 181 (1937); Skilton, The Requisite Act in a Criminal Attempt, 3 U. OF PITT. L. REV. 308 (1937); Hitchler, Criminal Attempts, 43 DICK. L. REV. 211 (1939); Strahorn, Preparation for Crime as a Criminal Attempt, 1 WASH. & LEE L. REV. 1 (1939); HALL, GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW, cc. 3 and 4 (1947); Edwards, Criminal Attempts, 15 MOD. L. REV. 345 (1952). For a history of the English law of criminal attempts see, Sayre, supra at 821837; Curran, supra at 191-202; HALL, op. cit. supra at 61-88. 2. "This doctrine of attempt to commit a substantive crime is one of the most important, and at the same time most intricate, titles of the criminal law." Peyton, C. J., in Cunningham v. State, 49 Miss. 685, 701 (1874). "The subject of this chapter [Attempt] is alike intricate and important. The reports are full of cases upon it, yet it is but imperfectly understood by the courts." 1 BISHOP, CRIMINAL LAW ? 725.1 (8th ed. 1892). 3. For example, a Georgia statute provides that "If any person shall attempt to commit a crime and in such attempt shall do any act toward the commission of such crime, but shall fail in the perpetration thereof, or shall be prevented or intercepted from executing the same, he shall . . . be punished. . ." GA. CODE ANN. tit. 27, ? 2507 (1953). The Georgia Supreme Court in applying this statute, which was enacted in 1833, stated that "The word 'attempt' ordinarily implies an act, an effort, but the General Assembly, in this statute, uses it as synonymous with 'intend'." McDonald, J., in Griffin v. State, 26 Ga. 493, 497 (1858). The Supreme Judicial Court of Massachusetts, referring to a similar statute, stated that it created "a peculiar statutory offense." Fletcher, J., in Commonwealth v. McDonald, 5 Cush. 365, 366 (Mass. 1850). Under a similar statute in New York a solicitation was held to constitute an attempt. People v. Bush, 4 Hill 133 (N.Y. 1843). The present statutory definition of attempt in that state is "An act, done with intent to commit a crime, and tending but failing to effect its commission. . . ." N.Y. PENAL LAW ? 2. This provision was held to include a solicitation. People v. Bloom, 149 App. Div. 295, 133 N.Y. Supp. 708 (2d Dep't 1912). 4. Assault is sometimes defined as an attempted battery. Lane v. State, 85 Ala. 11. 4 So. 730 (1887): Commonwealth v. Remley. 257 Ky. 209. 77 S.W.2d 784