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Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Gerbera breeding lines 06–245-03 (left) susceptible to powdery mildew (PM) and UFGE 4033 (right), resistant to PM used for RNA-sequencing. Fig. S2. Powdery mildew (PM) symptoms in gerbera A) Whole plant infected with PM B) White fungal spores on the adaxial leaf surface C) White PM spores on capitulum D) White PM spores observed on the peduncle and lower flower surface E) PM conidia as observed under a microscope with a 40x objective. Fig. S3. Functional annotation analysis of gerbera RNA-seq data of powdery mildew resistance and susceptible breeding lines using Blast2GO. Fig. S4. Top-hits species distribution of gerbera transcriptome by comparing gerbera transcripts to the viridiplantae database using Blast2GO. Fig. S5. Histogram showing the frequency distribution of gerbera transcripts with which the number of Gene Ontology (GO)-terms are associated. The figure was created using Blast2GO analysis. Fig. S6. Annotation of Gene Ontology-terms assigned to the gerbera transcriptome using WEGO2.0 analysis. Fig. S7. Frequency distribution of enzyme class distribution of gerbera transcripts using Blast2GO. Fig. S8. Frequency distribution of Gene Ontology (GO)-Terms that were enriched among the differentially expressed gerbera transcripts.

Aphelenchoides besseyi and A. pseudogoodeyi are two foliar nematodes associated with strawberry in Florida. In 2016, A. besseyi was found on several strawberry farms in Florida, causing severe stunting and considerable damage. Recent surveys in Florida strawberry fields have revealed the presence of many other Aphelenchoides spp. One of those is a newly discovered species, A. pseudogoodeyi, which appears to be a strictly fungal feeding nematode (Oliveira et al., 2019). It is hypothesized that both nematode species could feed and reproduced on fungi present in the soil, which could serve as a reservoir of theses nematodes and contribute for an increase of their populations at the end of the crop season. Feeding and reproductive abilities of these two nematodes were assessed on Florida isolates of four fungi pathogenic to strawberry; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Macrophomina phaseolina, Pestalotiopsis clavispora, and Botrytis cinerea, one non-pathogenic; Fusarium oxysporum and one fungus pathogenic to peach; Monilinia fructicola. Aphelenchoides besseyi’s reproduction were significantly higher (p-value B. cinerea, C. gloesporioides, and P. clarispora than on the non-pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum, and M. fructicola. On the contrary, A. pseudogoodeyi’s reproductive rates did not differ across the fungus cultures. Macrophomina phaseolina was an exception because it did not produce mycelium in the medium used being a poor host for both nematode. Furthermore, initial stages (Egg and Juveniles) of A. pseudogoodeyi were significantly higher than adults. On the other hand, A. besseyi dwelled in adult stages (Females and males). Our findings indicate that A. besseyi, which adults if more often found, is more selective in its feeding preference on fungi than A. pseudogoodeyi. Fungi play an important role in maintaining the populations of the two nematodes in the soil. Furthermore, the strawberry pathogenic fungi on residues of strawberry plants perpetuate A. besseyi infestation in Florida strawberry fields. The removal of strawberry plants residues infected by fungi is a desirable and effective management practice to suppress A. besseyi in commercial strawberry field in Central Florida.

Annotated and correct FvELP3 CDS. Figure S2. Amino acid alignments between AtELPs and FvELPs. Table S1. Primers used in this study. (DOCX 260Â kb)

Annotated and correct FvELP3 CDS. Figure S2. Amino acid alignments between AtELPs and FvELPs. Table S1. Primers used in this study. (DOCX 260Â kb)

La antracnosis es una enfermedad causada por varias especies del género Colletotrichum en diferentes hospederos. C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides son especies morfológicamente similares, que pueden causar síntomas similares en el mismo hospedero. Se colectaron 220 aislamientos de Colletotrichum de muestras con síntomas típicos de antracnosis en helecho hoja de cuero (Rumohra adiantiformis), limón criollo (Citrus aurantifolia), carambola (Averrhoa carambola), papaya (Carica papaya) y mango (Mangifera indica) en Costa Rica y Florida, Estados Unidos. Los aislamientos se caracterizaron por morfología de colonia, sensibilidad al benomil, y PCR con los iniciadores específicos para C. acutatum y C. gloeosporioides CaInt2 y Cg/fInt1, respectivamente; también se analizó la morfología de las colonias de ambas especies. De los 85 aislamientos obtenidos de mango, todos los aislamientos de Florida fueron identificados como C. acutatum, mientras que todos los aislamientos de Costa Rica fueron C. gloeosporioides. De los 60 aislamientos de carambola, 3 provenientes de Costa Rica fueron C. acutatum (primer informe) y el resto fueron C. gloeosporioides. Todos los aislamientos de helecho hoja de cuero (25 aislamientos) y de limón criollo (25 aislamientos) se identificaron como C. acutatum. Los demás aislamientos de carambola y mango así como todos los aislamientos de papaya, se identificaron como C. gloeosporioides. No se encontró diferenciación de síntomas entre ambas especies sobre los hospederos donde se encontraron.