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У статті розглянуто явище синестезії, яке позначає поєднання двох чи більше фізично розділених сфер сприйняття. Наукові студії даного феномену сягають початку XVIII століття і стосуються цілої низки наук, як-от медицина, психологія, філософія, мистецтвознавство. Віднедавна синестезію активно досліджують у літературознавстві та лінгвістиці. Дотепер немає єдиної дефініції, яка б охоплювала результати досліджень цих галузей. У розвідці проаналізовано явище синестезії в наукових працях із вищезгаданих дисциплін, наведено приклади зразків різного роду синестетичних модальностей. У результаті узагальнення науково-теоретичних підходів щодо тлумачення синестезії зазначаємо, що всі дослідження цього явища об’єднує той факт, що невеликий відсоток людей наділений здатністю до відчуття, яке супроводжується співвідчуттям іншої модальності. З медичного погляду це тривалий час уважали хворобою. Роботи в галузі психології розглядають синестезію суто як психічний феномен. З погляду філософії йдеться про здатність висловлювати враження в понятті, поєднання усвідомленого та неусвідомленого. У мистецтвознавстві злиття відчуттів веде до нового витвору. У літературознавстві та лінгвістиці мовиться про «інтермодальні властивості», мовну форму, підкатегорію метафори. Закцентовано увагу на структурних і морфологічних особливостях літературних синестетичних явищ, наведено приклади синтаксично-семантичних форм мовної синестезії. Основною метою роботи визначено огляд різних підходів і розроблення власного визначення, яке буде релевантним для подальшого дослідження художнього явища синестезії в мовному й естетичному аспектах. Стверджується, що синестезія – це особливе світосприйняття, що поєднує дві чи більше розділені сфери сприйняття, усвідомлене та неусвідомлене, репрезентується через мову. Перспективою майбутніх наукових досліджень у цьому напрямі є аналіз мовно вираженої синестезії в художньому творі.

Despite the conceptual proximity between the basic needs and agency and communion and their similar function for psychological functioning, studies investigating their interplay are scarce. This study aims to investigate their joint role in hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in light of the COVID-19 pandemic. Self-reports were collected from 13,313 adolescents (Sample 1) and 1,707 young adults (Sample 2) from Austria. The results show the importance of both agency and communion for the fulfillment of different basic needs and their role in well-being, with a universal interaction effect between communion and perceived competence on intrinsic motivation (eudaimonic aspect) in both gender groups in adolescence, as well as on positive emotions (hedonic aspect) among young women. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Das österreichischen RJ-Verfahren in Form des Tatausgleichs findet seine gesetzliche Basis als eine diversionelle Maßnahme. Die vom Verein NEUSTART organisierte Praxis weist eine große Bandbreite der Bearbeitungsweisen aus. Sie beruhen auf einer interaktionistischen Betrachtungsweise, das heißt einem Verständnis des RJ-Prozesses als unterstützte Interaktion der Betroffenen mit dem Ziel einer Aufarbeitung des Konflikts. Die Wirkung dieser Prozesse reicht von einem einfachen „Ausgleich“ der entstandenen Schmerzen und Beeinträchtigungen bis hin zu einem tiefgreifenden Empowerment des Opfers und einer Verhaltensänderung von Beschuldigten insbesondere in den Fällen von Gewalt in Partnerschafts- und Familienbeziehungen. Diese Praxiserfahrungen werden unterstützt durch empirische Evidenz aus nationalen und international vergleichenden wissenschaftlichen Studien. Ein Verbleiben von RJ-Verfahren ausschließlich im Diversionsmodus ist vor diesem Hintergrund und angesichts dieser Erfahrungen nicht zu rechtfertigen. Vielmehr sollen Möglichkeiten für einen „Restorativen Dialog“ in allen Phasen des Strafverfahrens geschaffen werden.

The paper presents a review of the book by Petar Ristanović, Kosovsko pitanje 1974–1989 (The Kosovo Question 1974–1989). The results of Ristanović‘s work are placed in the context of previous knowledge on this topic.

Drawing on video data collected between June and September of 2020, this piece reveals the unique challenges presented by COVID-19 frontline domestic abuse workers in the UK and provides critical reflections from the authors in the form of a collective interview. This innovative study uses participant-led data collection (in the form of self-recorded video diaries) and filmed focus groups with CEOs of UK charities, parliamentarians, the police and NHS professionals. The authors produced a film, Lifeline, drawing on the knowledge produced from these focus groups and video-diaries, foregrounding the voices of the women who work in this sector. The conversation presented here unpacks the complexities of representing domestic violence provision both in creative and academic outputs. Furthermore, the conversation reveals the epistemological challenges that come with representing and understanding the impact of COVID-19 on the domestic violence sector.

The article describes the procedure for performing international bilateral comparisons of the national measurement standards of the units of gas volume and volume flow in Ukraine and Moldova. The comparisons were carried out within COOMET Project 684/MD/16 “Pilot comparisons of national standards in the field of gas flow”. The list of reference standards that took part in comparisons is indicated. The range of gas volume flow, in which the comparisons were carried out, is from 0.5 m3/h to 50 m3/h. For the flow range from 0.5 m3/h to 1 m3/h, a drum-type meter was used, and for the range from 2 m3/h to 50 m3/h, comparisons were performed using a rotary gas meter. It is indicated that the national state primary and secondary standards of the gas volume and volume flow units took part in the comparisons from Ukraine, while from Moldova it was the national standard of the gas volume flow unit. A brief description of the national measurement standards and the principle of reproduction of the gas volume and volume flow units is presented. In particular, it was noted that the primary and secondary standards of Ukraine are built on the basis of bell-type prover, and the standard of Moldova combines a piston and bell-type prover. The method of calculating, calculation of expanded uncertainty and determining the degree of equivalence of the national standards of Ukraine and Moldova are demonstrated. The results of bilateral comparisons in the form of Table 1 are presented and shown in Fig. 4. The degree of equivalence of the national standards does not exceed 0.41, which indicates that the primary and secondary standards reproduce the gas volume and volume flow units with declared uncertainties, and transfer standards retain their metrological characteristics throughout the cycle of comparisons. General conclusions are drawn about the success of bilateral comparisons.

The spread of COVID-19 led to an interruption of physical school attendance for around 1.6 billion students worldwide. During the school closures, schools switched to digital teaching which created a unique situation for all students but especially for groups disadvantaged in the (virtual) classroom. The current study is theoretically based on the situated expectancy-value theory that argues that an individual's motivation is shaped by their social identities. Following the intersectionality framework, the impact of gender and first language on motivation is examined simultaneously. The chapter presents an empirical study of motivation and perceived teacher support for digital learning among 19,337 secondary school students from Austria, shortly after the first pandemic-induced school closures in spring 2020. Results show differences in perceived teacher support, competence beliefs, intrinsic value, and engagement regarding digital learning between students of different gender and first languages. Practical and theoretical implications of the study's findings are discussed.

Stress plays a big role in the careers of traditional and esports athletes. Perceived stressors by the athletes can impact their performance and mental health. Even though the organizations and environments in which the athletes are active can have a substantial influence on the perceived stress, organizational stressors in esports have been little researched. In addition, interview studies have currently only been conducted with active esport athletes. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify organizational stressors and corresponding coping strategies at different career stages through semi-structured interviews with prospective, active, and former esport athletes. The findings gained from this study could help to develop targeted recommendations for esports organizations as well as sport psychological interventions in coping with stress.

Objective Genetic variants spanning the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 L3 (UBE2L3) gene are associated with increased expression of the UBE2L3-encoded E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UbcH7, that facilitates activation of proinflammatory NF-κB signaling, and susceptibility to autoimmune diseases. This study aims to delineate how genetic variants carried on the UBE2L3-YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype function to drive hypermorphic UBE2L3 expression. Methods We used bioinformatic analyses, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and luciferase reporter assays to identify and functionally characterize allele-specific effects of risk variants positioned in chromatin accessible regions of immune cells. Chromatin conformation capture (3C)-qPCR, ChIP-qPCR, and siRNA knockdown assays were performed on patient-derived EBV-transformed B cells homozygous for the UBE2L3-YDJC non-risk or risk haplotype to determine if the risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression by altering the regulatory chromatin architecture in the region. Results Five of the seven prioritized variants demonstrated allele-specific increases in nuclear protein binding affinity and regulatory activity. HiChIP and 3C-qPCR uncovered a long-range interaction between the UBE2L3 promoter (rs140490, rs140491, rs11089620) and downstream YDJC promoter (rs3747093) that was strengthened in the presence of the UBE2L3-YDJC risk haplotype, and correlated with the loss of CTCF binding and gain of YY1 binding at the risk alleles. Depleting YY1 by siRNA disrupted the long-range interaction between the two promoters and reduced UBE2L3 expression. Conclusion The UBE2L3-YDJC autoimmune risk haplotype increases UBE2L3 expression through strengthening a YY1-mediated interaction between the UBE2L3 and YDJC promoters.

Highlights: (1) Adequate preparation (e.g., providing technical equipment, didactical adaptation of teaching materials, fostering digital literacy in students …) is needed for distance learning to succeed.(2) Disadvantaged students need special support to avert a widening of the educational gap between students from different social backgrounds and with different learning abilities.(3) Distance and online learning should be designed to address the satisfaction of basic psychological needs to promote student well-being and positive learning outcomes.

Delays in the completion of joint actions are sometimes unavoidable. How should a robot communicate that it cannot immediately act or respond in a collaborative task? Drawing on video recordings of a face scanning activity in family homes, we investigate how humans make sense of a Cozmo robot’s delays on a moment-by-moment basis. Cozmo’s sounds and embodied actions are recognized as indicators of delay but encourage human participants to act in ways that undermine the scanning process. In comparing the robot’s delay management strategies with human-human vocal and embodied practices, we demonstrate key differences in the sequences that impact how the robot is understood. The study demonstrates how delay events are accomplished as embodied displays that are distributed across co-participants. We present a framework for making delay transparent through situated explanations, particularly in the form of non-lexical sounds and bodily actions.

Conceptualizing agency is a long-standing theoretical concern. Taking an ethnomethodological and conversation analytic perspective, we explore agency as the oriented to capacity to produce situationally and sequentially relevant action. Drawing on video recordings of families interacting with the Cozmo toy robot, we present a multimodal analysis of a single episode featuring a variety of rapidly interchanging forms of robotic (non-)agency. We demonstrate how agency is ongoingly constituted in situated interaction between humans and a robot. Describing different ways in which the robot’s statuses as either an agent or an object are interactionally embodied into being, we distinguish “autonomous” agency, hybrid agency, ascribed agency, potential agency and non-agency.

For improving health literacy (HL) by national and international public health policy, measuring population HL by a comprehensive instrument is needed. A short instrument, the HLSFor factorial validity/dimensionality, Cronbach alphas, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Rasch model (RM), and Partial Credit Model (PCM) were used. For discriminant validity, correlation analysis, and for concurrent predictive validity, linear regression analysis were carried out.The Cronbach alpha coefficients are above 0.7. The fit indices for the single-factor CFAs indicate a good model fit. Some items show differential item functioning in certain country data sets. The regression analyses demonstrate an association of the HLSThe HLS

The circadian clock modulates key physiological processes in many organisms. This widespread role of circadian rhythms is typically characterized at the molecular level by profiling the transcriptome at multiple time points. Subsequent analysis identifies transcripts with altered rhythms between control and perturbed conditions, that is, are differentially rhythmic (DiffR). Commonly, Venn diagram analysis (VDA) compares lists of rhythmic transcripts to catalog transcripts with rhythms in both conditions, or that have gained or lost rhythms. However, unavoidable errors in rhythmicity detection propagate to the final DiffR classification resulting in overestimated DiffR. We show using artificial experiments on biological data that VDA indeed produces excessive false DiffR hits both in the presence and absence of true DiffR transcripts. We review and benchmark hypothesis testing and model selection approaches that instead compare circadian amplitude and phase of transcripts between the two conditions. These methods identify transcripts that ‘gain’, ‘lose’, ‘change’, or have the ‘same’ rhythms; the third category is missed by VDA. We reanalyzed three studies on the interplay between metabolism and the clock in the mouse liver that used VDA. We found not only fewer DiffR transcripts than originally reported, but VDA overlooked many relevant DiffR transcripts. Our analyses confirmed some and contradicted other conclusions in the original studies and also generated novel insights. Our conclusions equally apply to circadian studies using other omics technologies. We believe that avoiding Venn diagrams and using our convenient r‐package comparerhythms will improve the reliability of analyses in chronobiology., Comparing rhythms with and without an intervention reveals the functioning of the circadian system. High‐throughput studies of clock outputs (transcripts, proteins, etc.) typically compare lists of rhythmic outputs in each condition using Venn diagrams. This approach incorrectly predicts too many altered rhythms, while also overlooking some rhythm changes. Direct comparison of amplitudes and phases using R‐package comparerhythms fixes this problem and reveals limited circadian remodeling due to metabolic changes. image

To manoeuvre a complex and fragmented health care system, people need sufficient navigational health literacy (NAV-HL). The objective of this study was to validate the HLS

TNFAIP3/A20 is a prominent autoimmune disease risk locus that is correlated with hypomorphic TNFAIP3 expression and exhibits complex chromatin architecture with over 30 predicted enhancers. This study aimed to functionally characterize an enhancer ∼55 kb upstream of the TNFAIP3 promoter marked by the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk haplotype index SNP, rs10499197. Allele effects of rs10499197, rs58905141, and rs9494868 were tested by EMSA and/or luciferase reporter assays in immune cell types. Co-immunoprecipitation, ChIP-qPCR, and 3C-qPCR were performed on patient-derived EBV B cells homozygous for the non-risk or SLE risk TNFAIP3 haplotype to assess haplotype-specific effects on transcription factor binding and chromatin regulation at the TNFAIP3 locus. This study found that the TNFAIP3 locus has a complex chromatin regulatory network that spans ∼1M bp from the promoter region of IL20RA to the 3′ untranslated region of TNFAIP3. Functional dissection of the enhancer demonstrated co-dependency of the RelA/p65 and CEBPB binding motifs that, together, increase IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression and decreased TNFAIP3 expression in the context of the TNFAIP3 SLE risk haplotype through dynamic long-range interactions up- and downstream. Examination of SNPs in linkage disequilibrium (D’ = 1.0) with rs10499197 identified rs9494868 as a functional SNP with risk allele-specific increase in nuclear factor binding and enhancer activation in vitro. In summary, this study demonstrates that SNPs carried on the ∼109 kb SLE risk haplotype facilitate hypermorphic IL20RA and IFNGR1 expression, while suppressing TNFAIP3 expression, adding to the mechanistic potency of this critically important locus in autoimmune disease pathology.

A 17-country study conducted during and after the first wave of the 2020 Covid-19 pandemic, focused on basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, social relatedness), intrinsic learning motivation, procrastination and persistence.

Johann Jacob Bodmer entwirft eine lebensweltlich verankerte Ästhetik. Er begründet sie in ethischen Praktiken, die er im Alltag beobachtet und reflektiert. Eine lebensweltlich verankerte Ästhetik – dies ist das groß angelegte Projekt, das Johann Jacob Bodmer in seinen ästhetischen Schriften verfolgt. Dabei leitet er ästhetische Theorien aus ethischen Praktiken ab, die er in allen Bereichen des Alltags beobachtet und reflektiert: Praktiken des Essens, der Körperpflege und der Gestaltung des Umfelds, Praktiken der Bildung, des Lesens, der Literatur- und Kunstkritik, der Gelehrsamkeit und des Glaubens, Praktiken des Einbildens, des Staunens und des Empfindens. Dadurch stellt er die Theorie der unteren Erkenntnisvermögen, die am Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts auf die Diskursivitätsbegründung der modernen Ästhetik in der Jahrhundertmitte wartet, vom philosophischen Kopf auf die pragmatischen Füße. Die Beiträge loten das Potenzial dieses Zusammenhangs von Ethik und Ästhetik aus und liefern damit eine neue Bewertung der so genannten Heteronomieästhetik. Das methodische Fundament für dieses Unterfangen bildet die soziologische Praxeologie, die dabei hilft, Bodmers Diskurspraktik zu profilieren, in der ethische und ästhetische Begriffe stets in wechselseitiger Abhängigkeit aufeinander bezogen werden.

Sufficient communicative health literacy (COM-HL) is important for patients actively participating in dialogue with physicians, expressing their needs and desires for treatment, and asking clarifying questions. There is a lack of instruments combining communication and HL proficiency. Hence, the aim was to establish an instrument with sufficient psychometric properties for measuring COM-HL.The HLSThe 11-item version (HLSThe HLS

The article describes the implemented system of pneumatic lifting of the bell of the state primary standard gas volume and volume flow rate units. The system is composed of unified elements of industrial air preparation. There are elements for air purification in front of the compressor, dehumidifier, refrigerator dryer. With the use of a pneumatic system, the bell can be filled with prepared air with different values of excess pressure. The system is installed as a backup to the current to increase security. Pneumatic lifting of the bell allows you to connect a set of cylinders with pure inert gases or mixtures thereof to determine the impact on the gas meters metrological characteristics.

Comprehensive spatial and temporal data on sediment quality in the Adriatic Sea are lacking. Therefore, prior to planned anthropogenic interventions in the local marine environment, such as deepening of the Rovinj harbour, the results of physicochemical and ecotoxicological analyses of five local coastal sediments were compared with regional averages and SQGs of neighbouring countries. Analyses of sediment grain size, content of metals and heavy metals, PAHs and PCBs were performed according to standard protocols. Sediment quality was classified according to French legislation (N1 and N2 level) and sediment guidelines. The phytotoxicity of the eluates was studied by flax seed germination tests. The logistic regression models Pmax and Pavg were used to estimate the probability of toxic effects. Except for the open sea (S5), all other sediments had concentrations slightly higher than the N1 for some metals (Cu, Ni, Hg, Cr) or ΣPAHs, while the Rovinj harbour (S1) reached the N2 value for mercury. The phytotoxicity assay with sediment eluates showed inhibition of germination, root length and root biomass production, with an average phytotoxicity index (PI) ranging from 6.06% to 42.00%. Significant correlations of Pavg and Pmax values with phytotoxicity and other specific parameters were found. In general, according to the applied SQGs, there are no potential ecological impacts on the marine environment at any of the investigated sites, with the exception of site S1.

The class Deltaproteobacteria comprises an ecologically and metabolically diverse group of bacteria best known for dissimilatory sulphate reduction and predatory behaviour. Although this lineage is the fourth described class of the phylum Proteobacteria , it rarely affiliates with other proteobacterial classes and is frequently not recovered as a monophyletic unit in phylogenetic analyses. Indeed, one branch of the class Deltaproteobacteria encompassing Bdellovibrio-like predators was recently reclassified into a separate proteobacterial class, the Oligoflexia . Here we systematically explore the phylogeny of taxa currently assigned to these classes using 120 conserved single-copy marker genes as well as rRNA genes. The overwhelming majority of markers reject the inclusion of the classes Deltaproteobacteria and Oligoflexia in the phylum Proteobacteria . Instead, the great majority of currently recognized members of the class Deltaproteobacteria are better classified into four novel phylum-level lineages. We propose the names Desulfobacterota phyl. nov. and Myxococcota phyl. nov. for two of these phyla, based on the oldest validly published names in each lineage, and retain the placeholder name SAR324 for the third phylum pending formal description of type material. Members of the class Oligoflexia represent a separate phylum for which we propose the name Bdellovibrionota phyl. nov. based on priority in the literature and general recognition of the genus Bdellovibrio. Desulfobacterota phyl. nov. includes the taxa previously classified in the phylum Thermodesulfobacteria , and these reclassifications imply that the ability of sulphate reduction was vertically inherited in the Thermodesulfobacteria rather than laterally acquired as previously inferred. Our analysis also indicates the independent acquisition of predatory behaviour in the phyla Myxococcota and Bdellovibrionota, which is consistent with their distinct modes of action. This work represents a stable reclassification of one of the most taxonomically challenging areas of the bacterial tree and provides a robust framework for future ecological and systematic studies.

Citlivost energetických materialů na iniciacni podněty je jednim z testů s binarni odpovědi. Obvykle neexistuje jedina ostra hranice mezi energetickými hladinami způsobujicimi iniciaci a nezpůsobujici iniciaci. Misto toho existuje interval energii způsobujicich iniciaci s urcitou pravděpodobnosti, který se nazýva křivka citlivosti. V minulosti byly vyvinuty různe metody pro stanoveni cele křivky citlivosti nebo jejich důležitých bodů (např. Schodistě Bruceton, Robbins-Monroe, Langlie, Probitova analýza nebo Neyerův D-optimalni test, 3pod). Vsechny tyto metody, i přes casto použivane, maji sva omezeni. Chtěli bychom zavest novou metodu / algoritmus pro stanoveni křivky citlivosti s nazvem FEST (Fast and Efficient Sensitivity Testing). Křivka citlivosti je reprezentovana funkci kumulativniho rozděleni pro lognormalni rozděleni. Výpocet urovně pro dalsi výstřel je podobný Neyerovu přistupu na zacatku zkusebniho postupu. Později, po dosaženi překryti, a proto existuji jedinecne odhady maximalni pravděpodobnosti pro mu a sigma, se z těchto parametrů vypocita dalsi uroveň výstřelu pomoci dvou uživatelem definovaných konstant. Tyto konstanty lze použit k posunuti urovni testovani do oblasti zajmu křivky citlivosti. V tomto clanku je představen algoritmus, jeho konvergence ke skutecným hodnotam je podporovana jednoduchými simulacemi Monte Carlo a je uveden realný přiklad (stanoveni citlivosti na elektrostatický výboj pro pyrotechnickou směs).

Mehr als die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung hat Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen. Es ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der Versorgungsforschung zu untersuchen, wie sich die Professionen und Organisationen des Gesundheitssystems dieser Herausforderung stellen können. Das DNVF Memorandums Gesundheitskompetenz (Teil 1) nimmt Begriffsbestimmungen der individuellen und organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz vor, präsentiert den nationalen und internationalen Forschungsstand und stellt ethische Aspekte der versorgungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenzforschung dar. Weiterhin wird die Relevanz der Gesundheitskompetenzforschung in verschiedenen Lebensphasen, bei unterschiedlichen Personengruppen sowie in verschiedenen Kontexten der Gesundheits- und Krankenversorgung erarbeitet. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zentrale Forschungsgegenstände und zukünftige Forschungsdesiderata abgeleitet., More than half of the German population has difficulties in dealing with health information. It is an important task of health services research to examine how healthcare professionals and health care organizations can meet this challenge. The DNVF Memorandum Health Literacy (Part 1) defines the terms of individual and organizational health literacy, presents the national and international state of research and ethical aspects of health literacy research in health care settings. The relevance of health literacy research is worked out in different phases of life, for different target groups and in different healthcare contexts. Central research topics and future research desiderata are derived. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

ZusammenfassungMehr als die Hälfte der deutschen Bevölkerung hat Schwierigkeiten im Umgang mit Gesundheitsinformationen. Es ist eine wichtige Aufgabe der Versorgungsforschung zu untersuchen, wie sich die Professionen und Organisationen des Gesundheitssystems dieser Herausforderung stellen können. Die vorliegende Kurzfassung des DNVF Memorandums Gesundheitskompetenz (Teil 1) nimmt Begriffsbestimmungen der individuellen und organisationalen Gesundheitskompetenz vor, präsentiert den nationalen und internationalen Forschungsstand und stellt ethische Aspekte der versorgungsbezogenen Gesundheitskompetenzforschung dar. Vor diesem Hintergrund werden zentrale Forschungsgegenstände und zukünftige Forschungsdesiderata abgeleitet.

We propose a way to increase the wear and crack resistance of the main working tools for roller mills. Bimetallic rollers (with a diameter of 252 mm and a length of 1620 mm) are produced by sequential pouring of alloys with similar temperatures of phase transformations. The microstructure, phase composition, redistribution of alloying elements, and the properties of bimetallic materials are studied. The results are used as a basis for the development of a technological process for the production of bimetallic milling rollers by the method of centrifugal casting. The implementation of this method makes it possible to improve the reliability and durability of rollers in the course of their operation.

OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in the region of tumor necrosis factor-induced protein 3-interacting protein 1 (TNIP1) are associated with autoimmune disease and reduced TNIP1 gene expression. The aim of this study was to define the functional genetic mechanisms driving TNIP1 hypomorphic expression imparted by the systemic lupus erythematosus-associated TNIP1 H1 risk haplotype. METHODS Dual luciferase expression and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to evaluate the allelic effects of 11 risk variants on enhancer function and nuclear protein binding in immune cell line models (Epstein-Barr virus [EBV]-transformed human B cells, Jurkat cells, and THP-1 cells), left in a resting state or stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin. HiChIP was used to define the regulatory 3-dimensional (3-D) chromatin network of the TNIP1 haplotype by detecting in situ long-range DNA contacts associated with H3K27ac-marked chromatin in EBV B cells. Then, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to determine the expression of genes within the 3-D chromatin network. RESULTS Bioinformatics analyses of 50 single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the TNIP1 H1 risk haplotype identified 11 non-protein-coding variants with a high likelihood of influencing TNIP1 gene expression. Eight variants in EBV B cells, 5 in THP-1 cells, and 2 in Jurkat cells exhibited various allelic effects on enhancer activation, resulting in a cumulative suppressive effect on TNIP1 expression (net effect of risk variants -7.14 fold, -6.80 fold, and -2.44 fold, respectively; n > 3). Specifically, in EBV B cells, only 2 variants (rs10057690 and rs13180950) exhibited allele-specific loss of both enhancer activity and nuclear protein binding (each P < 0.01 relative to nonrisk alleles). In contrast, the rs10036748 risk allele reduced binding affinities of the transcriptional repressors basic helix-loop-helix family member 40/differentially expressed in chondrocytes 1 (bHLHe40/DEC1) (P < 0.05 relative to nonrisk alleles) and CREB-1 (P not significant) in EBV B cells, resulting in a gain of enhancer activity (P < 0.05). HiChIP and qRT-PCR analyses revealed that overall transcriptional repression of the TNIP1 haplotype extended to the neighboring genes DCTN4 and GMA2, both of which also showed decreased expression in the presence of the TNIP1 risk haplotype (P < 0.001 and P < 0.01, respectively, relative to the nonrisk haplotype); notably, it was found that these genes share a 3-D chromatin network. CONCLUSION Hypomorphic TNIP1 expression results from the combined concordant and opposing effects of multiple risk variants carried on the TNIP1 risk haplotype, with the strongest regulatory effect in B lymphoid lineage cells. Furthermore, the TNIP1 risk haplotype effect extends to neighboring genes within a shared chromatin network.

Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is a transcription factor that has been proven necessary for both induction and maintenance of pluripotency and self-renewal. Whole-genome sequencing defined a unique mutation in KLF4 (KLF4

The Russian language is the eighth most spoken language in the world. Russian speakers reside in Russia, across the former Soviet Union republics, and comprise one of the largest populations of international migrants. However, little is known about their health literacy (HL) and there is limited research on HL instruments in the Russian language. The purpose of this study was to adapt the Health Literacy Questionnaire (HLS

The outbreak of the COVID-19 virus urged all members of the society to adopt COVID-responsible behavioral patterns and practice them in everyday life. Given the variability in its adoption, it is critical to understand psychological factors associated with socially responsible behavior during the pandemic. This might be even more important among adolescents, who are less endangered by the virus but contribute to its spread. In this article, we focus on adolescent boys’ and girls’ agency and communion orientations to explain the level of importance they attribute to the instituted measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus (personal norm), as well as their behavioral adherence to those measures. In total, 12,552 adolescents (67.6% girls, Mage = 15.06, SDage = 2.44, age range 10–21) answered inventory assessing adolescents’ agentic and communal orientation (GRI-JUG) and items related to personal norm regarding the instituted measures and behavioral adherence to the measures. The results showed a small positive role of communion in both boys’ and girls’ personal norm and behavioral adherence, whereas agency played a very small negative role in boys’ and girls’ personal norm and boys’ behavioral adherence to measures. Nevertheless, these findings could indicate the importance of enhancing communal traits and behaviors in both genders in order to assure socially responsible behavior during the pandemic.

Primary care is understood as the first contact point to medical care. It operates at the interface between the social and the health systems, between the patient with his or her family and the professional environment, and refers to the local population, while primary health care, following WHO, is defined as a whole-of-society approach envisioned to contribute to universal health coverage and equality. This chapter is dedicated primarily to the application of salutogenesis in primary care. Since primary care services are a complex of strongly interrelated professional practice, research, and supporting policy, applying salutogenesis in primary care comprehensively should introduce salutogenesis in all these fields simultaneously.This chapter examines how salutogenesis is addressed and discussed in policy, research, and practice of primary care and discusses the application of salutogenesis as an orientation, a model, and the construct of ‘sense of coherence’. Thus, it contributes to supporting the application of salutogenesis in primary care and provides an outlook on further research needs.

The chapters of Part VI demonstrate for different services of health or disease care that applying the salutogenic orientation, the salutogenic model and the concept, and instrument of the sense of coherence (SOC) has the potential to improve the health-promoting quality of structures, processes, and outcomes of these services for enhancing health gain and well-being of different stakeholders. There already exists impressive research-based evidence for this, but also quite a potential for further more systematic and complex research.

Additional file 1. SI 1: Seasonal variation of haplotypes. SI 2: Additional information on sampling sites. SI 3: Additional results.

This paper investigates the potential effects of trade restrictions and alternative tariff policies, including a tariff wedge between feed and final products on the Ghanaian poultry producers. We apply a hybrid approach that uses qualitative results of a Delphi study to define scenarios for a modified global general equilibrium model. The projected production changes are then used as inputs into a typical farm analysis that disentangles the effects for broiler farm types in Ghana. The effect of expanding a tariff wedge between final and feed products by 5 per cent, either through increasing the tariff rates of the final product or through abolishing the tariffs on feed products, is small in our case. However, increasing the tariff rate of the final product to the maximum level of bound tariff (i.e. 99 per cent) or a complete ban has a larger effect on domestic production. It increases the production by 104 per cent and up to 254 per cent, respectively. The typical farm analysis reveals that large-scale farms are better positioned to increase production than small and medium farm types.