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Background: Chronic otitis media with ossicular discontinuity is most commonly faced otological condition which causes conductive hearing loss. It presents mostly with ear discharge and decreased hearing. The use of cartilage graft material in ossiculoplasty markedly improve the result in hearing. In this study we have used autologous (tragal/conchal) cartilage or homologous (septal) cartilage for ossiculoplasty and temporalis fascia graft for tympanoplasty.Aims: Aim of the study was to compare and analyze the outcome of ossiculoplasty using autologous conchal/tragal cartilage and homologous septal cartilage in terms of hearing results and graft uptake rates. Materials and method: The study was conducted in E.N.T. Department at S.C.L. Hospital, NHLMMC Ahmedabad. 50 patients were randomly selected and divided in 2 groups. 25 patients underwent homologous and 25 patients underwent autologous cartilage reconstruction. All patients underwent detailed ENT examination followed by audiological and radiological assessment of temporal bone, and those patients with evidence of ossicular erosion were subjected to ossiculoplasty with autologous cartilage and homologous cartilage randomly. Results: Majority of the patients have central perforation and retraction pockets in middle ear pathology in both groups. Overall graft taken up rate was 96% in autologous while 92% in homologous ossiculoplasty. Our study shows hearing improvement up to 20-25 dB in 80% and 88% in autologous and homologous ossiculoplasty. Conclusion: Both autologous and homologous cartilage have excellent outcomes and gives equivalent results irrespective of age or sex of the patient or middle ear pathology. In both the groups hearing improvement is similar. Subjective hearing is also improved. No post-op complications like wound infection, facial palsy, dead ear have occurred in either case.

COVID-19 pandemic has led to a concerning surge of post-COVID-19 AIFR. Mucormycosis (BLACK fungus) is a rare but severe and life-threatening fungal infection occurred by mucormycetes, a family of moulds. More than 49,000 cases of AIFR were reported in three months in India. It primarily affects diabetics and spreads from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses (PNS). It also involves eye, palate, or brain. It is diagnosed clinically followed by radiological and pathological findings. We aimed to compare and analyse the pre-operative imaging with postoperative histopathological findings. The study was conducted in ENT department of tertiary care hospital, Rajkot. 200 patients were randomly selected who were presented to ENT OPD with clinically suspected Post COVID-19 AIFR. All patients underwent detailed ENT examination and radiological modality like MRI PNS, Brain, and Orbit. After proper pre-op evaluation, all patients underwent Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS). MRI findings were confirmed with that of histopathological findings done on KOH mount. All the patients were showing AIFR on MRI findings whereas 49% of patients had mucormycosis on Histopathology. Various other fungal infections like aspergillosis (7%), candidiasis (1.5%) were also found on HPE. 9% of patients showed combined infection with mucor and aspergillus species. Rest of the patients showed non-fungal rhinosinusitis. Inflow of the epidemic, plenty of patients were shown invasive fungal sinusitis in MRI patterns whereas many of them were HPE negative. Thus this study was done to know the efficacy of radiological features with pathological diagnosis. We have considered both procedures standard in our study.

Background: The objective of the study was to identify various lesions of neck swellings and to study their distributions according to age, sex and site and to find out distribution of malignant, inflammatory and infective lesions in neck swellings.Methods: The prospective study was conducted in the department of ENT, SCL General Hospital, NHL MMC, Saraspur, Ahmedabad from July 2014 to July 2016. All indoor and outdoor 400 patients of SCL hospital presenting with palpable head and neck swellings were referred to the cytology section at SCL hospital for FNAC and included in present study. Results: In our study out of 400 cases, lymph nodes constituted 276 cases with female preponderance. Among the inflammatory lesions, commonest lesion was tuberculosis which comprised of 147 cases followed by 64 cases of reactive lymphadenitis. In thyroid lesions the male: female ratio was 1:18, with maximum incidence in age group of 20-50 years. Total 95 cases were observed, out of which benign thyroid lesions (Bethesda grade II) were most common (92.63%). Salivary gland comprised of 11 cases, Out of 10 benign neoplastic lesions, 9 cases of pleomorphic adenoma and 1 cases of Warthin’s tumor were found.Conclusions: FNAC is a very simple and expeditious procedure which can be carried out without much problem. It reduces the necessities to perform excisions biopsy in many cases. Thus, FNAC can be recommended as a first line of investigation in the diagnosis of neck swellings and can be adopted as an outpatient procedure, thus reducing the cost and time of hospitalization.

Background: Thyroid gland is unique among endocrine organs as it is the largest endocrine gland in the body and the first to develop in the fetal life. There is approximately 4-5% incidence of clinically apparent thyroid lesions in general population. The goal of USG and FNAC diagnosis work up now is to select those patients for surgery who have a high likelihood of harboring malignancy in the nodule. Ultrasonography is the single most valuable imaging modality in the evaluation of the thyroid gland. Indications for thyroid USG include evaluation for palpable thyroid lesion or suspected thyroid enlargement and workup of thyroid lesions discovered incidentally.The present study is undertaken to evaluate the utility of FNAC in preoperative diagnosis of various thyroid lesions and to evaluate the efficacy of in USG and FNAC differentiating between benign and malignant lesions.Methods: A retrospective clinical study, 100patients, in the age group of equal to or above 18 years, with thyroid swellings, referred to the department of ENT, sent for USG and FNAC at radiology and pathology department during the period from July 2014 to July 2016. Results: Out of 100 cases, 6% were malignant, 94% were benign on grey scale ultrasound. Out of 6 malignant cases 2 cases were confirmed malignant by FNAC.Conclusions: High resolution grey scale ultrasound has emerged as initial imaging modality of choice for the evaluation of patients with thyroid enlargement. Ultrasound can detect solitary nodule, multiple nodules and diffuse thyroid enlargement. It can also differentiate solid and cystic lesions.