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The aim – to determine a prognostically significant set of anamnestic (primarily cardiovascular) risk factors and indicators of the initial clinical condition in the population of patients with COVID-19, on the basis of which to develop a scale for assessing the clinical condition to identify patients with a more severe subsequent course of the disease for the individualization of treatment tactics.Materials and methods. The retrospective analysis included data on 104 patients with COVID-19 (50 men and 54 women, aged 24 to 84 years), who during 2020-2021 underwent treatment (16 days) in clinics of Ukraine within the framework of the program for studying the effectiveness of treatment COVID-19. Risk factors (advanced age, inflammatory diseases, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, heart failure (HF)), dynamics of the clinical state (heart rate, body temperature, blood pressure, SpO2, respiratory rate (RR), clinical symptoms and signs from all systems of the body) were assessed. Based on the dynamics of the clinical condition (according to a specially developed scale), all patients were divided into subgroup A (66 patients, more severe hospital course of COVID-19, ≥ 7 points) and subgroup B (38 patients, milder course of COVID-19, < 7) points).Results and discussion. Among the anamnestic risk factors (RF) of a more severe hospitalization for COVID-19, the following were more informative than others: age > 53 years (HR 1.8 (1.11–3.02)), history of coronary artery disease (HR 1.42 (1.09–1.85)) and SN (HR 1.67 (1.41–1.96)), as well as a model built taking into account all the estimated RFs according to their significance (HR = 1.88 (1.37–2.74), area under the ROC curve (ROC) 0.73). Among the clinical markers (CM) of the first day, the most informative were: RR > 20/min (HR 1.74 (1.10–2.74)), body temperature > 37.8 °C (HR 1.48 (1.13–1.94)) and a model with eight KM (HR 2.45 (1.55–3.87), ROC 0.80). The obtained scales were additive: the combined scale of RF and CM had ROC 0.84, value > 21 units on the first day of COVID-19 had a sensitivity of 76 % and a specificity of 76 % (HR 2.38 (1.58–3.58)) in predicting the adverse course of the disease during the next 16 days.Conclusions. The risk assessment system developed by us, based on clinical and anamnestic data, on the first day of treatment for COVID-19 allows predicting a more severe course of the disease. The data obtained by us require further study in a prospective study.

Objective: To analyze clinical and laboratory features to predict the outcome of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) in HIV-infected patients.Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of medical histories of HIV-infected patients with CNS lesions in 2015–2017, and dynamic monitoring of HIV patients with CNS lesions in 2018–2019, who were intensive care unit (ICU) in Infectious Clinical Hospital No. 2 of the Department of Health of Moscow.Results and discussion: A total 196 patients with encephalitis/meningoencephalitis: 124 (63%) patients with detected JCPyV in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) — study group (JCPyV+), 72 patients with undetectable JCPyV in CSF — comparison group (JCPyV–). Late terms of hospitalization were noted, mainly in the JCPyV+ group (mean — 58±6 days). The majority of patients had severe immunodeficiency, in the JCPyV+ group the number of patients with CD40.05. The chance of survival was 2.5 times higher for patients admitted to hospital less than 14 days after deterioration (OR=2.468 [95% CI: 1.244–4.898]). Patients with CD4Conclusion: Survival prognosis for PML during treatment in ICU was worser for patients hospitalized after 14 days from the onset of symptoms and with CD4

One intersection between scholarship and practice in international humanitarian law is observable in international litigation concerning violations of the law of war. An interesting example in this regard recently arose in the case by the Democratic Republic of the Congo against Uganda for war-related claims. At the reparations phase, the Court decided not to rely solely on the submissions of the Parties, but to task certain scholars and other experts to answer evidentiary questions. Yet, when the Court’s judgment was issued in February 2022, the role of these experts turned out to be almost negligible, with one significant exception. The overall lesson may be that – while the work of scholars can be highly important for claims practice relating to international humanitarian law – it has its limits, such as when proving and quantifying mass civil injury resulting from a lengthy and complex armed conflict.

Nano-mechanisms of solid-phase bonding of tungsten and tantalum, which are implemented in the manufacture of a neutron source target for the research nuclear facility (RNF) of NSC KIPT, are considered. This facility is a new type of nuclear reactor, in the core of which the intensity of the nuclear fission reaction of the uranium isotope 235U is controlled by an electron accelerator. An installation for joining metals in the solid phase is described, its parameters are given, as well as the parameters of the joined metals. An electron-probe X-ray spectral analysis of the interface between the samples was carried out. The physical foundations of the nano-mechanism of bonding in the solid phase of tungsten and tantalum at the dynamic and isostatic stages at hot vacuum pressing are formulated. Experimental data on the relative temperature convergence of rolls at the dynamic and isostatic stages of hot vacuum pressing have been obtained.

CYP2D6 subfamily isoenzymes play an important role in the biotransformation of haloperidol, and their activity may influence the efficacy and safety of haloperidol. The use of haloperidol is often associated with the occurrence of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as dyskinesia, acute dystonia, and orthostatic hypotension. Previous studies have demonstrated the relationship between theTo evaluate the association ofThe study involved 100 male patients with AIPD (average age 41.4 ± 14.4 years) who received haloperidol by injections in a dose of 5-10 mg/day. The efficacy profile was assessed using a validated psychometric PANSS scale (Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale). Therapy safety was assessed using the internationally validated UKU (Side-Effect Rating Scale) and SAS (Simpson-Angus Scale for Extrapyramidal Symptoms) scales. Genotyping was performed with the real-time polymerase chain reaction.We revealed the statistically significant results in terms of therapy safety evaluation (dynamics of the UKU scores: (It can be concluded that patients with the

The article describes the method of artistic stylization. The issue of stylization as one of the methods of organizing an artistic image is considered. The essence of the styling method is defined. The importance and substantiation of the role of artistic stylization in the system of art education is revealed. The positive aspects of the stylization method are revealed. It is proved that the basis for the formation of the professional qualities of an artist, designer is drawing. Academic drawing is the main tool in solving creative problems. The relationship between drawing from nature and stylization is analyzed. The definitions of “Style” and “Stylization” are given. The necessity of searching for and introducing new, effective methods, techniques and techniques into the system of art education is described. The importance of systematic analyzing activity in the performance of tasks is revealed. The problem is considered and the importance of the development of figurative thinking among artists and designers is substantiated. Scientific works on style and style formation, methods and techniques of stylization, development of artistic and figurative thinking are analyzed. The essence of style was formulated by E. Gombrich. G. Wölfflin characterizes the style. The value of the integrity of the stylized composition is revealed by V. Shestakov. A statement about the essence of art by A. Bogomazov is presented. The concept of pictorial representation as a process of rethinking N. Kosenko is disclosed. E. Ignatiev reveals the essence of the usual “vision” and the artistic “vision” of an object. The stylization of G. Logvinenko is characterized. It is proved that stylization can be created on the basis of previously seen and stored information about the surrounding reality. It is described what is necessary to develop a decorative vision. The conclusion is made about the importance of the stylization method in the learning process and for the development of the professional qualities of an artist, designer.

This article discusses contemporary approaches to multimodal, NSAID-sparing management of primary musculoskeletal pain. Despite the scientific advances, musculoskeletal pain remains extremely challenging to manage clinically. While the number of potential treatment targets has grown substantially and a strong case has been made for a mechanism-based and individualized approach to pain therapy, arguably clinicians are not much more advanced now in their capacity to either diagnose or effectively treat patients with musculoskeletal pain. The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) pain taxonomy includes pain mechanisms as one of the 3 dimensions that need to be considered when making a diagnostic classification for the concurrent use of separate therapeutic interventions with various mechanisms of action aimed at different pain mechanisms. Combination of shock-wave therapy with topical NSAID tenoxicam is more effective in primary musculoskeletal pain treatment.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have shown that coronary reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) improves outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, the question of the effect on the myocardium as a whole of an isolated intervention on an infarct-related artery in multivessel coronary disease remains incompletely studied.AIM OF STUDY To study the features of perfusion redistribution and myocardial function using perfusion single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with STEMI and multivessel coronary disease after isolated PCI on an infarct-related artery.MATERIAL AND METHODS SPECT-ECG (electrocardiography) was performed in 32 patients (27 men and 5 women) with STEMI. According to the ECG results, the location of focal myocardial changes was regarded as “lower” MI in 19 (59%) patients, “anterior” in 13 patients (41%). Coronary angiography revealed a multivessel lesion of the coronary vessels in all of them. The patients were divided into groups according to the location of the infarction and the area of the lesion: group 1 — lower MI (stenting of the right coronary artery (RCA) and its branches) — 19 patients (mean age — 57.7±2.5; median — 55 [51.5; 63.5]), of which 8 with small-focal (1a) and 11 with large-focal infarction (1b); group 2 — anterior MI (stenting of the left coronary artery (LCA) and its branches) — 13 patients (mean age — 55.4±3.5; median — 54 [48.5; 62.5]), of which 5 with small-focal (2a) and 8 with large-focal infarction (2b). SPECT-ECG was performed 3 times: 1st — on days 2–3 after PCI of the infarct-related artery, 2nd — 6 days after PCI, and 3rd — 6 months after PCI.RESULTS After RCA stenting in patients with lower MI and multivessel coronary disease, SPECT-ECG revealed a statistically significant decrease in local contractility of individual segments of the anterior septal and lateral walls (with sufficient revascularization of the RCA system) and worsening of perfusion and right ventricular (RV) volumes. After stenting of the LCA branches in patients with anterior MI and multivessel coronary disease, a statistically significant decrease in local contractility in the basal segment of the diaphragmatic wall was observed, as well as impaired perfusion and an increase in the volume of the RV (with successful revascularization of the anterior interventricular branch). All these findings could be the result of partial steal of the blood supply to neighboring areas and myocardial remodeling after PCI in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.CONCLUSION 1. According to the data of single-photon emulsion computed tomography synchronized with electrocardiography in the early and late period of myocardial infarction after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with multivessel coronary disease, there is a significant improvement in perfusion and function of the infarct-associated artery system. 1. Recanalization of only the left coronary artery with remaining stenoses in the right coronary artery in the long-term period can lead to an increase in the size of the cavity of the right ventricle of the heart and uneven distribution of perfusion in its The revealed statistically significant disturbances in perfusion and local contractility of neighboring areas after percutaneous coronary intervention of an infarct-related artery may be the result of steal of the blood supply and early myocardial remodeling in multivessel disease. 3. Disturbances in perfusion and local contractility in neighboring myocardial blood supply pools after percutaneous coronary intervention of an infarct-related artery dictates the need to repeated single-photon emulsion computed tomography synchronized with electrocardiography as early as possible in patients with multivessel coronary disease in order to assess the redistribution of perfusion and myocardial remodeling for timely complete revascularization, preventing recurrent coronary

The aim of the work is to study the effect of the complex drug interamin on the morphological blood indicators of calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. The object of the study were newborn calves, which were divided into 4 groups. The calves of the first experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered the complex drug interamin subcutaneously, five times on days 1, 3, 8-14, 18-24 and 56-60 of life at a dose of 1 ml per 10 kg of animal body weight. The calves of the second experimental group (n=10, hypotrophic calves) were administered "Biferon-B" subcutaneously, according to the above scheme. The calves of the third (n=10, negative control, hypotrophic calves) and fourth (n=10, control, normotrophic calves) groups were not treated with drugs. On the first day after birth, as well as on days 7, 30 of life and 5-10 days after the transfer to the rearing group, venous blood samples were taken from calves to assess its morphological composition. It has been established that hematological failures develop the calves with antenatal hypotrophy, manifested in the form of hypochromic anemia and a tendency to pancytopenia. The use of the drug interamin contributed to the activation of hematopoietic processes in calves with signs of antenatal hypotrophy. Thus, the number of erythrocytes in calves treated with interamin was significantly higher by 10.2, 7.6, 31.0% than in the calves from the negative control group, and the hemoglobin level from 7 to 60 days of life was within the reference range for these ages of this animal species. At the age of 7 days, against the background of the introduction of interamin, the number of leukocytes also increased by 6.4%, with a decrease in stab neutrophils by 52.5%, and segmented neutrophils – by 20.1%, with an increase in the percentage of lymphocytes by 39.4% relative to those in calves from the negative control group, and did not significantly differ from the indicators of normotrophic calves.

Вackground. Progressive atherosclerosis syndrome, in contrast to spontaneous one, is accompanied by a more severe course and frequent complications. Therefore, it is crucial to define the risk stratification criteria and treatment of such patients. Purpose of the study to study one-year outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease with progressive atherosclerosis. Patient Characterization and Research Methods. The study included 202 patients with confirmed diagnosis of CHD: 147 men and 55 women. The mean age of the patients was (53,3 ± 7,16) years. The main group (100 patients) included those who had two (or more) additional cardiovascular events from the following in the two years before the study: MI or unstable angina pectoris, emergency artery stenting, stroke, peripheral artery thrombosis, critical ischemia or lower limb amputation, and the comparison group included 102 patients with CHD without such events. After 12 months from the time of inclusion, end points were evaluated. Statistical Analysis Methods. Microsoft Office Excel 2019 program was used. Results. The work revealed that patients with progressive atherosclerosis have worse long-term (one-year) prognosis in comparison with its spontaneous course; a significant influence on unfavorable outcomes is exerted by: Angina of any EF without surgical treatment - OR 4.125 (1.213; 14.027), multivessel coronary artery disease - OR 3.929, CI (1.156-13.350), C-reactive protein level 5 mg/L or higher - OR 18.667, CI (4.684-74.393).

The article presents the results of a study of the potential mutagenic effects of the drug Interamin on the bone marrow of mice. Its effect on the cytogenetic stability of bone marrow cells after injection of an experimental mutagen (mitomycin C) was also studied. The antimutagenic potential of Interamin was studied relative to the reference drugs Aminoseleton and Bifeton-B. The study of the mutagenic effect of the compounds was carried out using a micronucleus test in polychromatophilic erythrocytes of the bone marrow of mice that is an assessment of the change in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes. The toxic effect of drugs on bone marrow cells was assessed by the change in the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes relative to the number of normochromic erythrocytes. As a result of the study, no changes were found in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes and the percentage of cells of this type in the bone marrow of mice treated with Interamin at a conditional therapeutic and tenfold increased doses, as well as with its fivefold administration at intervals of 24 hours at a conditionally therapeutic dose. The course use of the study drugs at a therapeutic dose before the administration of mitomycin C led to a decrease in the frequency of micronuclei in polychromatophilic erythrocytes by 39.1% (p=0.002) and 47.6% (p=0.009) when using Interamin and Aminoseleton, respectively, relative to the indicators of animals, who were administered only mitomycin C. In the group treated with Biferon-B, such trend was not observed. At the same time, in animals of these groups, the proportion of polychromatophilic erythrocytes was higher by 33.3% (p=0.002) after the administration of Interamin and by 57.2% (p=0.009) after the use of Biferon-B, relative to the animals of the positive control group. The presented data indicate that the drug Interamin has no mutagenic properties, as well as the presence of antimutagenic and antitoxic effects that opens up prospects for its use as a gene protector and antitoxicant.

This study aimed to assess kidney function and its significance for the development of in-hospital complications in patients hospitalized with acute cardiovascular pathology infected with COVID-19. Methods. This prospective cohort single-center study included 139 patients with acute cardiovascular pathology diagnosed with COVID-19. Sixty-nine (49.6%) patients had acute coronary syndrome (47 with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 33 (23.7%) patients had hypertension, 24 (17.3%) patients had acute decompensated heart failure, 9 (6.5%) patients had tachysystolic paroxysms of atrial fibrillation, 2 (1.4%) patients had an acute pulmonary embolism, and 2 (1.4%) patients had syncope. The mean age was 67.9±12.7 years, and 70 (50.4%) patients were male. Arterial hypertension was present in 87.1% of patients, diabetes mellitus in 20.9%, congestive heart failure in 30.9%, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in 9.4%, AMI in 20.1%, and ischemic stroke in 9.4%. Results. The initial creatinine level was 110.7±66.1 μmol/l and eGFR (CKD-EPI) was 63.3±20.3 ml/min/1.73m2 (eGFR

The development pace of advanced electronics raises the demand for semiconductor single crystals and strengthens the requirements to their structural perfection. Dislocation density and distribution pattern are most important parameters of semiconductor single crystals which determine their performance as integrated circuit components. Therefore studies of the mechanisms of dislocation nucleation, slip and distribution are among the most important tasks which make researchers face the choice of suitable analytical methods. This work is an overview of advanced methods of studying and evaluating dislocation density in single crystals. Brief insight has been given on the main advantages and drawbacks of the methods overviewed and experimental data have been presented. The selective etching method (optical light microscopy) has become the most widely used one and in its conventional setup is quite efficient in the identification of scrap defects and in dislocation density evaluation by number of etch pits per vision area. Since the introduction of digital light microscopy and the related transfer from image analysis to pixel intensity matrices and measurement automation, it has become possible to implement quantitative characterization for the entire cross-section of single crystal wafers and analyze structural imperfection distribution pattern. X-ray diffraction is conventionally used for determination of crystallographic orientation but it also allows evaluating dislocation density by rocking curve broadening in double-crystal setup. Secondary electron scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy allow differentiating etch patterns by origin and studying their geometry in detail. Transmission electron microscopy and induced current method allow obtaining micrographs of discrete dislocations but require labor-consuming preparation of experimental specimens. X-ray topography allows measuring bulky samples and also has high resolution but is hardly suitable for industry-wide application due to the high power consumption of measurements.Digital image processing broadens the applicability range of basic dislocation structure analytical methods in materials science and increases the authenticity of experimental results.

The aim – to analyze in-hospital mortality in pts with acute cardiovascular pathology (ACP) and a co-infection with COVID-19.Materials and methods. 139 pts with ACP who were diagnosed with COVID-19 were examined. 69 (49.6 %) pts had ACS (47 pts with AMI), 33 (23.7 %) pts – hypertensive urgency, 24 (17.3 %) pts – ADHF, 9 (6.5 %) pts – tachysystolic paroxysm of atrial fibrillation, 2 (1.4 %) pts – acute pulmonary embolism, and 2 (1.4 %) pts – syncope. The average age was 67.9±12.7 y.o., 70 (50.4 %) pts were male. Concomitant arterial hypertension was found in 87.1 %, DM – 20.9 %, CHF – 30.9 %, COPD – 9.4 % of pts, history of AMI – 20.1 % and ischemic stroke – 9.4 % of pts. In 79 (56.8 %) pts COVID-19 was diagnosed and laboratory confirmed before hospitalization (hospitalized in 5.3±3.6 days after symptoms onset). 31 (22.3 %) pts were diagnosed with COVID-19 upon admission, and 29 (20.9 %) – during their stay in the hospital. 20 (15.6 %) pts were vaccinated against COVID-19. The initial SpO2 level was 91.6±10.3 %, while more than half of pts (53.2 %) had SpO2 < 95 % and almost every fourth (23.2 %) patient had SpO2 < 90 %.Results and discussion. During the hospital period, 20 (14.4 %) pts died. The mortality rate was 28.0 % in pts with ADHF, 19.1 % in pts with AMI and significantly less in pts hospitalized for unstable angina, hypertensive urgency or atrial fibrillation – 5.2 % (р

BACKGROUND: In the light of modern views on the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, a promising direction is the use of agents with metabolitotropic, endothelioprotective, and especially with antioxidant action. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a combination of thiotriazoline and L-arginine (1:4) on the parameters of the nitroxidergic system of the blood and periodontium of rats with experimental chronic generalized periodontitis and substantiate further study of this combination. METHODS: Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the mRNA expression status of iNOS and nNOS mRNAs. The total content of reduced thiols was also determined by the reaction with Elman’s reagent. RESULTS: We found an increase in the total activity of NOS by 90.01% due to an increase in the expression of iNOS, while a decrease in the expression of its endothelial form was observed (a decrease in the expression of eNOS mRNA by 74.3%) compared with the intact group. An increase in iNOS activity led to an increase in the production of NO, which, under conditions of antioxidant deficiency, is converted into cytotoxic forms (peroxynitrite and nitrosonium ion). CONCLUSIONS: The course administration of Mexidol (250 mg/kg) and, especially, the combination of thiotriazoline and L-arginine (1:4) (200 mg/kg) to animals with CGP, leads to a decrease in the gingival pocket to 6 mm (Mexidol) and to 4 mm against the background almost complete absence of bleeding, swelling, and tooth mobility (combination), and also led to a decrease in iNOS mRNA expression by 65.6% (p < 0.05).

The fruits of Trapa natans L. s. l. (Trapaceae), which has disappeared from the territory of the Saratov region, collected in the floodplain lakes of the Khoper river in the Voronezh region (Novokhopersky district), were sown in the fall of 2019 and spring of 2020 into the Khoper and Volga rivers within the Saratov region. In the fall of 2020, 17 recipient populations were observed, and the number of water caltrop rosettes in most of them was less than that of nuts sown. The number of rosettes equal to or greater than that of the nuts sown was observed in three recipient populations only. According to the morphometric parameters of the vegetative sphere, five recipient populations (Nos 6, 7, 9, 15, and 21) from the Khoper river approach the donor ones, while only two recipient populations (Nos 7 and 9) from the Khoper river approach them by the potential and actual seed productivity. The reintroduction of T. natans populations seems more promising in the Khoper river, whilst it is difficult in the Volga river due to sudden changes in the water level during the season.

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is now a global medical and social problem. Little is known about its impact on some vulnerable subgroups, such as immunocompromised patients. Therefore, there is still a strong interest in exploring the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among HIV-positive individuals worldwide. Aim of the study: to analyze immunological aspects of the deceased patients with HIV/COVID-19 coinfection. Materials and methods. We provided retrospective analysis of 258 patient’s electronic medical records. All patients were admitted to the Infectious diseases hospital № 2 with HIV / COVID-19 coinfection and died in May 2020 – February 2022. Standard immunological parameters were analyzed like CD4+, CD8+ counts and immunoregulatory index for different patient’s subgroups. Statistical data processing was provided by SPSS 17 version (allowable error E = 5 %). Results and discussion. The study demonstrated CD4+ and CD8+ reduction in HIV-infected with COVID-19. Late HIV-presenters didn’t display such phenomenon probably because of immune system exhaustion. COVID-19 itself in some cases could lead to immunodeficiency worsening due to depletion of T cell populations in HIV-patients on effective antiretroviral therapy. Conclusion. Comprehension of different immunological characteristics in HIV / COVID-19 coinfected patients could improve therapeutic approaches for this challenging cohort.

Вступ. Використання сучасних технологічних рішень під час проведення аварійно-рятувальних та інших невідкладних робіт під час ліквідації наслідків небезпечних подій та надзвичайних ситуаційсуттєво впливає на успіх проведення зазначених операцій. Так, завдячуючи залученню сучасних цифрових пристроїв для пошуку постраждалих, визначенню осередку займання тощо, можна суттєвоскоротити час на ліквідацію надзвичайної ситуації або врятувати не одне людське життя. Серед різноманіття сучасних пристроїв особливої уваги заслуговують пожежні тепловізори.Мета та задачі дослідження. Враховуючи різноманіття пожежних тепловізорів за своїми тактико-технічними показниками та відносно малий досвід застосування подібних приладів у випадку проведення пошуково-рятувальних та аварійно-рятувальних робіт виникає необхідність проведення додаткових порівняльних тестів їх роботи за різних умов. Отож, метою роботи є проведення практичних порівняльних тестів роботи тепловізорів 3MScott V206 і 3MScott X380 для їх використанням під час пошуково-рятувальних та інших невідкладних робіт. Для досягнення поставленої мети було проведено аналіз можливих та обрано декілька найбільш поширених типів матеріалів на яких людина може залишити свій тепловий слід у транспорті та приміщеннях будівель різного призначення, що у свою чергу, допоможе здійснити пошуково-рятувальні роботи. Відповідно до визначеного переліку найбільш поширених типів матеріалів було проведено практичні експериментальні дослідження та порівняння показників зазначених зразків тепловізорів.Методи. Відповідно для досягнення поставленої мети та задачі досліджень було використано аналітичний метод обробки даних та проведено низку експериментальних досліджень з визначення часу ідентифікації теплового відбитка залежно від часу теплового навантаження джерела випромінювання на різних типах поверхонь.Результати. За результатами аналізу можливого застосування пожежного тепловізора було встановлено, що можливості пожежного тепловізора дають змогу виявити «тепловий відбиток» на поверхні меблів та матеріалів. Також використання пожежного тепловізора дає можливість знайти джерела витоку газових сумішей та рівень заповнення ємностей з різного матеріалу.Застосування пожежного тепловізора для проведення пошуково-рятувальних робіт, виявлення необхідних ознак присутності людей та небезпечних речовин можливе як за умови повної темноти в приміщеннітак і на свіжому повітрі, але за умови відсутності поряд високотемпературних джерел теплового випромінювання.Висновки. Практичні експериментальні дослідження показали, що час ідентифікації теплового відбитку з використанням пожежного тепловізора значно залежить від матеріалу, на якому його залишили, і в середньому становить від 2 до 4 хвилин (3MScott V206) та від 4-8 хвилин часу (3MScott X380) для ламінованої ДСП поверхні. Однак для тканинного офісного крісла цей показник є нижчим і в середньому становить від 1 до 3 хвилин (3MScott V206) та від 4-6 хвилин часу (3MScott X380).Тепловий відбиток на ламінованій ДСП поверхні в проміжку від 30 секунд до 3 хвилини часу теплового навантаження залишається видимим для пожежного тепловізора практично однаковий проміжок часу. Однак після більш тривалого часу теплового навантаження час ідентифікації теплового відбитку знову починає повільно зростати.

Problem. The most effective energy management strategies for hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are optimization-based strategies. These strategies require prior knowledge of the driving cycle, which is not easy to predict. Goal. The goal is to combine the Worldwide harmonized light vehicles test cycle (WLTC) with short trips on small sections with real traffic levels to predict the energy and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. Methodology. Research methods are experimental and mathematical. First of all, eight characteristic parameters are extracted from real speed profiles used on urban road sections in the city of Kharkiv under various road conditions, as well as on short WLTC trips. The minimum distance algorithm is used to compare parameters and determine three traffic levels (heavy, medium, and low traffic) for short WLTC trips. Thus, for each route determined using Google Maps, the energy and fuel consumption of hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles are estimated using short trips by the WLTC, adjusted for distances and traffic levels. In addition, a numerical model of the vehicle was implemented. It was used to test the accuracy of predicting fuel and energy consumption in accordance with the proposed methodology. Originality. For the methodology using only GM information is required as input data; no other device or software is required. This aspect makes the methodology extremely economical. Then, the algorithm regulating traffic levels shown by GM is unique and valid in all urban centers. This aspect makes the methodology universal. WLTC takes into account the driving styles of drivers around the world, so the methodology can be applied to any car driver. Prediction accuracy can be increased by taking into account other input information, such as the distribution of traffic light signals or the driver's typical gear shifting style. Results. The results are promising, as the average absolute percentage error between experimental driving cycles and projected ones is 3.89 % for fuel consumption, increasing to 6.80 % for energy consumption. Practical value. The possibility of energy forecasting and fuel consumption for a hybrid vehicle and an electric vehicle makes it possible to develop energy consumption management systems for HEVs that can manage the energy reserve to ensure full travel by electric traction in limited traffic zone (LTZ) or minimize local air pollution; increase the service life of energy reserves (usually batteries) by maintenance costs and disposal problems reducing; optimize the transmission-use efficiency due to fuel consumption and pollutants emissions reduction.

The problem of controlling a two-link crane-manipulator depends on the level of complexity of the system. When using a two-link manipulator, two problems need to be solved. The first problem is that you need to define the control parameters in such a way that the given position of the manipulator changes according to the corresponding trajectory. The second problem is that in order to achieve the desired position of the manipulator, it is necessary to correctly parameterized the mathematical model of the control system. One of the problems that affects the accuracy of manipulator control is the correct construction of adequate dynamic control models. In this article was propose to consider a direct method of developing a dynamic model of the crane-manipulator. It was propose to apply a mathematical model, which is built on the principles of theoretical mechanics by applying the Lagrange equations of the second kind. To modeling a dynamic model of a two-link crane-manipulator, the kinetic and potential energies of the component systems of the manipulator were determined, and on the basis of the Lagrange equation of the second kind, dynamic equations of motion were obtained. The dependences between the capturer coordinates and the generalized coordinates were also determined. These dependencies helped to establish the control equations that allow controlling the movement characteristics of the two-link manipulator.

Data on morphological variability of 13 populations of the species Colchicum laetum Steven, rare for the Russian Federation, in the territory of the Volgograd region, the Republic of Kalmykia and the Stavropol Territory are presented. A strong morphological variability of populations on the territory of the regions was noted both at the intra- and interpopulation level. Apparently, the heterogeneity of the environment in space, both significant and local, is well felt by plants of populations that adapt to this heterogeneity in different ways. However, the revealed change in the morphological parameters of C. laetum along the gradient of geographic coordinates indicates that, above all, weather and climatic factors determine the variability of morphological parameters in this species.

We present a quantitative study of the density of states (DOS) in SF bilayers (where S is a bulk superconductor and F is a ferromagnetic metal) in the diffusive limit. We solve the quasiclassical Usadel equations in the structure considering the presence of magnetic and spin–orbit scattering. For practical reasons, we propose the analytical solution for the density of states in SF bilayers in the case of a thin ferromagnet and low transparency of the SF interface. This solution is confirmed by numerical calculations using a self-consistent two-step iterative method. The behavior of DOS dependencies on magnetic and spin–orbit scattering times is discussed.

Introduction. The relevance of the research lies in understanding the approaches to building the career of novice artists by determining popularity strategies for modern music performers, criteria and indicators of popularity, as well as ways of forming their popularity. The digitalization process in the music and record industries has transformed production and consumption model of a music product and, therefore, has changed the strategies for gaining popularity for an artist. Purpose and methods. The purpose of the article is to investigate the popular strategies of a contemporary music artist and define them according to the levels of popularity in correlation with the scale of market coverage. The methodological basis of the research is a systematic approach, as well as general scientific, historical, and logical methods were used. Results. Popularity strategies of a modern music artist are implemented on two levels: local – in the digital world of social networks and streaming platforms; and national – with the involvement of PR events and the implementation of a communication campaign on major media. Popularity strategies have basic, monitoring, and effective popularity criteria with specific indicators. Conclusions. The scientific novelty of the research is the determination of popularity strategies of a modern music artist at two levels: local and national, and formulating their differences according to the criteria of the target audience, conducting a communication campaign, using marketing tools, and placing releases. The practical significance of the obtained results is their usage in the process of developing a marketing strategy for artists, in particular, beginners, to enter the music market and quickly monetize their creativity.

Virtually every child is not immune to entering the justice system and this can happen in a variety of ways, covering all areas of justice from the start of a pre-trial investigation to the execution of a judgment in a civil case. In doing so, the justice system should be structured to take into account the «best interests of the child» as broadly understood and to distinguish it from justice where adults are involved. This requires the state, when organising justice, to create special elements in its system aimed at the «best interests of the child», which can be seen quite clearly in the «special features» of child-friendly justice. Alongside this, the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the case law of the European Court of Human Rights is an important benchmark in the protection of human rights, not excluding children’s rights. They cover safeguards for a wide range of rights and in many cases it is through the practice of the Strasbourg Court that important trends in the protection of children’s rights can be seen. As a consequence, an analysis of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights helps to highlight the special features of child-friendly justice, which will contribute to the formation of specific elements, establish their presence (or absence) in practice and the possibility to suggest ways to implement them, both in legislation and in law enforcement practice. A summary of the case law of the European Court of Human Rights in cases involving children’s rights demonstrates to us first and foremost the need for special attention in proceedings involving a child. An analysis of the validity of interference with the various rights guaranteed by the Convention, which does not enshrine separate rights for children, highlights particular elements that need to be enshrined in a child-friendly justice system. The above elements are not an exhaustive list to be considered when implementing child-friendly justice, they may complement each other, depending on the specifics of each situation, and they are a good reference point to be reflected both in legislation and in practice, which may be the subject of further scientific discussion and development. Key words: European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, European Court of Human Rights, child rights, child-friendly justice, best interests of the child.

The range of the polychromous Tulipa suaveolens Roth comprises almost the whole Ponto-Caspian Steppe, from the south-east of Ukraine to western Kazakhstan. High variation in flower color is a unique feature of this species, but features of its geographical distribution remain unclear. We studied T. suaveolens tepal color variation in 56 natural populations across the European range. Tepal colors were detected from digital images using the Lab color model with two chromatic components, a (red color intensity) and b (yellow color intensity). A conclusion was made that, throughout the European range, an obvious T. suaveolens flower color gradient is expressed in the direction from the south-west to the north-east, along which the red chromatic component intensity decreases. A similar gradient is observed when the height above mean sea level increases. The chromatic component a was shown to have a spatial autocorrelation and to depend on the long-term bioclimatic environmental parameters, temperature and precipitation. Thus, the identified geographical trends in the T. suaveolens flower color distribution across the studied part of its range are a consequence of natural selection caused by these two abiotic factors.

Summary. The aim of the study was to improve the results of surgical treatment of patients with malignant neoplasms of the pancreas complicated by mechanical jaundice, as well as to prove the feasibility of combined treatment and staged approach to it using minimally invasive technologies. Materials and methods of the study. The results of treatment of 112 patients with pancreatic cancer who were treated in the surgical department of the Municipal non-commercial enterprise of the Kharkov regional council «Regional Clinical Hospital» from 2018 to 2021 were analyzed. The age of the examined patients averaged (53,2 ± 12,7) (from 37 to 88 years), of which women — 43 (38,0 %), men — 69 (62,0 %). All patients were examined in the laboratory and instrumentally. Results of the study. Mechanical jaundice was observed in 81 (72,0 %) patients. According to the classification of VE Smirnov (1974), in 16 (14,2 %) patients acute jaundice was observed, in 56 (50 %) — acute prolonged and in 40 (35,8 %) — chronic mechanical jaundice. Among the results of the study of the analyzed patients, the minimum level of total bilirubin in mechanical jaundice was 44 μmol/l, the maximum — 546 μmol/l. All patients with mechanical jaundice underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Eight (9,8 %) patients developed complications after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography: bleeding from a papillotomy wound (4), clinic of acute pancreatitis (3), injury of the posterior wall of the duodenum (1). In 2 cases, the procedure failed due to total obstruction of the large duodenal nipple. Among the 79 patients who managed to undergo endoscopic intervention, only 5 cases, according to the commission on cancer care, were recognized as resectable in the future. Conclusions. Minimally invasive methods of restoring bile in mechanical jaundice caused by cancer of the pancreas are effective as independent treatment procedures, staged, which may precede laparotomy.

In the scientific literature, there are many studies on filling content both in the field of systemic development and in the field of human creativity, but the problem of their general influence on the understanding of the system-creative principle of being (reality) in harmony with the laws of nature, which is possible attributed to the basic principle of socio-economic development. At the stage of introducing a knowledge-based economy, the dependence of human life on the laws of nature increases. The laws of nature are the highest reality of being, which is an integral system with a complex multi-level structural and functional organization, which is focused on the systemic creative interaction of a person with the environment. The creative activity of a person is always aimed at changing consciousness by understanding a fundamentally new development process, which provides for the development of appropriate fundamentally new rules for the functioning of society in all spheres of its existence: upbringing, education, management, rethinking the meaning of a person, etc.

The subject of the study in this article is data transmission processes of the video information resource in the information communication systems of the air segment under the conditions of errors in the data transmission channel. The purpose of the article is the development of the method of compression coding in order to ensure an increase in the level of reliability of video information resources under the conditions of errors in communication channels. The following tasks are identified: to develop a method of compression coding using structural decomposition of statistical space; analyze the effectiveness of the developed method from the standpoint of ensuring the required level of reliability. The following results are obtained: the developed method of encoding video information allows increasing the level of reliability in the conditions of the transmission of video information resources in the information communication systems of the air segment due to the localization of the action of errors.