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Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-cpc-10.1177_10556656221149519 for Effect of Acellular Dermal Matrix on Long-Term Speech Outcomes in Primary Palatoplasty with Radical Intravelar Veloplasty by Young Chul Kim, So Min Oh, Bo Ra Park and Tae Suk Oh in The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-cpc-10.1177_10556656221149519 for Effect of Acellular Dermal Matrix on Long-Term Speech Outcomes in Primary Palatoplasty with Radical Intravelar Veloplasty by Young Chul Kim, So Min Oh, Bo Ra Park and Tae Suk Oh in The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

Adolescence is a time of profound changes in the physical wiring and function of the brain. Here, we analyzed structural and functional brain network development in an accelerated longitudinal cohort spanning 14 to 25 y ( n = 199). Core to our work was an advanced in vivo model of cortical wiring incorporating MRI features of corticocortical proximity, microstructural similarity, and white matter tractography. Longitudinal analyses assessing age-related changes in cortical wiring identified a continued differentiation of multiple corticocortical structural networks in youth. We then assessed structure–function coupling using resting-state functional MRI measures in the same participants both via cross-sectional analysis at baseline and by studying longitudinal change between baseline and follow-up scans. At baseline, regions with more similar structural wiring were more likely to be functionally coupled. Moreover, correlating longitudinal structural wiring changes with longitudinal functional connectivity reconfigurations, we found that increased structural differentiation, particularly between sensory/unimodal and default mode networks, was reflected by reduced functional interactions. These findings provide insights into adolescent development of human brain structure and function, illustrating how structural wiring interacts with the maturation of macroscale functional hierarchies.

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-cpc-10.1177_10556656221149519 for Effect of Acellular Dermal Matrix on Long-Term Speech Outcomes in Primary Palatoplasty with Radical Intravelar Veloplasty by Young Chul Kim, So Min Oh, Bo Ra Park and Tae Suk Oh in The Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal

Background: Chromogranin A (CgA) levels have been reported to predict mortality in patients with heart failure. However, information on the prognostic value and clinical availability of CgA is limited. We compared the prognostic value of CgA to that of previously proven natriuretic peptide biomarkers in patients with acute heart failure.Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 272 patients (mean age, 68.5±15.6 years; 62.9% male) who underwent CgA test in the acute stage of heart failure hospitalization between June 2017 and June 2018. The median follow-up period was 348 days. Prognosis was assessed using the composite events of 1-year death and heart failure hospitalization.Results: In-hospital mortality rate during index admission was 7.0% (n=19). During the 1-year follow-up, a composite event rate was observed in 12.1% (n=33) of the patients. The areas under the receiver-operating characteristic curves for predicting 1-year adverse events were 0.737 and 0.697 for N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and CgA, respectively. During follow-up, patients with high CgA levels (>158 pmol/L) had worse outcomes than those with low CgA levels (≤158 pmol/L) (85.2% vs. 58.6%, p

The MICA-MICs dataset provides raw and fully processed multimodal neuroimaging data acquired in 50 healthy control participants at a field strength of 3T. Modalities include high-resolution anatomical (T1-weighted), microstructurally-sensitive (quantitative T1), diffusion-weighted and resting-state functional imaging. In addition, MICA-MICs provides ready-to-use connectomes built across multiple parcellation schemes based on brain anatomy, function, and histology (18 parcellations in total). Processed matrices are available for each imaging modality across a range of parcellation scales. MICA-MICs can also be accessed from the Canadian Open Neuroscience Platform's data portal: https://portal.conp.ca/dataset?id=projects/mica-mics Please cite the following reference if you use this dataset: Royer, J., Rodriguez-Cruces, R., Tavakol, S., Lariviere, S., Herholz, P., Li, Q., Vos de Wael, R., Paquola, C., Benkarim, O., Park, B., Lowe, A.J., Margulies, D.S., Smallwood, J., Bernasconi, A., Bernasconi, N., Frauscher, B., Bernhardt, B.C., 2021. An open MRI dataset for multiscale neuroscience. bioRxiv 2021.08.04.454795. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.04.454795

Additional file 2.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221103006 for Cerebrovascular reactivity and deep white matter hyperintensities in migraine: A prospective CO2 targeting study by Mi Ji Lee, Bo-yong Park, Soohyun Cho, Seonwoo Kim, Hyunjin Park, Sung Tae Kim and Chin-Sang Chung in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Supplementary material

Additional file 1.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jcb-10.1177_0271678X221103006 for Cerebrovascular reactivity and deep white matter hyperintensities in migraine: A prospective CO2 targeting study by Mi Ji Lee, Bo-yong Park, Soohyun Cho, Seonwoo Kim, Hyunjin Park, Sung Tae Kim and Chin-Sang Chung in Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism

Funder: Canada Research Chairs; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001804, Funder: Fonds de la Recherche du Quebec – Santé, Funder: Autism Research Trust, Funder: Canadian Institutes of Health Research; FundRef: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000024, Funder: BrainCanada, Funder: MNI-Cambridge collaborative award, Adolescence is a critical time for the continued maturation of brain networks. Here, we assessed structural connectome development in a large longitudinal sample ranging from childhood to young adulthood. By projecting high-dimensional connectomes into compact manifold spaces, we identified a marked expansion of structural connectomes, with strongest effects in transmodal regions during adolescence. Findings reflected increased within-module connectivity together with increased segregation, indicating increasing differentiation of higher-order association networks from the rest of the brain. Projection of subcortico-cortical connectivity patterns into these manifolds showed parallel alterations in pathways centered on the caudate and thalamus. Connectome findings were contextualized via spatial transcriptome association analysis, highlighting genes enriched in cortex, thalamus, and striatum. Statistical learning of cortical and subcortical manifold features at baseline and their maturational change predicted measures of intelligence at follow-up. Our findings demonstrate that connectome manifold learning can bridge the conceptual and empirical gaps between macroscale network reconfigurations, microscale processes, and cognitive outcomes in adolescent development.

디지털 기술의 순기능을 강화하고 역기능을 예방하려면, 디지털 시민성이 도덕 교과의 새로운 어휘가 되어야 한다. 하지만, 상당수 도덕 교사는 디지털 시민성이 무엇이고, 그것을 도덕 수업에서 어떻게 구현해야 하는지에 대해 풍부한 소양을 갖추고 있지 못하다. 이에 이 논문에서는 의무교육 연한에 해당하는 초· 중학교학생을 위한 디지털 시민성 교육과정을 개발하였다. 이 논문에서 우리는 학생을 디지털 문화에 익숙한 디지털 학생 시민(studentcitizen)으로 상정하고, 국내외의 문헌 분석을 통해 학생의 발달 특성과 학습 요구를 반영하는 디지털 시민성 교육과정을 개발하였다. 우리는 디지털 윤리를 중핵으로 하는 가운데 디지털 활동, 디지털 안전, 디지털 정서 관리를 포괄하는 EASE 모델 기반의 디지털 시민성교육과정을 개발하고, 이것을 도덕 교과에 효율적으로 적용하는 방안을 제시하였다.

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Chapter1: Broad cross-protection by recombinant live attenuated influenza H3N2 seasonal virus expressing conserved M2 extracellular domain in a chimeric hemagglutinin. The objective of project 1 was to determine whether intranasal immunization with live recombinant H3N2 virus expressing chimeric 4xM2e-HA would induce broadly cross-protective immunity against different subtypes of influenza A viruses in a mouse model. In recent years, antigenic drifts have severely limited the effectiveness of the H3N2 component of seasonal influenza vaccines. Here, using the reverse genetic (rg) technique, we generated reassortant seasonal influenza rgH3N2 4xM2e virus containing chimeric 4xM2e-HA in which the HA and NA genes were derived from A/Switzerland/9715293/2013 (H3N2) and the remaining 6 genes from the A/PR8 backbone. Reassortant rgH3N2 4xM2e virus containing chimeric 4xM2e-HA was found to retain comparable growth properties but displayed highly attenuated phenotypes in mice. Cross-protective efficacy against different subtypes (H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N9, H9N2) of influenza A virus was tested in intranasally immunized BALB/c mice with rgH3N2 4xM2e. This study implicates a strategy of improving cross-protection by utilizing currently licensed recombinant influenza vaccine platforms. Chapter2: Enhanced cross-protection by hetero prime-boost vaccination with recombinant influenza viruses containing chimeric hemagglutinin-M2e epitopes. The goal of project 2 was to test whether a strategy of hetero prime-boost vaccination with recombinant influenza viruses expressing chimeric 4xM2e-HA would induce more effective cross-protection than homologous prime-boost vaccination. The impact of heterosubtypic vaccination with recombinant 4xM2e-HA influenza virus vaccines and pre-existing immunity on cross-protection against influenza viruses remains unknown. In this study, I investigated the efficacy of cross-protection by heterosubtypic prime- boost vaccination with live recombinant 4xM2e-HA H1N1 and H3N2 influenza virus vaccines in C57BL/6 mice known to be a low responder to immune-subdominant conserved epitopes. The experimental outcomes of project 2 demonstrated that hetero prime-boost strategies using recombinant 4xM2e-HA influenza virus vaccination induced more effective cross-protection against antigenically different viruses than homologous repeat vaccination in C57BL/6 mice. The roles of M2e and stalk immunity in conferring cross-protection were explored and discussed in this study. Chapter 3: Hemagglutinin virus-like particle is immunogenic and provides heterologous protection against influenza virus in young adult and aged mice. The goal of project 3 was to investigate immune responses and homo and cross-protective efficacy in aged mice after vaccination with a platform of virus-like particles (VLP) presenting H1 HA with and without molecularly anchored cytokine adjuvants incorporated, in comparison with those in young adult mice. Vaccine effectiveness is inferior in the aged population at high risk of severe illness from influenza virus infection. For the elderly, safe and highly immunogenic vaccines need to be developed. In project 3, host immune responses and homo and cross-protective efficacy was determined, after vaccination with a VLP vaccine platform which expresses H1 HA from A/PR8/34 (PR8 HA VLP) in young adults and aged (18-month-old) BALB/c mice. In addition, I investigated the adjuvant impact of cytokines (GM-CSF and IL-12) engineered to be incorporated into HA VLP vaccines on inducing IgG antibodies, hemagglutination inhibition titers, and homo and hetero protection in aged mice, compared to those in young adult mice. Higher doses of vaccination with H1 HA VLP and cytokines incorporated onto H1 HA VLP were found to be more effective in inducing protective immunity against homo and hetero viruses in aged mice.

BackgroundPrenatal exposure to increased androgens has been suggested as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This hypothesis has been examined by measurement of steroids in amniotic fluid, cord blood, saliva, and blood with mixed results.MethodsTo provide an orthogonal measure of fetal exposure, this study used meconium, the first stool of a newborn, to measure prenatal androgen exposure from infants in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI). EARLI is a familial-enriched risk cohort that enrolled pregnant mothers who already had a child with an ASD diagnosis. In the younger child, we investigated the association between meconium unconjugated (u) and total (t) concentrations of major androgens testosterone (T), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and androstenedione (A4), and ASD-related traits at 12 and 36months of age. Traits were measured at 12months with Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) and at 36months with total score on the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS). One hundred and seventy children had meconium and AOSI, 140 had meconium and SRS, and 137 had meconium and both AOSI and SRS.ResultsSeparate robust linear regressions between each of the log-transformed androgens and log-transformed SRS scores revealed three-way interaction between sex of the child, sex of the proband, and testosterone concentration. In the adjusted analyses, t-T, u-A4, and u-DHEA (P ≤ 0.01) were positively associated with AOSI scores, while u-T (P = 0.004) and u-DHEA (P = 0.007) were positively associated with SRS total score among females with female probands (n = 10). Additionally, higher concentrations of u-T (P = 0.01) and t-T (P = 0.01) predicted higher SRS total score in males with male probands (n = 63). Limitations Since we explored three-way interactions, this resulted in a limited sample size for some analyses. This study was from an enriched-risk cohort which may limit generalizability, and this study used ASD-assessment scales as outcomes instead of diagnostic categories. Additionally, the novel use of meconium in this study limits the ability to compare the results in this cohort to others due to the paucity of research on meconium.ConclusionsThis study supports the utility of meconium for studies of endogenous fetal metabolism and suggests the sex of older siblings with autism should be considered as a biological variable in relevant studies.

Exoasota pursatensis Ko & Bae, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12) Type materials. Holotype: ♂, CAMBODIA: Samkos, Pursat Prov., 08 II 2015 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Na S.M., Kim J.W., Lee D.J.), (12°12´38.3"N 102°53´54.3"E), genitalia slide no. INU−6575. Paratypes. (10 ♂, 12 ♀), CAMBODIA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 17 II 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S.), (12°12´41"N 102°54´37"E), genitalia slide no. INU−3672; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 18 II 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S.), (12°12´39"N 102°55´8"E), genitalia slide no. INU−6576; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 19 II 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S.), (12°13´06"N 102°55´8"E); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bokor, Kampot Prov., 13 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (10°36´52"N 104°05´44"E), genitalia slide no. INU−6513; 3 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 19 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12°12´41"N 102°54´38"E); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 20 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12°12´40.43"N 102°53´42.38"E), genitalia slide no. INU−3671; 1 ♂, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 21 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12°12´42.35"N 102°53´40.69"E); 2 ♂, Kulen, Siem Reap Prov., 15 II 2013 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (13°36´43"N 104°06´55"E); 1 ♂, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 16 II 2013 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12°12´45.6"N 102°53´19.2"E Alt.: 839 m), genitalia slide no. INU−3542; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 18 II 2013 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12°12´48.2"N 102°53´29.2"E Alt.: 841 m), genitalia slide no. INU−3541; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 07 II 2015 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Na S.M., Kim J.W., Lee D.J.), (12°12´12.6"N 102°52´10.8"E). THAILAND: 1 ♂, Nakhon Nayok Khao Yai, Alt.: 800 m, 24 IX 1987 (Moriuti, Saito, Arita, Yoshiyasu), Sample no. OPU−110, genitalia slide no. INU−6555. VIETNAM: 1 ♂, Cuc Phuong National Park, 450 mm, 14 VI 2004 (K. T. Park & N. Cuong), Sample no. KNAE 129305, genitalia slide no. INU−6556. MYANMAR: 1 ♀, Shang Kaung, Kachin State, 23 IV 2019 (Ko J.H., Lee T.G., Jeon M.J., Kim Y.H., Jung S.W., Lee J.S.), (27°25´29.46"N 97°17´1.181"E Alt.: 461 m), genitalia slide no. INU−6554. Diagnosis. The hindwing pattern of Exoasota pursatensis sp. nov. resembles Anania hortulata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Anania sinensis Yang & Landry, 2019 (p.17, adult figs. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D) (Crambidae: Pyraustinae), but it can be distinguished from them by the yellow basal area and brown dorsum of the forewing; in male genitalia, uncus slender; valva ovoid and strongly sclerotized at costal margin; fibula curved downward; in female genitalia, corpus bursae oviform and signum absent; appendix bursae absent. Moreover, the appearance of Exoasota pursatensis sp. nov. is similar to Epiparbattia gloriosalis Caradja, 1925 (Fig. 10) (Crambidae: Pyraustinae), but it can be distinguished from latter by the following characters: patagium and tegula with two black orbicular spots; discal cell with two brown patches and brown dorsum of forewing; discal cell of hindwing with a brown orbicular spot; brown subterminal fascia of hindwing; in male genitalia, uncus sharpened; saccus V-shaped; aedeagus with two cornuti; in female genitalia, antrum oblong, strongly sclerotized; corpus bursae oviform and signum absent; appendix bursae absent. Also, this species resembles Asota tortuosa (Moore, 1872) (Figs. 8, 9) (Erebidae: Aganainae) in the yellow basal area and brown terminal to postmedial area of the forewing; brown series of adterminal patches of the hindwing, but it can be distinguished from Asota tortuosa by basal area with two black spots and discal cell with two brown patches of the forewing; discal cell with a brown patch and series of subterminal brown patches of the hindwing. Description. Adult (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7). Length of forewing 28–30 mm in both sexes. Head covered with yellow scales; vertex with a black patch; antennae filiform; ocellus well-developed; chaetosemata absent; labial palpus upturned, brown, mixed with yellow scales; maxillary palpus short, covered with yellow scales; proboscis well-developed, brown, mixed with yellow scales. Patagium and tegula vivid yellow, each with one black orbicular patches. Ground color of forewing white; costal margin brown; basal area yellow, with two black orbicular spots; subbasal line brown, outwardly oblique from basal 1/6 of costa to basal 1/3 of dorsum; discal cell with two brown orbicular spots; submedian line brown, inwardly oblique from CuA 1 to distal 1/3 of dorsum; terminal area brown; dorsum brown; fringe brown. Ground color of hindwing white; discal cell with a brown orbicular spot; postmedial band brown, furrow-shaped; series of adterminal patches or line brown. Abdomen yellow, with symmetrical black, dorsal orbicular spots. Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Uncus slender, curved at distal 1/4, pointed and setose at apex; valva ovoid, costa strongly sclerotized; sacculus band-shaped, about half length of valva; fibula spine-shaped; juxta tube-shaped; vinculum V-shaped, slightly shorter than juxta; aedeagus cylindrical, almost same length as valva, cornuti hookshaped, about 1/3 length of aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 13). Papilla anales ovate; posterior apophyses almost same length as anterior apophyses; antrum tube-shaped, strongly sclerotized, same length as ductus bursae; ductus bursae membranous, about half length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae oval, membranous, without signum. Distribution. Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. The name is derived from the type locality, Purasat Province, Cambodia. Remarks. According to the surveyed specimen, the individuals of Exoasota pursatensis sp. nov. present variations in the wing pattern (Figs. 4–7).

Exoasota pursatensis Ko & Bae, sp. nov. (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12) Type materials. Holotype: ♂, CAMBODIA: Samkos, Pursat Prov., 08 II 2015 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Na S.M., Kim J.W., Lee D.J.), (12��12��38.3"N 102��53��54.3"E), genitalia slide no. INU���6575. Paratypes. (10 ♂, 12 ♀), CAMBODIA: 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 17 II 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S.), (12��12��41"N 102��54��37"E), genitalia slide no. INU���3672; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 18 II 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S.), (12��12��39"N 102��55��8"E), genitalia slide no. INU���6576; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 19 II 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S.), (12��13��06"N 102��55��8"E); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bokor, Kampot Prov., 13 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (10��36��52"N 104��05��44"E), genitalia slide no. INU���6513; 3 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 19 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12��12��41"N 102��54��38"E); 2 ♂, 2 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 20 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12��12��40.43"N 102��53��42.38"E), genitalia slide no. INU���3671; 1 ♂, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 21 VII 2012 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Le X. V., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12��12��42.35"N 102��53��40.69"E); 2 ♂, Kulen, Siem Reap Prov., 15 II 2013 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (13��36��43"N 104��06��55"E); 1 ♂, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 16 II 2013 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12��12��45.6"N 102��53��19.2"E Alt.: 839 m), genitalia slide no. INU���3542; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 18 II 2013 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Lee H.J.), (12��12��48.2"N 102��53��29.2"E Alt.: 841 m), genitalia slide no. INU���3541; 1 ♀, Samkos, Pursat Prov., 07 II 2015 (Bae Y.S., Ju Y.D., Park B.S., Na S.M., Kim J.W., Lee D.J.), (12��12��12.6"N 102��52��10.8"E). THAILAND: 1 ♂, Nakhon Nayok Khao Yai, Alt.: 800 m, 24 IX 1987 (Moriuti, Saito, Arita, Yoshiyasu), Sample no. OPU���110, genitalia slide no. INU���6555. VIETNAM: 1 ♂, Cuc Phuong National Park, 450 mm, 14 VI 2004 (K. T. Park & N. Cuong), Sample no. KNAE 129305, genitalia slide no. INU���6556. MYANMAR: 1 ♀, Shang Kaung, Kachin State, 23 IV 2019 (Ko J.H., Lee T.G., Jeon M.J., Kim Y.H., Jung S.W., Lee J.S.), (27��25��29.46"N 97��17��1.181"E Alt.: 461 m), genitalia slide no. INU���6554. Diagnosis. The hindwing pattern of Exoasota pursatensis sp. nov. resembles Anania hortulata (Linnaeus, 1758) and Anania sinensis Yang & Landry, 2019 (p.17, adult figs. 6A, 6B, 6C, 6D) (Crambidae: Pyraustinae), but it can be distinguished from them by the yellow basal area and brown dorsum of the forewing; in male genitalia, uncus slender; valva ovoid and strongly sclerotized at costal margin; fibula curved downward; in female genitalia, corpus bursae oviform and signum absent; appendix bursae absent. Moreover, the appearance of Exoasota pursatensis sp. nov. is similar to Epiparbattia gloriosalis Caradja, 1925 (Fig. 10) (Crambidae: Pyraustinae), but it can be distinguished from latter by the following characters: patagium and tegula with two black orbicular spots; discal cell with two brown patches and brown dorsum of forewing; discal cell of hindwing with a brown orbicular spot; brown subterminal fascia of hindwing; in male genitalia, uncus sharpened; saccus V-shaped; aedeagus with two cornuti; in female genitalia, antrum oblong, strongly sclerotized; corpus bursae oviform and signum absent; appendix bursae absent. Also, this species resembles Asota tortuosa (Moore, 1872) (Figs. 8, 9) (Erebidae: Aganainae) in the yellow basal area and brown terminal to postmedial area of the forewing; brown series of adterminal patches of the hindwing, but it can be distinguished from Asota tortuosa by basal area with two black spots and discal cell with two brown patches of the forewing; discal cell with a brown patch and series of subterminal brown patches of the hindwing. Description. Adult (Figs. 1, 4, 5, 6, 7). Length of forewing 28���30 mm in both sexes. Head covered with yellow scales; vertex with a black patch; antennae filiform; ocellus well-developed; chaetosemata absent; labial palpus upturned, brown, mixed with yellow scales; maxillary palpus short, covered with yellow scales; proboscis well-developed, brown, mixed with yellow scales. Patagium and tegula vivid yellow, each with one black orbicular patches. Ground color of forewing white; costal margin brown; basal area yellow, with two black orbicular spots; subbasal line brown, outwardly oblique from basal 1/6 of costa to basal 1/3 of dorsum; discal cell with two brown orbicular spots; submedian line brown, inwardly oblique from CuA 1 to distal 1/3 of dorsum; terminal area brown; dorsum brown; fringe brown. Ground color of hindwing white; discal cell with a brown orbicular spot; postmedial band brown, furrow-shaped; series of adterminal patches or line brown. Abdomen yellow, with symmetrical black, dorsal orbicular spots. Male genitalia (Fig. 11). Uncus slender, curved at distal 1/4, pointed and setose at apex; valva ovoid, costa strongly sclerotized; sacculus band-shaped, about half length of valva; fibula spine-shaped; juxta tube-shaped; vinculum V-shaped, slightly shorter than juxta; aedeagus cylindrical, almost same length as valva, cornuti hookshaped, about 1/3 length of aedeagus. Female genitalia (Fig. 13). Papilla anales ovate; posterior apophyses almost same length as anterior apophyses; antrum tube-shaped, strongly sclerotized, same length as ductus bursae; ductus bursae membranous, about half length of corpus bursae; corpus bursae oval, membranous, without signum. Distribution. Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Host plants. Unknown. Etymology. The name is derived from the type locality, Purasat Province, Cambodia. Remarks. According to the surveyed specimen, the individuals of Exoasota pursatensis sp. nov. present variations in the wing pattern (Figs. 4���7)., Published as part of Ko, Jae-Ho, Bayarsaikhan, Ulziijargal, Park, Bo-Sun, Lee, Tak-Gi, Cha, Yeong-Bin, Jang, Chang-Moon, Lee, Jong Koo & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2020, Exoasota pursatensis Ko & Bae, new genus and species of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from Indochina, pp. 119-127 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 121-126, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4450871, {"references":["Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema Naturae. 10 th Edition. Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp.","Yang, Z. & Landry, J. F. (2019) Allopatric separation represents an overlooked cryptic species in the Anania hortulata species complex (Lepidoptera: Crambidae: Pyraustinae): congruence between genetic and morphological evidence. The Canadian Entomologist, 151 (2), 163 - 186. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / tce. 2018.70","Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Series 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2.","Moore, F. (1872) Descriptions of new Indian Lepidoptera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1872, 555 - 583, pls. 32 - 42."]}

Genus Exoasota Ko & Bae, gen. nov. TS: Exoasota pursatensis Ko & Bae, sp. nov. Gender: feminine. Diagnosis. The new genus is morphologically similar to Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925 (Crambidae, Pyraustinae), but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: patagium with two black orbicular spots; tegula with two black orbicular spots at middle; costal margin of forewing brown or light brown; basal area of forewing yellow, with two black orbicular spots; dorsum of forewing brown; discal cell of hindwing with a brown orbicular patch; fringe of hindwing brown; abdomen with symmetrical black, dorsal orbicular spots in each segments; in male genitalia, uncus long and pointed; valva ovoid; fibula spine-shaped, curved downwardly; juxta oblong; succus Vshaped; in female genitalia, antrum oblong, strongly sclerotized; corpus bursae cylindrical, without signum. Also, this genus is very similar to Asota Hübner, [1819] (Erebidae, Aganainae) superficially, but it can be distinguished from Asota by the following characters: vertex with a black patch; patagium and tegula with two black orbicular spots; basal area of forewing with two black orbicular spots. Description. Head covered with yellow scales; antennae filiform; ocellus well-developed; chaetosemata absent; labial palpus upturned; maxillary palpus minute; proboscis well-developed (Fig. 1). Thorax vivid yellow. Forewing rather rhomboid and with discal spots; costal margin nearly straight; apex pointed; termen somewhat arched; dorsum straight; frenulum hook absent; female with two frenular bristles. Hindwing fan-shaped, with discal spot, postmedian fascia and adterminal line or series of patches; costal margin rather straight; termen and dorsum rounded (Figs. 4−7). Venation (Fig. 3): forewing with 13 veins: Sc free; R 1 and R 2 free; R 3 and R 4 stalked for most of length; R 2 and R 3 +R 4 approximated; R 5 free; M 1 free; M 2 and M 3 approximated at base, before lower angle of discal cell; M 3 and CuA 1 from lower angle of discal cell; 1A free; 2A forming complete loop; discal cell about 1/2 length of forewing. Hindwing with 10 veins: Sc+R 1 and Rs stalked for 2/3 length of Rs; M 1 from upper angle of discal cell; M 1 and M 2 from lower angle of discal cell; CuA 1 and CuA 2 stalked for 2/5 length of CuA 2; 1A, 2A and 3A free; discal cell about 1/3 length of hindwing. Abdomen covered with yellow scales and symmetrical black orbicular spots (Figs. 4−7). Tympanal organs well˗developed, broadly rounded, deeply concave; fornix tympani projecting in ventral direction; tympanum and conjunctivum angled; praecinctorium strongly bilobed (Figs. 2, 12). In male genitalia, uncus slender, sharpened, and setose at apex; valva oval-shaped, sclerotized at costal margin; fibula strongly sclerotized, spine-shaped; sacculus sclerotized; juxta oblong; saccus V-shaped; aedeagus cylindrical, cornuti present (Fig. 11). In female genitalia, apophyses anterior and posterior short; ostium tube-shaped, sclerotized; ductus bursae narrow, membranous; corpus bursae ovoid and signum absent (Fig. 13). Distribution. Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the prefix Exo, derived from the Greek for “outside”, and the suffix Asota in reference to the genus Asota (Erebidae), from where species are very similar in the wing pattern. Gender is feminine.

Genus Exoasota Ko & Bae, gen. nov. TS: Exoasota pursatensis Ko & Bae, sp. nov. Gender: feminine. Diagnosis. The new genus is morphologically similar to Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925 (Crambidae, Pyraustinae), but it can be distinguished from the latter by the following characters: patagium with two black orbicular spots; tegula with two black orbicular spots at middle; costal margin of forewing brown or light brown; basal area of forewing yellow, with two black orbicular spots; dorsum of forewing brown; discal cell of hindwing with a brown orbicular patch; fringe of hindwing brown; abdomen with symmetrical black, dorsal orbicular spots in each segments; in male genitalia, uncus long and pointed; valva ovoid; fibula spine-shaped, curved downwardly; juxta oblong; succus Vshaped; in female genitalia, antrum oblong, strongly sclerotized; corpus bursae cylindrical, without signum. Also, this genus is very similar to Asota H��bner, [1819] (Erebidae, Aganainae) superficially, but it can be distinguished from Asota by the following characters: vertex with a black patch; patagium and tegula with two black orbicular spots; basal area of forewing with two black orbicular spots. Description. Head covered with yellow scales; antennae filiform; ocellus well-developed; chaetosemata absent; labial palpus upturned; maxillary palpus minute; proboscis well-developed (Fig. 1). Thorax vivid yellow. Forewing rather rhomboid and with discal spots; costal margin nearly straight; apex pointed; termen somewhat arched; dorsum straight; frenulum hook absent; female with two frenular bristles. Hindwing fan-shaped, with discal spot, postmedian fascia and adterminal line or series of patches; costal margin rather straight; termen and dorsum rounded (Figs. 4���7). Venation (Fig. 3): forewing with 13 veins: Sc free; R 1 and R 2 free; R 3 and R 4 stalked for most of length; R 2 and R 3 +R 4 approximated; R 5 free; M 1 free; M 2 and M 3 approximated at base, before lower angle of discal cell; M 3 and CuA 1 from lower angle of discal cell; 1A free; 2A forming complete loop; discal cell about 1/2 length of forewing. Hindwing with 10 veins: Sc+R 1 and Rs stalked for 2/3 length of Rs; M 1 from upper angle of discal cell; M 1 and M 2 from lower angle of discal cell; CuA 1 and CuA 2 stalked for 2/5 length of CuA 2; 1A, 2A and 3A free; discal cell about 1/3 length of hindwing. Abdomen covered with yellow scales and symmetrical black orbicular spots (Figs. 4���7). Tympanal organs well��developed, broadly rounded, deeply concave; fornix tympani projecting in ventral direction; tympanum and conjunctivum angled; praecinctorium strongly bilobed (Figs. 2, 12). In male genitalia, uncus slender, sharpened, and setose at apex; valva oval-shaped, sclerotized at costal margin; fibula strongly sclerotized, spine-shaped; sacculus sclerotized; juxta oblong; saccus V-shaped; aedeagus cylindrical, cornuti present (Fig. 11). In female genitalia, apophyses anterior and posterior short; ostium tube-shaped, sclerotized; ductus bursae narrow, membranous; corpus bursae ovoid and signum absent (Fig. 13). Distribution. Cambodia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam. Etymology. The generic name is a combination of the prefix Exo, derived from the Greek for ���outside���, and the suffix Asota in reference to the genus Asota (Erebidae), from where species are very similar in the wing pattern. Gender is feminine., Published as part of Ko, Jae-Ho, Bayarsaikhan, Ulziijargal, Park, Bo-Sun, Lee, Tak-Gi, Cha, Yeong-Bin, Jang, Chang-Moon, Lee, Jong Koo & Bae, Yang-Seop, 2020, Exoasota pursatensis Ko & Bae, new genus and species of the Spilomelinae (Lepidoptera: Pyraloidea: Crambidae) from Indochina, pp. 119-127 in Zootaxa 4838 (1) on pages 120-121, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/4450871, {"references":["Caradja, A. (1925) Ueber Chinas Pyraliden, Tortriciden, Tineiden nebst kurze Betrachtungen, zu denen das Studium dieser Fauna Veranlassung gibt (Eine biogeographische Skizze). Academia Romana Memoriile Sectiunii Stiintifice, Series 3, 3 (7), 257 - 383, pls. 1 - 2."]}

Additional file 1. Supplementary tables and figures.

Additional file 1: Supplemental Table 1. Correlation (Spearman Rho) between each air pollutant. Supplemental Table 2. Correlation (Spearman Rho) between each measured immune marker. Supplemental Table 3. Linear Regression Models: ln (Immune Marker) ~ Air Pollutant + Covariates, among ASD w/ ID + GP analytic dataset. Supplemental Table 4. Linear Regression Models: ln (Immune Marker) ~ Air Pollutant + Covariates, among ASD wo/ ID + GP analytic dataset. Supplemental Table 5. Linear Regression Models: ln (Immune Marker) ~ Air Pollutant + Covariates, among ID w/o ASD + GP analytic dataset. Supplemental Table 6. Natural Effects Mediation Modeling to assess whether immune marker mediates association between air pollutant and ASD w/ ID (relative to GP). Supplemental Table 7. Natural Effects Mediation Modeling to assess whether immune marker mediates association between air pollutant and ASD w/o ID (relative to GP). Supplemental Table 8. Natural Effects Mediation Modeling to assess whether immune marker mediates association between air pollutant and ID w/o (relative to GP).

Additional file1. Supplementary information: Supplementary information accompanies this paper at https://doi.org/10.1186/s11671-020-03395-w. 1. Anti-MUC1-VHH 5-24 10 K ver.; 2. Characterization of core-shell Fe3O4-Au NPs and nanobody- Fe3O4-Au NPs; 3. Confocal microscopy imaging; 4. Cell viability test (WST-1 assay)

Neuroscience is revealing the mysteries of human brain. It is a natural phenomenon that pre-service teachers have great interest in neuroscience. The reason is that such concepts as memory, motivation, curiosity, intelligence and emotion based on recent neuroscientific researches are highly important in education. However neuroscience is a kind of complex and difficult discipline that pre-service teachers are not fully able to understand. As a result, a variety of neuromyths are pervasive among pre-service teachers. Unfortunately, many pre-service teachers have wrong knowledge and information on human brain. Many pre-service teachers are ill equipped to judge the accuracy and relevance of neuroscientific explanations. In this study, we investigated the neuromyths among pre-service teachers majoring in ethics education in both elementary and secondary level. The results of this study indicate that numerous neuromyths on human brain, education, and moral education are pervasive among pre-service teachers majoring in ethics education. This study demonstrates the need to promote pre-service teachers` neuroscientific literacy in teacher training programs.

Table S1. Targeted rare diseases included in the co-payment assistance policy established by the NHIS according to KCD codes in Korea. Description of data: Additional file 1 includes the full list of targeted rare diseases covered by the co-payment assistance policy for rare and incurable diseases in South Korea. Registered patients with rare diseases make out-of-pocket payments that comprise about 10% of the total cost of medical treatment, which is normally 20%â 60% of the total cost of treatment. (DOCX 48 kb)

Additional file 1: Figure S1. Overview of study design. Figure S2. Surrogate variable analysis in MARBLES subjects. Figure S3. Surrogate variable analysis in EARLI subjects for the ASD versus TD comparison. Figure S4. Surrogate variable analysis in EARLI subjects for the Non-TD versus TD comparison. Figure S5. Identification of ASD-associated differentially-expressed genes in cord blood within each study. Figure S6. Identification of Non-TD-associated differentially-expressed genes in cord blood within each study. Figure S7. Correlations between ASD and Non-TD expression differences in MARBLES and EARLI subjects. Figure S8. Expression level distribution of meta-analysis ASD versus TD differential probes is similar to non-differential probes. Figure S9. Cord blood differentially-expressed genes are not enriched for ASD-associated gene sets. Figure S10. Cord blood differentially-expressed genes are depleted for blood cell-specific genes. Figure S11. Expression level distribution of meta-analysis Non-TD versus TD differential probes is similar to non-differential probes. Figure S12. Consensus coexpression modules identified in MARBLES and EARLI. Figure S13. Consensus module eigengene networks are preserved between MARBLES and EARLI subjects. Figure S14. Consensus modules are correlated with diagnosis and demographic factors in MARBLES subjects. Figure S15. Consensus modules are correlated with demographic factors in EARLI subjects. Figure S16. Consensus modules are correlated with diagnosis and demographic factors in meta-analysis. Figure S17. Skyblue1 module is specifically expressed in males and is enriched for genes upregulated in ASD. Figure S18. Consensus modules are strongly correlated with cell type proportions in meta-analysis. Figure S19. The B cell-associated grey60 module is upregulated during cesarean delivery and is downregulated in ASD. Figure S20. Anticipated power curve calculated by ssize.fdr R package with projected proportions of non-differentially expressed genes as 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95 and 0.98.

Table S2. Annual cumulative incidence per 10,000,000 insured population for rare diseases in the register of the co-payment assistance policy according to KCD codes from 2011â 2015. Description of data: Additional file 2 includes the annual cumulative incidence per 10,000,000 for each targeted rare disease from 2011â 2015. Annual cumulative incidence per 10,000,000 was calculated as the total number of newly enrolled patients with the KCD-7 code in the register of the co-payment assistance policy for rare and incurable diseases during a calendar year, divided by the number of residents with health insurance coverage in each year. (DOCX 80 kb)

Three prominent research programmes in cognitive psychology would benefit from a stronger engagement with the cultural context of cognition: studies of poverty focused on scarcity and cognitive bandwidth, studies of dual-processmorality and stud- ies of biases using the implicit association test. We address some limitations of these programmes and suggest research strat- egies for moving beyond an exclusive focus on cognition. Research on poverty using the cognitive bandwidth approach would benefit from considering the cultural schemas that influence how people perceive and prioritize needs. Dual-process morality researchers could explain variation by analysing cultural repertoires that structure moral choices. Research using the implicit association test can better explain implicit attitudes by addressing the variability in cultural schemas that undergird biases. We identify how these research programmes can deepen the causal understanding of human attitudes and behaviours by address- ing the interaction between internal cognition and supra-individual cultural repertoires.

Considerable part of moral behavior is based on psychological traits which exist in an individual. This study raises possibility of existence of moral personality as a psychological construct of personality which produces individual difference in moral behavior. As it is necessary to consider personality of an individual, that is, their temperament, character and narrative, in order to understand thoroughly the individual`s behaviors, so it is necessary to consider their moral personality in order to understand completely the behaviors of moral self. There are individual differences in types, strengths and maturity of moral behavior. It is because moral traits which produces types of moral behavior exist in an individual`s biological and genetic temperament. In addition, it is because moral adaptation which produces strength of moral behavior exists in an individual`s environmental and experiential character. Moreover, it is because moral reflection which maturates moral behavior exists in reflective and self-defining narrative. Moral personality can be conceptualized as ‘an individual`s complex organization of moral traits, moral adaptation and moral reflection which grants their life a moral orientation and coherence’ and individual difference in moral behavior originates from individual difference in moral personality. This study verifies through a series of basic empirical researches that moral personality can be structuralized in three dimensions which are moral traits, moral adaption and moral reflection. Moral reflection on one`s moral traits and moral adaptation can maturate moral behavior. Moral maturity means moral behavior becoming more familiar, versed and complete by reflecting one`s root and competency of moral behavior.

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects more than 1% of children in the USA. The male-to-female prevalence ratio of roughly 4:1 in ASD is a well-recognized but poorly understood phenomenon. An explicit focus on potential etiologic pathways consistent with this sex difference, such as those involving prenatal androgen exposure, may help elucidate causes of ASD. Furthermore, the multi-threshold liability model suggests that the genetic mechanisms in females with ASD may be distinct and may modulate ASD risk in families with female ASD in the pedigree.MethodsWe examined umbilical cord blood from 137 children in the Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) cohort. EARLI is an ASD-enriched risk cohort with all children having an older sibling already diagnosed with ASD. Fetal testosterone (T), androstenedione (A4), and dehyroepiandrosterone (DHEA) levels were measured in cord blood using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Robust linear regression models were used to determine associations between cord blood androgen levels and 12-month Autism Observation Scales for Infants (AOSI) scores and 36-month Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) scores adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsIncreasing androgens were not associated with increasing 12-month AOSI score or 36-month total SRS score in either boys or girls. However, the association between T and autistic traits among subjects with a female older affected sibling was greater at 12months (test of interaction, P = 0.008) and deficits in reciprocal social behavior at 36months were also greater (test of interaction, P = 0.006) than in subjects whose older affected sibling was male.ConclusionsWhile increased prenatal testosterone levels were not associated with autistic traits at 12 or 36months, our findings of a positive association in infants whose older ASD-affected siblings were female suggests an androgen-related mechanism that may be dependent on, or related to, genetic liability factors present more often in families containing female ASD cases. However, this initial finding, based on a small subgroup of our sample, should be interpreted with considerable caution.