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Background & objectives: Aedes mosquito control has gained much importance nowadays in view of rise in number of reported cases of dengue and chikungunya in India and other countries. In the present study, C21 attracticide (containing a pheromone and an insect growth regulator-IGR, developed by Defence Research and Development Establishment (DRDE), Gwalior, India was tested for its feasibility for surveillance and control of Aedes mosquito in a multicentric mode from October 2007 to June 2012 in urban (Delhi, and Bengaluru district, Karnataka) and suburban (Alappuzha district, Kerala) settings of the country in three phases. Methods: Across the randomly selected households in each study area, two to four containers treated with attracticide (experimental) and untreated (control) were placed and monitored by trained surveillance workers on weekly/ fortnightly basis for determining the presence of eggs, larvae and pupae. Container positivity, percent larvae, egg and pupae collected were determined during different phases and analyzed statistically using SPSS 18.0. Results: Container positivity was found statistically significant at Bengaluru and Alappuzha, Kerala while in Delhi, it was found non-significant. Eggs collected from experimental containers were significantly higher in comparison to control at all the locations except Delhi. Also larvae collected from control containers were significantly higher at all the locations except Bengaluru. Pupae collected from control containers remained significantly higher at all the locations as no pupal formation was recorded from experimental containers. Interpretation & conclusion: The use of C21 attracticide hampered pupal formation, thus inhibiting adult population in the study areas. The study established that C21 attracticide was efficacious in the field conditions and has potential for use in surveillance and management of dengue and chikungunya mosquitoes.

The industrial and commercial establishments of the City and County of Honolulu (CCH) have increased their water consumption dramatically in recent years. This study examined water use in the food-processing industry, non-food processing industries, and the commercial sector in relation to price of water and output/sales of the industrial or commercial unit. The generalized least-squares (GLS) procedure was used to estimate the regression equations, although the results of ordinary least-squares(OLS) estimation are also presented. The study results showed sensitivity of water use in relation to price level in the case of the food-processingindustry and insensitivity in the non-food processing and commercial establishments. Analogous results were found with respect to water use and number of employees.

Multi-unit housing residents are important consumers of fresh water in the City and County of Honolulu (CCH). This study examined water use in private multi-unit residences as well as Hawaii Housing Authority (HHA) multi-units in relation to variables such as price of water, number of units, income of residents, etc. using monthly water use data of the top 100 Honolulu Board of Water Supply (BWS) water users. The generalized least squares (GLS) procedure was used to estimate the regressionequations, although the results of ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation are also presented.Based on the results, inducing lower water use by raising the water price appeared somewhat feasible in the case of private multi-unit residences. The same was not, however, true in the case of HHA housing units. A long-term plan to make the water users (who have so far been shielded from bearing the cost directly) pay for water directly (by installing water meters for individual units) has been suggested to promote the...

THE CONSERVATION EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION WATER SUPPLY PRICING ARE EXAMINED BY EMPLOYING DATA ON IRRIGATION WATER USE FROM THE HONOLULU BOARD OF WATER SUPPLY (BWS) AND THE WAIMANALO IRRIGATION SYSTEM ...

[¹⁸F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (FDG-PET) is commonly used to assess response to patients treated with radiation (RT) or combination of chemotherapy and RT (CRT). The intent of this pilot study is to explore whether [¹⁸F]fluorocholine PET (FCH-PET) can serve as an early predictive biomarker for early detection of RT/CRT response.Fourteen patients have been accrued and analyzed. The lesions were base of tongue, tonsil, nodes, hypopharynx, maxilla, palate, lung, pancreas, brain, uterine, and rectal. There were 16 lesions that were considered target lesion and were followed for correlation between change in FCH-PET SUVmax readings and clinical outcome. Median tumor size was 4.4 cm. Median RT dose was 66 Gy. The change in SUVmax (Δ SUVmax) of FCH-PET scans performed before and during RT was correlated with clinical outcome at the last follow-up.The median FCH-PET SUVmax for the 1st and 2nd scans was 6.15 and 4.65, respectively. Fourteen (87.5%) lesions showed a reduction in SUVmax in either a complete response (CR) or a partial response (PR), and 2 lesions showed an increase in SUVmax both of which were determined to be non-response (NR). The median percentage change between the 1st and 2nd scan was -19.5%. Forty-four percent of lesions (7/16) had CR, 44% (7/16) had PR, and 12% (2/16) had NR (no response). Median follow-up was 12 months. The results showed a difference between NR and PR, between NR and CR, and a trend towards significance (p=0.06).FCH-PET scan demonstrated changes in SUVmax during RT that were predictive of final outcome.