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The prediction of global sedimentation rates is a critical aspect of comprehending various phenomena, such as carbon sequestration and seafloor stability. With the advent of machine learning, there has been an increasing trend towards utilizing these techniques to predict quantities on the seafloor, including porosity and total organic carbon. Several studies have been conducted to predict sedimentation rates[cm/ka] and mass accumulation rates[Mt/yr] using techniques such as k Nearest Neighbors and neural networks. However, a significant issue with these methods is the observed tendency for the models to over-predict sediment budget, a crucial parameter in evaluating the validity of predictions. This bias may stem from the paucity of low sedimentation rate data points on the continental shelves, where most scientific expeditions concentrate on high sedimentation rate areas. This bias disregards valuable data on low sedimentation rates, which would be useful in developing a comprehensive global map of sedimentation rates. To address this issue, there are several potential methods. The first involves identifying physical parameters, such as porosity, sediment grain size and bottom currents, that correlate with low sedimentation rates and can be utilized to identify these areas. The second involves utilizing few-shot learning, a machine learning technique that allows for training with limited low sedimentation rate labels. The third method involves the use of numerical models in small spatial areas, which can offer further insights into the processes behind low sedimentation rates and provide more data for analysis., The 28th IUGG General Assembly (IUGG2023) (Berlin 2023)

Outside of clinical trials and before commercial availability for acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), the Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib was available to US patients with steroid-refractory GVHD through an open-label, multicenter expanded access program (EAP) sponsored by Incyte Corporation. To assess the safety of ruxolitinib, data on serious adverse events (SAEs) reported among patients in the EAP were collected. Patients ≥12 years old who received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for a hematologic malignancy and developed any-grade acute or chronic steroid-refractory GVHD received ruxolitinib at a starting dose of 5 mg twice daily (BID; acute GVHD) or 10 mg BID (chronic GVHD). At data extraction (May 8, 2020), 60 patients with acute GVHD and 549 with chronic GVHD were enrolled. In the acute and chronic GVHD cohorts, 41 (68.3%) and 186 (33.9%) patients, respectively, had ≥1 SAE. Sepsis (8.3%) and respiratory failure (6.7%) were the most common SAEs in the acute GVHD cohort, and pneumonia (4.9%), sepsis (3.8%), and lung infection (3.5%) in chronic GVHD. Infection SAEs were reported in 23.3% and 20.0% of patients with acute and chronic GVHD, respectively. Overall, these safety findings demonstrate the tolerability of ruxolitinib in steroid-refractory GVHD.

Despite a sea change in the therapeutic landscape, multiple myeloma (MM), a cancer of antibody producing plasma cells, remains incurable requiring continued intervention for disease control. In this context, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapeutic approach with unprecedented results in heavily treated relapsed and/or refractory MM patients. Although B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is the current lead target for CAR-T cell therapy in MM, several other antigenic targets are also being investigated. Relapses, however, are inevitable in spite of the promising early responses, and may be mediated by antigenic modulation, poor persistence and "immunostat" in tumor microenvironment. Akin to multi-agent chemotherapy, multi-targeted CAR-T antigens and combinatorial approaches are underway to overcome the resistance mechanisms. Further, CAR-T specific toxicity concerns such as cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity, as well as manufacturing time lag are other key challenges. Allogeneic CAR that offers "off-the-shelf" options, and mRNA transfected CAR are being developed to mitigate the access and safety issues. In this review we provide the comprehensive review of the most current clinical trial data for CAR-T in myeloma, challenges associated with this therapy and discuss its future in myeloma therapeutics.

The BASHH Genital Dermatology (GD) Special Interest Group (SIG) evolved from the Joint Colposcopy and GD group following the BASHH Spring meeting in New York in 2008. It was recognised that colposcopy was declining in genitourinary medicine (GUM) practice, and interest was increasing in the management of genital skin conditions, in which the colposcope could be used as a tool. Use of the colposcope for high-resolution anoscopy saw the colposcopy component being dropped , as the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Specialist Group were more appropriately placed to develop its use, but we continue to work closely together, having run joint BASHH scientific sessions over the recent years. The name of the SIG was changed to GD SIG in November 2013. The SIG aims to provide continuing medical education and thus improve quality of patient care. Further development of the group and redefining of its remit have seen some of the original members continuing in new roles, and fresh faces providing new impetus and support, which saw us revisit the trainee survey …

Specialty and Associate Specialist (SAS) doctors in sexual health in the United Kingdom conducted this baseline audit against standards in the British Association of Sexual Health and HIV (BASHH) Management of STIs and related conditions in children and young people (2010) guideline: offer of screen (standard 90%), acceptance of screen (90%), completion of risk assessment proforma (100%), following a guideline (100%). Staff in 73 clinics submitted data for 2108 patient episodes. Of these clinics 68 (93%) follow BASHH guidelines and 68 (93%) use a record proforma. Of the 2108 patients 1732 (82%) were assessed using a proforma. Where a proforma was used the records were more complete: data were present for 82% of four selected characteristics when a proforma was used and 33% of these characteristics when not used. Of the 2108 patients 1946 were at risk of infection, 1871 (96%) were offered tests and 1692 (90%) accepted. Standards were met on offer and acceptance of tests. Most participating clinics follow guidelines, but the standard of 100% was not met. Use of a proforma was frequent and was shown to improve assessment; the standard of 100% use was not met. The main recommendation is to implement conscientious use of a proforma at all clinics.

Patients with conditions affecting the perianal skin present to various clinics, from proctology to sexual health to general practice. The boundaries of such specialties as dermatology, infectious disease and gastrointestinal surgery are crossed by the range of diagnoses that underlie complaints in the perianal region. The problem may be local to the area, be an indication of intestinal disease or represent a manifestation of a generalized dermatological disorder. In the latter case, it is notable that the moist and warm environment of the perianal region often produces differing appearances to those characteristic of the disease elsewhere.

Flow cytometry (FC) is frequently used to detect aberrant peripheral blood (PB) T cells ("Sézary cells") in patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS). However, immunophenotypic stability of MF/SS over time is not well characterized. We analyzed 141 PB samples from 9 cases (2 SS, 7 MF). At diagnosis, there were 3 to 5 immunophenotypic aberrancies per case (median, 4), including dim or absent CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD7, or CD26 and bright CD45RO. Of 9 patients, 7 had a subsequent change in immunophenotype. All patients retained multiple aberrancies at follow-up (median, 3 per analysis; range, 2-6), of which 22.0% (81/369) were new. In 5 patients, a more than 99% decrease in absolute Sézary cell (ASC) counts by FC after alemtuzumab therapy or total skin electron beam radiation was associated with clinical improvement. We observed minor immunophenotypic changes over time in most patients with MF/SS; however, the Sézary clones maintain persistently aberrant immunophenotypes and seem amenable to follow-up with limited FC panels. ASC counts by FC correlated well with clinical response.

In addition to cooperation, research in disaster management exposes the need for policy awareness to recognize relevant information in enhancing cooperation. Intelligent software agents have previously been employed for problem solving in disaster situations but without incorporating how the agents can create or model awareness. This paper presents an awareness based modelling method, called MAAP, to maintain awareness of software agents of a given set of policies. The paper presents preliminary results indicating that the use of policies as a source of awareness, as facilitated by MAAP, is a potentially effective method to enhance cooperation.

There are no data on the extent to which genital dermatological (GD) problems are managed in the UK genitourinary medicine (GUM) clinics or the expertise available. The British Clinical Cooperative Group conducted a survey in 2009 to gather information on case load, common problems seen, management pathways and provision …