Search

Socialist democracy appeared in the theory of democracy as an eminently non-western form of democracy in the period of de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The concept of socialist democracy based on the theses that can differentiate socialist democracy from liberal or parliamentarian democracy: (1) the unity of the power of the proletariat, led by its vanguard political force of the communists, and (2) the setting of the framework of democratic decision-making in the field of labor. Socialist democracy was indeed a form of directed democracy beyond that it had systemic aspirations to create an alternative socio-economic model. This article aims to trace the historical-semantic formation of socialist democracy and discuss its main institutions in the years of post-totalitarian socialist Hungary between 1956 and 1989. What is remarkable in the case of Hungary is that the development of socialist democracy was accompanied by economic reforms to the planned economy from the first half of the 1960s. Thus, socialist democracy focused on the democratization and institutional system of the workplace, mainly as factory democracy and cooperative democracy. With the liberalization and capitalization of socialist economy in the eighties, however, these forms failed to manage the problems of economic incentives and social atomization.

Routine ultrasound (US)-guidance for femoral venous access to decrease vascular complications of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation procedures has been advocated. However, the benefit has not been unequivocally demonstrated by randomized-trial data.Consecutive patients undergoing pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) on uninterrupted anticoagulant treatment were included. A quasi-random allocation to either US-guided or conventional puncture group was based on which of the two procedure rooms the patient was scheduled in, with only one of the rooms equipped with an US machine including a vascular transducer. The same 4 novice operators in rotation, with no relevant previous experience in US-guided vascular access performed venous punctures in both rooms. Major and minor vascular complications and the rate of prolonged hospitalization were compared. Major vascular complication was defined as groin hematoma, arteriovenous fistula, or pseudoaneurysm. Hematoma was considered as a major vascular complication if it met type 2 or higher Bleeding Academic Research Consortium criteria (requiring nonsurgical, medical intervention by a health care professional; leading to hospitalization or increased level of care, or prompting evacuation). Of the 457 patients 199 were allocated to the US-guided puncture group, while the conventional, palpation-based approach was performed in 258 cases. Compared to the conventional technique, US-guidance reduced the rate of any vascular complication (11.63% vs. 2.01%, p

The Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan, Lagopus muta hyperborea, is the only year-round resident terrestrial bird in the high Arctic. Many of the physiological and morphological adaptations permitting its winter endurance in this harsh environment are well understood. However, it remains unknown how the conspicuous moult from a greyish brown summer to a white winter plumage, and any underlying changes in plumage structure and feather morphology, contribute to seasonal acclimatisation. We used standard morphometric techniques to describe the seasonal change in plumage and feather characteristics in six body regions. Then, we investigated whether winter plumage traits differed between first-winter and adult (second winter, or older) birds, because a difference in coat insulation has been suggested as an explanation for why first-winter Svalbard Ptarmigan loose more heat than adults. Plumage feather density (i.e., feathers × cm−2) and mass density (i.e., mg feathers × cm−2) were higher in winter, particularly on the head and feet where individual feathers were also heavier, longer, and downier. Seasonal changes in other regions (back, tarsi) indicated acclimatisation primarily to resist physical wear and wind. First-winter and adult birds had similar feather densities. However, mass density in first-winter birds was significantly lower than in adults in all but one body region (back) because individual feathers weighed less. This can explain previous observations of higher heat loss rates in first-winter birds. Our study suggests that plumage acclimatisation contributes to optimising the winter phenotype of Svalbard Rock Ptarmigan, both through higher insulative capacity and by improved resistance to harsh weather. The extent of these adaptations may be determined by the time or energy available for feather growth, exemplified here by inferior insulation in first-winter birds.

AC K N OW L E D G M E N T S This study was funded by projects: IB20089 from the Consejería de Economía, Ciencia y Agenda Digital of the Junta de Extremadura and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional, P11-RNM-7038 from Junta de Andalucía, and PR(19_ECO_0070) from Ayudas Fundación BBVA a Equipos de Investigación Científica 2019. MF was supported by a Juan de la Cierva 2017 Formación contract (FJCI-2017-34394) from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie (grant agreement No 844285, ‘EpiEcoMod’) and she is currently funded by a Ramón y Cajal postdoctoral contract (RYC2021- 031613-I) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN). JJP was supported by the Fundación Tatiana Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno. JMP was supported by ProyExcel_00049 financed by Proyectos I+D+i of Junta de Andalucía 2021. LGL was supported by Junta de Extremadura (IB20089, Post-Doc grant). JM was supported by a Juan de la Cierva - Formación contract (FJCI-2017-34109) from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, and he is currently supported by a postdoctoral researcher contract for scientific excellence under the Plan Propio de I+D+i of the Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha (UCLM), co-funded by the European Social Fund Plus (ESF+). LZG was supported by funds from the Hungary's National Research, Development and Innovation Office (K135841, RRF-2.3.1-21-2022- 00006). We also acknowledge the comments of four anonymous reviewers who improved the final version of this manuscript., DATA AVA I L A B I L I T Y S TAT E M E N T Data supporting the conclusions of this study are available in the supplementary material to this article. Any further details are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request., Aim The increasing spread of vector-borne diseases has resulted in severe health concerns for humans, domestic animals and wildlife, with changes in land use and the introduction of invasive species being among the main possible causes for this increase. We explored several ecological drivers potentially affecting the local prevalence and richness of avian malaria parasite lineages in native and introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) populations. Location Global. Time period 2002–2019. Major taxa studied Avian Plasmodium parasites in house sparrows. Methods We analysed data from 2,220 samples from 69 localities across all continents, except Antarctica. The influence of environment (urbanization index and human density), geography (altitude, latitude, hemisphere) and time (bird breeding season and years since introduction) were analysed using generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) and random forests. Results Overall, 670 sparrows (30.2%) were infected with 22 Plasmodium lineages. In native populations, parasite prevalence was positively related to urbanization index, with the highest prevalence values in areas with intermediate urbanization levels. Likewise, in introduced populations, prevalence was positively associated with urbanization index; however, higher infection occurred in areas with either extreme high or low levels of urbanization. In introduced populations, the number of parasite lineages increased with altitude and with the years elapsed since the establishment of sparrows in a new locality. Here, after a decline in the number of parasite lineages in the first 30 years, an increase from 40 years onwards was detected. Main conclusions Urbanization was related to parasite prevalence in both native and introduced bird populations. In invaded areas, altitude and time since bird introduction were related to the number of Plasmodium lineages found to be infecting sparrows., Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empleo, Junta de Andalucía, Grant/Award Number: P11-RNM-7038, Fundación BBVA, Grant/Award Number: PR(19_ECO_0070, Junta de Extremadura, Grant/Award Number: IB20089 and PO17024, Marie Sklodowska- Curie Actions, Grant/Award Number: 844285, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades, Grant/Award Number: FJCI-2017-34109 and FJCI-2017-34394, Proyectos I+D+i of Junta de Andalucía 2021, Grant/Award Number: ProyExcel_00049, Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha

AbsztraktSükösd határában 2020 decemberében egy halomsíros kultúrához tartozó, különlegesen gazdag mellékletekkel ellátott temetkezés került feltárásra. Az eredeti helyzetben megfigyelt fiatal nő egykori, díszes viseleti elemei közül kiemelkedik a bronz lábtekercspár és a sírban talált borostyánleletek.In December 2020, a burial belonging to the Tumulus culture with particularly rich grave goods was excavated at Sükösd. The young woman was discovered intact and was richly adorned with jewellery. The most outstanding of these are the bronze anklets and the amber finds.

Context In Serbia, common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production largely relies on improved commercial cultivars; however, many farmers still grow and maintain landraces. Productivity assessment of common bean landraces from Serbia may enrich knowledge of bean diversity from Western Balkans, Europe and worldwide. Aims The study aims were to describe the underlying structure of a selected set of landraces and commercial cultivars of common bean, identify relatedness of accessions, and determine breeding values. Methods and key results Overall productivity was assessed through main yield components during a 2-year field trial. Average seed yield per plant was 7.9 g, with 1000-seed weight 425 g, 7.4 pods per plant and 22.9 seeds per plant. Accessions were classified according to seed colour and shape, with the Albus group generally showing highest productivity traits. Phenotypic and genotypic variability of the selected set was previously determined. Principal component analysis was used to assess bean germplasm structure, revealing subdivisions partially according to gene pool (Mesoamerican or Andean), evident through the existence of one larger Andean group. Relatedness of genotypes was assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Additional variation concentrated within the Andean gene pool was detected. Positive correlations were observed among numbers of pods and seeds per plant, yield per plant and plant height. According to the Mantel test, positive associations were observed among productivity trait distance, genetic distance and descriptive trait distance. Conclusions Substantial variation in productivity was observed for bean landraces, with differences among gene pools and seed forms, revealing their agronomic value. Acknowledged structure of agronomic traits and recognised stratification will assist in multilevel organisation of common bean breeding programs. Implications Combined information on phenotypic, genotypic and productivity value should benefit selection of promising parental lines associating good agronomic performance with sufficient variability, according to consumer preferences.

Background Systematically developed quality indicators (QIs) facilitate the measurement and monitoring of quality of care and ultimately meaningful quality improvement. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acceptability of a predetermined suite of 84 scientifically valid prehospital care QIs from the provider perspective. Methods An explanatory sequential mixed methods study design was used. Quantitative data were obtained from 36 participants of an online survey in which they rated the acceptability of the QIs using a five-point numerical rating scale. Qualitative data were gathered by conducting semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of nine survey participants. The successional collection of quantitative and qualitative data facilitated integrated interpretations and conclusions about the acceptability of the QIs. Results Generally, the acceptability of all QIs in the suite was rated highly. Data suggested a positive association between acceptability and other key characteristics of QIs. QIs that were seen as clear, supported by scientific evidence, practical and meaningful tended to be more acceptable than those which were not. The benefits of outcome type QIs were recognised, but participants raised concerns about their sensitivity in the measurement of prehospital quality of care. To be acceptable, QIs which included time intervals needed to be specific about time-critical interventions. Further, the high acceptability of the QIs was explained by a connection to participants’ professional values and qualities. Assessing the QIs’ acceptability from a healthcare provider perspective meant that QIs on patient satisfaction frequently received lower ratings. Conclusion The findings of this study provide evidence of the acceptability of prehospital care providers of a proposed suite of QIs. Future research should evaluate the feasibility and reliability of the QIs. There is also a need to investigate how acceptable the proposed QIs are to patients and communities.

With changing environmental conditions food production is becoming increasingly challenging. The production of cultivars resistant to various abiotic and/or biotic stresses may be one of the solutions. In this study, we analyzed the response of the antioxidant system in two different bell pepper genotypes, 26 susceptible and 19 tolerant, to Xanthomonas euvesicatoria when grown in the open field, greenhouse, free and isolated. The activity of four antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, catalase, and total peroxidase was highest in susceptible genotype 26 grown in isolation in the greenhouse. Both genotypes activate ascorbate peroxidase when grown in the field, suggesting that this enzyme is first in the line of defense under these growing conditions. In addition, susceptible genotype 26 had the highest concentration of ascorbic acid as a non-enzymatic defense when grown in the field. However, the carotenoid content of 26 was the lowest in the field, and the ratio of carotenoids to total chlorophyll was lowest in the field for both genotypes. In general, the susceptible genotype 26 activated the antioxidant and other defense systems more frequently than the tolerant genotype 19. Genotype 19 responded to different growth conditions with additional physiological adaptation through chlorophyll and carotenoid concentration correlated with growth location. This suggests that crossbreeding experiments to obtain genotype 19 allow the acquisition of tolerance to some abiotic stressors in addition to tolerance to the biotic stressor.

Commercial titania modified the behavior of ants by changing their cuticular hydrocarbon profile composition through photocatalytic oxidation.

In multiple access channel systems, such as a mobile communication network, it is important to determine how to share the available resources (for example bandwidth and power) among the users. In recent years, one of the promising scheme is Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), where, unlike the traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access, OMA solution, signals for the different users overlap in some domain (power-domain NOMA, code-domain NOMA, etc). In order to evaluate the performance of any NOMA scheme, we need to compare the achievable bit rates of the users (the capacity region) to an OMA case with comparable parameters (for example, same total bandwidth, same total power and same channel conditions, etc). To make this comparison, we first need to know the capacity region for the OMA cases. Many papers make such comparison without detailing the derivation of the capacity region of the OMA case they compare to [1], [2], [3], [4]. In some cases, we have only one free parameter to choose (for example in uplink frequency division multiplexing systems for two users, it is the bandwidth ratio between the users), and the achievable capacity can be directly calculated for both users depending on the single parameter (hence the boundary of the capacity region is trivial). In other cases, such as downlink frequency division multiplexing systems, even for only two users, we have to allocate optimally two resources between the users: the bandwidth and the base station’s available power. Hence, it is far from being trivial to determine which combination is better and where the boundary of the capacity region is. In this paper, we provide a derivation for that case.

Capsicum annuum is valuable source of many bioactive compounds with the protective role in plants against biotic and abiotic stress as well as beneficial effect on humans? health. This vegetable is susceptible to many infections, including postharvest decay caused by fungus Alternaria alternata. In order to better understanding pepper fruits defense system, the concentration of phenols and ascorbic acid, scavenging activity and antioxidant enzyme activity in three kapia type sweet pepper fruits (Amfora, Una and Kurtovka kapia) infected with fungus A. alternata were determined in this study. Amfora fruits had the highest tolerance to Alternaria infection. Amfora and Una increase total phenol and vitamin C content after wounding and inoculation, while Kurtovska kapia decreased amount of vitamin C. Depending on reaction mechanism, antioxidant tests showed no changes or decrease in antioxidant capacity in treated fruits. Except for phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in Amfora and Kurtovska kapia and ascorbate peroxidase activity in wounded Kurtovska kapia fruits, all measured enzyme activity showed no changes or decrease by wounding and/or Alternaria infection. According to results of intensity of lipid peroxidation as biological marker of oxidative stress, it can be concluded that wounding and infection disturb redox balance in all examined genotypes. The tested genotypes showed certain difference in antioxidant defence against wounding and pathogen stress.

PurposeBased on the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) theory, this study aims to identify person-contingent antecedents and consequences of proactive strength-oriented behaviors at work. Thus, the authors propose and test a model in which psychological capital (PsyCap), as a personal resource, represents a precursor of strengths use, which in turn is a facilitator of employees' self-rated performance.Design/methodology/approachThe authors tested the hypothesized mediation process through a cross-lagged study with three waves, using data collected from a sample of Romanian employees. The authors analyzed the data through structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results provided support for our model. The data showed significant, positive cross-lagged relationships between PsyCap, strengths use and performance across waves. Also, the authors identified a significant and positive indirect effect between PsyCap at T1 and performance at T3 through increased strengths use at T2.Originality/valueThis research brings new evidence for strengths use's placement as a proactive individual strategy within the JD-R theory. Practical implications are related to career self-management and work from home.

Classical histological methods such as hematoxylin-eosin staining, have been, and in some areas still are, an important benchmark for the evaluation of biological tissues. However, the current method of assessment is primarily a qualitative assessment of the tissue under investigation. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the improvement of classical histological methods, by applying physical techniques that allow objective, quantitative data to be added to qualitative assessments, especially in areas where conflicting results are available. To this end, the effect of hypolipidemic medication on the callus formation process of normal bone and pathological osteoporotic bone was investigated. The study allowed us to associate UV-VIS spectroscopy wave number with specific hematoxylin-eosin staining of different types of bone tissue structures, the evolving structures in the callus formation process. This association allowed the quantitative assessment of the callusing process in ovariectomized (associated with pathological, osteoporotic bone) and non-ovariectomized (associated with normal bone) rats, with three groups - the control group, simvastatin-treated group, and fenofibrate-treated group. The study showed that in the non-ovariectomized groups both treatments delayed callus formation. In the ovariectomized groups, simvastatin delayed and fenofibrate promoted callus formation.

Although the end of the seventeenth century is considered as the beginning of the Hungarian scientific historiography, it does not mean that the famous mediaeval origin theories of the Hungarian nation disappeared On the contrary, they continued to influence the historical thinking for many centuries The well-known legendary and biblical theories get a new possible interpretation The Protestant priest converted to Catholicism Ferenc Otrokocsi Fóris (1648–1718), using his distinguished education (he had learned and researched in Utrecht, Franeker, Oxford, and Rome), attempted to extend the scope of these theories with a new character: the famous Prometheus from Greek mythology The aim of our paper is to present a critical analysis of Otrokcsi’s theory and of the sources he used in his work entitled Origines Hungaricae… (1693)

Scoping reviews are an increasingly common method for conducting evidence synthesis in paramedicine. Over the past decade clear methodological guidance has emerged, adding rigour and credibility to this review approach. Paramedicine receives many scoping review submissions, and views these as valid evidence synthesis capable of helping the journal achieve its strategic vision and mission. However the Editorial Board has noted that submissions frequently fail to adhere to essential elements of scoping methodology and reporting standards. This editorial aims to provide guidance to authors regarding Paramedicine's expectations and requirements for scoping review submissions, with the hope of contributing to a greater understanding of scoping review science and enhancement of quality.

Failure to isolate ipsilateral pulmonary veins (PV) "en bloc" by wide-area circumferential ablation (WACA) may necessitate ablation at the intervenous carina. It is unknown how this scenario impacts rates of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence.A standard random-effect meta-analysis of randomized or observational studies were performed, where the outcome of first-time AF ablation was reported in patients with "en bloc" isolation of PVs by WACA as compared with those in whom ablation at the intervenous carina was needed after WACA to achieve complete isolation.A total of five single-center, observational studies (N = 1185) and one, multi-center randomized trial (N = 234) were enrolled. PV isolation could be achieved by WACA "en bloc" in 902/1419 (63.6%) cases. The rest required additional ablation at one or both of the left and right intervenous carinas to achieve isolation. The follow-up time after ablation ranged from 1 to 2 years in the included trials. The incidence of AF recurrence proved to be significantly lower in patients with successful "en bloc" isolation compared to those requiring carina ablation(s) to achieve complete bilateral PV isolation (MH-OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.42-2.53, p .01) CONCLUSION: This present meta-analysis demonstrates a lower arrhythmia recurrence rate in patients with bilateral "en bloc" isolation, as compared to those who needed additional carina ablation for complete PVI. Therefore, it is imperative that every effort be made to isolate ipsilateral PVs "en bloc" during PVI.

Ovaj rad sadrži uvid u fizičku realizaciju SFP komunikacionog protokola i njegove primene u merno-informacionim sistemima. Opisane su osnovne strukture protokola. Prikazano je hardversko rešenje na FPGA uređaju. Sagledana su moguća unapređenja u dizajnu.

Certain assemblies of fibers, called fiber bundles, play a crucial role in the statistical macroscale properties of fibrous structures like natural or artificial materials. Based on the concept of using idealized statistical fiber bundle cells (FBCs) as model elements, the software named FiberSpace was developed by us earlier for the phenomenological modeling of the tensile test process of real fibrous structures. The model fibers of these FBCs had been considered linear elastic, which was suitable for modeling certain textiles and composites. However, the biological tissues are multilevel structures with fiber-like building elements on every structural level where the fiber elements on the dominant level are statistical bundles of elementary fibers. Hence, their modeling required us to introduce model fibers of nonlinear mechanical behavior and derive the proper mathematical formulas for the calculation of the expected tensile force processes of the FBCs. Accordingly, we developed a new version of FiberSpace. The proposed nonlinear FBCs-based modeling method is essentially phenomenological that decomposes the measured and averaged stress–strain curve into the weighted sum of the responses of different idealized nonlinear FBCs. However, this decomposition can give certain information about the fibrous structure and some details of its damage and failure sub-processes. A special application of nonlinear E-bundles, where the measured stress–strain curve is expanded into a product-function series, may give another type of description for the failure process and can be applied to single measurements of structured failure process containing significant peaks and drops as well. The fitted phenomenological FBC models provide a decomposition of the measured force–strain curve, which enables to construct informative damage and failure maps. The applicability of the phenomenological modeling method and the fitting procedure is demonstrated with the tensile test data of some human and animal tissues, such as facial nerves and tendons.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the characteristics of disfluency clusters in cluttering in conversation depending on the relationship of communication partners. Method: Ten-minute speech samples of conversations between people with cluttering (PWC) and people who do not clutter (PWNC) were analyzed for disfluencies. For each sample taken, participants were paired with either friends or unknown partners. PWC were also paired with PWNC and with each other. The influence of the different conversational partners on the type and frequency of disfluency was examined. Results: In all conversation samples, PWC exhibited 2.4 times more complex disfluencies than PWNC. In addition, the frequency of complex disfluencies was influenced by the independent variables of PWC/PWNC and relationship of conversational partner. More complex disfluencies were produced by PWC in the conversations with a PWNC friend and with an unknown PWC as compared to conversations with an unknown PWNC and a PWC friend. Conclusions: Results confirm clinical observations that cluttering disfluencies may increase with more familiar conversational partners. However, atypical speech may also increase severity of symptoms. Findings also provide objective information about cluttering in relatively naturalistic situations.

Due to many applications, the Choquet integral as a powerful tool for modeling non-deterministic problems needs to be further extended. Therefore the paper is devoted to a generalization of the Choquet integral. As a basis, the pseudo-integral for bounded integrand is extended to the case for nonnegative integrands at first, and then the generalized Choquet integral is defined. As special cases, pseudo-Choquet Stieltjes integrals, pseudo-fuzzy Stieltjes integrals, g-Choquet integrals, pseudo-(N)fuzzy integrals and pseudo-(S)fuzzy integrals are obtained, and various kinds of properties and convergence theorems are shown, meanwhile Markov, Jensen, Minkowski and Holder inequalities are proved. In the end, the generalized discrete Choquet integral is discussed. The obtained results for the generalized Choquet integral cover some previous results on different types of nonadditive integrals.

A szelektív epitympanalis dysventilatiós szindróma a cholesteatomaképződés egy új elmélete, melynek leírását a néhány éve megjelent új, minimálinvazív műtéti technika, az endoszkópos fülsebészet (transcanal endoscopic ear surgery) tette lehetővé. Az endoszkópos fülsebészeti részletes anatómiai ismeretek biztosítottak lehetőséget az elméletet magyarázó új patofiziológiai tényező beazonosítására, mely a középfül ventilatiós útjainak elzáródása. Jól működő fülkürt mellett ezen ventilatiós útvonalak elzáródásának következtében kialakulhat a szelektív epitympanalis dysventilatiós szindróma. Célunk volt felhívni a gyakorló fülsebészek figyelmét a kórképre, mivel a megfelelő diagnózis felállítását követően endoszkópos technikával visszafordítható vagy akár megelőzhető a cholesteatomaképződés, a következményes életminőség-rosszabbodást okozó fülváladékozás és vezetéses halláscsökkenés. A szindrómát saját készítésű anatómiai grafikai ábráink által tesszük még inkább átláthatóvá, érthetővé. A jelen közleményben a szerzők a nemzetközi irodalom áttekintése mellett saját esetbemutatásukon keresztül ismertetik a szelektív epitympanalis dysventilatiós szindróma tüneteit, felismerésének fontosságát és endoszkópos fülsebészeti megoldását. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(36): 1440–1446.

Medical records are an integral part of patient care. Information loss during the handover from Emergency Care Providers to hospital staff is common and has a significant impact on patient care. Information loss can be prevented with medical documentation that is accurate, complete and contains the relevant information regarding patient management. Patient report Forms (PRF's) are used by Emergency Care Providers to record the details of their patient care and they form part of the patients' medical records. Quality assuring of PRF's is required to determine if the required information has been recorded on the PRF. Checklists are one the means of quality assuring PRF, by comparing the points on the checklist to the content of the PRF.An three-round Delphi survey was conducted with experts to determine the relevant information (data elements) required for the completion of a PRF including any additional South African - specific elements.Thirty-two experts participated in the Delphi survey, which identified 166 data elements for the check list and this was refined to a final 133 elements after collation by the researchers. A proposed checklist was developed.The Delphi process is a useful technique to develop a checklist. A checklist consisting of 133 total possible data elements to quality assure PRFs was designed. Further research regarding the use and reliability of the checklist is required.

Following inpatient rehabilitation treatment, telerehabilitation can potentially ensure continuity of care at home, particularly for persons with chronic conditions, by supporting individuals to resume their life tasks following discharge (Laver et al., 2020). Telerehabilitation has been described as an alternative method to delivering traditional rehabilitation services, and interest in its use is growing as technologies become more widespread and advanced (Brochard et al., 2010; Galea, 2019). Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, telerehabilitation has significantly contributed to treatment accessibility (Prvu Bettger & Resnik, 2020) and has become a valuable solution for patient care. However, despite the reported benefits of telerehabilitation (Stinear et al., 2020), implementation in clinical practice is slow (Standing et al., 2018) and has not yet reached standard care. To address this gap in continuing care after discharge from an inpatient facility through telerehabilitation, our project has the following three specific aims: (i) to implement a telerehabilitation intervention in routine care after an inpatient rehabilitation stay for people insured with the Sozialversicherungsanstalt der Selbständigen (SVS), (ii) to evaluate the impact of telerehabilitation on the consolidation of goals achieved during the inpatient stay in everyday life, and (iii) to evaluate whether independence in everyday life can be increased by implementing telerehabilitation at home compared to standard care. A longitudinal, observer-blinded, randomised controlled trial with three arms will be conducted at the Neurological Rehabilitation Center Rosenhügel (NRZ), Vienna. All patients admitted to the NRZ receive a Baseline Assessment (T0). Rehabilitation aims are defined based on symptoms, functional limitations and participation restrictions, and routine care is provided accordingly. At discharge, patients undergo another assessment to determine if the rehabilitation aims have been reached (Post-inpatient Evaluation [T1]). Between T0 and T1, patients participating in this study will be randomly assigned to either a tele-reha group (Intervention Group) or a control group (Control Group 1) stratified for the likelihood of a positive rehabilitation outcome (determined by the multidisciplinary team), as well as age, and sex. Participation in the tele-reha group and the control group 1 is restricted to patientswith SVS insurance. Additionally, a second control group (Control Group 2) will be recruited from patients without SVS insurance who only receive standard care. Control group 2 will be matched with the tele-reha group in terms of age group, sex and the likelihood of a positive rehabilitation outcome as estimated by the multidisciplinary team.The study concludes with a final assessment (Final Evaluation) after 36 days of therapy. SVS patients from control group 1 will be offered the opportunity to participate in an additional tele-care intervention after the study ends. &nbsp

Monitoring the health status of narrow-leaved ash tree seedlings (forest office Morović, locality Vinična) in the early spring of 2015, after the catastrophic floods in May 2014, revealed presence of large dark necrotic areas on 1–2 year old sprouts. The isolation of the fungal pathogen was done by standard phytopathological protocols. Three representative isolates (K41, K42 and K78) were preliminary detected and purified by a single-spore technique for further morphological, molecular analyses and pathogenicity testing. Morphological characteristics classified the isolates as Fusarium tricinctum. Tested isolates on narrow leaved ash sprouts caused reddish brown elongated necrotic lesions averaged 20.1 mm. Two marker genes, translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF1-α) and internal transcribed spacer (ITS1), were used in this study. Using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) searching engine, nucleotide sequences were compared to all related sequences. Alignement score resulted in 98.9% identities with F. tricinctum for isolate K78, while isolates K41 and K42 showed 94.1% and 94.3% identities with F. tricinctum complex respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. tricinctum pathogen infection on flood stressed narrow-leaved ash trees in Serbia. Poljski jasen (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl.) je drvenasta vrsta rasprostranjena u nizijskim šumama u Evropi. Region jugozapadnog Srema gde se nalaze najvrednije šume ove vrste u Srbiji, bio je izložen katastrofalnim poplavama u maju 2014. Praćenjem zdravstvenog stanja sadnica jasena (šuma Morović, lokalitet „Vinična”) u rano proleće 2015. godine otkriveno je prisustvo velikih tamnih nekrotičnih područja na izbojcima starim 1–2 godine. Sa obolelih izbojaka, standardnim fitopatološkim postupkom, urađena je izolacija patogena. Prema morfološkim karakteristikama dobijeni izolati su determinisani kao Fusarium tricinctum. Za dalje analize su uzeta tri reprezentativna monosporna izolata (K41, K42 i K78). BLAST pretragom NCBI nukleotidne baze utvrđeno je 98,9% sličnosti TEF1-α sekvence izolata K78 (MN822227.1) sa Fusarium tricinctum i 100% poklapanja ITS sekvence ovog izolata (GenBank MK928426.1) sa izolatom F. tricinctum ZMXR6 (MT446111.1). IGS sekvence izo lata K41 i K42 (MZ749901 i MZ749902) imale su 94,1% i 94,3% sličnosti sa F. tricinctum kompleksom, na osnovu BLAST pretrage FUSARIUM-ID nukleotidne baze. Testovi patogenosti na izbojcima jasena starim godinu dana pokazali su crvenkasto smeđe izdužene nekrotične lezije prosečne dužine 20,1 mm. Patogen je reizolovan iz izbojaka sa simptomima. Prema našim saznanjima, ovo je prvi nalaz F. tricinctum na stablima poljskog jasena u Srbiji.

Este trabajo se centra en el problema de la biografía y la autobiografía como ejercicios de la memoria orientados tanto a construir la identidad de un personaje, como a explicar el sentido de una obra en función de las experiencias vividas por su autor. De la mano de Hans-Georg Gadamer se intentará reconstruir la relevancia que tuvo la literatura biográfica y autobiográfica en el período que va desde el siglo XVIII al XIX, es decir, el lapso que en términos filosóficos comprende el pasaje de la modernidad hacia la posmodernidad. Luego, a la luz de algunas de las propuestas hermenéuticas desarrolladas por el filósofo, se procurará hacer una lectura crítica de La invención de la soledad, de Paul Auster, teniendo en cuenta las características diferenciales de la época en la que escribe Auster y el período histórico al que se refiere Gadamer.

Background Custom-made 3D-printed glenoid implants for reverse shoulder arthroplasty are a modern treatment option for severe glenoid bone deficiencies. The potential advantages of not only achieving primary stability, but also being able to realize the preoperative plan in terms of implantation accuracy at the same time, has not yet been sufficiently investigated. The purpose of this study was to quantify the implantation precision of custom-made glenoid implants. Methods 12 consecutive patients with severe glenoid bone defects were treated between May 2019 and August 2020 using a custom-made glenoid implant (ProMade) (LimaCorporate, San Daniele, Italy) with reverse shoulder arthroplasty at a single hospital. All patients were eligible for inclusion and could be enrolled in this institutional review board approved study. The immediate postoperative CT-evaluated position of the glenoid implant was compared with the preoperative computer-based plan, upon which the manufacturing process was based. As a result of this comparison deviation measurements in six degrees of freedom (inclination, version, mediolateral offset, anteroposterior offset, superoinferior offset and roll rotation) emerged. Results The absolute average (mean value ± standard deviation) implantation deviation related to the plan were 1.6° ± 5.4° for version, 1.9° ± 4.1° for inclination, 0.3mm ± 3.3mm for mediolateral offset, 0.1mm ± 1.9mm for anteroposterior offset, 0.0mm ± 2.4mm for superoinferior offset and 1.0° ± 6.3° for roll rotation. The augment volume averaged 9.0cm³ ± 2.6 cm³. All custom-made glenoid implants were implanted with a subjectively sufficient primary stability. Conclusion This study gives an indication, that custom-made 3D-printed glenoid implants can be implanted with statistically high accuracy. In order to evaluate the clinical benefit and radiographic stability, a longer follow-up investigation is needed.

Hungarian-Serbian relations have never been as cordial as they are now, and this is an opinion shared by the leadership of both countries in spite of the modern history of the two nations. In our paper, we seek explanation for this change and argue that it is a consequence of multiple factors: First, the geopolitical changes in the Western Balkans, which have resulted in a great power competition that has opened up space for small states, like Hungary, to assert their interests. Secondly, the changes in domestic politics in Hungary that have brought national interests into the foreground, resulting, among other outcomes, in more active foreign policy with regard to the Western Balkans region. In this paper, we attempt to give a different, critical view of these relations, discussing migration, economic cooperation and political maneuvers in particular.

One of the main functions of maps is to provide information to the map user, and to pick out from the infinite amount of information that the map maker thinks the reader might find important. It does so in a way that also tries to reflect the character of the area depicted, so that the reader can more quickly recognise the map symbols. Cartography is the science of visual info-communication in the earth sciences: without it, we would not be able to perceive spatiality. Maps also shape perceptions: the content they display can influence the worldview of a generation of readers. So they have a significant role to play, and as virtual worlds become more and more common, the maps that are created for them are playing an increasingly important role in shaping people's perceptions. In this research, we investigated whether users perceive a boundary between virtual and real world maps, and whether they are more attached to one or the other.Maps in video games are all artworks closely related to the style, world and gameplay of the game. Their aim is to provide a two-dimensional representation that helps the user to navigate through the fictional world of the game. As realism is becoming more and more important in some games, there is also a growing demand - from developers and players - for realism not only in the characters and the environment, but also in the game map. Both the role of realism and the role of maps are particularly important in open-world RPG and FPS games. Therefore, this research has examined these types of recently developed games in relation to four main map representations: city maps, topographic maps, historical maps and realistic terrain representations (based on satellite imagery). The study was carried out with online user tests involving around 300 people, who had to decide which of two randomly displayed map segments was made for a video game. Respondents were assessed by gender, age and education. When responding, they were also asked to indicate what they based their decision on and which map they liked more from an aesthetic point of view. The results show that people typically recognise video game maps for the types of games studied (with the lowest proportion recognising realistic surface renderings), but they find maps for games more appealing.The present research is a snapshot of how map representations of virtual and real space can or cannot be confused. It also highlights the process whereby the generated reality will sooner or later reach a level that makes it difficult to distinguish from reality, and thus increases the chances that the reader of the map may not be aware that he or she is not seeing reality.The research was carried out within the project no. TKP2021-NVA-29 and supported by the Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Hungary from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund, financed under the TKP2021-NVA funding scheme.

The source of almost all of the lead (Pb) found in meat from carcasses of wild-shot small game animals is often thought to be small embedded fragments of the lead shotgun pellets usually used by hunters to kill them. Available circumstantial evidence supports this conjecture, but an unknown proportion of the lead in game meat might be biologically-incorporated and absorbed by the game animal from ingested shotgun pellets and other environmental sources, such as soil and residues from mining. A critical test comparing lead concentrations in meat from animals known to have been killed using different types of shotgun ammunition has not been performed until now. We compared lead concentrations in samples of edible meat from carcasses of 27 wild-shot common pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) from which only lead shotgun pellets were recovered post mortem with concentrations for 20 birds from which only iron pellets were recovered. Shotgun pellets were removed from the meat samples before analysis. The mean concentration of lead was about 30 times greater in the meat of pheasants shot with lead than those shot with iron and was similar to mean concentrations of lead reported previously from Europe-wide samples of meat from wild-shot small game animals, including pheasants, killed using unknown types of ammunition. These results support the hypothesis that changing the type of shotgun ammunition in use for hunting from lead to iron would greatly reduce the concentration of lead in meat from wild-shot small game.

With special focus on free speech, as well as on classroom surveillance (proliferating in the Covid-pandemic digital learning environment), the paper aims to identify contextual dimensions for academic freedom as a matured legal concept – and one to be assessed via a business and human rights approach, due to its peculiar position between the public and private spheres. The project is triggered by the fact that despite its widespread usage in international documents and domestic constitutions, academic freedom remains underdeveloped in terms of conceptual tools, operationalizing mechanisms, monitoring methods and benchmarking schemes. There are also competing notions on how to best conceptualize it: as an individual right, a set of requirements for autonomous institutional design, a field to be regulated for market service providers or public commodities, a tool for international policy making, or academic ranking – not to mention the challenge of how to incorporate challenges brought by social justice movements. These considerations all require different policy tools and adjacent legal targeting.

Pour une publication sur Épisiciences., The comparative legal scholar authors, working a broad project mapping how law conceptualizes and operationalizes race, ethnicity and nationality, provide an assessment of the triadic relationship between law, identity (making and claims recognition) and science. The project focuses on race and ethnicity, excluding the discussion of gender identity, but the latter is used as a point of reference to demonstrate the transformative changes in the past years in how the meaning of the terms of identity are assigned and conceptualized in social sciences and humanities, and to a certain degree in politics and law. Yet, there is a debilitating lack of linguistic and conceptual resources, cultural tools, and a solid and proper vocabulary for thinking about racial identity, which is particularly stark in the field of law, especially international law, which habitually operates with the concepts of race, ethnicity, and nationality when setting forth standards for the recognition of collective rights or protection from discrimination, establishing criteria for asylum, labeling actions as genocide, or requiring a “genuine link” in citizenship law, without actually providing definitions for these groups or of membership criteria within these legal constructs. The paper provides an overview of the obstacles, challenges and controversies in the legal institutionalization. In technical terms, the operationalization of ethnic/racial/national group affiliation can follow several options: self-identification; authority given to elected or appointed members (representatives) of the group (leaving aside legitimacy-, or ontological questions regarding the authenticity or genuineness of these actors); classification by outsiders, through the perception of the majority; or by outsiders but using “objective” criteria, such as names, residence, et cetera. The paper also provides an assessment of how “objective” criteria, data and constructions provided by science translate into the legal discourse. Case studies will be used from anthropological/historical “scientific knowledge,” and the operationalization of (performative) whiteness and otherness in the US, to contemporary examples of requiring DNA-heritage certificates in naturalization and Diaspora-programs (for example for birthright schemes in Israel); race-focused forensic datasets; and race-based medicine and reproductive technologies – where the methodology and conceptualization of “scientific race” is analyzed in a comparative and critical framework., Les auteurs, juristes comparatistes, travaillant sur un vaste projet qui cartographie la manière dont le droit conceptualise et opérationnalise la race, l’ethnicité et la nationalité, fournissent une évaluation de la relation triadique entre le droit, l’identité (la reconnaissance de l’identité et des revendications) et la science. Le projet se concentre sur la race et l’ethnicité, excluant la discussion de l’identité de genre, mais cette dernière est utilisée comme point de référence pour démontrer les changements transformateurs de ces dernières années dans la façon dont la signification des termes d’identité est assignée et conceptualisée dans les sciences sociales et humaines, et dans une certaine mesure dans la politique et le droit. Pourtant, il existe un manque débilitant de ressources linguistiques et conceptuelles, d’outils culturels et d’un vocabulaire solide et approprié pour réfléchir à l’identité raciale, ce qui est particulièrement flagrant dans le domaine du droit, notamment le droit international, qui utilise habituellement les concepts de race, d’ethnicité et de nationalité lorsqu’il établit des normes pour la reconnaissance des droits collectifs ou la protection contre la discrimination, qu’il établit des critères pour l’asile, qu’il qualifie des actions de génocide ou qu’il exige un « lien authentique » dans le droit de la citoyenneté, sans réellement fournir de définitions pour ces groupes ou de critères d’adhésion dans ces constructions juridiques. L’article donne un aperçu des obstacles, des défis et des controverses liés à l’institutionnalisation juridique. En termes techniques, l’opérationnalisation de l’affiliation à un groupe ethnique/racial/national peut suivre plusieurs options : auto-identification ; autorité donnée aux membres (représentants) élus ou nommés du groupe (en laissant de côté les questions de légitimité ou ontologiques concernant l’authenticité ou l’authenticité de ces acteurs) ; classification par des personnes extérieures, à travers la perception de la majorité ; ou par des personnes extérieures mais en utilisant des critères « objectifs », tels que les noms, la résidence, etc. L’article fournit également une évaluation de la manière dont les critères, données et constructions « objectifs » fournis par la science se traduisent dans le discours juridique. Des études de cas seront utilisées, allant de la « connaissance scientifique » anthropologique/historique et de l’opérationnalisation de la blancheur (performative) et de l’altérité aux États-Unis, à des exemples contemporains d’exigence de certificats d’héritage ADN dans les programmes de naturalisation et de diaspora (par exemple pour les programmes de droit de naissance en Israël) ; des ensembles de données médico-légales axées sur la race ; et de la médecine et des technologies de reproduction fondées sur la race – où la méthodologie et la conceptualisation de la « race scientifique » sont analysées dans un cadre comparatif et critique.

Armillaria species can survive for decades in the soil on dead woody debris, develop rapidly under favorable conditions, and harmfully infect newly planted forests. Our previous study found Trichoderma atroviride to be highly effective in controlling Armillaria growth; therefore, our current work explored the molecular mechanisms that might play a key role in Trichoderma-Armillaria interactions.

Background Sarcopenia is defined as an age-related progressive and systemic loss of muscle mass and function. World Health Organization (WHO) definition of health-related quality of life (QoL) states that health is considered “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”, and a decline in QoL is anticipated in individuals with sarcopenia. Beaudart et al. framed the concept of defining QoL in patients suffering from sarcopenia (SarQoL) based on fundamental procedures of QoL questionnaire development, expert recommendations and studies. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the discriminative power, internal consistency and floor and ceiling effects using data available from a sarcopenia study published recently, where the Hungarian version of the SarQoL questionnaire was also administered. Methods In this cross-sectional study, data from SarQoL questionnaire administered to a postmenopausal sarcopenia study cohort (n = 100) was scrutinized for evaluation of psychometric properties of the questionnaire. Our verification of the psychometric properties consisted of discriminative power analysis, assessment of internal consistency, and floor and ceiling effects. The homogeneity of the SarQoL questionnaire, i.e., its internal consistency was measured using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Correlation between the overall and domain SarQoL questionnaire scores and appendicular skeletal muscle mass in sarcopenic individuals was assessed. Furthermore, the difference of SarQoL overall and domain scores between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients was also evaluated. Results The median (interquartile range (IQR)) overall SarQoL questionnaire score was 81.5 (67.1–91.5). There was a statistically significant lower overall SarQoL score comparing sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic subjects median (IQR): 75.3 (62.1–86.3) vs. 83.7 (71.4–92.1); p = 0.041). The sarcopenic subjects showed a statistically significant (p = 0.021) correlation between the overall SarQoL score and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (Spearman’s ϱ = 0.412). The overall Cronbach’s alpha of 0.937 indicated a high internal consistency of the Hungarian version of the SarQoL questionnaire. No floor or ceiling effects were noted in the overall SarQoL questionnaire score. Conclusion In our study on community dwelling outpatient postmenopausal Hungarian women, the overall score of the Hungarian version of the SarQoL questionnaire had significant discriminative power to distinguish between sarcopenic and non-sarcopenic patients, had high internal consistency and no floor or ceiling effects.

BACKGROUND In the UK, the concept of Professional Advocacy was introduced in the midwifery profession in 2017. In response to the C-19 pandemic, the Chief Nurse for England directed it be rolled wider to the UK Registered Nurse population, developing the Professional Nursing Advocate role. To date, however, little is known about the impact of the professional advocacy roll on the day-to-day experiences of the nursing and midwifery workforce, nor if it helps improve quality in practice, nurse/midwife wellbeing and retention. OBJECTIVE The research will explore how the Professional Nursing Advocate (PNA) and Professional Midwifery Advocate (PMA) roles are embedded in one UK NHS Acute Trust, with focus toward: the PNA/PMA experience; the whole nursing/midwifery staff use of the role; Quality Improvement in Practice (QiP); nurse/midwife wellbeing and nurse/midwife retention. METHODS This multistage mixed method study is designed over four workstreams: Workstream 1 explores the organisational context of PNA/PMA roles and organisational statistics on QiP, wellbeing and retention. Workstream 2 uses semi-structured interviews with PNA/PMAs in that organisation to understand their experiences of being a PNA/PMA, what they do in the role, and how they feel it may impact on nurse/midwifes QiP, wellbeing and retention. Workstream 3 is twofold: Part A will survey the organisations whole nurse and midwifery population to understand nurses/midwives’ awareness/access/understanding of the role. Part B will hold focus group with nurses/midwives. The first focus group will be with nurses/midwives who have actively used the PNA/PMA role. The second focus group will be with nurses/midwives who have not yet consulted with PNA/PMA. Workstream 4 will co-design, with PNAs/PMAs, nurses and midwives, recommendations to inform local policy, practice, and implementation of the PNA/PMA role across the organisation. RESULTS Integration of the findings from the 4 workstreams will lead the organisational implementation of the PMA/ PNA role, map nurses/midwives’ routes to access PMA/PNA’s, develop strategies for how the role can be used in relation to QiP, staff wellbeing and retention, and provide recommendations for local policy. CONCLUSIONS The findings will be translated to inform national policy and implementation of the PNA/PMA role and will be translated to inform allied health professionals’ development of the professional advocacy role.

Candida glabrata is a human-associated opportunistic fungal pathogen. It shares its niche with Lactobacillus spp. in the gastrointestinal and vaginal tract. In fact, Lactobacillus species are thought to competitively prevent Candida overgrowth. We investigated the molecular aspects of this antifungal effect by analyzing the interaction of C. glabrata strains with Limosilactobacillus fermentum. From a collection of clinical C. glabrata isolates, we identified strains with different sensitivities to L. fermentum in coculture. We analyzed the variation of their expression pattern to isolate the specific response to L. fermentum. C. glabrata-L. fermentum coculture induced genes associated with ergosterol biosynthesis, weak acid stress, and drug/chemical stress. L. fermentum coculture depleted C. glabrata ergosterol. The reduction of ergosterol was dependent on the Lactobacillus species, even in coculture with different Candida species. We found a similar ergosterol-depleting effect with other lactobacillus strains (Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus rhamosus) on Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. The addition of ergosterol improved C. glabrata growth in the coculture. Blocking ergosterol synthesis with fluconazole increased the susceptibility against L. fermentum, which was again mitigated by the addition of ergosterol. In accordance, a C. glabrata Δerg11 mutant, defective in ergosterol biosynthesis, was highly sensitive to L. fermentum. In conclusion, our analysis indicates an unexpected direct function of ergosterol for C. glabrata proliferation in coculture with L. fermentum. IMPORTANCE The yeast Candida glabrata, an opportunistic fungal pathogen, and the bacterium Limosilactobacillus fermentum both inhabit the human gastrointestinal and vaginal tract. Lactobacillus species, belonging to the healthy human microbiome, are thought to prevent C. glabrata infections. We investigated the antifungal effect of Limosilactobacillus fermentum on C. glabrata strains quantitively in vitro. The interaction between C. glabrata and L. fermentum evokes an upregulation of genes required for the synthesis of ergosterol, a sterol constituent of the fungal plasma membrane. We found a dramatic reduction of ergosterol in C. glabrata when it was exposed to L. fermentum. This effect extended to other Candida species and other Lactobacillus species. Furthermore, fungal growth was efficiently suppressed by a combination of L. fermentum and fluconazole, an antifungal drug which inhibits ergosterol synthesis. Thus, fungal ergosterol is a key metabolite for the suppression of C. glabrata by L. fermentum.

Purpose Endoscopic type I tympanoplasty was originally introduced in the 1990s and the extensive spread of this practice can be easily observed. The conventional technique performed involves the repair of a tympanic membrane perforation and is defined as microscopic type I tympanoplasty. The aim of this study is the comparison of quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes with endoscopic to that with microscopic type I tympanoplasty. Methods All patients, or in the case of children with the aid of a parent, were asked to complete a novel QoL questionnaire drafted by our study group. The analysis was performed with descriptive statistics—mean, SD and relative frequency—and with a mixed model (generalized least squares fit). A two-sided p value of Results A total of 83 patients completed the questionnaire, 38 in the endoscopic group and 45 in the microscopic group. Every question represented a different. A statistically significant result was found in favor of the endoscopic approach regarding average hospitalization rate (p = 0.003) and cosmetic outcomes (p = 0.015). No statistically significant difference was otherwise observed between the groups. Conclusions Based on our prospective cohort study, the QoL outcomes of endoscopic type I tympanoplasty in terms of postoperative pain, headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, taste disorder and hearing were comparable to the microscopic type I tympanoplasty. In regard to cosmetics, an increase in desirable results was achieved in the endoscopic group, particularly the average hospitalization rate proved to be statistically significantly lower than in the microscopic group.

Atypically expressed transglutaminase 2 (TG2) has been identified as a poor prognostic factor in a variety of cancers. In this study, we evaluated the contribution of TG2 to the prolonged cell survival of differentiated acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL) cells in response to the standard treatment with combined retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide (ATO). We report that one advantage of ATRA + ATO treatment compared to ATRA alone diminishes the amount of activated and non-activated CD11b/CD18 and CD11c/CD18 cell surface integrin receptors. These changes suppress ATRA-induced TG2 docking on the cytosolic part of CD18 β2-integrin subunits and reduce cell survival. In addition, TG2 overexpresses and hyperactivates the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phospho-AKT S473, and phospho-mTOR S2481 signalling axis. mTORC2 acts as a functional switch between cell survival and death by promoting the full activation of AKT. We show that TG2 presumably triggers the formation of a signalosome platform, hyperactivates downstream mTORC2-AKT signalling, which in turn phosphorylates and inhibits the activity of FOXO3, a key pro-apoptotic transcription factor. In contrast, the absence of TG2 restores basic phospho-mTOR S2481, phospho-AKT S473, PI3K, and PTEN expression and activity, thereby sensitising APL cells to ATO-induced cell death. We conclude, that atypically expressed TG2 may serve as a hub, facilitating signal transduction via signalosome formation by the CD18 subunit with both PI3K hyperactivation and PTEN inactivation through the PI3K-PTEN cycle in ATRA-treated APL cells.

Among the most common problems in collaborative learning, it was observed that students do not participate equally in activities and that they often do not know how to communicate and cooperate with each other. Till the present day, different research areas have tried to overcome the abovementioned problem. In computer supported collaborative activities, the most common approach was to use a 1:1 distribution (one device per user) due to the support for independent content research and seamless learning and also due to the observed positive effects on students' achievements, motivation and engagement, given that each student has his own device. However, it was also observed that one having his own device during collaborative activity can lead to difficulties in reaching an agreement within the group due to the emphasized autonomy of each student. Moreover, some research suggests that working in a 1:m distribution (one device per many users) results in the creation of superior artefacts and better cooperation compared to working in a collaborative group where the device distribution is 1:1. This paper presents a split- screen application prototype and possibilities arising from dividing a single multi-touch screen into independent work segments on portable devices such as a tablet computer and a smartphone, which could lead to a different approach in supporting collaborative learning and group interaction among elementary school students.

Mastoid obliteration technique combines the advantages of canal wall-up (CWU) and canal wall-down (CWD) approaches in the surgery of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma. We aim to demonstrate our experience with mastoid obliteration technique using bone dust and BonAlive® (S53P4) bioactive glass granule in a comparative prospective clinical study.Between 1st of March 2012 and 31st of November 2021, mastoid obliteration surgery was performed in 14 patients using bone dust (7 cases) and BonAlive® granule (7 cases). Prior to these interventions, the patients had undergone more than three ear surgeries (CWU and CWD) generally in both groups. Changes of complaints, audiological results, and changes in quality of life were analysed in both groups, postoperatively.Having performed the mastoid obliteration technique, cochlear damage did not occur in either patient group. Long-term ear discharge and vertigo were occasionally observed after performing obliteration with bone dust. However, these complaints disappeared after a while. Complications were not reported in the case of obliteration with BonAlive®. Outstanding improvement was experienced in both groups.In our practice, mastoid obliteration surgery, using either bone dust or BonAlive® granule, has proved to be a safe and effective method in the management of chronic suppurative otitis media with cholesteatoma, resulting in continuous putrid ear discharge after CWU or CWD tympanoplasty. Obliteration with BonAlive® granule provides several advantages for patients, such as antibacterial effect, osteoconductive effect ensuring frame for bone growth and osteoproductive effect stimulating the ossification. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(21): 838-845.Bevezetés és célkitűzés: Az otitis media suppurativa chronica cholesteatomatosa sebészetében a mastoidobliterációval végzett megoldás egyesíti a nyitott és a zárt technikával végzett műtétek előnyeit. Összehasonlító prospektív klinikai tanulmányunkban a csontporral és a BonAlive® (S53P4) bioaktív üveggranulátummal végzett mastoidobliterációs műtéteinkkel szerzett tapasztalatainkat összegeztük. Beteganyag és módszerek: 2012. március 1. és 2021. november 31. között 14 felnőtt betegünknél végeztünk mastoidobliterációs műtétet csontporral (7 beteg), illetve BonAlive® granulátummal (7 beteg). A mastoidobliterációt megelőzően a betegek mindkét csoportban átlagosan több mint 3 fülműtéten (nyitott vagy zárt technikájú tympanoplastica) estek át. A műtéteket követően mindkét csoportban elemeztük a panaszok változását, az audiológiai eredmények alakulását és a betegek életminőségében bekövetkezett változásokat. Eredmények: A mastoidobliterációs műtéti megoldás egyik betegcsoportban sem okozott cochlearis károsodást. A csontporral történt obliterációt követően gyakrabban tapasztaltunk elhúzódó fülváladékozást és esetenként szédülést, mely panaszok idővel megszűntek. A BonAlive® granulátummal obliterált esetekben komplikációt nem észleltünk. Mindkét betegcsoportban igen jelentős életminőség-javulást figyeltünk meg. Következtetés: A mastoidobliterációs műtétek – akár csontporral, akár BonAlive® granulátummal végezve – gyakorlatunkban biztonságos és hatásos megoldásnak bizonyultak korábban otitis media suppurativa chronica cholesteatomatosa miatt akár nyitott, akár zárt technikával végzett, állandó bűzös fülváladékozással járó esetekben. A BonAlive® granulátummal végzett obliterációk számos előnnyel járnak a betegek számára: az üveggranulátum antibakteriális hatású, oszteokonduktív hatású (keretet biztosít a csont növekedéséhez), és oszteoproduktív hatást is kivált (stimulálja a csontosodást). Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(21): 838–845.

Buildings of the burial complex of Suleiman the Magnificent were excavated between 2015–2019 in Szigetvár. This paper investigates why, despite the traditional anti-Muslim sentiments in the local community, the FIDESZ-KDNP failed to turn the Suleiman story into local political success after the 2015 migration crisis, during a period of extensive anti-Muslim campaigning. This analyses focuses on the opportunities, challenges and concerns of the creation of a Muslim pilgrimage site and cultural tourism attraction based on the death place of the Ottoman emperor. The Muslim rule in the early modern period has left deep memorial traces on Hungary. Despite the superficial similarities, opinions about Muslims in Szigetvár are more complex than in the wider Hungarian public and are influenced by acts of reconciliation and economic considerations. Results of a deep empirical research are presented on local identity and Muslim related sentiments in this paper.

Given the rising socioeconomic issues of fossil fuels, efficient artificial photosynthesis would be an important milestone toward a sustainable world. A key step of photosynthesis is the catalytic photooxidation of water by photosystem II, which has a mean lifetime of 30 min under full sunlight. Since the efficiency of photosystem II is controlled by redox-active tyrosine–histidine pairs that regulate the light-induced flow of charges, research has recently focused on the utilization of redox-active ligands in artificial systems. Here we review the molecular catalysis of water oxidation with emphasis on redox cooperation modes between ligands and metal centers. Molecular systems involving redox-active ligands could achieve up to 100% efficiency with respect to oxygen production, overpotential of 200–300 mV and turnover frequency above 100 s−1, which is comparable to the natural process. Nonetheless, molecular catalysts are often prone to degradation of the organic ligand. The oxidative activation of ligands can contribute to the water oxidation reactivity of a metal–ligand complex, or lead to controlled catalyst film formation. We discuss the design of functional analogs to the tyrosine–histidine pair that for the most part rely on abundant elements and exploit redox-active molecular moieties to assist the catalytic centers. We highlight analogies with the cooperation between the natural oxygen-evolving complex and the redox-active tyrosine–histidine pairs found in photosystem II.